EP3374069B1 - Vorrichtung und entsprechendes verfahren zur dispersion von gas in flüssigkeiten - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und entsprechendes verfahren zur dispersion von gas in flüssigkeiten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3374069B1
EP3374069B1 EP16820326.3A EP16820326A EP3374069B1 EP 3374069 B1 EP3374069 B1 EP 3374069B1 EP 16820326 A EP16820326 A EP 16820326A EP 3374069 B1 EP3374069 B1 EP 3374069B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
phase fluid
area
head
piston
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Application number
EP16820326.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3374069A1 (de
Inventor
Maurizio Frati
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SIAD Societa Italiana Acetilene e Derivati SpA
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SIAD Societa Italiana Acetilene e Derivati SpA
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Priority to SI201631492T priority Critical patent/SI3374069T1/sl
Priority claimed from PCT/IB2016/056721 external-priority patent/WO2017081608A1/en
Publication of EP3374069A1 publication Critical patent/EP3374069A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B01F23/2323—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4337—Mixers with a diverging-converging cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/441—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits
    • B01F25/4413—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits the slits being formed between opposed conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/442—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation
    • B01F25/4422—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation the surfaces being maintained in a fixed but adjustable position, spaced from each other, therefore allowing the slit spacing to be varied
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/442—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation
    • B01F25/4423—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation the surfaces being part of a valve construction, formed by opposed members in contact, e.g. automatic positioning caused by spring pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
    • B01F35/21—Measuring
    • B01F35/211—Measuring of the operational parameters
    • B01F35/2113—Pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
    • B01F35/22—Control or regulation
    • B01F35/2201—Control or regulation characterised by the type of control technique used
    • B01F35/2209—Controlling the mixing process as a whole, i.e. involving a complete monitoring and controlling of the mixing process during the whole mixing cycle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to the technical field of the mixing and dispersion of gas in liquids and more particularly its object is an innovative device and a corresponding method, both intended to improve the mixing and/or the dispersion of gas or mixtures of gas in liquids, with the latter to be considered in the broader sense of the term therefore comprising, purely by way of a non-limiting example, drinks, process liquids, effluent, sludge, food pastes and other types, mousses, foams, etc.
  • the device and the method of the invention allow the gaseous phase to be distributed and dispersed finely and homogeneously, in the form of gas bubbles with dimensions of the order of ⁇ m, in the liquid phase, so as to obtain a high surface of interface between liquid and gas and therefore encourage the subsequent transfer of material between the two phases.
  • the device and the method of the invention can be advantageously applied, without thereby wanting to limit the field of application thereof or their general nature, in order to mix:
  • these methods can be based on the use of static mixers, as described by the patents US 3,923,288 and EP 0 121 342 A2 , or can be intended to create mainly effects of turbulence, in the flow of the two-phase fluid, in turn obtained by sudden lowerings of pressure due to special geometries and configurations of the areas traversed by the same flow of the two-phase liquid, as described by the patents US 2008/0140261 A1 , DE 20209039 U1 , US 3,179,385 A , EP 1359997 A2 , EP 2492002 A1 .
  • a first object of the present invention is to propose and make a device and a corresponding method, for the dispersion and mixing of gas in liquids, which meet the aforesaid needs felt in the industry, and in particular allow, in the most widely differing working conditions wherein the device and the method are applied, an easy regulation and control of the dimensions of the gas bubbles and of their homogeneous mixing in the liquid phase.
  • a second object, in any case connected to the first, of the present invention is also that of proposing and making a device and a corresponding method for the dispersion and mixing of gas in liquids which significantly improves the results that can be obtained with respect to the devices and methods currently known and in use, in particular in terms of a higher degree of micronisation of the gas bubbles in the liquid.
  • the present invention achieves and improves the dispersion and mixing of a gas in a liquid through the activation in the two-phase fluid, i.e. gas-liquid, both of turbulent movements and of a system of shear stresses and forces, in turn produced by one or more sudden lowerings, or jumps, of pressure, and also by particular geometric configurations of the mechanical components and parts in contact with the flow of the two-phase fluid.
  • the starting point of the present invention is the consideration that if the value or the values of the jump or jumps in pressure, whereto the flow of the two-phase fluid is subject, remains/remain constant albeit in the presence of variations in the rate of flow of the two-phase fluid, the energy also does not vary and therefore remains substantially constant, per unit of two-phase fluid, which is associated with the variation of pressure present in the same flow of the two-phase fluid and is transferred to the unit of two-phase fluid.
  • the device and the method of the invention allow advantageously this jump in pressure ⁇ P to be maintained constant, also when the rate of the two-phase flow varies, without resorting to the usual and conventional systems and rings of regulation, adopted in the prior art, usually achieved by means of measurements of the pressure of the two-phase fluid and the actuation, on the basis of the pressure values measured, of electric-pneumatic valves, with the consequent negative effects and the relative problems due to the inevitable transient regimes of regulation.
  • the device and the method of the invention being apt to keep effectively under control the features of mixing of the gas in the liquid also in the presence of variations of the liquid-gas two-phase flow, allow the elimination or at least the minimisation of the effects of the transient regimes which occur when regulations are performed.
  • the device and the method of the invention can find an advantageous application in many industrial processes, including, merely by way of a non-limiting example, mention of carbonation and subsequent bottling of drinks, wherein the faults during filling of the bottles can also be frequent and reflect in effects and actions which vary the flow rate, also suddenly, of the gassed drink which feeds the bottling system.
  • the device and the method of the invention by appropriately controlling the jump in pressure ⁇ P and in particular maintaining it constantly conforming to a given value, as specified previously, allow advantageously the maintaining and the effectively keeping under control of the constancy of the features of the gas bubbles, i.e. of CO2, which are mixed and dispersed in the drink, therefore also the constancy of the optimal conditions of mixing, so as to control also the features of the end product.
  • a device, according to the present invention, intended to improve the dispersion and mixing of gas in liquids, is denoted overall by 10.
  • the device 10 of the invention is part of and is inserted in a wider working or plant context, as part whereof the device 10 operates and receives a flow of a two-phase fluid denoted by (L+G), that is comprising a liquid or liquid phase L and a gas or gaseous phase G which is fed in the liquid phase L in an upstream area of the device 10, as indicated by an arrow, so as to form the two-phase fluid (L+G).
