EP3368203A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von polykristallinem siliciumgranulat - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von polykristallinem siliciumgranulatInfo
- Publication number
- EP3368203A1 EP3368203A1 EP17706794.9A EP17706794A EP3368203A1 EP 3368203 A1 EP3368203 A1 EP 3368203A1 EP 17706794 A EP17706794 A EP 17706794A EP 3368203 A1 EP3368203 A1 EP 3368203A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactor tube
- fluidized bed
- reactor
- silicon
- layer thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical class Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
- C01B33/021—Preparation
- C01B33/027—Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material
- C01B33/03—Preparation by decomposition or reduction of gaseous or vaporised silicon compounds other than silica or silica-containing material by decomposition of silicon halides or halosilanes or reduction thereof with hydrogen as the only reducing agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
- B01J8/1827—Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1836—Heating and cooling the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1872—Details of the fluidised bed reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00477—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
- B01J2208/00495—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0213—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components of enamel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the production of polycrystalline silicon granules in a fluidized-bed reactor.
- Polycrystalline silicon granules are produced by fluidization of silicon particles by means of a gas flow in the reactor tube of a fluidized bed reactor, wherein the fluidized bed is heated to a high temperature by means of a heating device.
- a silicon-containing reaction gas By adding a silicon-containing reaction gas, a pyrolysis reaction takes place on the hot particle surface.
- elemental silicon is deposited on the silicon particles, and the individual particles grow in diameter.
- seed seed
- US20020102850A1 discloses a method for the prevention or removal of silicon deposition on Eduktgasdüsen by continuous, batch or controlled metering of HCl + inert gas (H 2, N 2, He, Ar) or inert gas H 2.
- US4868013 (Allen) describes a process in which the surface of the reactor tube is cooled by injection of cold inert gas (eg H 2 ), thereby reducing wall deposition.
- US20020081250A1 describes a process in which a free etching or partial etching of the wall covering in the reactor tube at operating temperature or near the operating temperature of the fluidized bed reactor with a halogen-containing gaseous etchant such as hydrogen chloride, chlorine gas or silicon tetrachloride follows.
- the silicon deposition on the wall of the reactor tube of a fluidized bed reactor is not only negative.
- a reactor tube made of quartz for example, has a high purity, but deforms at temperatures above 1150 ° C.
- a silicon wall covering more than 1 mm thick mechanically stabilizes the quartz tube.
- such a wall covering consisting of high-purity Si increases the purity of the produced poly-Si granules.
- the object of the invention was to provide an economical process for producing polycrystalline silicon granules in a fluidized-bed reactor comprising a reactor tube and a heating device outside the reactor tube.
- the object is achieved by a method in which silicon seed particles (seed) are fluidized in the reactor tube by means of a gas flow in a fluidized bed which is heated by means of the heater and by addition of a silicon-containing reaction gas to the fluidized bed by means of pyrolysis polycrystalline silicon on the hot silicon seed particles are deposited and the resulting polycrystalline silicon granules are removed from the reactor tube, wherein the reactor tube has a fluidized bed area and an unheated area above the fluidized bed and the reactor tube on its inner wall has a silicon coating, characterized in that the unheated Region of the reactor tube above the fluidized bed has a wall temperature, which causes the silicon coating in the entire reactor tube has a maximum silicon layer thickness, the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized bed area after a Bet duration of 15 to 500 days in a ratio of 7: 1
- the maximum silicon layer thickness in the entire reactor tube is thus at most seven times and at least 1.5 times as thick as the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized bed region of the reactor tube.
- the maximum silicon layer thickness in the entire reactor tube is preferably at most 5 times and at least 1.5 times as thick as the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized bed region of the reactor tube.
- the maximum silicon layer thickness in the entire reactor tube is particularly preferably at most once and at least 1.5 times as thick as the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized-bed region of the reactor tube.
- the determination of the maximum silicon layer thickness and the average silicon layer thickness takes place in the respective deposition process at the same time, preferably after an operating time of 17 to 150 days inclusive, especially preferably after a service life of 20 to 100 days inclusive.
- the preferred method for determining the silicon layer thickness is to measure the wall covering in the pipe after disassembly of the reactor.
- the total wall thickness of the reactor tube which has grown by the amount of the wall covering determined. It is preferably measured at a total of 240 sites, at 12 equidistant positions around the perimeter at 20 equidistant positions across the height.
- the lowest altitude at which to measure is the height of the silane feed.
- the highest point to be measured is the height that is calculated when the reactor contents are assumed to be a fixed bed. Up to this level, a fluidized bed is also available in the fluidized state.
