EP3352559A1 - Bestimmung von biomasse einer pflanze - Google Patents
Bestimmung von biomasse einer pflanzeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3352559A1 EP3352559A1 EP16766590.0A EP16766590A EP3352559A1 EP 3352559 A1 EP3352559 A1 EP 3352559A1 EP 16766590 A EP16766590 A EP 16766590A EP 3352559 A1 EP3352559 A1 EP 3352559A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- biomass
- ray
- absorption characteristic
- determining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 89
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002594 fluoroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012067 mathematical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003976 plant breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G9/00—Methods of, or apparatus for, the determination of weight, not provided for in groups G01G1/00 - G01G7/00
- G01G9/005—Methods of, or apparatus for, the determination of weight, not provided for in groups G01G1/00 - G01G7/00 using radiations, e.g. radioactive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10116—X-ray image
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for determining the biomass of a plant, to a corresponding computer program and to a calculating unit for determining the biomass of a plant. Further exemplary embodiments relate to a system comprising the calculation unit for determining the biomass and to an X-ray apparatus and to the use of an X-ray apparatus for determining biomass.
- biomass is one of the most important traits in plant breeding and its determination is not always easy.
- An example of determining the biomass is weighing the plant.
- First it is possible to weigh the plant in the greenhouse together with the pot. In this case, a different irrigation amount of the pot is a major source of error.
- the plants are destroyed and the weight is determined without interference by the moist soil. So the weighing method is either inaccurate, since the moisture of the soil (the substrate) must be very accurately determined or destructive, since the plant must be cut off and weighed separately.
- Another way to determine the biomass is the so-called optical method.
- the plant is optically measured, for example by 3D laser cutting method and thus approximated the weight of the plant.
- the accuracy of the method is limited by a thickness and density assumption for the different parts of the plant, since only the surface of the plant can be determined by the method.
- biomass determination, especially in field applications is somewhat inaccurate or invasive, so weighing can only be done after harvesting. Therefore, there is a need for an improved starting point.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a non-invasive method for determining biomass with increased accuracy.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining biomass with three basic steps.
- the first step is to obtain an X-ray of the plant
- the second step is to determine an absorption characteristic of the plant in the X-ray image, so that in a third step, the biomass of the plant can be determined on the basis of the absorption characteristic of the plant, the determination a predetermined relationship between a reference absorption characteristic and a reference biomass based.
- Embodiments of the present invention are therefore based on the finding that starting from an X-ray of a plant on the basis of the attenuation of the X-radiation during irradiation, the biomass can be determined by the attenuation in the X-ray image having previously determined attenuations, to which empirically determined Measured values with respect to the weight or the biomass are present, to be compared.
- the biomass of a plant can be determined non-invasively and also very accurately, since the attenuation of the mass of the irradiated body, or to be precise, of the density and volume of the irradiated body (and not of the shaped surface of the body, as eg in optical measuring methods).
- the measured values for example, as a characteristic, with at least two predetermined relations of attenuation and resulting biomass or in the form of a mathematical mapping, such as a linear map or as a simple lookup table with a plurality of empirically determined or interpolated value pairs stored.
- a mathematical mapping such as a linear map or as a simple lookup table with a plurality of empirically determined or interpolated value pairs stored.
- the formula or characteristic or look-up table in each case only for a certain Plant type is valid because so different behavior between absorption and biomass can be done justly.
- the absorption characteristic may be present as a gray scale image with a plurality of gray values.
- the step of determining the biomass of the plant would then include a difference in the determination of an integral over the plurality of gray levels.
- the biomass of the entire image content can be determined using simple mathematical methods without complicated image processing steps.
- the determination of the biomass can be done either on the field, in which case the X-ray device used to determine the biomass is moved along the plant rows, or in the greenhouse.
- the plants are often present as potted plants, so that in addition to the actual biomass of the plant also the pot with the soil (substrate), which surrounds the part of the plant below the ground, is included in the X-ray.
- the method according to further exemplary embodiments can then be designed in such a way that only the part of the X-ray recordings above the earth is taken into account in the step of determining the absorption characteristic of the plant.
- the absorption characteristic is determined below the earth, so as to determine the water content of the (nutrient) soil in a further step. This offers the advantage that in addition to the actual biomass of the potted plant and information about the soil moisture can be determined.
- the method may also comprise further method steps of a method for determining the relation between a reference absorption characteristic and a reference biomass.