  • L+G a two-phase fluid denoted by (L+G)
  • the lines for feeding the liquid L and the gas G are also provided with appropriate members of movement, control and regulation of the liquid phase L and of the gaseous one G, in themselves known and therefore, for reasons of simplicity, not shown and indicated in Fig. 1 .
  • the use stage UT can be constituted, as already specified, by a plant for bottling gassed drinks, which receives and uses the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G)' supplied by the device 10 of the invention, wherein, for the purpose of proper functioning of the bottling plant, the regulation member OR is used to regulate appropriately the feeding of the liquid L so as to maintain constant or in general keep under control the level of the drink in the use stage UT, where the gassed drink is bottled.
  • the regulation member OR is used to regulate appropriately the feeding of the liquid L so as to maintain constant or in general keep under control the level of the drink in the use stage UT, where the gassed drink is bottled.
  • the regulation member OR can also be positioned downstream of the preliminary mixing stage MP or of the mixer device 10 of the invention.
  • the preliminary mixing stage MP represents only one possibility and is therefore to be referred to one of the many possible applications of the invention, also not being possibly necessary according, mainly, to the viscosity, density and surface tension of the liquid L, and the features of the two-phase fluid required.
  • the function of the preliminary mixing stage MP is essentially that of mixing the gas G in the liquid L in a preliminary and coarse way, with the formation of bubbles also of medium-large dimensions, up to a few mm, provided they are distributed in a sufficiently homogeneous manner in the liquid L, for the sole purpose of allowing the mixer device 10, the object of the invention, to operate in optimal conditions.
  • this preliminary mixing stage MP provided to perform a preliminary mixing of the gas in the liquid, has the purpose of avoiding the undesired pulsations of a part, constituted by a mixing element and configured as a piston sliding axially, of the device 10 of the invention, as will be illustrated in greater detail here below, when describing the functioning thereof.
  • Fig. 1 a single device 10 of the invention is shown and indicated, even if two or even more devices 10 may be required and necessary, placed in series, as a function of the specific application and of the features of the liquid L and of the flow of the two-phase fluid, similarly to how it is already specified in relation to the preliminary mixing stage MP.
  • Fig. 2 shows in greater detail the parts of the device 10 of the invention.
  • the device 10 of the invention is apt to receive in input the flow of the two-phase fluid, shown with an arrow and denoted by (L+G), comprising therefore a liquid phase L and a gaseous phase G dispersed in the liquid phase L and for example coming from a preliminary mixing stage MP as described previously with reference to Fig. 1 , and to supply at the outlet a corresponding flow of two-phase fluid, again indicated by an arrow and denoted by (L+G)', wherein the gaseous phase G has been appropriately dispersed and micronized in the liquid phase L during the passage of the two-phase fluid (L+G) through the device 10, as described in greater detail here below.
  • the device 10 of the invention comprises:
  • the outer body 11, defining the conduit 11' extends in a longitudinal direction along the main axis X of the device 10 and is composed of two parts, 11-1 and 11-2 respectively, each one constituted by a single part, connected one to the other at the head in a known manner, for example by means of a threaded sleeve 11-3.
  • the first part 11-1 of the body 11 is in turn made up of a first portion 11-1a, with hollow truncated cylinder shape, corresponding to the inlet area of the device 10; a second union portion 11-1b, with conical shape along an angle ⁇ ; and a third portion 11-1c, again with hollow truncated cylinder shape, of greater diameter than the first portion 11-1a.
  • the second part 11-2 of the body 11 in turn is constituted by a first portion 11-2a, with hollow truncated cylinder shape, directly connected to the third portion 11-1c of the first part 11-1 of the body 11 by means of the threaded sleeve 11-3; a second union portion 11-2b, with conical shape; and a third portion 11-2c, corresponding to the outlet area of the device 10, again with hollow truncated cylinder shape, of smaller diameter than the first portion 11-2a.
  • the first portion 11-1a of the first part 11-1 of the body 11 and the third portion 11-2c of the second part 11-2 of the body 11, corresponding respectively to the inlet area of the conduit 11' of the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G) and to the area of outlet from the conduit 11' of the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G)', after the passage through the device 10, are associated with known connection means, denoted by 15, for example in the form of threaded sleeves, apt to connect tightly the body 11 of the device 10, on the one side, with the feed conduit CA which feeds the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G) to the device 10, and, on the other side, with the conduit which receives the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G)', after it has been appropriately mixed by passing through the device 10, to convey it towards the utility UT.
  • the mixing element 13 of the mixer 12 is in turn constituted by a head 13a, apt to receive and intercept the two-phase fluid (L+G) which enters and flows in the conduit 11', and a piston 13b, in one part and integral with the head 13a, wherein this piston 13b is housed and axially sliding, along the axis X of the device 10, in a guide 14 defined by the body 11.
  • a head 13a apt to receive and intercept the two-phase fluid (L+G) which enters and flows in the conduit 11'
  • a piston 13b in one part and integral with the head 13a, wherein this piston 13b is housed and axially sliding, along the axis X of the device 10, in a guide 14 defined by the body 11.
  • the head 13a of the mixing element 13, shown schematically in Fig. 2 with a cylindrical body of diameter greater than the diameter of the piston 13b, is apt to co-operate, sliding axially, with the inner conical surface, denoted by 11-1b', of the second conical portion 11-1b of the first part 11-1 of the outer body 11 of the device 10, so as to define a passage opening or section, denoted by B, of the two-phase fluid (L+G) from the upstream area to that downstream of the same head 13a.
  • This passage opening or section B defined between the head 13a of the mixing element 13 and the inner conical surface 11-1b' of the conduit 11', is such as to entail a jump in pressure in the flow of two-phase fluid (L+G) through the device 10, as explained in greater detail here below describing the functioning of the device 10.
  • the configuration of the device 10 further comprises a passage, denoted by 17 and shown in Figs. 2 and 3 , part of the conduit 11' defined inside the body 11, wherein this passage 17 places in communication the inlet area and the outlet area of the same conduit 11' so as to ensure an adequate flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G) through the device 10; and a further and other passage, denoted by 18, having the function of placing in communication the area of the guide 14, which houses slidably the piston 13b of the mixing element 13, with further and essential parts, described here below, of the device 10.
