EP3381121A1 - Method for controlling a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and corresponding device - Google Patents
Method for controlling a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and corresponding deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3381121A1 EP3381121A1 EP16815588.5A EP16815588A EP3381121A1 EP 3381121 A1 EP3381121 A1 EP 3381121A1 EP 16815588 A EP16815588 A EP 16815588A EP 3381121 A1 EP3381121 A1 EP 3381121A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- synchronous machine
- inverter
- control
- rotor
- sensors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/06—Rotor flux based control involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
- H02P21/08—Indirect field-oriented control; Rotor flux feed-forward control
- H02P21/09—Field phase angle calculation based on rotor voltage equation by adding slip frequency and speed proportional frequency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/28—Arrangements for controlling current
Definitions
- a method of controlling a synchronous machine with permanent magnets, and corresponding device is a method of controlling a synchronous machine with permanent magnets, and corresponding device.
- the invention relates to the general field of synchronous machines with permanent magnets, and more particularly to the control of synchronous machines with permanent magnets of variable speed fans.
- Variable speed fans generally include an inverter and a motor which is a synchronous permanent magnet machine.
- Permanent magnet synchronous machines are generally powered by a DC power source via the inverter disposed between the DC power source and the permanent magnet synchronous machine.
- a trapezoidal or so-called "120 °" control uses three Hall effect sensors to detect the angular position of the rotor in six positions.
- the three sensors make it possible to discretize an electrical period of the rotor, with a duration of 360 ° electrical, in six electrical sectors of 60 ° electric each.
- the trapezoidal control has six operating points each corresponding to an angular sector of the rotor. By knowing the electrical sector in which the permanent magnet (s) of the rotor is located, the inverter feeds the two appropriate phases of the stator of the synchronous machine to obtain a motor torque.
- the three Hall effect sensors are positioned at the stator of the motor so as to be separated from electrical 120 °, that is to say 60 ° mechanical for a motor having two pairs of electric poles, as illustrated on FIG. 1 shows an example of arrangement of Hall effect sensors C1, C2, C3 for a motor with four electric poles A1 to A4, A1 and A3 being magnetic north poles and A2 and A4 of the south magnetic poles.
- Hall effect sensors are sensitive to the polarity of the rotor magnets.
- Each of the sensors provides a logic signal, which may have a first value, said high, if the North magnet is vis-à-vis the sensor, or a second value, called low, if the South magnet of opposite polarity to the North magnet is vis-à-vis the sensor.
- Figure 2 presents a graph of signals of the three Hall effect sensors C1 to C3 for the four-pole electric motor of Figure 1, that is to say two pairs of electric poles, on which each vertical line in broken lines separates two electric electrical 60 ° sectors.
- two switches of the inverter are controlled in order to circulate a current that will ensure a motor torque.
- This piloting is called "120 °" piloting.
- the calibration angle ⁇ is controllable because the phase of the electromotive force E is deduced from the information provided by the Hall effect sensors, and the phase of the voltage l is derived from the control of the inverter.
- This wedge angle ⁇ can be chosen to maximize the torque.
- the electromotive force E and the current in a phase of the motor / are in phase, as illustrated in the Fresnel diagram shown in FIG. 4.
- the wedge angle ⁇ being made mechanically, the different mechanical tolerances will generate an inaccuracy on this angle all the more important that the diameter of the engine is small.
- the value of the wedging angle ⁇ has multiple consequences on the performance of the inverter / motor assembly.
- the harmonic spectrum of the currents in the phases is more or less rich resulting in more or less motor torque ripple.
- the calibration angle ⁇ also affects the efficiency of the power conversion (active and reactive power) as well as the harmonic spectra rejected on the network.
- the first problem comes from the fact that the different tolerances on the positioning of the mechanical parts relative to each other result in a tolerance on the wedge angle ⁇ very important, especially as the engine diameter is small.
- the modulus of the electromotive force E varies linearly as a function of the speed whereas for a synchronous motor of a fan for example, the modulus of the motor current varies squared of the speed.
