EP3359781B1 - Coal-fired power plant with mill air heat exchanger - Google Patents
Coal-fired power plant with mill air heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- EP3359781B1 EP3359781B1 EP16777979.2A EP16777979A EP3359781B1 EP 3359781 B1 EP3359781 B1 EP 3359781B1 EP 16777979 A EP16777979 A EP 16777979A EP 3359781 B1 EP3359781 B1 EP 3359781B1
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- Prior art keywords
- primary air
- mill
- section
- flow cross
- heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
Definitions
- the invention is directed to a power plant comprising a steam generator having carbon-fuel-fired combustors and having a primary air duct feeding at least one pulverizer mill and at least one primary air duct feeding the at least one coal mill of the pulverizer and supplying at least one fuel mill
- the primary air duct arranged mill air heat exchanger comprises, which has a through-flow of the heated primary air primary air flow cross-section and in the Primärbuchkanalströmungsquerrough an adjacently arranged and controllably closable Primärluftbypassströmungsquerites is assigned.
- the invention is directed to a method for operating such a power plant.
- DE102012019928 A1 and DE4228913 A1 disclose power plants belonging to the state of the art.
- the fuel mills grinding the carbonaceous fuel of the pulverizers supplying the burners must also be heated.
- this refers to start-up or start-up in the context of (re) commissioning of coal mills, which are part of grinding plants, in which fed raw coal is ground and the ground fuel is supplied to coal-fired burners of a steam generator of a coal power plant.
- the mills must be supplied with sufficiently heated primary air so that this primary air can fulfill the functions required for it in the mill as the fuel, in particular the coal, through the respective mill promoting carrier gas and as the wet coal or the wet fuel while sufficiently drying drying medium.
- the burners of the steam generator are first approached by means of oil or gas-fired ignition lances, which form a support fire.
- the resulting flue gas is supplied to the in such (coal) power plant usually arranged in the flue gas duct air preheater (LUVO).
- the flue gas releases heat energy contained therein into the countercurrent air, which is thereby heated.
- This heated air is supplied as heated primary air to the fuel, in particular the coal, grinding fuel mills by means of a primary air duct or more primary air ducts.
- a mill air heat exchanger is arranged on the input side, which is flowed through by the supplied heated primary air before it then flows into the respectively associated or connected mills.
- the metal mass of the heat exchanger circulating or flowing through the supplied heated primary air for heat exchange constitutes a mass which is "cold” in relation to the temperature of the heated primary air.
- the heated primary air can flow through the heat exchanger without significant heat loss and can its entire heat content in or connected mill (s), for example, to dry the raw coal to be ground be used.
- fuel is understood as meaning a solid, carbonaceous fuel, such as, for example, biomass or coal, or mixtures of biomass and coal.
- solid fuels are ground.
- the invention relates to coal-fired power plants with coal-fired burners and coal mills as part of grinding plants which dry and comminute supplied raw coal.
- the fuel mills are each in particular each a Mahltrocknungsstrom.
- the primary air also referred to as mill hot air, so is needed for the transport of the fuel, especially coal, the mill and through the mill and for drying this fuel, especially coal.
- the amount of required primary air or mill hot air is determined by the respective mill size, the water content of the coal and the fuel mass flow leaving the respective mill or the allocator load supplying fuel to the mill.
- the primary air which is preheated by the flue gas flow in the (regenerative) air preheater of the respective power plant is cooled by the mill air heat exchanger again so far that before the mill, the required mixing temperature for drying the Brennstoffts, especially the coal, or the required classifier temperature at the output of the Mill is reached.
- the mill air heat exchanger is usually also arranged in a mill all together with heated primary air or hot air supplying primary air in the flow direction before a branch to the individual mills, determines the fuel mill, especially coal mill, with the largest drying heat demand referred to as "temperature before mill” mixing temperature.
- the required heat output is additionally regulated by means of added mill cold air.
- the mill air heat exchanger For the cooling of the primary air to the desired mixing temperature in front of the mill (“temperature before mill”) is fed to the mill air heat exchanger water side from the water / steam cycle of the connected power plant in the feed water flow direction before the local high-pressure preheaters taken feed water, in the mill air heat exchanger usually heated and then re-mixed the water / steam cycle in the feed water flow direction after the high pressure preheater and before the economizer.
- the primary air flow cross-section through which the primary air flows or can not be closed so that it is fired both during the start and start phase of the power plant, in which the burners of the steam generator are fired in auxiliary fire with an auxiliary fuel-burning ignition lance Also in the later (coal) firing operation is always flowed through by primary air or mill hot air.
- the invention has for its object to provide a solution that allows faster starting or commissioning of fuel mills of a power plant.
- this object is achieved in a method for operating a power plant according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that during a respective start and start phase of the steam generator and the at least one fuel mill of the power plant, in particular during a cold start, for heating the at least a primary air duct connected at least one fuel mill by means of supplied heated primary air at least temporarily closed by the heated primary air flow through primary air flow cross section of Mühlen Kunststofftownleyers and only the opened Primär Kunststoffbypassströmungsquerites is flowed through by the guided in the primary air duct heated primary air.
- the primary air flow cross section is opened and the controllable closing and opening of both the primary air flow cross section and the Primär Kunststoffbypassströmungsqueriteses then take place as required by then located in the normal firing operation burner of the Steam generator and the associated usual regulations and requirements for the mill air heat exchanger.
- the flow cross-section of the mill air heat exchanger through which the primary air is formed is now controllably closable, it can, if desired, be completely closed, so that then the entire primary air is passed through the primary air bypass flow cross-section.
- the entire heated primary air can be passed through the mill air heat exchanger or past it without appreciable loss of heat or temperature, so that the entire heat content of the heated primary air stream can be used to heat the mill already during the start-up phase.
- the mills are preheated faster than those of the prior art and can be put into operation earlier, thereby reducing the oil consumption or gas consumption of the igniter lances of the burners, since a support fire insert is needed only for a shorter time compared to the prior art.
- the primary air flow cross section and the primary air bypass flow cross section can be closed and opened controllably by means of associated adjustable flaps.
- the invention is therefore characterized in an advantageous development in that the primary air flow cross-section of the mill air heat exchanger and the primary air bypass flow cross section formed in the primary air flow cross section are each made controllably closable by means of one or more adjustable flaps.
- the invention provides in a further embodiment, in that the primary air bypass flow cross section is dimensioned such that the entire heated primary air flowing through the primary air channel flow cross section can be passed therethrough.
- the primary air bypass flow area is sized so that all of the heated primary air passing through the primary air flow area can be passed therethrough.
- this invention can be used in all steam generators with grinding plants.
- this water side is connected to a common water inlet and outlet.
- the invention provides in an embodiment that the mill air heat exchanger is connected on the water side to the feed water line of the water / steam cycle of the power plant.
- the mill air heat exchanger is therefore an air / water heat exchanger.
- the inventive method is characterized in that is used during the start and start-up phase of the burner of the steam generator in a multi-mill grinding the heated primary air for the stepwise heating of a fuel mill after the other fuel mill.