  • the head 13a and the piston 13b which make up the mixing element 13 are configured so as to be subjected, from one side, in the flow direction of the two-phase fluid (L+G) through the device 10, to a first pressure, denoted by P1, present in the two-phase fluid (L+G) in the area, denoted by A1, immediately upstream of the head 13a of the mixing element 13, and, from another side and in the opposite direction, both to a second pressure, denoted by P2, present in the two-phase fluid (L+G) in the area, denoted by A2, immediately downstream of the head 13a of the mixing element 13, and to a third pressure or force, denoted by Pp, acting on a face of the piston 13b of the mixing element 13, in the area, denoted by A3, of the guide 14.
  • Detection or sensor means are also provided, schematised with a small ball in Fig. 2 , apt to detect the pressure P1 present in the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G) in the upstream area A1 of the head 13a of the mixing element 13, the pressure P2 present in the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G) in the downstream area A2 of the same head 13a, and the pressure Pp present in the area A3 adjacent to and limited by the guide 14 which houses slidably the piston 13b.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically the forces F1, F2, Fp which, through the effect respectively of the pressures P1, P2 present in the two-phase fluid (L+G) respectively in the upstream area A1 and downstream area A2 of the head 13a, co-operating with the inner conical surface 11-1b' of the portion 11-1b of the body 11, and of the pressure Pp present in the area A3 of the guide 14 which houses slidably the piston 13b, act in opposite directions along the axis X on the mixing element 13 and therefore govern the functioning of the device 10 of the invention.
  • the forces F1 and F2 act on opposite sides on the head 13a of the mixing element 13, the first in the same direction of the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G) through the device 10 and the second in the opposite direction, while the force Fp acts, on the face of the piston 13b facing the guide 14, in the direction opposite to that of the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G).
  • the device 10 of the invention acquires the capacity to improve and increase the dispersion and mixing of the gaseous phase G in the liquid phase L of the two-phase fluid (L+G) which flows through the conduit 11' of the device 10 and thereby reduce the size of the gas bubbles dispersed in this two-phase fluid, as will be explained in greater detail here below when describing the functioning of the device 10.
  • control means 20 are made up of a mechanism or device, schematised in Fig. 5 , which completes the configuration of the device 10 and allows proper functioning thereof in order to improve and increase the dispersion of the gaseous phase G in the liquid phase L of the two-phase fluid (L+G) which flows through the same device 10, wherein this mechanism 20 is composed of:
  • these conduits 23 and 24 allow and have the function of feeding and extracting selectively the gas G1 into or from the box 21, so as to maintain in the same box 21 a pressure value suitable for the proper functioning of the device 10 in order to control the dispersion of the gaseous phase G in the liquid phase of the two-phase fluid (L+G) which flows through the device 10.
  • the gas G1 which fills the box 21 can also be the same gas G that is dispersed and mixed in the liquid L by means of the device 10 of the invention.
  • the efficacy of this functioning that is to say the capacity of the device 10 for improving the dispersion and mixing of the gaseous phase G in the liquid phase L of the two-phase fluid (L+G) which flows through the same device 10, is based and depends in turn, as already anticipated and will be made clear here below by the description, on the proper control of the mixing element 13 by control means 20, so as to maintain constant or at least within a given range of variation, during variation of the operating conditions wherein the device 10 operates, for example during variation of the flow rate of the two-phase fluid (L+G) and/or of the pressure P2 in the downstream area of the head 13a of the mixing element 13, the difference in pressure between the pressure P1 present in the two-phase fluid (L+G) in the upstream area A1 of the head 13a of the mixing element 13, that is upstream of the passage opening or section B of the two-phase fluid (L+G) defined between the head 13a of the mixing element 13 and the inner surface 11-1b' of the conduit 11', and the pressure P2 present in
  • the mixing element 12 being hit by the flow of the two-phase fluid (L+G), is subject to slide axially with the piston 12b in the guide 14.
  • this sliding of the piston 13b along the respective guide 14 also varies the position of the head 13a of the mixing element 13 with respect to the inner surface, denoted by 11-1b' in Figs. 2 and 4 , of the conical union 11-lb of the body 11, i.e. of the conduit 11', and this variation varies also the breadth of the passage section B, between the head 13a and this inner surface 11-1b' of the conical union 11-1b, which is traversed by the two-phase fluid (L+G) coming from the area A1 upstream of the head 13a.
  • L+G two-phase fluid
  • FIG. 4A shows schematically the area of this passage opening or section B, defined between the head 13a of the mixing element 13 and the inner surface 11-1b' of the conical union 11-1b, i.e. of the conduit 11', wherein the axial sliding of the head 13a along the axis X which determines the variation of the passage opening B is indicated by a double arrow and shown with dotted and dashed line.
  • the head 13a of the mixing element 13 takes on a position, with respect to the conical union 11-1b, such that the various forces applied to the mixing element 13 are balanced, that is the resultant of the forces applied to the mixing element 13 is equal to zero, wherein this position of equilibrium, assumed by the mixing element 13, corresponds to a given free section, between the head 13a and the conical surface 11-1b', which allows the passage of the flow of two-phase fluid (L+G) coming from the upstream area A1 of the head 13a.
  • the mixing element 13 is subject to the following three forces, which are balanced, acting along the axis X of the device 10, that is in the direction of the axial movement of the mixing element 13:
  • this mechanism 20 comprising, as described previously, a box 21 of appropriate capacity, which contains a gas G1 such as for example air and is connected by means of the conduits 18 and 22, formed in continuation one of the other, to the area A3 of the guide 14 in which the mixing element 13 slides, controls appropriately the pressure Pp by the feeding/extraction of gas into /from the box 21.
  • a gas G1 such as for example air
  • the conduits 18 and 22 formed in continuation one of the other
  • the feeding of gas in the box 21 is performed by means of the conduit 23, associated with the pressure reducer 26, while the extraction of gas from the box 21 is performed via the conduit 24, associated with the overflow valve 27, wherein these two conduits 23 and 24 can be associated with further members of regulation and control in themselves known.
  • control means 20 perform the function of controlling the pressure Pp of the gas G1, acting on the piston 13b in the area A3 of the guide 14, so as to maintain constant and conforming to a given value, appropriately established, the difference between the pressure Pp and the pressure P2 of the two-phase fluid (L+G) in the downstream area A2 of the head 13, or at least so as to maintain this difference within a given range of variation defined by the tolerance which is allowed and admissible in order to obtain further a good and optimal degree of solubilisation, that is of dispersion and mixing of the gaseous phase in the liquid phase of the two-phase fluid which flows through the device 10.