- This second problem related to the optimization of the offset angle for a single operating point of the synchronous motor can cause over-consumption of the motor at the other operating points. This phenomenon is amplified especially as the engine power increases.
- the invention aims to provide a method of controlling a permanent magnet synchronous machine to obtain the best performance of the inverter / machine assembly for all the operating points of the synchronous machine.
- a method of controlling a permanent magnet synchronous machine comprising a permanent magnet rotor and a three-phase stator, the machine being associated with a control inverter of the stator of the synchronous machine, and the method comprising: three simultaneous measurements each made by a Hall effect sensor, the three sensors being arranged so as to have a central sensor and two lateral sensors, the two lateral sensors being placed at 120 ° / p mechanical of the central sensor relative to the axis of rotation of the motor, p being the number of pairs of poles of the synchronous machine,
- the method prior to the control of the inverter, the method comprises an application of a time delay on the three measured signals so that the control inverter control takes into account an angle of desired setting variable.
- the generation and application of an adjustable delay on the information processing of the Hall effect sensors makes it possible to vary the angle of adjustment according to the operating point of the motor, that is to say to realize dynamic synchronization of the synchronous machine, and thus always have an optimized angle of calibration.
- the proposed solution thus makes it possible to control the stall angle, either mechanically or analogically or numerically from the measurement signals and processing means such as software means, in order to improve the reproducibility of the performances.
- the value of the applied delay depends on the rotational speed of the rotor of the synchronous machine.
- the electromagnetic force developed by the synchronous machine varies linearly with the rotational speed of the rotor, while the modulus of the current supplying the stator coils varies according to the square of the rotational speed of the rotor. Adjusting the value of the delay for each speed value thus makes it possible to maintain an optimal angle of calibration to obtain the best performance of the assembly formed by the control inverter and the synchronous machine irrespective of the rotor speed regime of the synchronous machine.
- the three measurements made by the Hall effect sensors are preferably made in advance with respect to the axis of the coils of the stator phases of the synchronous machine.
- a fourth aspect of the control method and as a variant of the third aspect of the method, it is possible to determine empirically beforehand the values of the delay to be applied for each speed of rotation of the synchronous machine from measurements made on a current test bench. input of the inverter, the input voltage of the inverter and the speed of the synchronous machine.
- the delay is thus determined automatically and optimized based on power measurements and / or harmonics of the current consumed at the input of the control inverter or the synchronous machine.
- the power and / or harmonic measurements can be performed either by measuring instruments or by measuring means available on the control inverter. Thus, during product acceptance tests, several calibration angles are tested in order to find the angle that makes it possible to meet the criteria set for the power and / or the harmonics at the input of the control inverter or of the machine. synchronous.
- the wedging angle can be modified to meet the acceptance criteria
- the acceptance criteria may be:
- the method may comprise a selection of the value of the delay as a function of the speed of rotation of the synchronous machine, the selection being made from a table of values of delay as a function of the speed of rotation of the synchronous machine stored in a memory.
- the invention also relates to a control system of a permanent magnet synchronous machine comprising a permanent magnet rotor and a three-phase stator, the machine being associated with a stator control inverter of the synchronous machine, and the system comprising three Hall effect sensors of the control means coupled at the output of said sensors and configured to receive the three measurement signals made simultaneously by the sensors, the three Hall effect sensors being mounted on the synchronous motor with permanent magnets so as to have a central sensor and two lateral sensors, the two lateral sensors being placed at 120 ° / p mechanical central sensor relative to the axis of rotation of the motor, p being the number of pole pairs of the synchronous machine, and the control means being configured to determine the position of the rotor from said three measurements and to control the control inverter according to the position of the rotor determined.
- control means comprise a signal processing module able to apply a time delay, that is to say a phase shift, on the three measured signals so that the control of the inverter control takes into account a variable desired pitch angle.
- the three Hall effect sensors are each positioned in advance with respect to the axis of one of the coils of the stator phases of the synchronous machine.