- the maximum height for wall covering measurement is calculated as follows:
- h_Measurement max: Maximum height coordinate of wall covering determination. Reference point: bottom plate of the reactor.
- m_Si, tot total mass of silicon granules in the reactor
- rho_sackage density of silicon granules in non-fluidized state, usually a value between 1400-1600 kg / m 3
- d_WS diameter of the fluidized bed
- an arithmetic mean is formed. This value corresponds to the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized bed region of the reactor tube.
- the control of the layer thickness ratio is achieved by setting a defined axial temperature gradient in the unheated region of the reactor tube above the fluidized bed.
- the axial temperature gradient of the reactor tube there carries 300 K / m to 5000 K / m, preferably 350 K / m to 4000 K / m, more preferably 380 K / m to 2000 K / m.
- the axial temperature gradient of the reactor tube is determined, for example, with several, preferably two to five pyrometers on the outside of the tube, which measure the tube outside temperature at different vertical positions through a sight glass.
- the axial temperature gradient in the unheated region of the reactor tube is preferably achieved by isolating the outside of the reactor tube above the fluidized bed less than the reactor tube in conventional fluidized-bed reactors.
- the reactor tube can be effectively cooled in the area above the fluidized bed by convection.
- the usually close-fitting insulation hinders the heat transfer by convection and heat conduction.
- the area above the fluidized bed begins at the surface of the fluidized bed and from there has an axial extent of 0.15 to 10 m, preferably from 0.2 to 5 m and more preferably from 0.25 to 2 m.
- the wall temperature of the reactor inner wall is lower than the wall temperature in the region of the fluidized bed due to the above-mentioned axial temperature gradient of the reactor tube above the fluidized bed. Due to the lower wall temperature, the silicon deposition above the fluidized bed is reduced. If this area is completely isolated, the wall will have approximately fluidized bed temperature, and it will separate more Silicon wall covering as if this area is less or not isolated.
- the space thus created in the space between the inner wall of the container and the outer wall of the reactor tube in the region above the fluidized bed (21 in Figure 2) is preferably convective by inert gas (inlet at 19, outlet at 20 in Fig. 2) and / or Heat radiation and possibly cooled line to cooled components.
- the method according to the invention thus makes possible a targeted coating of the reactor tube with silicon during the stationary deposition process for the production of polycrystalline silicon granules.
- Such a fluidized bed reactor consists of a container in which a reactor tube is inserted. Between the inner wall of the container and the outer wall of the reactor tube is a gap. This includes insulating material, wherein the insulating material in the intermediate space, which corresponds to the unheated area above the fluidized bed in the reactor tube, is arranged such that during the stationary deposition process for producing polycrystalline silicon granules, the reactor tube in the unheated area above the fluidized bed an axial temperature gradient of 300 K / m has up to 5000 K / m.
- the reactor tube in the unheated area above the fluidized bed has an axial temperature gradient of 350 K / m to 4000 K / m, more preferably 380 K / m to 2000 K / m.
- This temperature gradient causes the silicon coating in the entire reactor tube to have a maximum silicon layer thickness which corresponds to the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized bed region after an operating time of 15 to 500 days in a ratio of 7: 1 to 1.5: 1 stands.
- Preferred is a ratio of 5: 1 to 1.5: 1; particularly preferred is a ratio of 4: 1 to 1.5: 1.
- the space between the inner wall of the container (1) and the outer wall of the reactor tube (2) is divided by the insulation above the heater into two gas chambers with negligible convective exchange. Both gas spaces are flushed with the inert gas nitrogen or Ar.
- the upper gas space (corresponds to the free space 21 in FIG. 2) is limited to the outer wall of the fluidized bed reactor by a three-layered radiation shield made of molybdenum / lanthanum oxide. The blasting shield minimizes the heat losses due to radiation in the cooled steel jacket.
- the reactor tube outer wall is convectively cooled by the inert gas, so that the formation of the silicon wall lining in the interior of the reactor tube in this area is kinetically inhibited.
- the lower headspace (corresponding to the area around the fluidized bed) is constructed and insulated as known in the art (see, e.g., Figures 1, 2, or 3).
- the inside of the reactor tube is provided with a tracer layer of a material which does not incorporate into the product, but dissolves in the reaction gas or reacts with it.
- the tracer can be detected in the reaction byproducts without sacrificing purity. This can be done, for example, in the exhaust gas by means of process gas chromatography.
- the tracer layer can be applied to the surface to be coated in advance or as part of the retraction process and contains inorganic elements which do not adversely affect the product in a limited concentration and can be detected in the exhaust gas line, for example silver or calcium.
- a wall covering of silicon forms on the tracer layer, which causes a direct contact of the tracer with the particles. no prevents.
