EP3341077A2

EP3341077A2 - System for the wireless transmission of energy and/or signals, the conversion of energy and/or signals into other forms of energy and/or forms of signal, and the application and detection of same in peripheral regions of said system

Info

Publication number: EP3341077A2
Application number: EP16778671.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Holger Lausch; Michael Brand; Michael Arnold
Original assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Current assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date: 2015-08-28
Filing date: 2016-08-26
Publication date: 2018-07-04
Also published as: WO2017036454A3; KR20180050311A; US10601247B2; DE102015114406A1; US20190044380A1; JP2018533351A; WO2017036454A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for the wireless transmission of energy and/or signals between spatially-separated regions with no electrically-conductive connection, to the conversion of energy and/or signals into other forms of energy and/or forms of signal, and to the application and/or detection of same in at least one peripheral region of said system. The system allows a wireless transmission of energy between at least two spatially-separated regions without an electrically-conductive connection, energy being supplied to at least one of these regions, transmitted to at least one additional region in a wireless manner, converted on demand into other forms of energy, and applied in a peripheral region of said system. Signals can be transmitted at the same time as energy is being transmitted. The signals can be generated in a peripheral region of the system by physical, biological or chemical processes or states and be detected by the system and converted, or also be generated independently of the system, fed into the system and transmitted wirelessly to the other region. This system allows, in particular, mechanical, acoustic, thermal, optical and other physical or chemical gradients (vibrations, acoustic waves or heat) to be achieved, and coupled or transmitted into peripheral regions of the system.

Description

System for the wireless transmission of energy and / or signals, the conversion of energy and / or signals into other forms of energy and / or signal forms as well as their application and detection in peripheral areas of the system

The invention relates to a system for the wireless transmission of energy and / or signals between spatially separated areas without electrically conductive connection, the conversion of energy and / or signals into other forms of energy and / or waveforms and their application and / or detection in at least one peripheral Area of the system.

Advantageously, the system allows wireless energy transmission between at least two spatially separated areas without electrically conductive connection, wherein energy is fed into at least one of these areas and wirelessly transmitted to at least one other area, converted as needed into other forms of energy and applied in a peripheral area of the system ,

Advantageously, at the same time a transmission of signals can be achieved in the energy transfer. The signals can be generated on the one hand in a peripheral region of the system by physical, biological or chemical processes or states and detected by the system and converted, on the other hand also generated independently of the system, fed into the system and transmitted wirelessly to the other area.

In particular, mechanical, acoustic, thermal, optical and other physical or chemical gradients (vibrations, sound waves or heat) can be achieved with the system and coupled or transmitted to peripheral areas of the system. A peripheral region of the system is advantageously a shaped body or a part of a shaped body. The molding may be both part of the system as well as part of external structures and systems to which the system is assigned. Elements of the system can be introduced directly into a molded body or arranged on its surface, screwed and / or be sprayed or weldable. In medical applications, the molding may be an implant or an osteosynthesis component / plate or a screw or a nail or an orthosis. In building applications, the molded body may be a structural or supporting structure, masonry or reinforcing element. In the vehicle sector, the molded body can be, for example, a chassis or a frame or a component. Again, the aktorische / sensory system component can be introduced directly into a molding or arranged on the surface, be screwed and / or be sprayed or weldable.

Particularly with implants, it may be advantageous to use vibrations or sound waves for attenuation analysis at the contact zone bone implant for loosening detection purposes or for improved tissue ingrowth as stimulation or stiffening-inhibiting movement and thus also metabolic stimulation of the target tissue inclusive or excluding the neighboring tissue. Thermal energy can be used to initiate mechanical manipulations at the transitions of implants to the tissue, for example, by shape memory materials, inflated sacs, or by thermal expansion, as well as to initiate chemical reactions for drug release.

It is known to deflect masses in conjunction with electromagnetic alternating fields, with a deflection between two reversal points. In order to obtain sufficient results, correspondingly high masses of bodies to be deflected are required. By the movements occurs wear, which is undesirable. In addition, unwanted inertia effects with excessive negative as well as positive accelerations and associated material / tissue fatigue as well as corresponding damage from stretching and compression processes may occur.

