EP3368709B1 - Knitting machine with a guide channel and a knitting element guided therein - Google Patents

Knitting machine with a guide channel and a knitting element guided therein Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3368709B1
EP3368709B1 EP16790878.9A EP16790878A EP3368709B1 EP 3368709 B1 EP3368709 B1 EP 3368709B1 EP 16790878 A EP16790878 A EP 16790878A EP 3368709 B1 EP3368709 B1 EP 3368709B1
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Prior art keywords
surface structure
knitting
guide channel
channel
regions
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3368709A1 (en
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Michael Starke
Thomas Liebers
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LIEBERS, THOMAS
STARKE, MICHAEL
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B35/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, knitting machines, not otherwise provided for
    • D04B35/02—Knitting tools or instruments not provided for in group D04B15/00 or D04B27/00
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B15/06—Sinkers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B15/10—Needle beds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B15/14—Needle cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a knitting machine with a guide channel and a guided therein Strickelements according to the preamble of claim 1, a knitting element for such a knitting machine according to the preamble of claim 8 and a guide channel for such a knitting machine according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • the irregularly rugged surface structure forms a plurality of spaced recesses formed and arranged to provide one Form a plurality of spaced apart lubricant reservoirs, in which a lubricating oil is received, to form in operation a lubricant film in the region between the knitting element side edges and the channel side walls.
  • this may then possibly lead to at least occasionally too little lubricant being present, especially at the beginning of the operation with newly inserted knitting elements, and thus, especially at the beginning of the operation of a knitting machine with newly inserted knitting elements, targeted precisely to an undesirably fast abrading given surface roughness, an undesirable increase in temperature in this area and an increase in energy consumption comes.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a similar knitting element or a similar guide channel available.
  • a knitting machine with a guide channel and a knitting element guided therein is proposed in which the knitting element is received and guided in a substantially precise fit (with predetermined tolerance) and displaceable in the preferably slit-like guide channel.
  • the knitting element is on at least one of its viewed in cross-section opposite knitting element side edges and / or the guide channel on at least one of the knitting element side edges facing channel side walls (each considered in the manufacturing state or in the manufacturing and output state, ie in each case not yet operated State of the combination of knitting element and guide channel considered) at least partially formed with a surface structure, preferably an irregularly rugged surface structure.
  • This, preferably irregularly rugged or alternatively regularly trained, surface structure according to the invention a proportion of material according to DIN EN ISO 4287 of 50% at a cutting height of 0.4 microns to 3 microns, preferably at a cutting height of 0.6 microns to 1.6 microns, respectively.
  • the wording "from ... to" here and below always means that the two limit values mentioned, ie, for example, 0.4 or 3 or 0.6 or 1.6, are expressly included, that is to say the material content is not only all intermediate values between the mentioned limit values, but also these limit values can assume.
  • an irregularly formed surface structure is to be understood as meaning, in particular, those surface structures in which the elevations or depressions, with respect to the entire structured surface, are not provided with a regular or regularly recurring pattern via specific or, in particular, larger contiguous regions, that is to say the elevations or depressions are thus arranged more or less arbitrarily.
  • a regularly formed surface structure is understood in particular to mean surface structures in which the elevations or depressions, relative to the entire structured surface, are provided with a regular or regularly recurring pattern over larger areas, that is to say the elevations or depressions are not are arranged arbitrarily.
  • the elevations and / or depressions may each have the same design and / or have the same distance from each other.
  • the knitting element has at least one channel bottom bearing area which is rounded in such a way that viewed in cross-section, the knitting element rests linearly on the channel bottom of the guide channel in punctiform or channel longitudinal direction.
  • irregularly shaped, in particular irregularly rugged, surface structure can basically in different ways and done way.
  • Particularly preferred and simple here is a preparation of the irregularly formed or fissured surface structure by a chemical (for example etching or the like) and / or mechanical surface treatment, wherein for the mechanical surface treatment, a surface treatment with an undefined cutting geometry, for example, a grinding method is preferred ,
  • a chemical surface treatment for example by etching, ie the removal of material by means of at least one corrosive substance
  • a mechanical surface treatment for example, a surface treatment with an undefined cutting geometry
  • the production of a regularly formed surface structure can take place, for example, by laser processing, although regular surface structuring by mechanical surface treatment is preferred.
  • the regularly formed surface structure can particularly preferably be produced by a mechanical surface treatment with an embossing device having a corresponding regular structure (or negative structure), most preferably by means of at least one embossing roller.
  • the material content of the surface structure is specified in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4287 and expresses the percentage ratio of the sum of the material lengths or the material-carrying lengths of the individual surveys or profile elements of the surface structure to be taken at a predetermined cutting height to the measuring section.
  • the material component curve finally indicates the proportion of material as a function of the cutting height.
  • a regular or preferably irregularly fissured surface structure which is particularly reliably formed with the desired roughness and which has the desired friction-reducing or oil-retaining properties is obtained.
  • it is only possible to make a statement about the nature of the surface structure in relation to the surface whereas without this approach in several directions only a "line" is described.
  • the Fig. 1 shows, by way of example, in the left image plane, a surface structure in which the surface roughness Rt in ⁇ m is plotted over a measuring section In, which can be selected as desired, for example a knitting element side flank or a defined knitting element flank region. It is very good here to recognize the irregularly fissured surface structure produced here merely by way of example by a chemical and / or mechanical grinding process, which, in particular also with reference to a cutting height or cutting line C selected at 1.2 ⁇ m, has a multiplicity of elevations 1 spaced apart from one another and a plurality of spaced wells 2 has.
  • the material component curve is plotted, which shows that the material proportion Rmr is 50% at a cutting height or a cutting line of 1.2 ⁇ m; in other words, this means that in the cutting height 1.2 ⁇ m 50% material and 50% "holes" are present.
  • Fig. 2 which only very schematically shows a cross section through an arrangement of a Strickelements 3 in a guide channel of a knitting machine not shown here.
  • the knitting element 3 is here substantially snugly received and guided in the guide channel 4, wherein the knitting element 3 has a rounded bottom channel support area 5, that the knitting element 3 rests point-shaped in the cross-section considered here at the channel bottom 6 of the guide channel 4.
  • Fig. 2 is further shown only very schematically and by way of example, the knitting element at its side edges 3a and 3b, in particular due to or in accordance with the invention predetermined Material content, a still in such a way (here irregularly rugged) surface structure on that a sufficient plurality of spaced-apart elevations ( Fig. 1 ) is formed, which abut in the operation only point or line on the respectively associated channel side walls 4a and 4b of the guide channel 4.
  • FIG. 3 is merely extremely schematic and exemplified a lateral plan view of a side edge 3b of a here, in particular with regard to the geometry arbitrarily selected board 3 shown as a knitting element.
  • This illustration also clearly shows that, for a reduction in friction, provision is made in particular for the channel bottom support region 5 to be rounded over the entire length so that it rests linearly against the channel bottom 6 in the longitudinal direction of the channel.
  • Fig. 3 is also shown schematically by the arrows v, d and h, that it is preferably provided that the material content Rmr seen in knitting element longitudinal direction in the vertical direction v, in the horizontal direction h and at a defined angle (here by way of example 45 °) in the diagonal direction d is determined such that the proportion of material is an averaged average of these three divisional values.
  • the latter also applies analogously to the side flank 3a or, if this should be the case, for the channel side walls 4a and 4b.
  • the desired planar surface structure is determined.
  • production state or production and initial state should mean here that surface texture properties of the sinkers or of the guide channel side walls are present, as they are immediately after their production, that is to say they are not operated state of the arrangement.
  • needles is to be understood in a broad sense and to Example boards, needles, selectors, jacks, jacks, transfer jacks (transfer boards) or the like should include.
  • a regular surface structure may be formed with elevations and / or depressions uniformly spaced apart, for example.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Strickmaschine mit einem Führungskanal und einem darin geführten Strickelements nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, ein Strickelement für eine derartige Strickmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 8 sowie einen Führungskanal für eine derartige Strickmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 10.The invention relates to a knitting machine with a guide channel and a guided therein Strickelements according to the preamble of claim 1, a knitting element for such a knitting machine according to the preamble of claim 8 and a guide channel for such a knitting machine according to the preamble of claim 10.