- the invention provides in an embodiment that, in the case of several fuel mills connected to the primary air duct, the heated primary air is supplied in succession in a predetermined order, the heated primary air being fed to a next fuel mill only after sufficient heating of the preceding fuel mill in the intended sequence. In this case, it is then also possible to preheat two fuel mills, in particular coal mills, in parallel.
- the mill air heat exchanger can be kept at the same pressure as in the feed water line during the start and start-up phase and the feed water does not evaporate in the mill air heat exchanger, the mill air heat exchanger is flowed through on the water side.
- the invention is therefore also characterized by the fact that the mill air heat exchanger is flowed through by a minimum flow rate of cooling water on the water side during the respective start and start phase.
- the regulating valve of the mill air heat exchanger for the start-up phase is set to a fixed position.
- the invention provides that at the end of the starting and starting phase, the flow through the hitherto closed primary air flow cross section of the mill air heat exchanger is made possible.
- the invention is characterized in that at the end of the respective start and start phase, in particular when the combustor fired with carbonaceous fuel burner are switched to a furnace without Stützfeueranni, the hitherto opened Primär Kunststoffbypassströmungsquer songs closed and the the heated primary air flow through the primary air flow cross-section of the mill air heat exchanger and opened by the guided in the primary air duct heated primary air is flowed through exclusively.
- the hitherto closed primary air flow cross section of the mill air heat exchanger through which the heated primary air can flow is initially opened and then the primary air bypass flow cross section opened is closed, so that the heated primary air guided in the primary air passage now flows exclusively through the primary air flow cross section of the mill air heat exchanger.
- the exemplary embodiment relates to a coal power plant with a steam generator having a coal-fired burner, wherein the burners in coal mills of a grinding plant are ground and dried coal supplied as fuel.
- this is a particular embodiment of a power plant having carbon-fueled burner of a steam generator which burns fuel ground in fuel mills.
- the grinding plant described here corresponds to the usual equipment of a power plant with coal mills, so that will not be discussed here.
- FIG. 1 shows an indicated and designated 1 primary air duct in whose Primär povertykanalströmungsquerites 2 a mill air heat exchanger 3 is arranged.
- the mill air heat exchanger 3 is arranged in the primary air duct flow cross section 2 in such a way that, with its primary air flow cross section 4 through which the primary air 16 can flow, it covers the latter except for a primary air bypass flow cross section 5.
- the Primary air bypass flow section 5 is arranged and formed adjacent to and adjacent to primary air flow section 4.
- the primary air duct 1 continues and directs the entire primary air 16, which has flowed through the primary air flow cross-section 4 and / or the primary air bypass flow cross-section 5, to a grinding plant 21 comprising one or more fuel mills in the form of coal mills 17-20.
- FIG. 2 of the coal power plant.
- the Primär Kunststoffbypassströmungsquerites 5 is closed by means of at least one associated flap 7 controllable.
- a primary air sub-channel 8 corresponding to the opening of the primary air flow cross-section 4 is formed, by means of which primary air can be supplied to the primary air flow cross-section 4 of the mill air heat exchanger 3.
- This primary air sub-channel 8 is closed by means of the embodiment three adjustable or pivotable flaps 9, 10 and 11 adjustable.
- the Primär povertybypassströmungsquerites 5 is dimensioned in the embodiment such that, if desired, the entire conveyed in the primary air duct 1 heated primary air 16 can be passed through this.
- the Primärluftbypassströmungsquerites 5 is preferably at least dimensioned such that the primary air flow through the Primärluftbypassströmungsquerrough 5 at least for the operation of one of the fuel mills 17-20 is dimensioned sufficiently.
- the mill air heat exchanger 3 is connected via a feedwater supply line 12 and a feedwater discharge line 13 to the water / steam cycle of the associated coal power station.
- the coal power plant includes in the usual way a steam generator with coal-fired burners and a connected to the steam generator water / steam cycle, which are not shown here.
- the mill air heat exchanger 3 is integrated into the primary air supply or mill hot air supply in a conventional manner, this as usual of a regenerative air preheater starting a primary air line connection to the individual mills 17-20 represents, the primary air duct 1 is usually the only channel with the mill air heat exchanger 3 and the branches 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d are provided to individual mills 17, 18, 19, 20 of the grinding plant 21 with respect to the direction of flow of the primary air 16 downstream of the mill air heat exchanger 3.
- These facilities are except for the schematic representation of Fig. 2 not shown in detail, since they correspond to the usual design of coal-fired power plants.
- FIG. 2 shows an air preheater (LUVO) 14, by means of which is transferred from a supplied through a flue gas duct 15 flue gas of the steam generator thermal energy to opposite flowing air, for example, supplied primary air 16.
- the supplied primary air 16 is supplied in the primary air duct 1 of a four coal mills 17, 18, 19, 20 comprising grinding plant 21, wherein from the primary air duct 1 each to a single coal mill 17, 18, 19, 20 leading branch lines 1a-1d are formed.
- the flue gas channel 1 of the inventively designed mill air heat exchanger 3 is arranged.
- the primary air duct 1 conveying primary heated air 16 opens into the primary air duct 1 a cold primary air branch line 22 branching into the air preheater before entry of the primary air 16.
- a second primary air duct 23 also supplies heated primary air to the mills 17-20 and a third primary air duct 24 carries cold primary air to the mills 17-20.
- the shut-off valve 7 of the Primär Kunststoffbypassströmungsqueriteses 5 is set to "fully open” and the shut-off valves 9 to 11 of the primary air flow cross-section 4 to "fully closed", so that the air side bypass to the mill air heat exchanger 3 is fully open .
- a minimum flow rate of the mill air heat exchanger 3 is set with a volume control, so that no evaporation in the heat exchanger surfaces of the mill air heat exchanger 3 can occur. If, in the course of the start-up and start-up phase, the flue gas temperature of the flue gas leaving the steam generator has reached a required temperature of at least 120 ° C.
- the coal mills 17-20 connected to the primary air duct 1 can be preheated .
- heated primary air 16 is then supplied to the primary air duct 1 and, in the above-described position of the flaps 7 and 9-11, is fed completely through the primary air bypass flow section 5 and past the primary air flow cross section 4 to the coal mill or grinders 17-20. Due to the switching of the flaps 7 and 9-11, the thermal energy content and the temperature of the heated primary air 16 remain approximately constant and unchanged when passing through the mill air heat exchanger 3.
- closure means that the one or the flaps 7, 9-11 respectively associated flow cross-section, namely either the primary air flow cross-section 4 or the Primär Kunststoffbypassströmungsquerites 5, by means of the respective associated flaps 7, 9-11 fluidically with respect to the incoming primary air 16 can be completely closed.
- the start-up phase of the mill air heat exchanger begins with the start of the ignition firing and thus the Stützfashionungs tenues, in which the fired with oil or gas as an auxiliary fuel ignition lance is operated in each burner.
- the end of the start-up phase of the mill air heat exchanger is reached when one or more of the grinders 17-20 go into operation or have gone and the minimum heat input has been achieved without backup firing insert in the steam generator and a cooling of the primary air is required and then raised the butterfly valves 9-11 and the shut-off valve 7 closed, so the primary air flow cross-section 4 is released for the flow of heated air and the Primär Kunststoffbypassströmungsquerites 5 is closed for the flow of heated primary air.