In addition, a deflection can only take place in the range of less hertz. Without the analysis at higher frequencies, certain statements about the condition of an implant can not be made, for example, detailed statements about the strength of its anchoring in the tissue and the influence of stimulation effects on the ingrowth behavior. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide simple, robust and tamper-proof possibilities for transmission, conversion and application of energy and signals, which manage at the place of application without complex control systems, the wireless transmission of energy and signals between spatially separate electrically non-conductively connected areas and thus enable a solely from an external area of wireless operable and controllable system and realize a conversion of energy into other types of energy in the form that you can do without freely movable, vibrating or resilient masses so that use for a wide variety of applications, in particular for implants or prostheses, is advantageous.

In particular, it is also an object of the invention to create possibilities with which different forms of energy can be converted into one another as needed and which enable the use of these forms of energy for spatially defined manipulation of peripheral areas of the system and / or for signal transmission purposes. The latter also allows use of the system for detection purposes and for monitoring process and state variables in peripheral areas of the system. Kinetic, thermal, chemical or electromagnetic energy forms are preferably suitable for manipulating peripheral areas of the system.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with a system having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments can be realized with features described in the subordinate claims.

A system according to the invention is designed such that in at least one first external region at least one first transducer element, in particular an electric primary coil or a movable permanent magnet, with which an alternating magnetic field can be generated and / or with the energy of an alternating magnetic field into electrical energy in inverse form is convertible, is part of the system.

Furthermore, at least one second transducer element, in particular at least one electric coil, is present in at least one second region, which is spatially separated from the first region and is not electrically conductively connected alternating magnetic field of the first transducer element as a result of induction in electrical energy is convertible and / or inversely convertible electrical energy into magnetic energy and the first transducer element transferable and / or detectable by another sensor. In an advantageous embodiment, at least one ferromagnetic core of soft magnetic material is assigned to the at least one electrical coil.

The second transducer element may be formed in an alternative of the invention so that the magnetic energy of the first transducer element is convertible into thermal energy, wherein the second transducer element is preferably at least one shorted or provided with an electrical load electrical coil, the one or more ferromagnetic Cores can be assigned. The conversion of the energy of the magnetic field of the first transducer element into thermal energy can be effected by means of different conversion mechanisms. On the one hand, the energy of the magnetic field of the first transducer element can first be converted into electrical energy and then by Joule heating of the coil and / or an electrical load connected to the coil, such as a filament, into thermal energy, on the other hand, a direct conversion the energy of the magnetic field in thermal energy by hysteresis losses in the remagnetization of the core material and / or eddy current losses in the core material and conductive materials in the vicinity of the coil possible. Depending on the selected core materials as well as the geometry and dimensioning of the coils and cores, depending on the application scenario, different variants of the second transducer element with different proportions of the described conversion processes can be realized.

It is possible to influence the exploitable change processes. Thus, it is possible to influence the intensity of the effect of the respective conversion process by a specific selection of a core arranged in the electrical coil, which concerns the core material, the geometric dimensioning (shape, volume). The dimensioning of the electrical coil with wire diameter, number of turns, winding width and winding type can influence the effect of a second transducer element. For a Joule heating relatively high electrical currents are favorable. Therefore, high induction voltages and a core made of a highly permeable soft magnetic material make sense. An optimization of the ohmic resistance of the electrical coil is also advantageous, so that the converted power is as large as possible.

Hysteresis heating requires large hysteresis losses. Therefore, a core material with high coercive field strengths and high saturation flux density can be beneficial. Remagnetization and demagnetization should be possible. For this purpose, a magnetically semi-hard core material is advantageous. Higher field strengths of the magnetic field of the first transducer element or of an alternating magnetic field generated with a second transducer element likewise lead to an improved thermal effect. Another influencing parameter is the geometry, e.g. the length-to-width ratio of the core, which can be optimized so that the demagnetizing field in the core is as small as possible.

Warming by means of eddy currents always occurs in combination with hysteresis heating. An influence is possible by the electrical conductivity of the materials used, the layering to avoid eddy currents as the transformer and the alignment of the conductive components of the system to the alternating magnetic field.

In addition, in a further alternative of a system according to the invention, at least one further transducer element may be part of the system. The further transducer element can, as a third transducer element, convert electrical energy into kinetic energy, in particular vibrations or sound waves and / or in inverse form kinetic energy into electrical energy and in particular be a piezoelectric element or a permanent magnet which is held fixed in a receiving element.