Aus der gattungsbildenden DE 10 2011 119 335 B3 ist eine Anordnung eines Strickelements in einem Führungskanal einer Strickmaschine bekannt, bei der das Strickelement an seinen im Querschnitt betrachtet gegenüberliegenden Strickelement-Seitenflanken und/oder der Führungskanal an seinen den Strickelement-Seitenflanken zugewandten Kanalseitenwänden mit einer unregelmäßig zerklüfteten Oberflächenstruktur ausgebildet ist. Diese unregelmäßig zerklüftete Oberflächenstruktur soll einen Materialanteil gemäß DIN EN ISO 4287 von 50% erst bei einer Schnitthöhe von wenigstens 40 µm, bevorzugt erst bei einer Schnitthöhe von wenigstens 50 µm, aufweisen. Diese so ausgebildete unregelmäßig zerklüftete Oberflächenstruktur bildet eine Vielzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Erhebungen aus, die so angeordnet und ausgebildet sind, dass diese im Betrieb lediglich punkt- oder linienförmig an dem jeweils zugewandten Bereich der Strickelement-Seitenflanken und/oder der Kanalseitenwände anliegen. Ebenso bildet die unregelmäßig zerklüftete Oberflächenstruktur eine Vielzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Vertiefungen aus, die so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, dass diese eine Mehrzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Schmiermittel-Reservoirs ausbilden, in denen ein Schmieröl aufgenommen wird, um im Betrieb einen Schmiermittelfilm im Bereich zwischen den Strickelement-Seitenflanken und den Kanalseitenwänden auszubilden. Mit einer derartigen zerklüfteten Oberflächenstruktur bildet sich zwar eine Kapillarstruktur aus, die aufgrund der dort wirkenden Kapillarkräfte in gewünschter Weise relativ viel Öl im seitlichen Wandbereich zwischen den Strickelement-Seitenflanken und den Kanalseitenwänden hält, wobei es jedoch bedingt durch die starke Zerklüftung der Oberfläche insbesondere zu Beginn eines Betriebs mit neu eingesetzten Strickelementen partiell zur Ausbildung von Stellen mit einer relativ großen, ausreichenden Menge an eingespeicherten Schmieröl kommen kann (sog. Ölnestern), während dagegen in anderen, zum Beispiel weniger stark zerklüfteten Bereichen weniger bzw. zu wenig Schmieröl vorhanden ist (sog. Trockennester). Dies kann im praktischen Einsatz dann gegebenenfalls dazu führen, dass insbesondere zu Beginn des Betriebs mit neu eingesetzten Strickelementen zumindest punktuell zu wenig Schmiermittel vorhanden ist und es somit insbesondere zu Beginn des Betriebs einer Strickmaschine mit neu eingesetzten Strickelementen genau dort zu einem unerwünscht schnellen Abschleifen der gezielt vorgegebenen Oberflächenrauhigkeit, zu einer unerwünschten Temperaturerhöhung in diesem Bereich und zu einer Erhöhung des Energieverbrauchs kommt.From the generic DE 10 2011 119 335 B3 an arrangement of a knitting element in a guide channel of a knitting machine is known, in which the knitting element is formed on its knitting element side edges facing the knitting element side edges and / or the guide channel on its side walls facing the knitting element side edges with an irregularly rugged surface structure. This irregularly rugged surface structure should have a proportion of material according to DIN EN ISO 4287 of 50% only at a cutting height of at least 40 .mu.m, preferably only at a cutting height of at least 50 .mu.m. This thus formed irregular rugged surface structure forms a plurality of spaced-apart elevations, which are arranged and designed so that they lie in operation only point or line on the respective facing region of the knitting element side edges and / or the channel side walls. Likewise, the irregularly rugged surface structure forms a plurality of spaced recesses formed and arranged to provide one Form a plurality of spaced apart lubricant reservoirs, in which a lubricating oil is received, to form in operation a lubricant film in the region between the knitting element side edges and the channel side walls. With such a fissured surface structure, although a capillary structure is formed which, owing to the capillary forces acting there, desirably holds a relatively large amount of oil in the lateral wall area between the knitting element side flanks and the channel side walls, it is due to the strong fissuring of the surface, especially at the beginning an operation with newly inserted knitting elements can partially lead to the formation of bodies with a relatively large, sufficient amount of stored lubricating oil (so-called oil nests), whereas in other, for example, less rugged areas less or too little lubricating oil is present (so-called Dry nests). In practical use, this may then possibly lead to at least occasionally too little lubricant being present, especially at the beginning of the operation with newly inserted knitting elements, and thus, especially at the beginning of the operation of a knitting machine with newly inserted knitting elements, targeted precisely to an undesirably fast abrading given surface roughness, an undesirable increase in temperature in this area and an increase in energy consumption comes.