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Description
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf ein Kraftwerk, das einen Dampferzeuger, der mit kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff befeuerte Brenner aufweist und eine mindestens eine Brennstoffmühle umfassende Mahlanlage sowie mindestens einen an die mindestens eine Kohlemühle der Mahlanlage angeschlossenen und der mindestens einen Brennstoffmühle erwärmte Primärluft zuführenden Primärluftkanal aufweist, der einen im Primärluftkanalströmungsquerschnitt des Primärluftkanals angeordneten Mühlenluftwärmetauscher umfasst, der einen von der erwärmten Primärluft durchströmbaren Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt aufweist und dem im Primärluftkanalströmungsquerschnitt ein benachbart angeordneter und regelbar verschließbarer Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt zugeordnet ist.The invention is directed to a power plant comprising a steam generator having carbon-fuel-fired combustors and having a primary air duct feeding at least one pulverizer mill and at least one primary air duct feeding the at least one coal mill of the pulverizer and supplying at least one fuel mill In the Primärluftkanalströmungsquerschnitt the primary air duct arranged mill air heat exchanger comprises, which has a through-flow of the heated primary air primary air flow cross-section and in the Primärluftkanalströmungsquerschnitt an adjacently arranged and controllably closable Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt is assigned.
Ebenso richtet sich die Erfindung auf ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen Kraftwerkes. Die Druckschriften
Beim Anfahren von Kraftwerken, deren Dampferzeuger mit kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff befeuerte Brenner aufweisen, müssen auch die den kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoff mahlenden Brennstoffmühlen der die Brenner versorgenden Mahlanlagen erwärmt werden. Insbesondere betriff dies das Anfahren oder Starten im Sinne von (Wieder-)Inbetriebnehmen von Kohlemühlen, die Bestandteil von Mahlanlagen sind, in denen zugeführte Rohkohle aufgemahlen und der gemahlene Brennstoff kohlenbefeuerten Brennern eines Dampferzeugers eines Kohlekraftwerkes zugeführt wird. Auch muss den Mühlen ausreichend erwärmte Primärluft zugeführt werden, damit diese Primärluft die ihr in der Mühle zukommenden Funktionen als den Brennstoff, insbesondere die Kohle, durch die jeweilige Mühle förderndes Traggas und als die feuchte Kohle oder den feuchten Brennstoff dabei ausreichend trocknendes Trocknungsmedium erfüllen kann. Während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Kraftwerks, insbesondere Kohlekraftwerkes, werden die Brenner des Dampferzeugers zunächst mit Hilfe von öl- oder gasgefeuerten Zündlanzen, die eine Stützfeuerung ausbilden, angefahren. Das dabei entstehende Rauchgas wird dem bei derartigen (Kohle)Kraftwerk üblicherweise im Rauchgaskanal angeordneten Luftvorwärmer (LUVO) zugeführt.When starting up power plants whose steam generators have burners fueled with carbonaceous fuel, the fuel mills grinding the carbonaceous fuel of the pulverizers supplying the burners must also be heated. In particular, this refers to start-up or start-up in the context of (re) commissioning of coal mills, which are part of grinding plants, in which fed raw coal is ground and the ground fuel is supplied to coal-fired burners of a steam generator of a coal power plant. Also, the mills must be supplied with sufficiently heated primary air so that this primary air can fulfill the functions required for it in the mill as the fuel, in particular the coal, through the respective mill promoting carrier gas and as the wet coal or the wet fuel while sufficiently drying drying medium. During the start and start-up phase of the power plant, especially coal-fired power plant, the burners of the steam generator are first approached by means of oil or gas-fired ignition lances, which form a support fire. The resulting flue gas is supplied to the in such (coal) power plant usually arranged in the flue gas duct air preheater (LUVO).
Im Luftvorwärmer gibt das Rauchgas darin enthaltene Wärmeenergie an im Gegenstrom zugeführt Luft ab, die dadurch erwärmt wird. Diese erwärmte Luft wird als erwärmte Primärluft den den Brennstoff, insbesondere die Kohle, mahlenden Brennstoffmühlen mittels eines Primärluftkanals oder mehrerer Primärluftkanäle zugeführt. Im Primärluftkanalströmungsquerschnitt zumindest eines dieser Primärluftkanäle ist eingangsseitig in Strömungsrichtung vor den angeschlossenen Mühlen ein Mühlenluftwärmetauscher angeordnet, der von der zugeführten erwärmten Primärluft durchströmt wird, bevor diese dann in die jeweils zugeordneten oder angeschlossenen Mühlen einströmt. Zumindest zu Beginn einer jeweiligen Start- und Anfahrphase des Kraftwerkes stellt die zwecks eines Wärmeaustausches von der zugeführten erwärmten Primärluft umströmte oder durchströmte Metallmasse des Wärmetauschers eine im Verhältnis zur Temperatur der erwärmten Primärluft "kalte" Masse dar. Dies führt dazu, dass die erwärmte Primärluft an dieser Masse des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers abkühlt, d.h. Wärmeenergie an diese Masse abgibt, die danach in der Mühle beispielsweise für die Trocknung von Kohle durch die Primärluft als Trocknungsmedium nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht. Erst wenn die "kalte" Masse des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers auf die Temperatur der erwärmten Primärluft erwärmt worden ist, kann die erwärmte Primärluft den Wärmetauscher ohne nennenswerte Wärmeverluste durchströmen und kann ihr gesamter Wärmeinhalt in der oder den angeschlossenen Mühle(n) beispielsweise zur Trocknung der zu mahlenden Rohkohle genutzt werden. Dies führt dazu, dass beim Anfahren unnötigerweise Wärmeenergie aus der Primärluft abgezogen wird, die dann zum Vorwärmen der Brennstoffmühlen fehlt. Daraus resultierten eine relativ späte Zuschaltung oder Betriebsaufnahme der (ersten) Mühle und zudem eine entsprechend langen Brennphase der ölbefeuerten Zündlanzen der Stützfeuerung mit den entsprechenden Hilfsbrennstoffverbräuchen.In the air preheater, the flue gas releases heat energy contained therein into the countercurrent air, which is thereby heated. This heated air is supplied as heated primary air to the fuel, in particular the coal, grinding fuel mills by means of a primary air duct or more primary air ducts. In the primary air duct flow cross-section of at least one of these primary air ducts upstream of the connected mills a mill air heat exchanger is arranged on the input side, which is flowed through by the supplied heated primary air before it then flows into the respectively associated or connected mills. At least at the beginning of each respective start and start phase of the power plant, the metal mass of the heat exchanger circulating or flowing through the supplied heated primary air for heat exchange constitutes a mass which is "cold" in relation to the temperature of the heated primary air. This leads to the heated primary air cools this mass of the mill air heat exchanger, ie Heat energy releases to this mass, which is then no longer available in the mill, for example, for the drying of coal by the primary air as a drying medium. Only when the "cold" mass of Mühlenluftwärmetauschers has been heated to the temperature of the heated primary air, the heated primary air can flow through the heat exchanger without significant heat loss and can its entire heat content in or connected mill (s), for example, to dry the raw coal to be ground be used. As a result, heat energy is unnecessarily removed from the primary air during startup, which then is missing for preheating the fuel mills. This resulted in a relatively late connection or operating reception of the (first) mill and also a correspondingly long firing phase of the oil-fired ignition lances of the auxiliary firing with the corresponding auxiliary fuel consumption.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung wird unter Brennstoff ein fester, kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoff, wie beispielsweise Biomasse oder Kohle oder Mischungen aus Biomasse und Kohle verstanden. Unter Brennstoffmühle werden Mühlen und unter Mahlanlagen mehrere Mühlen umfassende Einrichtungen verstanden, mit welchen derartige feste Brennstoffe gemahlen werden. Diese Mühlen sind dann Bestandteil eines Kraftwerkes oder einem Kraftwerk zugeordnet, in welchem der feste Brennstoff in Brennern eines Dampferzeugers verfeuert wird. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung Kohlekraftwerke mit kohlenbefeuerten Brennern und Kohlemühlen als Bestandteil von Mahlanlagen, die zugeführte Rohkohle trocknen und zerkleinern. Insofern handelt es sich bei den Brennstoffmühlen insbesondere jeweils um eine Mahltrocknungsanlage.In the context of the present application, fuel is understood as meaning a solid, carbonaceous fuel, such as, for example, biomass or coal, or mixtures of biomass and coal. Under fuel mill mills and grinders several mills comprehensive facilities are understood, with which such solid fuels are ground. These mills are then part of a power plant or power plant assigned, in which the solid fuel is burned in burners of a steam generator. In particular, the invention relates to coal-fired power plants with coal-fired burners and coal mills as part of grinding plants which dry and comminute supplied raw coal. In this respect, the fuel mills are each in particular each a Mahltrocknungsanlage.