- a method for determining the relation between a reference absorption characteristic and a reference biomass at least two X-ray images of a plant of a first type with different Measured mass and the associated mass, eg by weighing, determined to then produce the assignment of the respective mass and absorption characteristic in a subsequent step, which then results in at least two points on the respective characteristic curve. It would also be conceivable that these two points would be supplemented by interpolation by further points.
- the method may also be partially or completely implemented in the computer program.
- Further exemplary embodiments relate to a calculating unit for determining the biomass of a plant, which is designed to determine an absorption characteristic of the plant from an obtained X-ray of the plant on the basis of an X-ray image and based on the absorption characteristic of the plant, the biomass of the plant based on a predetermined relation between a reference absorption characteristic and a reference biomass.
- this calculation unit can also be integrated into a system comprising an X-ray device with X-ray detector and X-ray source.
- the X-ray device can also be designed to determine a plurality of exposures during a movement of the X-ray device through a field.
- An additional embodiment relates to the use of an X-ray machine for determining the biomass of a plant.
- 1 a shows a method for determining biomass of a plant according to a first exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 1b shows a calculating unit for determining biomass of a plant according to a further exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 1 c shows an X-ray of a plant to explain the determination of the biomass
- FIG. 2 shows a system comprising an X-ray apparatus, by means of which the biomass of potted plants can be determined according to extended exemplary embodiments
- FIG. 3 shows a system comprising an X-ray apparatus with which the biomass of plants in the field can be determined in accordance with expanded exemplary embodiments.
- the method 100 comprises the three basic steps 102a, 104 and 106, which will be explained below with reference to FIG. 1c.
- the first step 102 is to obtain the X-ray 10 (see Fig. 1 c) of a plant 12, for example corn, wheat, barley or another (useful) plant.
- the X-ray image 10 is typically a gray-scale image, with each pixel having an associated gray-scale value which can be assigned to a specific absorption. The gray value is the lower the more absorption takes place or the more material is irradiated by the X-radiation.
- the plant 12 has a darker gray value in the areas where a plurality of layers or mass is irradiated than in the areas in which the mass concentration is lower or where no plant is irradiated.
- the X-radiation penetrates an object or the plant 12
- the X-ray radiation is attenuated according to the Lambert-Beer law as a function of the X-ray energy, the radiographic length and the density and the atomic number of the material to be penetrated. If the various parameters (eg material and energy) are known, then along the path of the X-ray radiation by measuring the transmitted intensity behind the object, the product of length and density can be determined.
- the absorption sorption characteristic 12c of the plant 12 in the X-ray 10 is then determined in a second step 104.
- the attenuated intensity corresponds to the gray value information of a calibrated X-ray device detector.
- the biomass of the plant 12 is determined on the basis of the absorption characteristic 12c.
- the biomass from the radiation image 10 (comprising the gray value information determined by the detector), e.g. in kg.
- the so-called “fresh weight” fresh weight
- the biomass including water inclusions is determined.
- These method steps 106 primarily represent a calculation that can be executed by the computation unit 20 from FIG. 1 b.
- the calculation is based in particular that the absorption characteristics 12c and an absorption value of each pixel with a previously measured absorption characteristic or with a relation between a reference absorption characteristic, and 'a reference biomass is compared, so that from this a conclusion on the biomass of the plant 12 is possible.
- the absorption characteristic is, for example, an area (projection surface of the plant 12 in the X-ray image 10) with different absorption values per point of the area, wherein the biomass can alternatively also be determined per pixel, so that in the evaluation of the absorption characteristic with respect to the biomass this as a function of the area or on the growth extent or growth level is obtained.
- a first dimensionless value or a volume value for the plant can be determined by the fact that all gray values of the individual copper points also be added up / integrated. This value can then be compared to a stored value or a stored reference relation.
- the stored relation can be present, for example, as a characteristic curve, as a mathematical function or as a simple lookup table.
- the determination of the relation is possible with an additional method, which can be combined with the method 100. Furthermore, the determination can also be made with the calculation unit 20. For the determination, at least two plants of different mass are measured or weighed and the associated absorption characteristics are determined experimentally, so that one now obtains two local relations between mass and associated absorption characteristics. Starting from these two points, an interpolation or extrapolation of third values can take place so that the relation is present over a broad range of mass and absorption characteristics. With this calibration of the detector, the mass-gray scale correlations are deposited for different plants or the water content-gray scale correlations for different soil compositions. As already indicated, the calibration method may be part of the method 100 or else part of the functional scope of the calculating unit 20 according to further exemplary embodiments.