Demgegenüber ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Strickmaschine mit einem Führungskanal und einem darin geführten Strickelement mit einer Oberflächenstruktur, insbesondere mit einer unregelmäßig zerklüfteten Oberflächenstruktur, vorzusehen, die sich durch ein optimiertes Ölrückhaltevermögen im Führungskanal und damit durch eine optimale Schmierung zwischen Strickelement und Führungskanal auszeichnet. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein ebensolches Strickelement bzw. einen ebensolchen Führungskanal zur Verfügung zu stellen.In contrast, it is an object of the present invention to provide a knitting machine with a guide channel and a knitting element guided therein with a surface structure, in particular with an irregularly rugged surface structure, which is characterized by an optimized oil retention capacity in the guide channel and thus by optimum lubrication between knitting element and guide channel , Another object of the invention is to provide a similar knitting element or a similar guide channel available.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen hierzu sind Gegenstand der darauf rückbezogenen Unteransprüche.This object is achieved with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments thereof are the subject of the dependent claims.

Gemäß Anspruch 1 wird eine Strickmaschine mit einem Führungskanal und einem darin geführten Strickelement vorgeschlagen, bei der das Strickelement im Wesentlichen passgenau (mit vorgegebener Toleranz) und verschiebbar in dem vorzugsweise schlitzartig ausgebildeten Führungskanal aufgenommen und geführt ist. Weiter ist das Strickelement an wenigstens einer seiner im Querschnitt betrachtet gegenüberliegenden Strickelement-Seitenflanken und/oder ist der Führungskanal an wenigstens einer der den Strickelement-Seitenflanken zugewandten Kanalseitenwände (jeweils im Fertigungszustand beziehungsweise im Herstell- und Ausgangszustand betrachtet, das heißt jeweils im noch nicht betriebenen Zustand der Kombination aus Strickelement und Führungskanal betrachtet) wenigstens bereichsweise mit einer Oberflächenstruktur, vorzugsweise einer unregelmäßig zerklüfteten, Oberflächenstruktur ausgebildet. Diese, vorzugsweise unregelmäßig zerklüftete oder alternativ regelmäßig ausgebildete, Oberflächenstruktur soll erfindungsgemäß einen Materialanteil gemäß DIN EN ISO 4287 von 50% bei einer Schnitthöhe von 0,4 µm bis 3 µm, bevorzugt bei einer Schnitthöhe von 0,6 µm bis 1,6 µm, aufweisen. Die Formulierung "von ... bis" bedeutet hier und nachfolgend stets, dass die beiden genannten Grenzwerte, also zum Beispiel 0,4 bzw. 3 oder 0,6 bzw. 1,6 ausdrücklich mit eingeschlossen sind, das heißt der Materialanteil somit nicht nur sämtliche Zwischenwerte zwischen den genannten Grenzwerten, sondern eben auch diese Grenzwerte annehmen kann.According to claim 1, a knitting machine with a guide channel and a knitting element guided therein is proposed in which the knitting element is received and guided in a substantially precise fit (with predetermined tolerance) and displaceable in the preferably slit-like guide channel. Further, the knitting element is on at least one of its viewed in cross-section opposite knitting element side edges and / or the guide channel on at least one of the knitting element side edges facing channel side walls (each considered in the manufacturing state or in the manufacturing and output state, ie in each case not yet operated State of the combination of knitting element and guide channel considered) at least partially formed with a surface structure, preferably an irregularly rugged surface structure. This, preferably irregularly rugged or alternatively regularly trained, surface structure according to the invention a proportion of material according to DIN EN ISO 4287 of 50% at a cutting height of 0.4 microns to 3 microns, preferably at a cutting height of 0.6 microns to 1.6 microns, respectively. The wording "from ... to" here and below always means that the two limit values mentioned, ie, for example, 0.4 or 3 or 0.6 or 1.6, are expressly included, that is to say the material content is not only all intermediate values between the mentioned limit values, but also these limit values can assume.

Wie die erfinderseitigen Versuche gezeigt haben, ist auch bei einer derartigen, vorzugsweise unregelmäßig zerklüfteten, Oberflächenstruktur nach wie vor noch eine ausreichende Anzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Erhebungen vorgesehen, die so angeordnet und ausgebildet sind, dass diese im Betrieb lediglich punkt- oder linienförmig an dem jeweils zugewandten Bereich der Strickelement-Seitenflanken und/oder der Kanalseitenwände anliegen. Ebenso bildet eine derartige, vorzugsweise unregelmäßig zerklüftete, Oberflächenstruktur nach wie vor eine ausreichende Anzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Vertiefungen aus, die so ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, dass diese eine Mehrzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Schmiermittel-Reservoirs ausbilden, in denen ein Teil eines in den Führungskanal eingebrachten fluiden Schmiermittels, insbesondere eines Schmieröls, aufgenommen und somit im Betrieb ein Schmiermittelfilm im Bereich zwischen den Strickelement-Seitenflanken und den Kanalseitenwänden ausgebildet ist. Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Materialanteile ist dabei jedoch vorteilhaft sichergestellt, dass die Oberfläche gleichmäßiger ausgebildet bzw. zerklüftet ist und es somit zu einer Vergleichmäßigung der Ölverteilung über den gesamten strukturierten Bereich kommt, das heißt partielle Trockennester bzw. Stellen mit einer relativ geringen Schmierölmenge zuverlässig vermieden werden können.As the experiments on the part of the inventor have shown, even with such a surface structure, which is preferably irregularly rugged, a sufficient number of spaced-apart elevations are still provided, which are arranged and designed such that they are in operation only point or line abut the respective facing region of the knitting element side edges and / or the channel side walls. Likewise, such, preferably irregularly rugged, surface structure still forms a sufficient number of spaced-apart recesses formed and arranged to define a plurality of spaced-apart lubricant reservoirs in which a portion of one introduced into the guide channel fluid lubricant, in particular a lubricating oil, and thus formed during operation, a lubricant film in the region between the knitting element side edges and the channel side walls is formed. By the material proportions according to the invention, however, it is advantageously ensured that the surface is more uniformly formed or rugged and thus equalization of the oil distribution over the entire structured area, that is, partial dry nests or locations can be reliably avoided with a relatively small amount of lubricating oil ,