  • control means 20 activate selectively, on the basis of the values of the pressure P1 and P2 which is present in the two-phase fluid (L+G) which flows in the areas A1 and A2 respectively upstream and downstream of the head 13a of the mixing element 13, and on the basis of the value of the pressure Pp which is present in the area A3 adjacent to the guide 14, as detected by the special pressure sensors included in the device 10, the valves 26 and 27, associated with the conduits 23 and 24, so as to feed or extract the gas G1 from the box 21 and consequently control the pressure Pp, in the area A3 of the guide 14, so as to maintain the difference (Pp-P2) within the required range, as illustrated previously.
  • ⁇ P (P1-P2)
  • control means 20 in practice never have to intervene except, solely, to maintain constant the value of the pressure Pp of the gas G1 in the area of the guide 14 which houses slidably the piston 13b.
  • the device 10 can be applied and operate in different working contexts and situations, in which the functioning of the device 10 is governed by the formulas illustrated previously.
  • the device 10 can be associated with an isobaric bottling plant of gassed drinks, where the pressure in the utility UT, as schematised in Fig. 1 and coinciding with the head of the bottling machine, remains constant during operation, or the device 10 can be used for the extraction or stripping of gases dissolved in a liquid, wherein in this application the utility UT fed by the device 10 is made up of a tank kept at constant pressure.
  • the sealed sliding coupling between the piston 13b and the respective slide guide 14 can be advantageously formed, using known methods and techniques, such as to allow the device 10 to operate without the intervention of the pressure regulators 26, 27.
  • Fig. 6 shows a variant or second preferred embodiment, denoted by 110, of the mixer device of the invention, wherein the parts corresponding to those included in the first preferred embodiment 10, previously described and shown in Fig. 2 , will be denoted for reasons of clarity with the same reference numerals.
  • this second embodiment 110 of the device of the invention corresponding also to a second mode of functioning with respect to that already described with reference to the device 10, the force which is applied to the piston 13b, in the area A3 limited by the respective guide 14, is determined, instead of the mechanism 20, that is by the pressure of a gas, by a spring, denoted by 50, which is housed in the area of this guide 14 and is configured so as to vary, during the axial movement of sliding of the piston 13b along the guide 14, the intensity of the force applied by the same spring 50 to the piston 13b, in order to allow the proper functioning of the device 110 to improve the mixing and the dispersion of the gas G in the liquid L of the two-phase fluid (L+G) which flows through the device 110.
  • the mechanism 20 that is by the pressure of a gas, by a spring, denoted by 50, which is housed in the area of this guide 14 and is configured so as to vary, during the axial movement of sliding of the piston 13b along the guide 14, the intensity of the force applied by the same spring 50 to
  • this second embodiment 110 shown in Fig. 6 , by appropriately dimensioning the spring 50 and selecting its elastic characteristic, as also by configuring in an appropriate manner the geometry of the device 110, it is possible to succeed in obtaining the same working features and performances of the first embodiment 10 of the device of the invention, shown in Figs. 2 and 4 , in order to improve the mixing and dispersion of gas G in a liquid L in a flow of a two-phase fluid (L+G).
  • the spring 50 is selected and dimensioned in such a way that, during the functioning of the device 110, the value of the elasticity constant of the spring 50 multiplied by the stroke of the sliding piston 13b is such as to entail a corresponding variation of the elastic force applied by the spring 50 on the same piston 13b within the range required, so as to ensure the proper functioning of the device 110 to improve the dispersion of the gaseous phase G in the two-phase liquid (L+G) which flows through the device 110.
  • this second embodiment 110 of the device of the invention comprises a perforated ring nut, denoted by 51 in Fig. 6 , which is coupled to the guide 14 by means of a threading or with other similar systems, in which this threaded coupling has the function of allowing the regulation, by screwing varyingly the ring nut in the guide 14, of the length of the spring 50 when assembling the device 110, and therefore of regulating the force applied by the same spring 50 to the piston 13b.
  • the hole formed in the ring nut 51 has the purpose of allowing the free circulation, during the axial movements of the piston 13b, of the two-phase fluid (L+G) between the area A3 of the guide 14 which houses the spring 50 and the area wherein the two-phase fluid (L+G) flows through the device 110.
  • the present invention achieves in full the objects set, and in particular provides a new and innovative device, which can be integrated in a wider working context, apt to receive a flow of a two-phase fluid, that is comprising a liquid phase and a gaseous phase, and to improve and keep effectively under control the mixing and dispersion, in this two-phase flow, of the gaseous phase in the liquid one.
  • the head 13a of the mixing element 13 has been, for reasons of simplicity, schematised with a body of cylindrical shape, yet naturally other shapes and configurations are possible, always coming within the concept of the invention, both of this head and of the surface 11-1b' of the internal conduit 11', defined by the body 11 of the device 10, with which it cooperates in order to define the passage section B of the two-phase fluid (L+G) from the upstream area to the downstream area of the head 13a.
  • the sliding mixing element head has geometric features such as sharp edges or various rough parts, apt to encourage turbulence, the shear forces and the dispersion of the gas in the liquid.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 show in detail the device 10 in the area of the head 13a of the mixing element 13, and in particular two different embodiments of this area and of the head 13a, in turn co-operating with the inner surface 11-1b' of the conduit 11' defined by the body 11 of the device 10, wherein these two embodiments of the head 13a are denoted respectively by 13a' and 13a" in Figs. 7 and 8 .
  • the head 13a' of the mixing element 13 has a conical shape apt to co-operate with the inner conical surface of the second portion 11-1b of the first part 11-1 of the body 1.
  • this head 13a' exhibits, along a circumferential area at the base of its conical shape, a plurality of geometrical rough parts, denoted by 25, of various types, for example in the form of grooves, knurls, cuts, etc., which have the function of encouraging the turbulence of the two-phase fluid which flows through the device 10 and the shear forces whereto the same two-phase fluid is subject, and therefore improve the dispersion and mixing of the gas in the liquid.
  • the head 13a" of the mixing element 13 has again a conical shape, yet which is smooth and without grooves and other geometrical rough parts, and is also apt to co-operate with an edge defined by the inner surface of the conduit 11' along which the two-phase fluid (L+G) flows through the device 10.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 show two further variants in which, without undermining the general nature of the concept of the invention, the mixing element 13 is specifically composed of two heads, denoted by 13c' and 13c", which are placed along the axis of the piston 13b of the mixing element 13, wherein these two heads 13' and 13c" are apt to co-operate by sliding axially, in a similar manner to how it is illustrated for the preceding embodiments, with the inner conical surface of the conduit 11' wherein the two-phase fluid (L+G) flows.