Die Primärluft, auch als Mühlenheißluft bezeichnet, wird also für den Transport des Brennstoffs, insbesondere Kohle, zur Mühle und durch die Mühle sowie zur Trocknung dieses Brennstoffs, insbesondere Kohle, benötigt. Die Menge an benötigter Primärluft oder Mühlenheißluft bestimmt sich aus der jeweiligen Mühlengröße, dem Wassergehalt der Kohle und dem die jeweilige Mühle verlassenden Brennstoffmassenstrom oder der der Mühle Brennstoff zuführenden Zuteilerbelastung. Die Primärluft, die durch den Rauchgasstrom im (regenerativ) Luftvorwärmer des jeweiligen Kraftwerks vorgewärmt wird, wird mittels des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers wieder soweit abgekühlt, dass vor der Mühle die erforderliche Mischtemperatur zur Trocknung des Brennstoffts, insbesondere der Kohle, bzw. die erforderliche Sichtertemperatur am Ausgang der Mühle erreicht wird. Da der Mühlenluftwärmetauscher in der Regel zudem in einer alle Mühlen gemeinsam mit erwärmter Primärluft oder Heißluft versorgenden Primärluftleitung in Strömungsrichtung vor einem Abzweig zu den einzelnen Mühlen angeordnet ist, bestimmt die Brennstoffmühle, insbesondere Kohlemühle, mit dem größten Trocknungswärmebedarf die als "Temperatur vor Mühle" bezeichnete Mischtemperatur. Bei den anderen an die Primärluftleitung angeschlossenen Mühlen wird die erforderliche Wärmeleistung zusätzlich mittels zugemischter Mühlenkaltluft geregelt. Für die Abkühlung der Primärluft auf die gewünschte Mischtemperatur vor der Mühle ("Temperatur vor Mühle") wird dem Mühlenluftwärmetauscher wasserseitig aus dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf des angeschlossenen Kraftwerks in Speisewasserströmungsrichtung vor den dortigen Hochdruck-Vorwärmern entnommenes Speisewasser zugeführt, im Mühlenluftwärmetauscher in der Regel aufgeheizt und danach dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf in Speisewasserströmungsrichtung nach dem Hochdruckvorwärmer und vor dem Economizer wieder zugemischt. Alternativ besteht die Möglichkeit, Speisewasser aus der Niederdruckvorwärmstrecke zu entnehmen, den Mühlenluftwärmetauscher parallel zum Niederdruckvorwärmer zu durchströmen und das Speisewasser vor der HD-Speisewasserpumpe wieder der Speisewasserleitung zuzuführen.The primary air, also referred to as mill hot air, so is needed for the transport of the fuel, especially coal, the mill and through the mill and for drying this fuel, especially coal. The amount of required primary air or mill hot air is determined by the respective mill size, the water content of the coal and the fuel mass flow leaving the respective mill or the allocator load supplying fuel to the mill. The primary air, which is preheated by the flue gas flow in the (regenerative) air preheater of the respective power plant is cooled by the mill air heat exchanger again so far that before the mill, the required mixing temperature for drying the Brennstoffts, especially the coal, or the required classifier temperature at the output of the Mill is reached. Since the mill air heat exchanger is usually also arranged in a mill all together with heated primary air or hot air supplying primary air in the flow direction before a branch to the individual mills, determines the fuel mill, especially coal mill, with the largest drying heat demand referred to as "temperature before mill" mixing temperature. For the other mills connected to the primary air line, the required heat output is additionally regulated by means of added mill cold air. For the cooling of the primary air to the desired mixing temperature in front of the mill ("temperature before mill") is fed to the mill air heat exchanger water side from the water / steam cycle of the connected power plant in the feed water flow direction before the local high-pressure preheaters taken feed water, in the mill air heat exchanger usually heated and then re-mixed the water / steam cycle in the feed water flow direction after the high pressure preheater and before the economizer. Alternatively, it is possible to remove feed water from the Niederdruckvorwärmstrecke, the mill air heat exchanger parallel to the low pressure preheater flow through and feed the feed water in front of the HD feedwater pump back to the feedwater line.