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird somit im Unterschied zum gattungsbildenden Stand der Technik der DE 10 2011 119 335 B3 die Ausbildung von nicht ausreichend mit Öl geschmierten Trockennestern vermieden, weil die erfindungsgemäße, vorzugsweise unregelmäßig zerklüftete, Oberflächenstruktur eine vergleichmäßigte Kapillarstruktur ausbildet, die aufgrund der dort wirkenden Kapillarkräfte in der Lage ist, das Öl überall im seitlichen Wandbereich zwischen den Strickelement-Seitenflanken und den Kanalseitenwänden zu halten, so dass es dort zur Ausbildung eines gleichmäßigen, die Reibung reduzierenden dauerhaft vorhanden Schmiermittelfilms kommt.With the solution according to the invention thus in contrast to the generic state of the art DE 10 2011 119 335 B3 avoid the formation of insufficiently lubricated with oil dry nests, because the invention, preferably irregularly rugged surface structure forms a gleichmäßigte capillary structure, which is due to the capillary forces acting there in a position, the oil everywhere in the lateral wall area between the knitting element side edges and the channel side walls so that it there to form a uniform, the friction reducing permanently existing lubricant film comes.

Zudem lässt sich eine derartige Oberflächenstruktur aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung jetzt auch bei sehr dünnen Strickelementen verwenden, wie diese zum Beispiel zum Stricken von Damenfeinstrumpfhosen verwendet werden.In addition, such a surface structure due to the solution according to the invention can now even with very thin knitting elements as they are used for example for knitting women's fine tights.

Wie die erfinderseitigen Versuche zudem gezeigt haben, lassen sich die zuvor genannten vorteilhaften Wirkungen aber nicht nur mit einer unregelmäßig zerklüfteten bzw. unregelmäßig ausgebildeten Oberflächenstruktur erzielen, sondern auch mit einer regelmäßig ausgebildeten Oberflächenstruktur. Unter einer unregelmäßig ausgebildeten Oberflächenstruktur werden dabei insbesondere solche Oberflächenstrukturen verstanden, bei denen die Erhebungen bzw. Vertiefungen, bezogen auf die gesamte strukturierte Fläche, nicht über bestimmte bzw. vor allem größere zusammenhängende Bereiche mit einem regelmäßigen bzw. regelmäßig wiederkehrenden Muster versehen sind, das heißt die Erhebungen bzw. Vertiefungen also mehr oder weniger willkürlich angeordnet sind. Unter einer regelmäßig ausgebildeten Oberflächenstruktur werden dagegen insbesondere solche Oberflächenstrukturen verstanden, bei denen die Erhebungen bzw. Vertiefungen, bezogen auf die gesamte strukturierte Fläche, über größere Bereiche mit einem regelmäßigen bzw. regelmäßig wiederkehrenden Muster versehen sind, das heißt die Erhebungen bzw. Vertiefungen also nicht willkürlich angeordnet sind. Zum Beispiel können die Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen jeweils gleich ausgebildet sein und/oder einen gleichen Abstand voneinander aufweisen.Moreover, as the experiments on the part of the inventors have shown, the aforementioned advantageous effects can be achieved not only with an irregularly rugged or irregularly shaped surface structure, but also with a regularly formed surface structure. In this context, an irregularly formed surface structure is to be understood as meaning, in particular, those surface structures in which the elevations or depressions, with respect to the entire structured surface, are not provided with a regular or regularly recurring pattern via specific or, in particular, larger contiguous regions, that is to say the elevations or depressions are thus arranged more or less arbitrarily. By contrast, a regularly formed surface structure is understood in particular to mean surface structures in which the elevations or depressions, relative to the entire structured surface, are provided with a regular or regularly recurring pattern over larger areas, that is to say the elevations or depressions are not are arranged arbitrarily. For example, the elevations and / or depressions may each have the same design and / or have the same distance from each other.

Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei eine Ausgestaltung, bei der das Strickelement wenigstens einen Kanalboden-Auflagebereich aufweist, der dergestalt verrundet ist, dass das Strickelement im Querschnitt betrachtet punktförmig beziehungsweise in Kanallängsrichtung betrachtet wenigstens bereichsweise linienförmig am Kanalboden des Führungskanals aufliegt.Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which the knitting element has at least one channel bottom bearing area which is rounded in such a way that viewed in cross-section, the knitting element rests linearly on the channel bottom of the guide channel in punctiform or channel longitudinal direction.