- the system further comprises a memory capable of storing a table of delay values as a function of the speed of rotation of the synchronous machine, the control means comprising a selection module capable of selecting the value of the delay to apply depending on the rotational speed of the motor.
- Another object of the invention is a variable speed fan comprising a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and a control inverter associated with the synchronous machine comprising a control system as defined above.
- FIG. 1 already described, presents an example of arrangement of the Hall effect sensors for a motor with four electric poles
- FIG. 2 already described, presents a signal graph of the Hall effect sensors for the four-pole motor of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 already described, represents a Fresnel diagram for a synchronous motor with permanent magnets
- FIG. 4 already described, shows a Fresnel diagram for a permanent magnet synchronous motor on which the stall angle is optimized to cancel the phase shift between the supply current of the synchronous machine delivered by the inverter and the force electromotive provided by the synchronous machine;
- FIG. 5 already described, presents an assembly diagram of the state of the art of a synchronous machine equipped with Hall effect sensors mounted so as to mechanically perform the wedging angle;
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a permanent magnet synchronous machine with a control system of the machine according to one embodiment of the invention. Detailed description of embodiments
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a permanent magnet synchronous machine equipped with a control system of the machine according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the synchronous machine with permanent magnets 1 is controlled by an inverter 2 input coupled to a power source 3.
- the inverter 2 is here a three-phase inverter having three upper arms and three lower arms.
- Each arm of the inverter comprises at least one switch, for example an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
- the synchronous machine 1 comprises a rotor 4 with permanent magnets with four poles, two north poles N and two south poles S, and a stator 5 provided with three phases each associated with an arm of the inverter 2, each phase comprising two windings 5a. , 5b or 5c diametrically opposed.
- the angular sectors of the rotor 4 are defined by the six windings 5a, 5b, 5c of the stator. At each of the arms of the inverter 2, an angular sector of the rotor 4 is associated, and the rotor 4 thus traverses six sectors.
- Hall effect sensors 6a, 6b and 6c are used, each disposed at 120 ° electrical from each other, that is to say at 60 ° mechanical . These sensors 6a to 6c can determine the input of the rotor 4 in a sector.
- a control system is provided with the Hall effect sensors 6a, 6b and 6c and a control device 7 connected to the inverter 2.
- the control device 7 can be implemented at the same time. embedded computer, for example within a programmable chip of the FPGA type.
- the device 7 is connected to the Hall effect sensors 6a, 6b, 6c mounted on the synchronous machine 1 and is configured to recover the measurement signals delivered by the Hall effect sensors 6a to 6c relative to the position of the rotor 4.
- the control device 7 comprises a signal processing module 8 able to apply a time delay, that is to say a temporal phase shift, on the three measured signals for the control of the control inverter to take account of the a desired angle of adjustment variable, in particular depending on the speed of operation of the synchronous machine 1, that is to say according to the speed of rotation of the rotor 4.
- each of the three Hall effect sensors 6a to 6c is positioned in advance with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotor 4 and with respect to the axis of rotation.
- the radius formed by the axis of rotation of the rotor 4 with an effect sensor Hall, 6a for example is offset with respect to the axis formed by the axis of rotation of the rotor 4 with the coil 5a to which the sensor is associated at a certain angle in the trigonometrical direction.
- the signal processing module 8 Before determining the position of the rotor 4, the signal processing module 8 applies to each of the received signals an angular phase shift corresponding to a time delay whose value depends on the value of the speed of rotation of the rotor 4.
- the temporal phase shift applied makes it possible to modify the control of the control inverter 2 as a function of a desired angle of adjustment. Since the setting angle can be modified as a function of the rotational speed of the rotor 4, it is possible to have the control inverter 2 of the synchronous machine always commanded under optimal conditions.