In a further alternative of the invention, alone or in addition to a third transducer element, a fourth transducer element may be present which converts the respective energy forms of the second transducer element, in particular electrical and / or thermal energy, into other forms of energy, in particular mechanical (kinetic / potential) and / or chemical Energy and / or electromagnetic Change radiation. In this case, preferably elements with high thermal expansion, Blähsäcke, shape memory materials, thermal and / or electrochemical cells and reactors and / or light or radiation-emitting elements are components of the fourth transducer element. The conversion of the energy forms of the second transducer element into further forms of energy can be effected by thermal expansion of solid particles, liquids or gases and / or memory effects and / or thermally or electrically influenced chemical reactions and / or atomic and molecular energy absorption and emission.

Furthermore, all the described transducer elements may contain components for the direct local transmission of the respective energy form and / or for the application or coupling of energy into peripheral areas of the system. These may be in particular electrical, magnetic, thermal or acoustic conductors, components for the delimitation or for the transport of substances or mechanical connection and coupling elements.

If a system according to the invention comprises, in addition to a first and a second transducer element, a fourth transducer element which, for example, converts thermal energy of the second transducer element into kinetic energy, the second and fourth transducer element can be connected by a thermal conductor element.

The first transducer element of a system according to the invention is arranged in a first region, which is spatially at a distance from the regions of all other second, third or fourth transducer elements and is not electrically conductively connected thereto.

If the first converter element contains at least one electrical coil, then this may be connected to a frequency generator, an electrical AC voltage source and / or a device for detecting an electric current and / or an electrical voltage, thereby generating a variable magnetic field and / or in inverse form a variable magnetic field can be converted into electrical signals and detected. If the first transducer element contains permanent magnets, a variable magnetic field or a rotary or alternating field can likewise be generated by their movement or rotation. to Influencing the field, the first transducer element may additionally contain ferromagnetic components. Preferably, an alternating magnetic field of defined frequency is generated by the first transducer element by at least one electrical coil of the first transducer element is acted upon by an electrical alternating voltage.

If the second transducer element is arranged within the alternating magnetic field generated by the first transducer element, an electrical voltage of the same frequency is induced in the at least one electrical coil of the second transducer element and the magnetic energy is converted into electrical energy, which in turn can be converted into other forms of energy. These are preferably kinetic energy in the form of oscillations or sound waves, which can be coupled into a shaped body which may be part of the system or into another body in peripheral areas of the system.

For this purpose, the third transducer element can be used, which should particularly preferably be a piezoelectric transducer element. A piezoelectric transducer element can be electrically conductively connected to the two poles of the electrical coil forming the second transducer element and contract according to the frequency of the induced electrical voltage, ie periodically change its length in at least one axial direction. Such a third transducer element should be kept fixed in a receiving element, which acts as a mechanical coupling member and allows the transmission, emission and coupling of vibrations or sound waves in peripheral areas of the system.

It is thus possible direct operation of the third transducer element when the piezoelectric transducer element is used as described as an actuator. It can be arranged with the electric coil of the second transducer element in a housing or molded body.

In the inverse operation of such a system according to the invention electrical voltages can be generated from external movements, vibrations or sound waves with the piezoelectric transducer element and thus the kinetic energy to be converted into electrical energy. Are the electric coil of the second Transducer element and the piezoelectric transducer element of the third transducer element electrically conductively connected to each other, an electric current flows through the electrical coil of the second transducer element and it is generated a corresponding magnetic field. An amplification of this magnetic field can be achieved with the soft magnetic core and the associated formation of a stray field.

Depending on the kinetics of the movement, the vibrations or the sound waves, which are transmitted to the piezoelectric transducer, an electrical alternating current or a certain pulsed electric current or an irregular current flow and thus a correspondingly variable magnetic field can result. With its magnetic energy can in turn induce an electrical voltage in the coil of the first transducer element and a corresponding energy conversion can be achieved. The first transducer element can be arranged outside of a housing, a shaped body and also outside a surrounding body or cell tissue.