Bei den aus der Praxis bekannten Mühlenluftwärmetauschern lässt sich dessen luftseitig von der Primärluft durchströmter oder durchströmbarer Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt nicht verschließen, so dass er sowohl während der Start- und Anfahrphase des Kraftwerkes, bei welcher die Brenner der Dampferzeugers im Stützfeuerungseinsatz mit einer hilfsbrennstoffverfeuernden Zündlanze befeuert werden, als auch im späteren (Kohle)Feuerungsbetrieb immer von Primärluft oder Mühlenheißluft durchströmt wird. Lediglich die Menge an Primärluft oder Mühlenheißluft, die diesen Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers durchströmt, lässt sich gewissermaßen dadurch regeln, dass ein zum Mühlenluftwärmetauscher benachbart angeordneter und regelbar verschließbarer Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt vorgesehen ist, der durch Öffnen oder Schließen einer Bypassklappe hinsichtlich der ihn durchströmenden Primärluftmenge oder Heißluftmenge regelbar ist. Diese Ausgestaltung der aus der Praxis bekannten Mühlenluftwärmetauscher führt zu der vorstehend erläuterten Problematik, dass während der Start- und Anfahrphase des (Kohle)Kraftwerkes die Primärluft oder Mühlenheißluft zunächst immer erst die "kalte" Masse des nicht verschließbaren Primärluftströmungsquerschnittes erwärmen muss. Die hierdurch verursachten Wärmeverluste werden in letzter Zeit deshalb relevant, weil aufgrund der Vorrangschaltung von erneuerbarer Energie insbesondere kohlebefeuerte Kraftwerke in Abhängigkeit von der vorrangigen Stromeinspeisung aus regenerativen Energiequellen häufig herauf- und herabgefahren werden müssen.In the mill air heat exchangers known from practice, the primary air flow cross-section through which the primary air flows or can not be closed, so that it is fired both during the start and start phase of the power plant, in which the burners of the steam generator are fired in auxiliary fire with an auxiliary fuel-burning ignition lance Also in the later (coal) firing operation is always flowed through by primary air or mill hot air. Only the amount of primary air or mill hot air that flows through this Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt the mill air heat exchanger can be controlled so to speak, that an adjacent to Mühlenluftwärmetauscher arranged and controllable closable Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt is provided by opening or closing a bypass damper with respect to the amount of primary air or hot air flowing through it , This refinement of the mill air heat exchanger known from practice leads to the above-explained problem that during the start and start phase of the (coal) power plant, the primary air or mill hot air first always first has to heat the "cold" mass of the nonclosable primary air flow cross section. The resulting heat losses are lately relevant because, because of the priority circuit of renewable energy in particular coal-fired power plants depending on the priority power supply from renewable energy sources often have to be raised and lowered.
Erst wenn die Brennstoffmühlen, insbesondere Kohlemühlen, ausreichend vorgewärmt sind und von diesen ausreichend trockener Brennstoff, insbesondere trockene Kohle, in einem für die Befeuerung der Brenner ausreichenden Brennstoffmassenstrom bereitgestellt werden kann, werden die Brennstoffmühlen in Betrieb genommen und werden die Brenner auf Brennstofffeuerung, insbesondere Kohlefeuerung, umgestellt.Only when the fuel mills, in particular coal mills, are sufficiently preheated and can be provided by these sufficiently dry fuel, in particular dry coal, in a sufficient fuel for firing the burner fuel mass flow, the fuel mills are put into operation and the burners on fuel firing, especially coal firing , rearranged.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Lösung zu schaffen, die ein schnelleres Starten oder Inbetriebnehmen von Brennstoffmühlen eines Kraftwerkes ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a solution that allows faster starting or commissioning of fuel mills of a power plant.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Kraftwerk der eingangs näher bezeichneten Art dadurch gelöst, dass der von der erwärmten Primärluft durchströmbare Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers regelbar verschließbar ausgebildet ist.This object is achieved in a power plant of the type described in more detail by the fact that the through-flow of the heated primary air primary air flow cross-section of the mill air heat exchanger is formed adjustable closed.
Ebenso wird diese Aufgabe bei einem Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftwerkes nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4 dadurch gelöst, dass während einer jeweiligen Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers und der mindestens einen Brennstoffmühle des Kraftwerks, insbesondere bei einem Kaltstart, zur Erwärmung der an den mindestens einen Primärluftkanal angeschlossenen mindestens einen Brennstoffmühle mittels zugeführter erwärmter Primärluft zumindest temporär der von der erwärmten Primärluft durchströmbare Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers verschlossen und ausschließlich der geöffnete Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt von der im Primärluftkanal geführten erwärmten Primärluft durchströmt wird.Likewise, this object is achieved in a method for operating a power plant according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that during a respective start and start phase of the steam generator and the at least one fuel mill of the power plant, in particular during a cold start, for heating the at least a primary air duct connected at least one fuel mill by means of supplied heated primary air at least temporarily closed by the heated primary air flow through primary air flow cross section of Mühlenluftwärmetauschers and only the opened Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt is flowed through by the guided in the primary air duct heated primary air.
Mittels der Erfindung wird es also möglich, beim Anfahren, d.h. während einer jeweiligen Start- und Anfahrphase des Dampferzeugers und der mindestens einen Brennstoffmühle, insbesondere Kohlemühle, des Kraftwerkes, die "kalte Masse" des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers auszuschalten und die erwärmte Primärluft an dieser "kalten Masse" durch den Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt hindurch vollständig vorbeizuführen. Wenn dann die mindestens eine Mühle oder alle an die Primärluftleitung oder Primärluftkanal angeschlossenen Mühlen ausreichend warm sind, wird die Start- und Anfahrphase beendet und werden die Brenner auf die betriebsadäquate Brennstofffeuerung umgestellt. Der Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt wird geöffnet und das regelbare Verschließen und Öffnen sowohl des Primärluftströmungsquerschnittes als auch des Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnittes erfolgen dann je nach Erfordernis der sich dann im normalen Feuerungsbetrieb befindenden Brenner des Dampferzeugers und den damit einhergehenden üblichen Regelungen und Anforderungen an den Mühlenluftwärmetauscher.By means of the invention it is thus possible, during start-up, ie during a respective start and start phase of the steam generator and the at least one fuel mill, especially coal mill, the power plant to turn off the "cold mass" of Mühlenluftwärmetauschers and the heated primary air at this "cold mass Completely pass through the Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt. If then the at least one mill or all connected to the primary air duct or primary air duct mills are sufficiently warm, the start and start phase is stopped and the burners are switched to the operating adequate fuel firing. The primary air flow cross section is opened and the controllable closing and opening of both the primary air flow cross section and the Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnittes then take place as required by then located in the normal firing operation burner of the Steam generator and the associated usual regulations and requirements for the mill air heat exchanger.
Dadurch, dass der von der Primärluft durchströmbare Strömungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers nunmehr regelbar verschließbar ausgebildet ist, kann er gewünschtenfalls vollständig verschlossen werden, so dass dann die gesamte Primärluft durch den Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt geleitet wird. Dies führt dazu, dass die gesamte erwärmte Primärluft ohne einen nennenswerten Wärme- oder Temperaturverlust durch den Mühlenluftwärmetauscher hindurch oder an diesem vorbei geführt werden kann, so dass bereits während der Anfahrphase der gesamte Wärmeinhalt des erwärmten Primärluftstromes für die Erwärmung der Mühle verwendet werden kann. Dadurch werden die Mühlen gegenüber solchen des vorbekannten Standes der Technik schneller vorerwärmt und können früher in Betrieb gehen, wodurch der Ölverbrauch oder Gasverbrauch der Zündlanzen der Brenner vermindert wird, da ein Stützfeuereinsatz nur für einen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik kürzeren Zeitraum benötigt wird.Due to the fact that the flow cross-section of the mill air heat exchanger through which the primary air is formed is now controllably closable, it can, if desired, be completely closed, so that then the entire primary air is passed through the primary air bypass flow cross-section. As a result, the entire heated primary air can be passed through the mill air heat exchanger or past it without appreciable loss of heat or temperature, so that the entire heat content of the heated primary air stream can be used to heat the mill already during the start-up phase. As a result, the mills are preheated faster than those of the prior art and can be put into operation earlier, thereby reducing the oil consumption or gas consumption of the igniter lances of the burners, since a support fire insert is needed only for a shorter time compared to the prior art.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung und Anordnung des Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers und des Primärluftströmungsquerschnitts des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers innerhalb eines Primärluftkanals ist wesentlich kostengünstiger und technisch weniger aufwendig zu realisieren als die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Lösung, bei welcher eine den Mühlenluftwärmetauscher vollständig umgehende komplette Bypassleitung am Mühlenluftwärmetauscher ausgebildet ist. Insbesondere dann, wenn bestehende Anlagen nachgerüstet werden sollen, ist die erfindungsgemäße Lösung von Vorteil und die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Lösung nachteilig.The inventive design and arrangement of Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt the Mühlenluftwärmetauschers and the Primärluftströmungsquerschnitts Mühlenluftwärmetauschers within a primary air duct is much cheaper and technically less complicated to implement than the known from the prior art solution in which a mill air heat exchanger completely immediate complete bypass line is formed on Mühlenluftwärmetauscher. In particular, if existing systems are to be retrofitted, the solution according to the invention is advantageous and the solution known from the prior art is disadvantageous.