- the silicon wall covering is etched off periodically with an etching gas, for example HCl or SiCl 4 . So that a residual coating of silicon remains, the etching process is terminated as soon as the tracer is detectable in the reaction by-products.
- Fig. 1 shows a fluidized bed reactor according to the prior art.
- This fluidized bed reactor comprises
- one or more bottom gas nozzles (9) for supplying a fluidizing gas (7) to the reactor tube (2), and
- reaction gas nozzles 10 in order to feed a reaction gas mixture (6) to the reactor tube (2),
- a reactor head (8) via which seed (12) is fed to the reactor tube (2) by means of a seed feed device (11), a removal line (14) at the reactor bottom (15), via which the polysilicon granulate product (13) is taken,
- the height of the reaction gas nozzles (10) in the reactor may differ from the height of the bottom gas nozzles (9).
- the reactor head (8) may have a larger cross section than the fluidized bed.
- the possibly existing blasting shields (17) are located on the side of the heater (5), which faces away from the reactor tube. Preferably, they are arranged around the heater (5). Particularly preferred in each case an annular radiation shield above and below the heater (5) is mounted and a cylindrical radiation shield behind the heater (5). It is also possible to connect the upper and the cylindrical or the lower and the cylindrical radiation shield with each other.
- a reactor according to the invention differs from this reactor in that in the free space (21), which corresponds in the reactor tube (2) to the region above the fluidized bed (4), the insulating material (18) is reduced so that in the reactor tube (2) A silicon coating is produced in which the maximum silicon layer thickness in the entire reactor tube for the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized bed region has a ratio of 7: 1 to 1.5: 1 after an operating time of 15 to 500 days.
- the maximum silicon layer thickness in the entire reactor tube is at most 5 times and at least 1.5 times as thick as the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized bed region of the reactor tube.
- the maximum silicon layer thickness in the entire reactor tube is particularly preferably at most 4 times and at least 1.5 times as thick as the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized-bed region of the reactor tube.
- the insulating material is arranged so that the axial temperature gradient of the reactor tube there 300 K / m to 5000 K / m, preferably 350 K / m to 4000 K. / m, more preferably 380 K / m to 2000 K / m.
- the radial distance between the reactor tube and the next part which is based on de Outside the reactor tube is located and this spans over a circumference of at least 95%, 20 to 1000 mm, preferably 30 to 600 mm, more preferably 40 to 400 mm.
- Fig. 2 shows in the left half of the schematic illustration of a fluidized bed reactor according to the invention as described above and used in Example 1 and in the coordinate system right next to the figure, the silicon layer thickness s on the reactor tube inner wall at the height of the left in the figure each apparent area (z : Height coordinate).
- 3 shows in the left half the schematic illustration of a fluidized-bed reactor according to the prior art as used in the comparative example and in the coordinate system to the right of the illustration the silicon layer thickness on the inside of the reactor tube at the level of the area shown on the left in the figure.
- High-purity polysilicon granules of trichlorosilane are deposited in a fluidized-bed reactor. Hydrogen is used as the fluidizing gas. The deposition takes place at a pressure of 3 bar (abs) and a fluidized bed temperature of 1200 ° C in a reactor tube with an inner diameter of 500 mm. Product is withdrawn continuously and the seed feed is controlled so that the Sauter diameter of the product is 1000 ⁇ 50 ⁇ m. The intermediate jacket is purged with nitrogen. The residence time of the reaction gas in the fluidized bed is 0.5 s.
- a total of 800 kg / h of gas are supplied, 17.5 mol% of which consist of trichlorosilane and the remainder of hydrogen.
- the reactor tube is made of quartz glass.
- the outer wall of the heated Action zone a temperature of approximately 1200 ° C a.
- quartz glass softens under sustained load, so that the reactor tube would deform and leak against the intermediate jacket. Therefore, in the stationary deposition process, a supporting and at the same time high-purity layer of silicon is purposefully applied to the inner wall of the reactor tube.
- the reactor tube temperature in the fluidized bed region is virtually constant due to the high heat transfer coefficient between wall and fluidized bed (usually 500-1500 W / m 2 K) and the good mixing within the fluidized bed over the height.
- a temperature of 1290 ° C prevails.
- the reactor tube inner wall in the fluidized bed region has a very small surface area in comparison to the granules, which is why the growth rate of the silicon wall covering there is only 6.5 ⁇ / h.
- the heater is unsegmented. It is surrounded outside, below and above by insulation.
- the space between the inner wall of the container and the outer wall of the reactor tube (2) is divided by the insulation into two areas of negligible convective gas exchange having a separate inert gas inlet and outlet.