The first transducer element can be connected to a measuring device for determining the induced electrical voltage, so that via a determination of the electrical current and / or the electrical voltage of the first transducer element wireless external detection of mechanical and acoustic processes in peripheral regions of the third transducer element or a defined wireless signal transmission is possible, the frequency and / or amplitude-dependent and / or signalformanhängig can be evaluated. The system according to the invention can thus also be used as a sensor in which the signal transmission takes place via the energy transmission of the generated and variable magnetic field.

It is also possible to detect the magnetic fields generated in this way by the coil of the second transducer element with an externally arranged magnetic field sensor. Thus, for example, an application as a pedometer to the aisle or movement shape detection is possible if a part of the system according to the invention has been fixed to a living being. Such a fixation can be done in a double function, for example on a body prosthesis / -orthesis, which must be moved by the living being anyway. In this In connection with this, the force-locking and positive-locking fixation of such a system according to the invention with a hole-shaped integration region on an osteosynthesis plate or other osteosynthesis component with a traditional hole arrangement, for example via screwing in applications in the fracture region, can provide a further sensory advantage in addition to the already mentioned healing stimulation. With a defined physical load on the fracture area, the system according to the invention generates, for example, signals defined at the osteosynthesis plate, which can be an integral expression of the progress or the stagnation or even the regression of the osteosynthesis.

In a system according to the invention, at least a third and / or fourth transducer element should be fixed by means of a receiving element. But there is also the possibility that any combinations of second, third and fourth transducer elements are fixed in a receptacle.

It is advantageous if at least one contour element is formed on the receiving element. Thus, an improved positive and positive connection to a molded body and thus a force or torque transfer and / or a transfer of thermal energy or other forms of energy can be achieved in the molding. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the receiving element is integrated with at least one third and / or fourth transducer element in a molded body or at least partially enclosed by this. The receiving element should, at least in the region in which the contour element (s) is / are formed, reach the surrounding molded body or peripheral areas of the system, such as, for example, living cell tissue. This is particularly advantageous when a shaped body is for example a prosthesis or an implant or an osteosynthesis plate or another osteosynthesis material.

A receiving element for at least a second, third or fourth transducer element should advantageously at least partially formed from an acoustically conductive and / or elastically deformable material and / or acoustically conductive or elastically deformable or thermally conductive or thermally insulating, depending on the application and design of the respective transducer element, be electrically conductive or electrically insulating. A receiving element can be formed, for example, from an elastically deformable and thermally as well as electrically conductive material, in particular from titanium or titanium alloys.

In addition, there is also the possibility that a receiving element for a transducer element at least partially functions as part of another transducer element, the receiving element of a second and / or third transducer element may be at least partially formed as a fourth transducer element. This is particularly advantageous if the receiving element forwards thermal energy and at the same time, at least in some areas, converts it into kinetic energy by means of expansion or memory processes.

An inventive system as described above can be incorporated into any non-ferromagnetic molded body. This shaped body can also be electrically conductive. Furthermore, the system can also be introduced into further spatially separate areas, such as human or animal organisms, fluidic systems, gas and liquid pressure vessels, as well as structures and structures. In addition, the system can be operated in one direction only, ie both exclusively apply energy and act exclusively as a sensory-active element.

It is advantageous to operate a system according to the invention with a first transducer element which has alternating magnetic fields with a frequency in the range from 10 Hz to 3000 Hz and preferably in the ranges 10 Hz to 50 Hz, 125 Hz to 175 Hz and 300 Hz to 3000 Hz generated and thus induced in the electrical coil of at least one second transducer element electrical voltages in ebendiesen frequency ranges.

To form the alternating magnetic field of the first transducer element can be used with an alternating voltage applied electrical coil, which is connected for example to a frequency generator or to a defined inverter control, or a moving permanent magnet. To operate the system, the first transducer element then only has to be brought sufficiently close to the electrical coil of the second transducer element accommodated in the receiving element, so that a maximum distance is not exceeded with which it can be ensured that a sufficiently large electrical voltage can be induced in the electrical coil of the second converter element. With an amplifier connected between the function generator and the electrical coil of the first transducer element, eg with 10-fold amplification, the maximum distance can be increased or the effectiveness can be increased. The frequency generator can be operated sinusoidally and possibly with variable frequency. In principle, however, other signal forms for the operation of a frequency generator are possible.