- the method may include the step of determining the absorption characteristic 2c above the earth, so that the biomass of the plant 12 is determined therefrom.
- the method may optionally also include the step of determining the absorption characteristic 14c below the bottom, because in particular the water content of the soil in the pot 14 can be determined from this absorption characteristic 14c.
- the absorption characteristic is principally governed by three factors of each beam characteristic. point is dependent. These are the volume along the transmission direction, the density in this volume and an absorption constant, which can be different for different materials and thus also for different plants.
- the arithmetic unit 20 may be connected to its interface 22 for receiving the one or more x-ray images and its interface 14 (eg user interface, display) to an x-ray device as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- FIG. 2 shows an X-ray device 30 with an X-ray tube 32 and an X-ray detector 34, such as a line or area detector.
- the X-ray device 30 is combined in this embodiment in a conveyor belt system with the conveyor belt 35.
- a series of potted plants 12 'plus 14' or 12 plus 14 are arranged, which are transilluminated in turn by means of the X-ray device 30 when the plants with the aid of the conveyor belt 35, between the X-ray tube 32nd and the X-ray detector 34 are moved therethrough.
- a corresponding X-ray image is obtained for each plant 12 or 12 'in order then to determine the respective biomass in a subsequent step.
- the relative humidity of the soil in the pot 14 or 14 ' can be determined.
- This variant with the conveyor belt 35 is particularly suitable for plant or agricultural cultivation in greenhouses, since here the plants 12 or 12 'are typically present in pots 14 and 14'.
- a mobile X-ray machine 30 ' with a mobile X-ray detector 34' and a mobile X-ray tube 32 'is shown.
- X-ray tube 32 'and X-ray detector 34' are also arranged in this embodiment relative to the plants 12, that a fluoroscopy thereof takes place. That in other words, that the plants 12 which are planted on the field 37 in the lines 37a-37c always lie between the x-ray tube 32 'and the x-ray detector 34' when radiographing. This can be ensured, for example, by moving X-ray tube 32 'parallel to X-ray detector 34' in the intermediate region between rows 37a and 37b through the field, while moving X-ray detector 34 'in the intermediate region between lines 37b and 37c.
- the detector 34 'and x-ray tube 32' to be joined together by field 37, e.g. with a above the plant 12 arranged bridge is moved.
- the determination of the biomass corresponds to the above procedure, wherein it should be noted that in the exemplary embodiment on the field 37 it is essentially only possible to determine the biomass of the plants 12, wherein the determination of the water content in the soil is preferably feasible by means of conventional moisture sensors ,
- FIG. 1 For exemplary embodiments, it was always assumed that the plants 12 to be screened are examined sequentially and thus a two-dimensional projection of the "plant row" results, it should be pointed out to this point that according to further exemplary embodiments it is also possible for different plants Projection of different transmission angles per plant 12 are taken so as to obtain an improved determination of the biomass, for example, via the intermediate step of a three-dimensional model per plant 12.
- aspects have been described in the above embodiments in the context of a device, it will be understood that these aspects also constitute a description of the corresponding method such that a block or building block of a device may function as a corresponding method step or as a feature of the method step to understand. Similarly, aspects described in connection with or as a method step also represent a description of the corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device.
- Some or all of the method steps may be performed by a hardware apparatus (using a hardware apparatus). such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electrical circuit. In some embodiments, some or more of the important method steps may be performed by such an apparatus.
- embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware or in software.
- the implementation may be performed using a digital storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a DVD, a Blu-ray Disc, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or FLASH memory, a hard disk, or other magnetic disk or optical memory are stored on the electronically readable control signals that can cooperate with a programmable computer system or cooperate such that the respective method is performed. Therefore, the digital storage medium can be computer readable.
- embodiments according to the invention include a data carrier having electronically readable control signals capable of interacting with a programmable computer system to perform one of the methods described herein.
- embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as a computer program product having a program code, wherein the program code is operable to perform one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.
- the program code can also be stored, for example, on a machine-readable carrier.
- inventions include the computer program for performing any of the methods described herein, wherein the computer program is stored on a machine-readable medium.