  • the two heads 13c' and 13c" of the mixing element 13 co-operate with a common conical surface 11-1b' defined by the conduit 11', that is by the conical portion 11-1b of the body 11.
  • the two heads 13c' and 13c" of the mixing element 13 co-operate with two respective conical surfaces, separate, denoted by 11-1d' and 11-1d", defined by the conduit 11'.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 are configured so as to divide the total or overall jump in pressure ⁇ Ptot into two separate areas along the conduit 11', that is between the two upstream and downstream areas of the first head 13c' and between the two upstream and downstream areas of the second head 13c".
  • Fig. 9 has such a geometry and such a configuration whereby, during the functioning of the device 10, the passage openings or sections B and B1, between the two heads 13c' and 13c" and the conical surface 11-1b' of the conduit 11' with which the two heads 13c' and 13c" co-operate, are different one from the other, wherein the difference between these two openings B and Bl depends on the distance d1 between the two heads 13c' and 13c" along the axis of the mixing element 13.
  • Fig. 10 has a geometry and a configuration in which the two heads 13c' and 13c" are identical, as also the conicities of the inner surfaces 11-1d' and 11-1d", so as to define identical passage openings or sections B and B1.
  • the device of the invention for the dispersion of gas in liquids can advantageously be associated with systems of insulation having the function of isolating it thermally in an appropriate manner with respect to the surrounding environment.
  • the device of the invention can be associated with an electronic control system, for example of the type comprising a PLC or a similar electronic unit, aimed at governing and controlling automatically the various phases of the functioning of the device for dispersing a gas in a liquid.
  • an electronic control system for example of the type comprising a PLC or a similar electronic unit, aimed at governing and controlling automatically the various phases of the functioning of the device for dispersing a gas in a liquid.

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Claims (12)

  1. Gerät (10; 110) zur Verbesserung der Dispersion und des Mischens von Gas in Flüssigkeiten, umfassend:
    - einen äußeren Körper (11, 11-1, 11-2), der sich entlang einer Achse (X) erstreckt und im Inneren eine Leitung (11') für den Fluss eines zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch das Gerät (10) definiert, das eine flüssige Phase (L) und eine in der flüssigen Phase (L) dispergierte gasförmige Phase (G) umfasst; und
    - mindestens einen Mischer (12), der in dem Körper (11, 11-1, 11-2) zwischen einem Einlassabschnitt (11-la) und einem Auslassabschnitt (11-2c) der Leitung (11') angeordnet ist und seinerseits ein Mischglied oder -element (13) umfasst, das entlang der Achse (X) des Körpers (11) verschiebbar ist, um das zweiphasige Fluid ((L+G)), das durch die Leitung (11') fließt, zu unterbrechen und mit ihm zusammenzuwirken,
    wobei das Mischelement (13) seinerseits umfasst:
    - einen Kopf (13a), der geeignet ist, das zweiphasige Fluid ((L+G)), das in die Leitung (11') eintritt, aufzunehmen und zu unterbrechen, wobei der Kopf (13a) geeignet ist, durch axiales Gleiten aufgrund des Drucks des zweiphasigen Fluids (L+G) mit der Innenfläche (11-1b') der Leitung (11') zusammenzuwirken, um einen Öffnungs- oder Durchgangsabschnitt (B) zu definieren und zu variieren, was einen Drucksprung (ΔP = (P1-P2)) des Flusses des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch das Gerät (10) zur Folge hat, und
    - einen Kolben (13b), der mit dem Kopf (13a) fest verbunden ist und axial entlang einer Führung (14) gleitet, die durch den Körper (11) des Geräts (10) definiert ist,
    wobei das Mischelement (13) so konfiguriert ist, dass es von einer Seite in der Richtung des Flusses des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch das Gerät (10) einem ersten Druck oder einer ersten Kraft (P1, F1) ausgesetzt ist, der/die in dem zweiphasigen Fluid ((L+G)) in dem Bereich (A1) unmittelbar stromaufwärts des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13), also stromaufwärts des Durchgangsabschnitts (B), vorhanden ist, und von einer anderen Seite und in der entgegengesetzten Richtung sowohl einem zweiten Druck oder einer zweiten Kraft (P2, F2), der/die in dem zweiphasigen Fluid ((L+G)) in dem Bereich (A2) unmittelbar stromabwärts des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13), d.h. stromabwärts des Durchgangsabschnitts (B), vorhanden ist, als auch einem dritten Druck oder einer dritten Kraft (Pp, Fp), der/die in dem Bereich (A3) der jeweiligen Führung (14) auf eine Stirnfläche (Sp) des Kolbens (13b) des Mischelements (13) wirkt;
    wobei das Gerät (10) weiter Steuermittel (20; 50) umfasst, die mit dem Mischer (12) und dem jeweiligen Mischelement (13) assoziiert sind, um den dritten Druck oder die dritte Kraft (Pp) zu steuern, der/die auf den Kolben (13b) im Bereich der jeweiligen Führung (14) wirkt, um so während der Veränderung der Betriebsbedingungen des Geräts (10), und typischerweise, aber nicht ausschließlich des Durchflusses des zweiphasigen Fluids (L+G), das durch dasselbe Gerät (10) fließt, die Druckdifferenz (ΔP=(P1-P2)), die dem Drucksprung in dem Durchgangsabschnitt (B) entspricht, der durch den Kopf (13a) des gleitenden Mischelements (13) im Zusammenwirken mit der Oberfläche (11-1b') der Leitung (11') definiert ist, zwischen dem Druck (P1) des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) in der stromaufwärts gelegenen Zone (A1) des Kopfes (13a) und dem Druck (P2) des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) in der stromabwärts gelegenen Zone (A2) des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13) im Laufe der Zeit bei einem gegebenen Wert oder zumindest innerhalb eines gegebenen Variationsbereichs zu halten, und die Dispersion und das Mischen der Gasphase (G) in der flüssigen Phase (L) des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)), das durch das Gerät (10) fließt, zu verbessern und zu erhöhen, sowie die Größe der in dem zweiphasigen Fluid ((L+G)') dispergierten Gasblasen zu verringern, indem der Wert der Druckdifferenz (ΔP=(P1-P2)) in geeigneter Weise unter Kontrolle gehalten wird;