The field strength of the alternating magnetic field generated by the first transducer element can be influenced via the electrical voltage at the frequency generator or with the amplifier. In addition to the maximum distance, this also influences the electrical voltage induced in the electrical coil of the second transducer element and thus the energy transmitted thereto.

When using a moving permanent magnet in the first transducer element, the electrical voltage induced in the electrical coil of the second transducer element can be influenced by its magnetic field strength, the distance to the second transducer element and the kinetic kinetic energy acting on the permanent magnet. By a defined polar alignment and direction of movement of the permanent magnet influence on the direction of the generated magnetic field and thus on the induced voltage and the electric current flowing through the electrical coil of the second transducer element, can be taken, which in turn can also influence a third transducer element direction.

According to the law of BIOT-SAVART, the magnetic field strength at each space point around an electric coil is directly proportional to the electric current flowing through the electric coil. This also applies to the location of the electrical coil of the second transducer element according to the invention. If, in addition, a core of a soft magnetic material is used, which is arranged inside the electrical coil, a very high magnetization can be achieved even at very low field strengths. This can be additionally influenced by the choice of the core material. Depending on the geometry of the soft magnetic material core used, a demagnetizing field is established in the core, which reduces the field strength in the core. This effect can therefore also by the core geometry can be influenced. The result is a resulting magnetic flux density in the core, which changes quasi linearly as the magnetic field increases. In addition, due to the elongated shape, alignment of the field lines perpendicular to the coil turns is relatively independent of the direction of the magnetic field of the first transducer element. Since the coil geometry of the electric coil of the second transducer element, ie, the cross-sectional area of the turns and the number of turns, are fixed, the magnetic flux through this coil changes only with a change in the magnetic flux density. The change in the magnetic flux density in the electrical coil of the second transducer element is effected in accordance with the magnetization curve of the core material and is caused by the periodic change in the field strength of the alternating magnetic field used for the excitation of the first transducer element. The scaling factor between magnetic field strength and flux density is the permeability. According to the law of induction, the electrical voltage induced in the electrical coil is equal to the negative temporal change of the electrical flux through the coil turns. Thus, the induction voltage in the coil of the second transducer element in the described arrangement depends only on the magnetic flux density change and thus both proportional to the excitation frequency of the electric coil, as well as proportional to the field strength of the magnetic field of the first transducer element. The magnetic field of the first transducer element is caused by the flow of electrical current in the coil and is proportional to the electric current. The electric current is obtained in accordance with the laws of AC electric power from the voltage applied to the coil and the AC resistance. In this case it results from the ohmic and the inductive resistance of the coil. Neglecting the very small ohmic component, as it can be achieved for example by a large wire diameter, the electric current and thus also the magnetic field strength of the first transducer element are only dependent on the inductive resistance and thus indirectly proportional to the excitation frequency. In summary, it follows from the direct proportionality of induction voltage in the coil of the second transducer element and excitation frequency, the direct proportionality of induction voltage in the coil of the second transducer element and magnetic field strength of the first Transducer element and the indirect proportionality of excitation frequency and magnetic field strength of the first transducer element under the assumptions and simplifications in the coil of the second transducer element, a constant induction voltage. If the excitation frequency is doubled, the electrical voltage induced in the coil of the second transducer element would also double at a constant magnetic flux density, but since the magnetic field strength of the first transducer element is halved due to the lower current flow due to the inductive resistance of the coil, the voltage drops as well magnetic flux density to half and in the coil of the second transducer element induced voltage remains in total equal. It is thus shown that a frequency independence of the invention induced in the coil of the second transducer element electrical voltage and thus a frequency-independent generation of equally strong gradients can be exploited.

If a fourth transducer element is used for the system according to the invention, with which the thermal energy obtained with a second transducer element described above is to be converted into kinetic, the effect of thermal expansion or a change in the geometry of a shape memory material can be exploited. For this purpose, a component can be used as the fourth transducer element, which changes its extent or length as a function of temperature in at least one dimension. This component can also be at least a part of the already mentioned receiving element. Such a fourth transducer element can also be thermally conductively connected to at least partial regions of the coil of the second transducer element that is electrically short-circuited or connected to an electrical load or a ferromagnetic core assigned to it, via a thermal conductor element having a high thermal conductivity. Thereby, the fourth transducer element can be arranged more flexibly at a certain location and there the desired effect on a molding or peripheral areas of the system can be achieved.