Zudem ist bei kohlebefeuerten Dampferzeugern kein "100 %"-Bypass des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers erforderlich, d.h. es muss lediglich die Primärluftmenge über den Bypass, d.h. an dem Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers vorbei, durchgesetzt werden, die zum Erreichen der minimalen Feuerungswärmeleistung des Dampferzeugers zum Betrieb ohne Stützfeuereinsatz (Zufeuerung von Zündbrennstoff oder Hilfsbrennstoff, wie z.B. Heizöl oder Erdgas, insbesondere mittels Zündlanzen) erforderlich ist.In addition, in coal-fired steam generators, no "100%" bypass of the mill air heat exchanger is required, ie only the amount of primary air passing through the bypass, ie past the primary air flow cross section of the mill air heat exchanger, must be enforced to achieve the minimum heat output of the steam generator for operation without support fire insert ( Firing of pilot fuel or auxiliary fuel, such as fuel oil or natural gas, in particular by means of ignition lances) is required.
In technisch und konstruktiv relativ einfacher Weise lassen sich der Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt und der Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt mittels zugeordneter verstellbarer Klappen regelbar verschließen und öffnen. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich daher in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung dadurch aus, dass der Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers und der im Primärluftkanalströmungsquerschnitt ausgebildete Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt jeweils mittels einer oder mehrerer verstellbarer Klappen regelbar verschließbar ausgebildet sind.In a technically and structurally relatively simple manner, the primary air flow cross section and the primary air bypass flow cross section can be closed and opened controllably by means of associated adjustable flaps. The invention is therefore characterized in an advantageous development in that the primary air flow cross-section of the mill air heat exchanger and the primary air bypass flow cross section formed in the primary air flow cross section are each made controllably closable by means of one or more adjustable flaps.
Um die gesamte im Primärluftkanal geförderte Primärluftmenge oder Mühlenheißluftmenge, die zum Betrieb des Dampferzeugers mit minimaler Feuerungswärmeleistung ohne Stützfeuerungseinsatz (Zufeuerung von Zündbrennstoff wie z.B. Heizöl oder Erdgas) erforderlich ist, durch den Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt fördern und leiten zu können, sieht die Erfindung in weiterer Ausgestaltung vor, dass der Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt derart bemessen ist, dass die gesamte den Primärluftkanalströmungsquerschnitt durchströmende erwärmte Primärluft durch diesen hindurchführbar ist.In order to be able to convey and guide the entire quantity of primary air or mill hot air conveyed in the primary air duct, which is required for operation of the steam generator with minimum heat input without support combustion (ignition of ignition fuel such as fuel oil or natural gas) through the primary air bypass flow cross section, the invention provides in a further embodiment, in that the primary air bypass flow cross section is dimensioned such that the entire heated primary air flowing through the primary air channel flow cross section can be passed therethrough.
Bei Dampferzeugern, die für die Verbrennung von Brennstoffen mit hohem Trocknungsbedarf (z.B. Biomasse) konzipiert sind, wird der Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt derart bemessen, dass die gesamte den Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt durchströmende erwärmte Primärluft durch diesen hindurchführbar ist. Grundsätzlich ist diese Erfindung bei allen Dampferzeugern mit Mahlanlagen einsetzbar.In steam generators designed for the combustion of high desiccation fuels (e.g., biomass), the primary air bypass flow area is sized so that all of the heated primary air passing through the primary air flow area can be passed therethrough. In principle, this invention can be used in all steam generators with grinding plants.
Um den Mühlenluftwärmetauscher wie sonst üblich verwenden sowie steuern und regeln zu können, ist dieser wasserseitig an eine übliche Wasserzu- und ableitung angeschlossen. In dieser Hinsicht sieht die Erfindung in Ausgestaltung vor, dass der Mühlenluftwärmetauscher wasserseitig an die Speisewasserleitung des Wasser/Dampf-Kreislaufes des Kraftwerks angeschlossen ist. Bei dem Mühlenluftwärmetauscher handelt es sich also um einen Luft/Wasser-Wärmetauscher.In order to use the mill air heat exchanger as usual and to control and regulate, this water side is connected to a common water inlet and outlet. In this regard, the invention provides in an embodiment that the mill air heat exchanger is connected on the water side to the feed water line of the water / steam cycle of the power plant. The mill air heat exchanger is therefore an air / water heat exchanger.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass während der Start- und Anfahrphase der Brenner des Dampferzeugers bei einer mehrere Mühlen umfassenden Mahlanlage die erwärmte Primärluft für die schrittweise Erwärmung einer Brennstoffmühle nach der anderen Brennstoffmühle genutzt wird. Diesbezüglich sieht die Erfindung in Ausgestaltung vor, dass bei mehreren an den Primärluftkanal angeschlossenen Brennstoffmühlen diesen die erwärmte Primärluft nacheinander in einer vorgesehenen Reihenfolge zugeführt wird, wobei die erwärmter Primärluft einer nächsten Brennstoffmühle erst nach erfolgter ausreichender Erwärmung der in der vorgesehenen Reihenfolge vorhergehenden Brennstoffmühle zugeführt wird. Hierbei ist es dann weiterhin möglich, auch zwei Brennstoffmühlen, insbesondere Kohlemühlen, parallel vorzuwärmen.The inventive method is characterized in that is used during the start and start-up phase of the burner of the steam generator in a multi-mill grinding the heated primary air for the stepwise heating of a fuel mill after the other fuel mill. In this regard, the invention provides in an embodiment that, in the case of several fuel mills connected to the primary air duct, the heated primary air is supplied in succession in a predetermined order, the heated primary air being fed to a next fuel mill only after sufficient heating of the preceding fuel mill in the intended sequence. In this case, it is then also possible to preheat two fuel mills, in particular coal mills, in parallel.