    wobei die Innenfläche (11-1b') der Leitung (11'), mit der der Kopf (13a) des Mischers (12) durch axiales Gleiten zusammenwirken kann, eine konische Konfiguration aufweist, die Flussrichtung des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch die Leitung (11') divergiert, wobei der Kopf (13a) des Mischers (12) mit der Innenfläche (11-1b') der Leitung (11') zusammenwirkt und die konische divergierende Konfiguration aufweist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gerät (10; 110) weiterhin einen Durchgang (17) umfasst, der Teil der Leitung (11') ist und in dem Körper (11) definiert ist, für den Fluss des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch dasselbe Gerät (10), wobei der Durchgang (17) in dem Körper (11) separat von der Führung (14) des Kolbens (13b) ausgebildet ist, um einen Einlassbereich und einen Auslassbereich der Leitung (11') miteinander zu verbinden, die beide entlang der Achse (X) des äußeren Körpers (11, 11-1, 11-2) definiert sind und sich parallel zur Achse (X) des Körpers (11, 11-1, 11-2) über den Kolben (13b) hinaus erstrecken;
    - Detektionsmittel, die mit den Steuermitteln (20; 50) assoziiert sind, zum Detektieren des ersten (P1) und des zweiten (P2) Drucks des zweiphasigen Fluids (L+G), das durch das Gerät (10) strömt, im stromaufwärtigen Bereich (A1) bzw. im stromabwärtigen Bereich (A2) des Kopfes (13a) des gleitenden Mischelements (13) und zum Detektieren des dritten Drucks (Pp), der auf den Kolben (13b) des Mischelements (13) im Bereich (A3) der jeweiligen Führung (14) wirkt; und
    wobei die Steuermittel (20) umfassen:
    - ein Steuergerät (20), das mit dem Mischer (12) und dem jeweiligen Mischelement (13) assoziiert ist, um in Abhängigkeit von den Drücken (P1, P2, Pp), die von den Detektionsmitteln detektiert werden, den dritten Druck (Pp) zu steuern, der auf den Kolben (13b) des Mischelements (13) im Bereich (A3) der jeweiligen Führung (14) wirkt, um so während der Änderung der Betriebsbedingungen des Geräts (10) die Druckdifferenz (ΔP = (P1-P2)) zwischen dem Druck (P1) stromaufwärts und dem Druck (P2) stromabwärts des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13) in Übereinstimmung mit dem vorgegebenen Wert oder zumindest innerhalb des vorgegebenen Variationsbereichs zu halten.
  2. Gerät (10) zum Dispergieren und Mischen von Gas in Flüssigkeiten, gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Steuergerät (20) umfasst:
    - eine Box oder Kammer (21), die ein Fluid (G1) enthält;
    - eine Leitung (22), die eine Verbindung zwischen der Box (21) und dem Bereich (A3) der Führung (14) bereitstellt, die den Kolben (13b) des Mischelements (13) gleitend aufnimmt; und
    - mindestens eine Leitung oder Verbindung (23, 24), die mit der Box (21) in Verbindung steht und mit Steuermitteln, wie einem Druckregler (26, 27) oder einem Ventil oder ähnlichen Elementen, assoziiert ist, die geeignet sind, die Zufuhr und/oder Entnahme des Fluids (G1) in die und aus der Box (21) durch die Leitung (23, 24) zu regulieren und zu steuern;
    wobei, wenn die Detektionsmittel detektieren, dass die Druckdifferenz (Δ =(P1-P2)) zwischen dem Druck (P1) des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) im stromaufwärtigen Bereich (A1) des Kopfes (13a) und demjenigen (P2) im stromabwärtigen Bereich (A2) des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13) nicht dem vorgegebenen Wert entspricht oder nicht innerhalb des vorgegebenen Variationsbereichs liegt, das Steuergerät (20) konfiguriert ist, um die Einstellmittel (26, 27) selektiv zu aktivieren, um das Fluid, insbesondere Gas (G1),durch die mindestens eine Leitung (23, 24) zu/aus dem Gehäuse (21) zuzuführen oder zu entnehmen und dadurch im Bereich (A3) der Führung (14) des Kolbens (13b) des Mischelements (13) den dritten Druck oder die dritte Kraft (Pp, Fp), die auf denselben Kolben (13b) wirkt, so zu variieren, dass die Druckdifferenz (ΔP=(P1-P2)) aufrechterhalten wird, zwischen dem Druck (P1) des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) im stromaufwärts gelegenen Bereich (A1) des Kopfes (13a) und dem Druck (P2) im stromabwärts gelegenen Bereich (A2) des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13) aufrechtzuerhalten, der zeitlich konstant dem vorgegebenen Wert entspricht oder innerhalb des vorgegebenen Variationsbereichs liegt.
  3. Gerät (10) zum Dispergieren und Mischen von Gas in Flüssigkeiten nach Anspruch 2, bei dem eine Dichtungsflüssigkeit zwischen dem in der Box (21) enthaltenen Gas (G1) und dem Kolben (13b) des Mischelements (13) angeordnet ist, um die Dichtheit zwischen demselben Kolben (13b) und der jeweiligen Führung (14) zu gewährleisten, wobei die Dichtungsflüssigkeit dieselbe Flüssigkeit (L) ist, in der das Gas (G) mittels des Geräts (10) dispergiert und gemischt wird.
  4. Gerät (10) zum Dispergieren und Mischen von Gas in Flüssigkeiten nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei das Volumen der Box (21), das Volumen der Leitung (18, 22), die die Box (21) mit dem Gleitbereich (A3) verbindet, der durch die Führung (14) begrenzt ist, die den Kolben (13b) des Mischelements (13) verschiebbar aufnimmt, und das Volumen des Gleitbereichs (A3) ein Gesamtvolumen definieren, das mit Gas (G1) gefüllt ist, das so ausgewählt und dimensioniert ist, dass es im Betrieb des Geräts (10) aufgrund des axialen Gleitens des Mischelements (13) und des jeweiligen Kolbens (13b) in der Führung (14) einer minimalen prozentualen Schwankung unterworfen ist, und dadurch eine entsprechende minimale prozentuale Schwankung der auf den Kolben (13b) wirkenden Kraft (Fp) bestimmt, die den Eigenschaften des Gases (G) und der mit Hilfe des Geräts (10) zu mischenden und zu dispergierenden Flüssigkeit (L) entspricht.