The thermal energy of the second transducer element can also be forwarded via a thermal conductor element to a location at which the thermal energy is converted into chemical energy and / or by means of thermochemical processes in a reactor or by reactions with components and substances in peripheral areas of the system can be used to manipulate the environment.

When operating the system according to the invention with a first transducer element, in which an electrical coil is used to convert the magnetic into electrical energy, a superposition of the electrical operating voltage of the coil can be carried out with an additionally induced via the activity of the piezoelectric transducer in this coil electrical voltage. The ratio of electrical operating voltage to induced electrical voltage may be relatively large, e.g. at 170V to 10mV. Consequently, a differential measurement of the electrical voltages is advantageous in order to discriminate the obtained voltage signals from the operating voltage.

An analogous procedure is favorable when measuring with an external magnetic field sensor as the receiver, where the superimposition of the magnetic field directly generated by the operation of the coil of the first transducer element with the magnetic field generated by the magnetic coil of the second transducer element due to the activity of the piezoelectric transducer in the Differential measurement is to be considered.

It may be advantageous to additionally subject the superimposed voltage or field signals to frequency filtering.

If such a differential measurement of the voltages or field strengths is to be avoided, then the portion of the magnetic field formed exclusively by the activity of the piezoelectric transducer and the electrical coil of the second transducer element with possibly arranged therein core can be measured in the switched-off state of the first transducer element. This can be influenced, for example, by the magnetic history and / or the remanence of the core. The measurement can also be done in this case, as described either directly with a magnetic field sensor or by measuring the induced voltage in the coil of the first transducer element.

In a system according to the invention, it is also possible, the second transducer element, in particular so the electrical coil is not permanently with the third transducer element, which may be formed as a piezoelectric transducer, to connect, but to switch their connection externally triggered. This can be achieved, for example, with a reed contact. As a result, the electrical voltage can be maintained longer at the piezoelectric transducer of the third transducer element, if this has been previously subjected to a mechanical force. When closing the electrical connection between the piezoelectric transducer and the electrical coil, a larger electrical current can flow over a shorter period of time. Thereby, a better detection of a measurement signal can be made possible, since the intensity of the signal is increased and the time of occurrence by the externally triggered circuit is known.

As the material of the piezoelectric transducer of the third transducer element as soft as possible piezoelectric material can be used with high hysteresis. In a piezoelectric transducer (stacking actuator) with the dimensions 3 x 3 x 2 mm ³ and an electrical operating voltage of the coil of the first transducer element of 100 V (in the triggered switched operation), a lateral elongation of 22 μιη can be achieved. The electrical capacitance of this piezoelectric transducer may be 25 nF. The blocking force with which the piezoelectric transducer is fixed in the receiving element should be greater than 120 N.

The piezoelectric transducer of the third transducer element undergoes a volume oscillation when excited by electrical alternating voltage. The transverse contraction occurs according to the stiffness tensor. In a piezoelectric transducer polarized in the main elongation direction, the transverse contraction can be obtained by multiplying by the Poisson number (0.28 to 0.36). The dynamic stiffnesses of the piezoelectric materials are very high and are usually in the range of more than 10 GPa. In a system according to the invention, the transverse strain can be utilized. This may be transferred along a thin plate-shaped receiving element, which may preferably be formed from titanium or a corresponding titanium vanadium aluminum alloy. The piezoelectric transducer of the third transducer element may be integrated by thermal fit in this plate-shaped receiving element. The ferromagnetic core, which is arranged in the interior of the electrical coil of the second transducer element, can also be integrated by thermal fit in the plate-shaped receiving element. This can be a part of Vibration wave propagation takes place except through lateral webs / contour elements partly through the core material, whereby it can be exploited that steels and titanium have comparable sound characteristic impedances (steel eg 5900 Ns / m ³ vs. titanium 6100 Ns / m ³ ).