Damit während der Start- und Anfahrphase der Mühlenluftwärmetauscher auf dem gleichen Druck wie in der Speisewasserleitung gehalten werden kann und das Speisewasser im Mühlenluftwärmetauscher nicht zur Ausdampfung kommt, wird der Mühlenluftwärmetauscher wasserseitig durchströmt. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich daher weiterhin auch dadurch aus, dass der Mühlenluftwärmetauscher während der jeweiligen Start- und Anfahrphase wasserseitig von einer Mindestdurchflussmenge an Kühlwasser durchströmt wird.So that the mill air heat exchanger can be kept at the same pressure as in the feed water line during the start and start-up phase and the feed water does not evaporate in the mill air heat exchanger, the mill air heat exchanger is flowed through on the water side. The invention is therefore also characterized by the fact that the mill air heat exchanger is flowed through by a minimum flow rate of cooling water on the water side during the respective start and start phase.
Wenn eine Regelung der wasserseitigen Mindestmenge nicht möglich ist, wird das Regelventil des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers für die Anfahrphase auf eine feste Stellung eingestellt.If it is not possible to regulate the water side minimum quantity, the regulating valve of the mill air heat exchanger for the start-up phase is set to a fixed position.
Schließlich sieht die Erfindung vor, dass zum Ende der Start- und Anfahrphase die Durchströmung des bis dahin verschlossenen Primärluftströmungsquerschnittes des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers ermöglicht wird. Zu diesem Zwecke zeichnet sich die Erfindung dadurch aus, dass mit dem Ende der jeweiligen Start- und Anfahrphase, insbesondere dann, wenn die mit kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff befeuerten Brenner des Dampferzeugers auf eine Feuerung ohne Stützfeuereinsatz umgestellt werden, der bis dahin geöffnete Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt geschlossen und der von der erwärmten Primärluft durchströmbare Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers geöffnet und von der im Primärluftkanal geführten erwärmten Primärluft ausschließlich durchströmt wird. Hierbei wird in der Regel zunächst der bis dahin geschlossene, von der erwärmten Primärluft durchströmbare Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers geöffnet und wird anschließend der bis dahin geöffnete Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt geschlossen, so dass nun die im Primärluftkanal geführte erwärmte Primärluft ausschließlich den Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers durchströmt.Finally, the invention provides that at the end of the starting and starting phase, the flow through the hitherto closed primary air flow cross section of the mill air heat exchanger is made possible. For this purpose, the invention is characterized in that at the end of the respective start and start phase, in particular when the combustor fired with carbonaceous fuel burner are switched to a furnace without Stützfeuereinsatz, the hitherto opened Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt closed and the the heated primary air flow through the primary air flow cross-section of the mill air heat exchanger and opened by the guided in the primary air duct heated primary air is flowed through exclusively. In this case, the hitherto closed primary air flow cross section of the mill air heat exchanger through which the heated primary air can flow is initially opened and then the primary air bypass flow cross section opened is closed, so that the heated primary air guided in the primary air passage now flows exclusively through the primary air flow cross section of the mill air heat exchanger.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand einer Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert. Diese zeigt in
- Fig. 1
- in einer schematischen Prinzipdarstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß ausgestatteten Mühlenluftwärmetauschers nach der Erfindung und in
- Fig. 2
- ein prinzipielles Schaltschema einer Mühlenanlage nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
- Fig. 1
- in a schematic schematic diagram of an embodiment of an inventively equipped mill air heat exchanger according to the invention and in
- Fig. 2
- a schematic diagram of a mill system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel betrifft ein Kohlekraftwerk mit einem kohlebefeuerte Brenner aufweisenden Dampferzeuger, wobei den Brennern in Kohlemühlen einer Mahlanlage gemahlene und getrocknete Kohle als Brennstoff zugeführt wird. Insofern handelt es sich hierbei um ein spezielles Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kraftwerks, das mit kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff befeuerte Brenner eines Dampferzeugers aufweist, die in Brennstoffmühlen gemahlenen Brennstoff verfeuern. Die hier beschriebene Mahlanlage entspricht der üblichen Ausstattung eines Kraftwerkes mit Kohlemühlen, so dass darauf hier nicht näher eingegangen wird.The exemplary embodiment relates to a coal power plant with a steam generator having a coal-fired burner, wherein the burners in coal mills of a grinding plant are ground and dried coal supplied as fuel. In this respect, this is a particular embodiment of a power plant having carbon-fueled burner of a steam generator which burns fuel ground in fuel mills. The grinding plant described here corresponds to the usual equipment of a power plant with coal mills, so that will not be discussed here.
Der Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt 5 ist mittels mindestens einer diesem zugeordneten Klappe 7 regelbar verschließbar. Ebenso ist innerhalb des Primärluftkanals 1 ein der Öffnung des Primärluftströmungsquerschnittes 4 entsprechender Primärluftteilkanal 8 ausgebildet, mittels welchem dem Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt 4 des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers 3 Primärluft zuführbar ist. Dieser Primärluftteilkanal 8 ist mittels im Ausführungsbeispiel dreier verstellbarer oder verschwenkbarer Klappen 9, 10 und 11 regelbar verschließbar. Durch die Verstellbarkeit der Klappen 7 und 9 - 11 ist es möglich, die im Primärluftkanal 1 geförderte Primärluft 16 in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Öffnungs- oder Verschlussstellung der einzelnen Klappen 7, 9 - 11 auf den Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt 4 und/oder den Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt 5 zu verteilen. Der Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt 5 ist dabei im Ausführungsbeispiel derart bemessen, dass gewünschtenfalls auch die gesamte im Primärluftkanal 1 geförderte erwärmte Primärluft 16 durch diesen hindurchgeleitet werden kann. Der Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt 5 ist dabei vorzugsweise zumindest derart bemessen, dass der Primärluftdurchsatz durch den Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt 5 hindurch zumindest für den Betrieb von einer der Brennstoffmühlen 17 - 20 ausreichend bemessen ist. Wasserseitig ist der Mühlenluftwärmetauscher 3 über eine Speisewasserzuführleitung 12 und eine Speisewasserabführleitung 13 mit dem Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf des zugeordneten Kohlekraftwerkes verbunden. Das Kohlekraftwerk umfasst in üblicher Weise einen Dampferzeuger mit kohlenbefeuerten Brennern und einem an den Dampferzeuger angeschlossenen Wasser/Dampf-Kreislauf, welche hier nicht dargestellt sind. Der Mühlenluftwärmetauscher 3 ist in die Primärluftzuführung oder Mühlenheißluftzuführung in üblicher Art und Weise integriert, wobei diese auch wie üblich von einem regenerativen Luftvorwärmer ausgehend eine Primärluftleitungsverbindung zu den einzelnen Mühlen 17 - 20 darstellt, wobei der Primärluftkanal 1 in der Regel als einziger Kanal mit dem Mühlenluftwärmetauscher 3 ausgestattet ist und die Abzweigungen 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d zu einzelnen Mühlen 17, 18, 19, 20 der Mahlanlage 21 in Bezug auf die Strömungsrichtung der Primärluft 16 stromabwärts des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers 3 vorgesehen sind. Diese Einrichtungen sind bis auf die schematische Darstellung der
Die
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Kraftwerk und der in den