- a dreila- giges beam shield of molybdenum / lanthanum oxide which minimizes the heat losses by radiation in the cooled steel jacket.
- the reactor tube outer wall is convectively cooled by the inert gas, so that the formation of the silicon wall covering inside the reactor tube is kinetically inhibited in this area. Therefore, a lower temperature than the fluidized bed temperature prevails in these areas on the inner side of the reactor tube.
- the reaction gas has at the transition point a temperature lower by 210 ° C than the fluidized bed.
- the ratio of the maximum silicon layer thickness in the entire reactor tube to the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized bed region after 25 days is 3.55: 1.
- Example 1 In a conventional fluidized bed reactor, the process of Example 1 is run. Such a reactor is shown in FIG.
- the ratio of the maximum silicon layer thickness in the entire reactor tube to the average silicon layer thickness in the fluidized bed region after 25 days is 35: 1.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016202991.6A DE102016202991A1 (de) | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von polykristallinem Siliciumgranulat |
| PCT/EP2017/054177 WO2017144591A1 (de) | 2016-02-25 | 2017-02-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von polykristallinem siliciumgranulat |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3368203A1 true EP3368203A1 (de) | 2018-09-05 |
Family
ID=58108651
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17706794.9A Withdrawn EP3368203A1 (de) | 2016-02-25 | 2017-02-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von polykristallinem siliciumgranulat |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10562777B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3368203A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2019511983A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102095845B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN108698008A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3003661C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102016202991A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017144591A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR880000618B1 (ko) * | 1985-12-28 | 1988-04-18 | 재단법인 한국화학연구소 | 초단파 가열 유동상 반응에 의한 고순도 다결정 실리콘의 제조 방법 |
| US4868013A (en) | 1987-08-21 | 1989-09-19 | Ethyl Corporation | Fluidized bed process |
| US4748052A (en) * | 1987-08-21 | 1988-05-31 | Ethyl Corporation | Fluid bed reactor and process |
| JPH06127924A (ja) * | 1992-10-16 | 1994-05-10 | Tonen Chem Corp | 多結晶シリコンの製造方法 |
| WO1996041036A2 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-19 | Advanced Silicon Materials, Inc. | Method and apparatus for silicon deposition in a fluidized-bed reactor |
| US5798137A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-08-25 | Advanced Silicon Materials, Inc. | Method for silicon deposition |
| DE19948395A1 (de) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-05-03 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Strahlungsbeheizter Fliessbettreaktor |
| US6827786B2 (en) | 2000-12-26 | 2004-12-07 | Stephen M Lord | Machine for production of granular silicon |
| KR100411180B1 (ko) | 2001-01-03 | 2003-12-18 | 한국화학연구원 | 다결정실리콘의 제조방법과 그 장치 |
| DE102005042753A1 (de) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-15 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von granulatförmigem polykristallinem Silicium in einem Wirbelschichtreaktor |
| KR100813131B1 (ko) * | 2006-06-15 | 2008-03-17 | 한국화학연구원 | 유동층 반응기를 이용한 다결정 실리콘의 지속 가능한제조방법 |
| CN203295205U (zh) * | 2013-04-16 | 2013-11-20 | 江苏中能硅业科技发展有限公司 | 流化床反应器 |
| CN107364869A (zh) * | 2013-04-16 | 2017-11-21 | 江苏中能硅业科技发展有限公司 | 流化床反应器及其用于制备高纯粒状多晶硅的方法 |
| DE102014212049A1 (de) * | 2014-06-24 | 2015-12-24 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Wirbelschichtreaktor und Verfahren zur Herstellung von polykristallinem Siliciumgranulat |
-
2016
- 2016-02-25 DE DE102016202991.6A patent/DE102016202991A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-02-23 KR KR1020187015994A patent/KR102095845B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-02-23 WO PCT/EP2017/054177 patent/WO2017144591A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2017-02-23 CA CA3003661A patent/CA3003661C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-02-23 EP EP17706794.9A patent/EP3368203A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-02-23 US US16/078,262 patent/US10562777B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-02-23 CN CN201780013654.XA patent/CN108698008A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-02-23 JP JP2018530508A patent/JP2019511983A/ja not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3003661A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
| CN108698008A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
| WO2017144591A1 (de) | 2017-08-31 |
| CA3003661C (en) | 2020-05-05 |
| DE102016202991A1 (de) | 2017-08-31 |
| KR102095845B1 (ko) | 2020-04-02 |
| JP2019511983A (ja) | 2019-05-09 |
| US20190055130A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
| US10562777B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
| KR20180081111A (ko) | 2018-07-13 |
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