An alternating magnetic field generated by a first transducer element with a magnetic field strength of approximately 2 kA / m can, for example, induce a voltage with an amplitude of at least 300 mV and a frequency of 300 Hz in the electrical coil of the second transducer element. Since the mechanical stress-strain behavior of a piezoceramic piezoelectric transducer is still linear at low electrical voltages, for example up to one thousandth of the electrical operating voltage, a piezoelectric transducer operated in this way can be used in a system according to the invention for small power sound applications such as structure-borne noise applications ,

A piezoelectric transducer as a third transducer element can thus be operated with the inventive system energy self-sufficient and without internal control electronics.

A polarized piezo stack actuator as a third transducer element has a linear relationship between the electric field strength E and the mechanical strain S in the region below the saturation polarization. In the lower voltage or. Field strength range, up to about one third of the electrical operating voltage, this also applies to the operation against the polarization direction. However, in quasi-static operation at frequencies less than 10 Hz, the increase of the US or ES characteristic may deviate. The electrical operating voltage is usually at the electrical voltage corresponding to half the saturation field strength. The linear behavior is not influenced by the influence of a constant external force. Far below the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric transducer, the mechanical strain is frequency independent at a constant amplitude of the electrical voltage. The resonance frequency in the 33 direction of a stack actuator described lies at 660 kHz and thus above the operating frequencies indicated as favorable. The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example in the following. Showing:

Figure 1 .1 an example of a part of a system according to the invention for application of mechanical energy in a partially sectioned side view;

Figure 1 .2 the example of Figure 1 .1 in a sectional side view with visible ferromagnetic core.

FIG. 2.1 shows an example of part of a system according to the invention for applying mechanical energy in cross section;

Figure 2.2 shows the example of Figure 2.1 in a side view;

Figure 3.1 shows an example of a part of a system according to the invention for applying thermal energy with a thermal conductor element in cross section;

Figure 3.2 shows the example of Figure 3.1 in a side view;

Figure 3.3 shows the example of Figure 3.1 with an additional switching element in a side view;

FIG. 4.1 shows an example of a part of a system according to the invention, a so-called integration component, for the application of mechanical and / or thermal energy for integration into a shaped body in cross-section;

FIG. 4.2 shows the example of an integration component according to FIG. 4.1 with identified integration areas in a view from above;

FIG. 4.3 shows the example of an integration component according to FIG. 4.1 with identified integration regions in a lateral view;

FIG. 4.4 shows the example of an integration component according to FIG. 4.1 integrated in a molding with marked integration regions in a view from above; in an example of a system according to the invention with an integrating component introduced vertically into a molded body for applying mechanical energy with visible integration regions and two coils arranged outside as first transducer elements for generating at least one alternating magnetic field and deflection vectors in a lateral view; an example of a system according to the invention with an integrating component horizontally introduced into a molded body for the application of mechanical energy with visible integration interface and two coils arranged outside as the first transducer elements for generating at least one alternating magnetic field and deflection vectors in a lateral view; an example of a system according to the invention according to Figure 5.2 with additionally arranged on the molding body sensors in a side view; an example of a system according to the invention according to FIG. 5.2 with sensors additionally arranged on the shaped body and a sensor-porous specimen arranged on the shaped body and an actuator-sensor-actuator arrangement in a lateral view; an example of a system according to the invention with an integrating component introduced vertically into a molded body for generating thermal energy and a transducer element for subsequent conversion into mechanical energy including a coil as a first transducer element in a lateral view; an example of a system according to the invention with an integrating component horizontally introduced into a molding body for applying mechanical energy in a recording unit for biological samples arranged on the molding and two coils as first transducer elements which are arranged on two opposite sides of the molding and the receiving unit, in lateral view; an example of a system according to the invention with an integrating component introduced vertically into a shaped body for applying mechanical energy to a receiving unit for biological samples arranged on the shaped body, and two coils as first transducer elements arranged on two opposite sides of the shaped body and the receiving unit, in FIG lateral view; an example of a system according to the invention with an integration component for the application of mechanical energy, which is integrated in a molded body designed as a hip joint prosthesis and externally arranged coil as the first transducer element and sensor in a lateral view; an example of a system according to the invention with two integration components for generating thermal energy, which are integrated in a formed as a hip joint prosthesis body, two fourth transducer elements for downstream conversion of the thermal energy into mechanical energy and externally arranged coil as a first transducer element and sensor in a side view. an example of an osteosynthesis component / plate with hole arrangement; an example of a system according to the invention with hole arrangement in the integration region in plan view; an example of a system according to the invention with hole arrangement in the integration area in a side view; an example of the integration of a system according to the invention with a hole arrangement in the integration region on an osteosynthesis component / plate with hole arrangement without screws in plan view; an example of a system according to the invention with hole arrangement in the integration area in a lateral view, which by means of thermal Spattered, for example, with a titanium vanadium aluminum alloy was embedded;