Auch wenn im Ausführungsbeispiel nur eine Klappe 7 für den Verschluss des Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnittes 5 vorgesehen ist und drei Klappen 7-11 für den Verschluss des Primärluftströmungsquerschnittes 4 vorgesehen sind, so können je nach Ausgestaltung natürlich auch jeweils nur eine oder auch mehrere Klappen vorgesehen sein, um den Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt 4 oder den Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt 5 regelbar verschließbar auszugestalten. Das "regelbar" bedeutet, dass die jeweilige Klappenstellung in beliebige Positionen zwischen "geschlossen" und "offen/auf" eingestellt werden kann, so dass damit die durchzulassenden Strömungsmengen variierbar geregelt werden können. Der Begriff "verschließbar" bedeutet, dass der einer oder den Klappen 7, 9-11 jeweils zugeordnete Strömungsquerschnitt, nämlich entweder der Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt 4 oder der Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt 5, mittels der jeweils zugeordneten Klappen 7, 9-11 strömungstechnisch in Bezug auf die anströmende Primärluft 16 vollständig verschlossen werden kann.Even if in the embodiment, only one
Die Anfahrphase des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers beginnt mit dem Start der Zündfeuerung und damit des Stützfeuerungseinsatzes, bei welchem die mit Öl oder Gas als Hilfsbrennstoffen befeuerte Zündlanze in einem jeden Brenner betrieben wird. Das Ende der Anfahrphase des Mühlenluftwärmetauschers ist erreicht, wenn eine oder mehrere der Mühlen 17-20 in Betrieb gehen oder gegangen sind und die minimale Feuerungswärmeleistung ohne Stützfeuerungseinsatz im Dampferzeuger erreicht worden ist und eine Kühlung der Primärluft erforderlich ist und dann die Absperrklappen 9-11 aufgefahren und die Absperrklappe 7 zugefahren, also der Primärluftströmungsquerschnitt 4 für die Durchströmung mit erwärmter Luft freigegeben und der Primärluftbypassströmungsquerschnitt 5 für die Durchströmung mit erwärmter Primärluft geschlossen wird.The start-up phase of the mill air heat exchanger begins with the start of the ignition firing and thus the Stützfeuerungseinsatzes, in which the fired with oil or gas as an auxiliary fuel ignition lance is operated in each burner. The end of the start-up phase of the mill air heat exchanger is reached when one or more of the grinders 17-20 go into operation or have gone and the minimum heat input has been achieved without backup firing insert in the steam generator and a cooling of the primary air is required and then raised the butterfly valves 9-11 and the shut-off
Claims (8)
- Power station, comprising a steam generator comprising burners fired with carbon-containing fuel, and a grinding plant (21) comprising at least one fuel mill (17, 18, 19, 20) as well as at least one primary air duct (1) connected to the at least one fuel mill (17, 18, 19, 20) of the grinding plant (21) and supplying heated primary air (16) to the at least one fuel mill (17, 18, 19, 20), the primary air duct comprising a mill air heat exchanger (3) disposed in the primary air duct flow cross-section (2) of the primary air duct (1), comprising a primary air flow cross-section (4) through which the heated primary air (16) can flow and to which a primary air bypass flow cross-section (5) arranged adjacent and being closable in a controllable way is assigned in the primary air duct flow cross-section (2),
characterized in that
the primary air flow cross-section (4) of the mill air heat exchanger (3) through which the heated primary air (16) can flow is configured to be closable in a controllable way. - Power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary air flow cross-section (4) of the mill air heat exchanger (3) and the primary air bypass flow cross-section (5) formed in the primary air duct flow cross-section (2) are configured to be respectively closable in a controllable way by means of one or more adjustable flaps (7; 9, 10, 11).
- Power station according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the primary air bypass flow cross-section (5) is dimensioned in such a way that the entire heated primary air (16) flowing through the primary air duct flow cross-section (2) can be passed through the same.
- Power station according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mill air heat exchanger (3) is connected to the feed water line of the water/steam cycle of the power station on the water side.
- Method for operating a power station according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, during a respective start and start-up phase of the steam generator and the at least one fuel mill (17, 18, 19, 20) of the power station, in particular during a cold start, for heating the at least one fuel mill (17, 18, 19, 20) connected to the at least one primary air duct (1) by means of supplied heated primary air (16), the primary air flow cross-section (4) of the mill air heat exchanger (3) through which the heated primary air (16) may flow, is at least temporarily closed, and solely the opened primary air bypass flow cross-section (5) is flown-through by the heated primary air (16) conducted in the primary air duct (1).
- Method according to claim 5, characterized in that, in case of several fuel mills (17, 18, 19, 20) connected to the primary air duct (1), these are supplied with the heated primary air (16) successively in an envisaged order, wherein the heated primary air (16) is not supplied to a following fuel mill until the fuel mill preceding in the envisaged order has been heated sufficiently.
- Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the mill air heat exchanger (3) is flown-through on a water side by a minimum flow rate of coolant during the respective start and start-up phase.
- Method according to any one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that, with the end of the respective start and start-up phase, in particular when the burners of the steam generator fired with carbon-containing fuel are switched to firing without the use of auxiliary firing, the primary air bypass flow cross-section (5) opened until then is closed and the primary air flow cross-section (4) of the mill air heat exchanger (3) through which the heated primary air (16) may flow is opened and exclusively flown-through by the heated primary air (16) conducted in the primary air duct (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015117191.0A DE102015117191A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2015-10-08 | Coal-fired power plant with mill air heat exchanger |
PCT/EP2016/073644 WO2017060225A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2016-10-04 | Coal-fired power plant with mill air heat exchanger |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3359781A1 EP3359781A1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
EP3359781B1 true EP3359781B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
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EP16777979.2A Not-in-force EP3359781B1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2016-10-04 | Coal-fired power plant with mill air heat exchanger |
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EP (1) | EP3359781B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015117191A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017060225A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4516628A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-05-14 | Ward William F | Heat recovery system and method |
DD256176A1 (en) * | 1986-07-30 | 1988-04-27 | Luebbenau Vetschau Kraftwerke | ARRANGEMENT FOR PRESETING THE COMBUSTION AIR FOR STEAM BOILERS |
DE4203713C2 (en) * | 1992-02-08 | 1996-01-18 | Rwe Energie Ag | Process for operating a power plant fired with a fuel in need of drying |
DE4244847C2 (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1996-11-07 | Ver Energiewerke Ag | Controlling temp. in sec. pulverisers of flue gas mixt. for pulverised coal fired boiler |
DE4431156C2 (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1999-07-08 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Method and arrangement for regulating a coal-fired steam generator |
DK2742287T3 (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2016-01-11 | Promecon Prozess & Messtechnik | CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS INSTALLATION WITH FUEL / AIR CONDITIONING CONDITIONS IN THE COMBUSTION OF MILLED CARBON AND PROCEDURE FOR OPERATION OF A CHARGER CHARACTERISTICS |
DE102012019928A1 (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-30 | Rwe Power Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a steam generator |
-
2015
- 2015-10-08 DE DE102015117191.0A patent/DE102015117191A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-10-04 EP EP16777979.2A patent/EP3359781B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2016-10-04 WO PCT/EP2016/073644 patent/WO2017060225A1/en active Application Filing
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WO2017060225A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
EP3359781A1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
DE102015117191A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
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