Die Herstellung der unregelmäßig ausgebildeten, insbesondere unregelmäßig zerklüfteten, Oberflächenstruktur kann grundsätzlich auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise erfolgen. Besonders bevorzugt und einfach ist hierbei eine Herstellung der unregelmäßig ausgebildeten bzw. zerklüfteten Oberflächenstruktur durch eine chemische (zum Beispiel Ätzen oder dergleichen) und/oder mechanische Oberflächenbearbeitung, wobei für die mechanische Oberflächenbearbeitung eine Oberflächenbearbeitung mit einer undefinierten Schneidgeometrie, zum Beispiel ein Schleifverfahren, bevorzugt ist. Insbesondere kann hierbei auch eine Kombination einer chemischen Oberflächenbearbeitung (zum Beispiel durch Ätzen, also dem Abtragen von Material mittels wenigstens eines ätzenden Stoffes) mit einer mechanischen Oberflächenbearbeitung (zum Beispiel einer Oberflächenbearbeitung mit einer undefinierten Schneidgeometrie), also beispielsweise die Kombination von Ätzen und Schleifen, von Vorteil sein, um auf funktionssichere Weise eine gewünschte unregelmäßig zerklüftete Oberflächenstruktur herstellen zu können.The production of irregularly shaped, in particular irregularly rugged, surface structure can basically in different ways and done way. Particularly preferred and simple here is a preparation of the irregularly formed or fissured surface structure by a chemical (for example etching or the like) and / or mechanical surface treatment, wherein for the mechanical surface treatment, a surface treatment with an undefined cutting geometry, for example, a grinding method is preferred , In particular, in this case also a combination of a chemical surface treatment (for example by etching, ie the removal of material by means of at least one corrosive substance) with a mechanical surface treatment (for example, a surface treatment with an undefined cutting geometry), so for example the combination of etching and grinding, be advantageous to be able to produce a desired irregularly rugged surface structure in a functionally reliable manner.

Die Herstellung einer regelmäßig ausgebildeten Oberflächenstruktur kann zum Beispiel durch eine Laserbearbeitung erfolgen, wenngleich eine regelmäßige Oberflächenstrukturierung durch eine mechanische Oberflächenbearbeitung bevorzugt ist. Besonders bevorzugt kann hierbei die regelmäßig ausgebildete Oberflächenstruktur durch eine mechanische Oberflächenbearbeitung mit einer, eine entsprechende regelmäßige Struktur (bzw. Negativstruktur) aufweisenden Prägeeinrichtung, höchst bevorzugt mittels wenigstens einer Prägewalze, hergestellt werden.The production of a regularly formed surface structure can take place, for example, by laser processing, although regular surface structuring by mechanical surface treatment is preferred. In this case, the regularly formed surface structure can particularly preferably be produced by a mechanical surface treatment with an embossing device having a corresponding regular structure (or negative structure), most preferably by means of at least one embossing roller.

Wie bereits zuvor erwähnt, wird der Materialanteil der Oberflächenstruktur gemäß DIN EN ISO 4287 angegeben und drückt dabei das prozentuale Verhältnis der Summe der Materiallängen bzw. der materialtragenden Längen der einzelnen hierbei heranzuziehenden Erhebungen bzw. Profilelemente der Oberflächenstruktur in einer vorgegebenen Schnitthöhe zur Messstrecke aus. Die Materialanteilkurve gibt schließlich den Materialanteil als Funktion der Schnitthöhe an. Bevorzugt wird dabei der Materialanteil als ein gemittelter Durchschnittswert durch Messung in mehrere mit Bezug zur jeweiligen Oberfläche unterschiedliche Richtungen bestimmt, wobei besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen ist, dass der Materialanteil einer Seitenflanke des Strickelements durch Messung in eine mit Bezug zur Längserstreckungsrichtung des Strickelements, vertikale und horizontale sowie unter einem definierten Winkel, bevorzugt 30° bis 60°, höchst bevorzugt 45°, Richtung bestimmt ist. Mit einem derartig festgelegten beziehungsweise bestimmten Materialanteil wird eine besonders zuverlässig mit der gewünschten Rauigkeit ausgebildete regelmäßige bzw. bevorzugt unregelmäßig zerklüftete Oberflächenstruktur erhalten, die die gewünschten reibungsvermindernden beziehungsweise ölrückhaltenden Eigenschaften aufweist. Zudem lässt sich nur hiermit eine Aussage über die Beschaffenheit der Oberflächenstruktur bezogen auf die Fläche treffen, während ohne diese Betrachtungsweise in mehrere Richtungen lediglich eine "Linie" beschrieben wird.As already mentioned above, the material content of the surface structure is specified in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4287 and expresses the percentage ratio of the sum of the material lengths or the material-carrying lengths of the individual surveys or profile elements of the surface structure to be taken at a predetermined cutting height to the measuring section. The material component curve finally indicates the proportion of material as a function of the cutting height. Preference is given to the proportion of material as an average Average value determined by measurement in a plurality of directions with respect to the respective surface different directions, wherein it is particularly preferably provided that the material content of a side edge of the Strickelements by measurement in relation to the longitudinal direction of the Strickelements, vertical and horizontal and at a defined angle, preferably 30 ° to 60 °, most preferably 45 °, direction is determined. With such a specified or determined proportion of material, a regular or preferably irregularly fissured surface structure which is particularly reliably formed with the desired roughness and which has the desired friction-reducing or oil-retaining properties is obtained. In addition, it is only possible to make a statement about the nature of the surface structure in relation to the surface, whereas without this approach in several directions only a "line" is described.

Die sich mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8 bzw. 10 ergebenden Vorteile sind im Wesentlichen gleich denjenigen der zuvor beschriebenen Strickmaschine, so dass auf deren Wiederholung verzichtet wird.The advantages resulting from the features of claims 8 and 10 are substantially similar to those of the previously described knitting machine, so that their repetition is dispensed with.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt beispielhaft in der linken Bildebene eine Oberflächenstruktur, bei der die Rautiefe Rt in µm über einer an sich beliebig wählbaren Messstrecke In, zum Beispiel einer Strickelement-Seitenflanke, beziehungsweise einem definierten Strickelement-Seitenflankenbereich, aufgetragen ist. Es ist hier sehr gut die hier lediglich beispielhaft durch ein chemisches und/oder mechanisches Schleifverfahren erzeugte unregelmäßig zerklüftete Oberflächenstruktur zu erkennen, die, insbesondere auch mit Bezug zu einer bei 1,2 µm gewählten Schnitthöhe beziehungsweise Schnittlinie C, eine Vielzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Erhebungen 1 sowie eine Vielzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Vertiefungen 2 aufweist.The Fig. 1 shows, by way of example, in the left image plane, a surface structure in which the surface roughness Rt in μm is plotted over a measuring section In, which can be selected as desired, for example a knitting element side flank or a defined knitting element flank region. It is very good here to recognize the irregularly fissured surface structure produced here merely by way of example by a chemical and / or mechanical grinding process, which, in particular also with reference to a cutting height or cutting line C selected at 1.2 μm, has a multiplicity of elevations 1 spaced apart from one another and a plurality of spaced wells 2 has.