  5. Gerät (10) nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei der Kolben (13b) und die jeweilige Gleitführung (14) gleitend und abgedichtet gekoppelt sind und die gleitende abgedichtete Kopplung zwischen dem Kolben (13b) und der Gleitführung (14) so konfiguriert ist, dass das Gerät (10) ohne den Eingriff der Druckregler (26, 27) arbeiten kann, um jegliche instationären Druckregime in der Box (21) und somit auch instationäre Regime des Wertes der Druckdifferenz (ΔP=(P1-P2)) zwischen dem Druck (P1) des zweiphasigen Fluids in der stromaufwärtigen Zone des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13) und dem Druck (P2) des zweiphasigen Fluids in der stromabwärtigen Zone des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13) zu eliminieren, wenn die Anforderung besteht, dass diese Druckdifferenz (ΔP=(P1-P2)) während der Funktionalität des Geräts (10) konstant gehalten wird.
  6. Gerät (110) zum Dispergieren und Mischen von Gas in Flüssigkeiten nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Steuermittel umfasst:
    - eine Feder (50) oder eine ähnliche elastische Einrichtung, die in dem Bereich (A3) der Führung (14) angeordnet ist, die den Kolben (13b) des Mischelements (13) gleitend aufnimmt, wobei die Feder ausgebildet ist, um auf den Kolben (13b) eine axiale Kraft auszuüben, die in der entgegengesetzten Richtung zum Fluss des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) in dem Gerät (10) wirkt,
    wobei die Feder (50) so dimensioniert und ausgewählt ist, dass sie geeignete Elastizitäts- und Veränderungseigenschaften der auf den Kolben (13b) während seines axialen Gleitens ausgeübten Kraft aufweist, so dass während der Veränderung der operativen Bedingungen des Geräts (10) gewährleistet ist, dass die Druckdifferenz (ΔP=(P1-P2)) zwischen dem Druck (P1) des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) in der stromaufwärts gelegenen Zone (A1) und dem Druck (P2) in der stromabwärts gelegenen Zone (A2) des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13) mit dem genannten vorgegebenen Wert oder zumindest innerhalb des genannten vorgegebenen Variationsbereichs konform bleibt.
  7. Gerät (10; 110) zum Dispergieren und Mischen von Gas in Flüssigkeiten gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Mischelement (13) mindestens zwei Köpfe (13c', 13c") umfasst, die ausgebildet sind, um durch axiales Gleiten aufgrund des Drucks des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) mit der Innenfläche (11-1b'; 11-1d'; 11-1d") der Leitung (11') zusammenwirken, um einen Öffnungs- oder Durchgangsabschnitt (B, B1) zu definieren und zu variieren, was einen Drucksprung (ΔP=(P1-P2)) des Flusses des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch das Gerät (10) zur Folge hat.
  8. Gerät (10; 110) zum Dispergieren und Mischen von Gas in Flüssigkeiten gemäß Anspruch 7, wobei die beiden Köpfe (13c'; 13c") des Mischelements (13) ausgebildet sind, um durch axiales Gleiten aufgrund des Drucks des zweiphasigen Fluids (L+G) mit einer gemeinsamen konischen Innenfläche (11-1b') oder mit zwei jeweiligen separaten konischen Innenflächen (11-1d'; 11-1d") der Leitung (11') zusammenzuwirken.
  9. Gerät (10; 110) zum Dispergieren und Mischen von Gas in Flüssigkeiten nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Kopf des Mischelements (13) durch einen festen Körper gebildet wird, der aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt werden kann, die besteht aus:
    - einem festen zylindrischen Körper (13a; 13c', 13c");
    - einem konischen Körper (13a'), der auf seiner Oberfläche eine Vielzahl von Unebenheiten in Form von Rillen, Rändelungen, Einschnitten oder ähnlichen Gebilden aufweist, die die Turbulenz des zweiphasigen Fluids (L+G), das durch das Gerät (10) fließt, begünstigen sollen; und
    - einen glatten konischen Körper (13a"), der ausgebildet ist, um mit seiner konischen Oberfläche zusammenzuwirken, um die Durchgangsöffnung (B) für den Fluss des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch das Gerät (10) zu definieren, mit einem Rand, der durch die Leitung (11') definiert ist, entlang der das zweiphasige Fluid (L+G) in dem Gerät (10) fließt.
  10. Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Dispersion und des Mischens von Gas in Flüssigkeiten, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    (a) Bereitstellen eines Geräts (10) zum Dispergieren und Mischen von Gas in Flüssigkeiten, umfassend:
    - einen äußeren Körper (11, 11-1, 11-2), der sich entlang einer Achse (X) erstreckt und im Inneren eine Leitung (11') für den Fluss eines zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch das Gerät (10) definiert, das eine flüssige Phase (L) und eine in der flüssigen Phase (L) dispergierte gasförmige Phase (G) umfasst; und
    - mindestens einen Mischer (12), der in dem Körper (11, 11-1, 11-2) zwischen einem Einlassabschnitt (11-1a) und einem Auslassabschnitt (11-2c) der Leitung (11') untergebracht ist und seinerseits ein Mischglied oder - element (13) umfasst, das entlang der Achse (X) des Körpers (11) verschiebbar ist, um das zweiphasige Fluid ((L+G)), das durch die Leitung (11') fließt, zu unterbrechen und mit ihm zusammenzuwirken,
    wobei das Mischelement (13) seinerseits Folgendes umfasst:
    - einen Kopf (13a), der ausgebildet ist, das zweiphasige Fluid ((L+G)), das in die Leitung (11') eintritt, aufzunehmen und zu unterbrechen, und mit der Innenfläche (11-1b') der Leitung (11') durch axiales Gleiten aufgrund des Drucks des zweiphasigen Fluids (L+G) zusammenzuwirken, um einen Öffnungs- oder Durchgangsabschnitt (B) zu definieren und zu variieren, was einen Drucksprung (ΔP=(P1-P2)) des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+ G)) durch das Gerät (10) zur Folge hat, und
    - einem mit dem Kopf (13a) fest verbundenen Kolben (13b), der axial entlang einer durch den Körper (11) des Geräts (11) definierten Führung (14) gleitet,