- the values of the delay to be applied as a function of the speed are determined during a pre-adjustment phase of the synchronous machine, either on a test bench based on measurements of the input current of the inverter, the input voltage of the inverter, the inverter and the speed of the synchronous motor, either from preliminary calculations made from the following equation giving, in seconds, the values of the delay to be applied for each value of the speed of rotation of the synchronous machine:
- the control device 7 further comprises a memory 9 configured to store a table of the delay values thus determined as a function of the speed of rotation of the synchronous machine 1.
- the memory 9 could be external to the control device 7.
- the control device 7 furthermore comprises a selection module 10 making it possible, during the operation of the synchronous machine 1, to select the value of the delay to be applied to the measurement signals received as a function of the speed of rotation of the rotor 4 to control the control inverter 2 so as to obtain optimum performance.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1561249A FR3044185B1 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2015-11-23 | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS AND CORRESPONDING DEVICE |
PCT/FR2016/053049 WO2017089697A1 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2016-11-22 | Method for controlling a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and corresponding device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3381121A1 true EP3381121A1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
Family
ID=55361675
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16815588.5A Withdrawn EP3381121A1 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2016-11-22 | Method for controlling a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and corresponding device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10574159B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3381121A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108450052B (en) |
FR (1) | FR3044185B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017089697A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3086474B1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-12-04 | Safran Electrical & Power | STARTING PROCEDURE FOR A SYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS |
CN110955936B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2023-05-23 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞行自动控制研究所 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor angular position sensor pole pair number matching design method |
CN114076115B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2023-06-09 | 广东美的环境电器制造有限公司 | Oscillating positioning structure, resetting method and device, electric fan and readable storage medium |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4577139A (en) * | 1983-08-30 | 1986-03-18 | Ebm Elektrobau Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. | Commutatorless D.C. motor with three-strand full-pitched stator winding |
EP0913028A1 (en) * | 1997-05-15 | 1999-05-06 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | Electronically commutated engine |
US6433503B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-08-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho | Synchronous motors and control circuits therefor |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6137251A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-10-24 | S/L Montivideo Technology, Inc. | Brushless DC motor controller with speed control from zero to above based speed |
EP1837724B1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-10-28 | L.G.L. Electronics S.p.A. | Positive yarn feeder for textile machines, with feedback-controlled synchronous motor |
JP5140794B2 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2013-02-13 | 伊東電機株式会社 | Brushless motor drive control device, brushless motor system, mower, roller system, transport device, and winding device |
CN100517945C (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-07-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Low-speed highly precise control system for magnetic suspending flying wheel electromotor based on n Hall sensors |
US8633662B2 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2014-01-21 | Standard Microsystems Corporation | Drive method to minimize vibration and acoustics in three phase brushless DC (TPDC) motors |
US10234165B2 (en) * | 2012-07-21 | 2019-03-19 | Zhongshan Broad-Ocean Motor Co., Ltd. | HVAC control system for household central air conditioning |
CN102882449B (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2015-06-03 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Hall position sensor-based position estimation and compensation method for permanent magnet synchronous motor |
CN104201947B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2017-06-30 | 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 | Driving method and device, electrical equipment |
-
2015
- 2015-11-23 FR FR1561249A patent/FR3044185B1/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-11-22 WO PCT/FR2016/053049 patent/WO2017089697A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-11-22 US US15/777,933 patent/US10574159B2/en active Active
- 2016-11-22 CN CN201680068353.2A patent/CN108450052B/en active Active
- 2016-11-22 EP EP16815588.5A patent/EP3381121A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4577139A (en) * | 1983-08-30 | 1986-03-18 | Ebm Elektrobau Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. | Commutatorless D.C. motor with three-strand full-pitched stator winding |
EP0913028A1 (en) * | 1997-05-15 | 1999-05-06 | Papst-Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | Electronically commutated engine |
US6433503B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-08-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho | Synchronous motors and control circuits therefor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2017089697A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108450052B (en) | 2021-11-02 |
US20180351487A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
CN108450052A (en) | 2018-08-24 |
US10574159B2 (en) | 2020-02-25 |
FR3044185A1 (en) | 2017-05-26 |
WO2017089697A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
FR3044185B1 (en) | 2018-11-16 |
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