In der rechten Bildebene der Fig. 1 ist die Materialanteilkurve aufgetragen, die zeigt, dass der Materialanteil Rmr bei einer Schnitthöhe beziehungsweise einer Schnittlinie von 1,2 µm 50% beträgt; dies bedeutet mit anderen Worten, dass in der Schnitthöhe 1,2 µm 50% Material und 50% "Löcher" vorhanden sind.In the right picture plane the Fig. 1 the material component curve is plotted, which shows that the material proportion Rmr is 50% at a cutting height or a cutting line of 1.2 μm; in other words, this means that in the cutting height 1.2 μm 50% material and 50% "holes" are present.

Mit einer derartig ausgebildeten, hier lediglich beispielhaften unregelmäßig zerklüfteten, Oberflächenstruktur ergeben sich die zuvor genannten erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile, was auch nochmals schematisch in der aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit übertrieben und stark vergrößert dargestellten Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, die lediglich äußerst schematisch einen Querschnitt durch eine Anordnung eines Strickelements 3 in einem Führungskanal einer hier nicht näher dargestellten Strickmaschine zeigt. Das Strickelement 3 ist hier im Wesentlichen passgenau und verschiebbar in dem Führungskanal 4 aufgenommen und geführt, wobei das Strickelement 3 hier einen dergestalt verrundeten Kanalboden-Auflagebereich 5 aufweist, dass das Strickelement 3 im hier betrachteten Querschnitt punktförmig am Kanalboden 6 des Führungskanals 4 aufliegt.With such a trained, here only exemplary irregularly rugged surface structure, the aforementioned advantages of the invention result, which is again shown schematically in exaggerated and greatly exaggerated for reasons of clarity Fig. 2 is shown, which only very schematically shows a cross section through an arrangement of a Strickelements 3 in a guide channel of a knitting machine not shown here. The knitting element 3 is here substantially snugly received and guided in the guide channel 4, wherein the knitting element 3 has a rounded bottom channel support area 5, that the knitting element 3 rests point-shaped in the cross-section considered here at the channel bottom 6 of the guide channel 4.

Im hier gezeigten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel weist das Strickelement 3 an beiden im Querschnitt betrachtet gegenüberliegenden Strickelementseitenflanken 3a und 3b, im Fertigungszustand beziehungsweise im Herstell- und Ausgangszustand betrachtet, wenigstens bereichsweise eine hier wiederum lediglich beispielhaft unregelmäßig zerklüftete Oberflächenstruktur aus, die gemäß DIN EN ISO 4287 einen Materialanteil Rmr von 50% bei einer Schnitthöhe c von 0,40 µm bis 3,00 µm, besonders bevorzugt erst bei einer Schnitthöhe c von 0,60 µm bis 1,60 µm, aufweist, wie dies in der Fig. 1 beispielhaft dargestellt ist.In the preferred embodiment shown here, the knitting element 3 at both viewed in cross-section opposite Strickelementseitenflanken 3a and 3b, considered in the manufacturing state or in the manufacturing and initial state, at least partially here again only exemplary irregularly rugged surface structure, according to DIN EN ISO 4287 a share of material Rmr of 50% at a cutting height c of 0.40 microns to 3.00 microns, more preferably only at a cutting height c of 0.60 microns to 1.60 microns, as shown in the Fig. 1 is shown by way of example.

Wie dies in der Fig. 2 weiter lediglich äußerst schematisch und beispielhaft dargestellt ist, weist das Strickelement an ihren Seitenflanken 3a und 3b, insbesondere aufgrund bzw. bei dem erfindungsgemäß vorgegebenen Materialanteil, eine nach wie vor solchermaßen (hier unregelmäßig zerklüftete) Oberflächenstruktur auf, dass eine ausreichende Mehrzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Erhebungen (Fig. 1) ausgebildet ist, die im Betrieb lediglich punkt- beziehungsweise linienförmig an den jeweils zugeordneten Kanalseitenwänden 4a und 4b des Führungskanals 4 anliegen.Like this in the Fig. 2 is further shown only very schematically and by way of example, the knitting element at its side edges 3a and 3b, in particular due to or in accordance with the invention predetermined Material content, a still in such a way (here irregularly rugged) surface structure on that a sufficient plurality of spaced-apart elevations ( Fig. 1 ) is formed, which abut in the operation only point or line on the respectively associated channel side walls 4a and 4b of the guide channel 4.

Wie dies der schematischen Darstellung der Fig. 2 zudem weiter entnommen werden kann, bildet die hier beispielhaft unregelmäßig zerklüftete Oberflächenstruktur der Seitenflanken 3a, 3b, insbesondere aufgrund bzw. bei dem erfindungsgemäß vorgegebenen Materialanteil, weiter nach wie vor eine ausreichende Anzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Vertiefungen 2 (Fig. 1) aus, die so ausgebildet und zueinander angeordnet sind, dass diese eine Mehrzahl von voneinander beabstandeten Schmiermittel-Reservoirs ausbildet, in denen ein Teil eines in den Führungskanal 4 eingebrachten fluiden Schmiermittels, wie beispielsweise eines Schmieröls, aufgenommen und somit in Betrieb ein Schmiermittelfilm (dargestellt durch die Öltröpfchen 8) im Bereich zwischen den Strickelement-Seitenflanken 3a, 3b und den Kanalseitenwänden 4a und 4b ausgebildet ist.As this is the schematic representation of Fig. 2 In addition, it can be further taken that the here, by way of example, irregularly rugged surface structure of the side flanks 3 a, 3 b, in particular due to or in accordance with the material proportion prescribed according to the invention, continues to form a sufficient number of mutually spaced depressions 2 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) which are formed and arranged to each other, that it forms a plurality of spaced apart lubricant reservoirs, in which a part of a introduced into the guide channel 4 fluid lubricant, such as a lubricating oil, and thus in operation a lubricant film (shown formed by the oil droplets 8) in the region between the knitting element side flanks 3a, 3b and the channel side walls 4a and 4b.