    und so konfiguriert ist, dass er von einer Seite in Richtung des Flusses des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch das Gerät (10) einem ersten Druck oder einer ersten Kraft (P1, F1) ausgesetzt ist, der/die in dem zweiphasigen Fluid ((L+G)) in dem Bereich (A1) unmittelbar stromaufwärts des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13), d.h. stromaufwärts des Durchgangsabschnitts (B), vorhanden ist, und von einer anderen Seite und in der entgegengesetzten Richtung sowohl einem zweiten Druck oder einer zweiten Kraft (P2, F2), der/die in dem zweiphasigen Fluid ((L + G)) in dem Bereich (A2) unmittelbar stromabwärts des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13), d.h. stromabwärts des Durchgangsabschnitts (B), vorhanden ist, als auch einem dritten Druck oder einer dritten Kraft (Pp, Fp), der/die in dem Bereich (A3) der jeweiligen Führung (14) auf eine Stirnfläche (Sp) des Kolbens (13b) des Mischelements (13) wirkt;
    wobei die Innenfläche (11-1b') der Leitung (11'), mit der der Kopf (13a) des Mischers (12) ausgebildet ist, durch axiales Gleiten zusammenzuwirken, eine konische, im Richtung des Flusses des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch die Leitung (11') divergierende Konfiguration aufweist, wobei der Kopf (13a) des Mischers (12) mit der Innenfläche (11-1b'), der Leitung (11') zusammenwirkt und die konische divergierende Konfiguration aufweist; und
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gerät (10; 110) weiterhin einen Durchgang (17) umfasst, der Teil der Leitung (11') ist und in dem Körper (11) für den Fluss des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) durch das Gerät (10) definiert ist, wobei der Durchgang (17) in dem Körper (11) separat von der Führung (14) für den Kolben (13b) ausgebildet ist, um einen Einlassbereich und einen Auslassbereich der Leitung (11') in Verbindung zu bringen, die beide entlang der Achse (X) des Körpers (11, 11-1, 11-2) definiert sind und sich zumindest teilweise parallel zur Achse (X) des Körpers (11, 11-1, 11-2) über den Kolben (13b) hinaus erstrecken, und dadurch, dass das Verfahren weiter umfasst:
    (b) Detektieren von mindestens einem von dem ersten (P1) und dem zweiten Druck (P2), die jeweils im oberen Bereich (A1) und im stromabwärtigen Bereich (A2) des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13) wirken, und dem dritten Druck (Pp), der auf den Kolben (13b) des Mischelements (13) im Bereich (A3) der jeweiligen Führung (14) wirkt; und
    (c) Steuern des dritten Drucks (Pp), der auf den Kolben (13b) im Bereich (A3) der jeweiligen Führung (14) wirkt, in Abhängigkeit von dem Wert oder den Werten der detektierten Drücke (P1, P2, Pp), um während einer Änderung der Betriebsbedingungen des Geräts (10) und typischerweise, aber nicht ausschließlich, der Flussrate des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)), das das Gerät (10) durchströmt, die Druckdifferenz (ΔP=(P1-P2)), die dem Drucksprung entspricht, der durch den Durchgangsabschnitt (B) bestimmt wird, der zwischen dem Kopf (13a) des gleitenden Mischelements (13) und der Innenfläche (11-1b') der Leitung (11') definiert ist, zwischen dem Druck (P1) des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L+G)) in der stromaufwärtigen Zone (A1) des Kopfes (13a) und demjenigen (P2) in der stromabwärtigen Zone (A2) des Kopfes (13a) des Mischelements (13), bei einem bestimmten Wert oder zumindest innerhalb eines bestimmten Variationsbereichs zu halten, um die Dispersion und die Vermischung der gasförmigen Phase (G) in der flüssigen Phase (L) des zweiphasigen Fluids ((L + G)), das durch das Gerät (10) fließt, zu verbessern und zu erhöhen, und die Größe der in dem zweiphasigen Fluid ((L+G)') dispergierten Gasblasen zu verringern, indem der Wert der Druckdifferenz (ΔP=(P1-P2)) in geeigneter Weise unter Kontrolle gehalten wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei der Schritt (c) des Steuerns des dritten Drucks (Pp), der auf den Kolben (13b) in dem Bereich (A3) der jeweiligen Führung (14) wirkt, durch Steuern und geeignetes Variieren des Drucks eines Gases (G1) durchgeführt wird, das auf den Kolben (13b) wirkt und diesen Bereich (A3) in der Nähe der Führung (14) füllt, die den Kolben (13b) gleitend aufnimmt, oder mittels einer Feder (50), die eine besondere elastische Eigenschaft aufweist und ausgebildet ist, um eine geeignete variable Kraft auf den Kolben (13b) während seines axialen Gleitens auszuüben.
  12. Anlage, umfassend ein Gerät (10; 110) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 oder konfiguriert, um das Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11 durchzuführen, wobei die Anlage umfasst:
    - ein oder mehrere Geräte (10; 110) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, die in Reihe angeordnet sind; und
    - eine Vormischstufe (MP), in der das zweiphasige Fluid (L+G) einer Vormischung unterzogen wird, bevor es in das Gerät (10; 110) oder die Geräte gelangt, in denen eine weitere und finale Vermischung und Dispersion des Gases (G) in der Flüssigkeit (L) erfolgt.
EP16820326.3A 2015-11-09 2016-11-08 Vorrichtung und entsprechendes verfahren zur dispersion von gas in flüssigkeiten Active EP3374069B1 (de)

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ITUB2015A005366A ITUB20155366A1 (it) 2015-11-09 2015-11-09 Dispositivo e corrispondente metodo per la dispersione di gas in liquidi
PCT/IB2016/056721 WO2017081608A1 (en) 2015-01-02 2016-11-08 Device and corresponding method for the dispersion of gas in liquids

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US3179385A (en) * 1961-11-17 1965-04-20 Manton Gaulin Mfg Company Inc Method and apparatus for processing fluids
US6502979B1 (en) * 2000-11-20 2003-01-07 Five Star Technologies, Inc. Device and method for creating hydrodynamic cavitation in fluids
DE20209039U1 (de) * 2002-06-11 2003-10-16 Hasit Trockenmoertel Gmbh Mischvorrichtung
EP1930069B1 (de) * 2006-12-09 2010-09-15 Haldor Topsoe A/S Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Mischen zweier oder mehrerer Fluidströme
WO2011049215A1 (ja) * 2009-10-22 2011-04-28 エウレカ・ラボ株式会社 気／液または液／液の分散、溶解、可溶化、または乳化用の処理装置

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