- an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a computer program which has program code for carrying out one of the methods described herein when the computer program runs on a computer.
- a further embodiment of the inventive method is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the computer program is recorded for carrying out one of the methods described herein.
- a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals, which represent the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.
- the data stream or the sequence of signals may be configured, for example, to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.
- Another embodiment includes a processing device, such as a computer or a programmable logic device, that is configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.
- Another embodiment includes a computer on which the computer program is installed to perform one of the methods described herein.
- a further embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or a system which is designed to use a computer program for carrying out least one of the methods described herein to a receiver.
- the transmission can be done for example electronically or optically.
- the receiver may be, for example, a computer, a mobile device, a storage device or a similar device.
- the device or system may include a file server for transmitting the computer program to the recipient.
- a programmable logic device eg, a field programmable gate array, an FPGA
- a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein.
- the methods are performed by any hardware device. This may be a universal hardware such as a computer processor (CPU) or hardware specific to the process, such as an ASIC.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015218504.4A DE102015218504A1 (de) | 2015-09-25 | 2015-09-25 | Bestimmung von Biomasse einer Pflanze |
PCT/EP2016/072187 WO2017050700A1 (de) | 2015-09-25 | 2016-09-19 | Bestimmung von biomasse einer pflanze |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3352559A1 true EP3352559A1 (de) | 2018-08-01 |
Family
ID=56940082
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16766590.0A Pending EP3352559A1 (de) | 2015-09-25 | 2016-09-19 | Bestimmung von biomasse einer pflanze |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10699406B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3352559A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN108697055B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102015218504A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017050700A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111413357B (zh) * | 2020-04-20 | 2022-01-07 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | X射线吸收边探测信号增强方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110135161A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-06-09 | Koutsky Keith A | Apparatus and Methods for Automated Phenotypic Screening of Plant Genotypes |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK1226431T3 (da) * | 1999-10-21 | 2004-09-06 | Foss Analytical As | Fremgangsmåde og apparat til bestemmelse af egenskaberne af levnedsmidler eller foder |
US9113839B2 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2015-08-25 | Rapiscon Systems, Inc. | X-ray inspection system and method |
US7278236B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2007-10-09 | Phenotype Screening Corporation | Plant root characterization system |
US8383888B1 (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2013-02-26 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Plants and plant products useful for biofuel manufacture and feedstock, and methods of producing same |
JP5540321B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-08 | 2014-07-02 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 極低温マイクロカロリーメータを用いた放射能測定方法、バイオマス度測定方法、中性子フルエンス測定方法、放射能絶対測定方法 |
CA2861591A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Immature ear photometry in maize |
CN102589441A (zh) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-07-18 | 华中科技大学 | 盆栽水稻表型参数的全自动无损测量系统及测量方法 |
JP6168753B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-12 | 2017-07-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | 演算装置、演算プログラム、x線測定システム、およびx線測定方法 |
WO2014100237A2 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Non-destructive imaging of crop plants |
EP3078944B1 (de) * | 2015-04-07 | 2020-02-19 | Mettler-Toledo, LLC | Verfahren zur bestimmung der masse von gegenständen aus einer vielzahl von auf verschiedenen energiestufen aufgenommenen röntgenbildern |
CN106353828B (zh) * | 2015-07-22 | 2018-09-21 | 清华大学 | 在安检系统中估算被检查物体重量的方法和装置 |
WO2017184564A1 (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-10-26 | Icagen, Inc. | Sensors and sensor arrays for detection of analytes |
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2015
- 2015-09-25 DE DE102015218504.4A patent/DE102015218504A1/de active Pending
-
2016
- 2016-09-19 WO PCT/EP2016/072187 patent/WO2017050700A1/de active Application Filing
- 2016-09-19 EP EP16766590.0A patent/EP3352559A1/de active Pending
- 2016-09-19 CN CN201680068702.0A patent/CN108697055B/zh active Active
-
2018
- 2018-03-16 US US15/923,910 patent/US10699406B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110135161A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-06-09 | Koutsky Keith A | Apparatus and Methods for Automated Phenotypic Screening of Plant Genotypes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN108697055A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
WO2017050700A1 (de) | 2017-03-30 |
DE102015218504A1 (de) | 2017-03-30 |
US20180211384A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
US10699406B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
CN108697055B (zh) | 2021-06-25 |
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