Auch wenn dies in der Fig. 2 aus Übersichtlichkeitsgründen nicht dargestellt ist, können gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform auch oder nur die beiden den Strickelementflanken 3a, 3b jeweils unmittelbar gegenüberliegenden bzw. zugeordneten Innenwände bzw. Kanalseitenwände 4a, 4b jeweils eine identische, zum Beispiel unregelmäßig zerklüftete, zum Beispiel durch chemische und/oder mechanische Oberflächenbearbeitung hergestellte, Oberflächenstruktur aufweisen, die gemäß DIN EN ISO 4287 einen Materialanteil Rmr von 50% bei einer Schnitthöhe c von 0,40 µm bis 3,00 µm, besonders bevorzugt erst bei einer Schnitthöhe c von 0,60 µm bis 3,00 µm, aufweist.Even if this is in the Fig. 2 is not shown for clarity, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, or only the two the Strickelementflanken 3a, 3b each directly opposite or associated inner walls or channel side walls 4a, 4b respectively an identical, for example, irregularly rugged, for example, by chemical and / or mechanical surface treatment produced surface structure, according to DIN EN ISO 4287 a material content Rmr of 50% at a cutting height c of 0.40 microns to 3.00 microns, more preferably only at a cutting height c of 0.60 microns to 3, 00 microns, has.

Mit einer derartigen erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung werden die zuvor ausführlich beschriebenen Vorteile erzielt.With such an inventive arrangement, the advantages described in detail above are achieved.

In der Fig. 3 ist lediglich äußerst schematisch und beispielhaft eine seitliche Draufsicht auf eine Seitenflanke 3b einer hier, insbesondere im Hinblick auf deren Geometrie beliebig gewählten Platine 3 als Strickelement gezeigt. Diese Darstellung zeigt auch nochmals deutlich, dass für eine Reibungsverminderung insbesondere vorgesehen ist, dass der Kanalboden-Auflagebereich 5 über die gesamte Länge verrundet ist, so dass dieser in Kanallängsrichtung betrachtet linienförmig am Kanalboden 6 aufliegt.In the Fig. 3 is merely extremely schematic and exemplified a lateral plan view of a side edge 3b of a here, in particular with regard to the geometry arbitrarily selected board 3 shown as a knitting element. This illustration also clearly shows that, for a reduction in friction, provision is made in particular for the channel bottom support region 5 to be rounded over the entire length so that it rests linearly against the channel bottom 6 in the longitudinal direction of the channel.

In der Fig. 3 ist mit den Pfeilen v, d und h zudem schematisch dargestellt, dass bevorzugt vorgesehen ist, dass der Materialanteil Rmr, in Strickelementlängsrichtung gesehen, in vertikaler Richtung v, in horizontaler Richtung h und unter einem definierten Winkel (hier beispielhaft 45°) in diagonaler Richtung d bestimmt wird, so dass der Materialanteil ein gemittelter Durchschnittswert aus diesen drei in unterschiedlichen Richtungen bestimmten Teilwerten ist. Letzeres gilt im übertragenen Sinne auch analog für die Seitenflanke 3a beziehungsweise sofern dies der Fall sein sollte, für die Kanalseitenwände 4a und 4b. Dadurch wird die gewünschte flächige Oberflächenstruktur bestimmt.In the Fig. 3 is also shown schematically by the arrows v, d and h, that it is preferably provided that the material content Rmr seen in knitting element longitudinal direction in the vertical direction v, in the horizontal direction h and at a defined angle (here by way of example 45 °) in the diagonal direction d is determined such that the proportion of material is an averaged average of these three divisional values. The latter also applies analogously to the side flank 3a or, if this should be the case, for the channel side walls 4a and 4b. As a result, the desired planar surface structure is determined.

An dieser Stelle sei zudem weiter ausdrücklich erwähnt, dass die Begrifflichkeit Fertigungszustand beziehungsweise Herstell- und Ausgangszustand hier bedeuten soll, dass es sich um Oberflächenstruktureigenschaften der Platinen beziehungsweise der Führungskanal-Seitenwände handelt, wie sie unmittelbar nach deren Herstellung vorliegen, das heißt somit im noch nicht betriebenen Zustand der Anordnung.It should also be expressly mentioned at this point that the term production state or production and initial state should mean here that surface texture properties of the sinkers or of the guide channel side walls are present, as they are immediately after their production, that is to say they are not operated state of the arrangement.

Weiter soll an dieser Stelle ausdrücklich erwähnt werden, dass die Begrifflichkeit "Strickelemente" in einem weiten Sinne zu verstehen ist und zum Beispiel Platinen, Nadeln, Selektoren, Jacks, Stösser, Transfer-Jacks (Umhängeplatinen) oder dergleichen umfassen soll.It should also be mentioned explicitly at this point that the term "knitting elements" is to be understood in a broad sense and to Example boards, needles, selectors, jacks, jacks, transfer jacks (transfer boards) or the like should include.

Wie bereits erwähnt, kann anstelle der in Verbindung mit den Figuren dargestellten bzw. beschriebenen unregelmäßig zerklüfteten Oberflächenstruktur auch wenigstens zum Teil eine regelmäßige Oberflächenstruktur mit zum Beispiel gleichmäßig voneinander beabstandeten Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen ausgebildet sein.As already mentioned, instead of the irregularly fissured surface structure illustrated or described in connection with the figures, at least in part a regular surface structure may be formed with elevations and / or depressions uniformly spaced apart, for example.

Claims (11)

  1. Knitting machine having a guide channel (4) and a knitting element (3) guided in the latter,
    wherein the knitting element (3) is received and guided so as to be displaceable in the guide channel (4) in a substantially exact fit, and
    wherein the knitting element (3) on at least one of the knitting-element lateral flanks (3a, 3b) thereof that when viewed in the cross section are mutually opposite, and/or the guide channel (4) on at least one of the channel side walls (4a, 4b) that face the knitting-element lateral flanks (3a, 3b), when viewed in each case in the production state or in the manufacturing and initial state, respectively, at least in regions is configured so as to have a surface structure,
    wherein the surface structure has a multiplicity of mutually spaced-apart elevations (1) which are disposed and configured such that said elevations (1) when in operation bear in a punctiform and/or linear manner on the respective facing region of the knitting-element lateral flanks (3a, 3b) and/or of the channel side walls (4a, 4b), and
    wherein the surface structure furthermore has a multiplicity of mutually spaced-apart depressions (2) which are configured and disposed such that said depressions (2) configure a plurality of mutually spaced-apart lubricant reservoirs in which part of a fluid lubricant, in particular a lubricating oil, that is incorporated in the guide channel (4) is received, and thus when in operation forming a lubricant film in the region between the knitting-element lateral flanks (3a, 3b) and the channel side walls (4a, 4b),
    characterized in that
    the surface structure according to DIN EN ISO 4287 has a material proportion (Rmr) of 50% at a section height (c) from 0.4 µm to 3 µm, preferably at a section height (c) from 0.6 µm to 1.6 µm.
  2. Knitting machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the surface structure at least in regions is formed by a surface structure that is non-uniformly configured, preferably non-uniformly fissured, and/or in that the surface structure at least in regions is formed by a surface structure that is uniformly configured.
  3. Knitting machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the knitting element (3) has at least one channel-base bearing region (5) which is rounded in such a manner that the knitting element (3) when viewed in the cross section bears on the channel base (6) of the guide channel (4) in a punctiform manner, or when viewed in the longitudinal channel direction at least in regions bears on the channel base (6) of the guide channel (4) in a linear manner.
  4. Knitting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a surface structure that is non-uniformly configured, preferably non-uniformly fissured, is produced by chemical surface machining, preferably by etching, and/or by mechanical surface machining, preferably using a non-defined cutting geometry, most preferably by grinding, or a surface structure that is uniformly configured is produced by mechanical surface machining using an embossing device having a corresponding uniform structure, most preferably by means of at least one embossing roller.
  5. Knitting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material proportion is a mean average value which is determined by measuring in a plurality of different directions in relation to the respective surface.
  6. Knitting machine according to Claim 5, characterized in that the material proportion of a lateral flank (3a, 3b) of a knitting element (3) or of a channel side wall of the guide channel is determined by measuring in a direction that is vertical, horizontal, and at a defined angle of preferably 30° to 60°, most preferably 45°, in relation to the direction of longitudinal extent of a knitting element (3) or of the guide channel (4), respectively.
  7. Knitting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the knitting element (3) is produced from a sheet-metal material, is produced in particular as a blanked part from a sheet-metal material.
  8. Knitting machine knitting element (3) which on at least one of the knitting-element lateral flanks (3a, 3b) thereof, when viewed in the production state or in the manufacturing and initial state, respectively, at least in regions is configured so as to have a surface structure, wherein the surface structure has a multiplicity of mutually spaced-apart elevations (1) and a multiplicity of mutually spaced-apart depressions (2), characterized in that the surface structure according to DIN EN ISO 4287 has a material proportion (Rmr) of 50% at a section height (c) from 0.4 µm to 3 µm, preferably at a section height (c) from 0.6 µm to 1.6 µm.
  9. Knitting element according to Claim 8, characterized in that the surface structure at least in regions is formed by a surface structure that is non-uniformly configured, preferably non-uniformly fissured, and/or in that the surface structure at least in regions is formed by a surface structure that is uniformly configured.
  10. Knitting machine guide channel (4) for guiding a knitting element (3), said guide channel on at least one of the channel side walls (4a, 4b) that face the knitting-element lateral flanks (3a, 3b), when viewed in the production state or in the manufacturing and initial state, respectively, at least in regions being configured so as to have a surface structure wherein the surface structure has a multiplicity of mutually spaced-apart elevations (1) and a multiplicity of mutually spaced-apart depressions (2), characterized in that the surface structure according to DIN EN ISO 4287 has a material proportion (Rmr) of 50% at a section height (c) of 0.4 µm to 3 µm, preferably at a section height (c) of 0.6 µm to 1.6 µm.
  11. Guide channel according to Claim 10, characterized in that the surface structure at least in regions is formed by a surface structure that is non-uniformly configured, preferably non-uniformly fissured, and/or in that the surface structure at least in regions is formed by a surface structure that is uniformly configured.
EP16790878.9A 2015-10-28 2016-10-25 Knitting machine with a guide channel and a knitting element guided therein Active EP3368709B1 (en)

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DE102015014722.6A DE102015014722B3 (en) 2015-10-28 2015-11-17 Knitting machine with a guide channel and a knitting element guided therein
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"Reibung", Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reibung>
"Tribologie-Handbuch: Tribometrie, Tribomaterialien, Tribotechnik", 27 April 2010, SPRINGER VIEWEG, ISBN: 978-3-8348-0017-6, article CZICHOS HORST, KARL-HEINZ HABIG, JEAN-PIERRE CELIS, RICHARD S. COWAN, ALFONS FISCHER, THOMAS GRADT, PETER GROCHE, ERICH KLEINLEIN: "2. Tribologische Systeme // 3.1 Technische Oberflächen", pages: 8 - 28, XP055947234

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EP3368709A1 (en) 2018-09-05
WO2017071801A1 (en) 2017-05-04
KR20180072694A (en) 2018-06-29
DE102015014722B3 (en) 2016-12-15
CN108138401A (en) 2018-06-08
CN108138401B (en) 2020-07-17
WO2017071801A8 (en) 2017-07-27
KR102613284B1 (en) 2023-12-12
PT3368709T (en) 2020-03-13

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