Fig. 9.6 an example of the integration of a system according to the invention with

Hole arrangement in the integration area at one

Osteosynthesis component / plate with hole arrangement without screws (top view), which was embedded by means of thermal spraying, for example. With a Titanvanadiumaluminiumlegierung

FIG. 9.7 shows an example of the integration of a system according to the invention with an anchor-shaped integration interface in an osteosynthesis screw

Fig. 9.8 an example of the integration of a system according to the invention with radial

Integration interface in the form of a sleeve or a thermally sprayed plasma layer in an osteosynthesis screw

In Figure 1 .1 and Figure 1 .2 an example of a system according to the invention in two views is shown in which in a receiving element 1, which preferably consists of titanium, an electrical coil 2 as a second transducer element and a piezoelectric transducer element 15 as a third transducer element, the is formed with a plurality of stacked plate-shaped piezoelectric elements and electrically conductively connected to the electrical coil 2 by electrical conductor elements 25, that occurs at a voltage applied to the electrical coil 2 and the piezoelectric transducer element 15 electrical voltage contraction or elongation of the piezoelectric transducer element 15. Since at least the piezoelectric transducer element 15 is positively and / or positively connected to the receiving element 1, this change in the piezoelectric transducer element 15 leads to a force effect or deformation of the receiving element 1. This force effect or deformation can be used, for example, to couple vibrations or sound waves into a molded body 13 connected to the receiving element 1 or enclosing it at least partially.

In order to improve this effect of the coupling, as the illustration in Figure 1 .2 shows, on the receiving element 1 contour elements 1 a present, which lead to improved positive engagement and greater leverage. In this example, the contour elements 1 a are nose-shaped. But there are others too geometric shapes for contour elements 1 a, such as hook and / or angled elements or flanges are selected.

The receiving element 1 has a rectangular cross-section in this example. The piezoelectric transducer element 15 is surrounded by a ceramic layer 4, which is penetrated only by the electrical conductor elements 25 between the piezoelectric transducer element 15 and the electrical coil 2 and whereby an electrical and / or thermal insulation of the components of the system can be achieved.

Side of the receiving element 1 three variants of a first transducer element are shown with each other, wherein the first variants of the first transducer element is formed from an electrical coil 9 for generating an alternating magnetic field. In the second variant below, the first transducer element additionally contains a ferromagnetic core 10. 1 arranged in the electrical coil 9. In the underlying third variant, the ferromagnetic core 10.2 is arranged outside the electric coil 9. The illustrated variants of first transducer elements can be used alternatively or in combination. In addition, deviating arrangements of individual or a plurality of first transducer elements are also possible from the illustrated lateral arrangement of the first transducer elements to the receiving element 1.

With the described variants of a first transducer element alternating magnetic fields of different frequency can be generated when the electrical coil 9 of a first transducer element with an AC voltage, which can be generated for example by a frequency generator, not shown, is fed. Located in the environment and in sufficient proximity of this alternating magnetic field, the electrical coil 2 of a second transducer element, an electrical voltage is induced in this. To increase the induced voltage, a ferromagnetic core 3 made of soft magnetic material is arranged in the coil 2. Since the piezoelectric transducer element 15 is electrically conductively connected to the electrical coil 2 by means of the electrical conductor elements 25, depending on the polarity and the course of the induced voltage, which can be influenced in accordance with Lenz's rule, deformation of the piezoelectric transducer element 15 occurs the receiving element 1 and the attached contour elements 1 a on the Environment and in particular on a not shown connected moldings in the form of vibrations or sound waves can be transmitted.

Thus, with the system according to the invention, energy can be transmitted wirelessly from a first region in which at least one first transducer element is located in a second spatially separated, non-electrically connected connected region with at least one second transducer element and in this region by means of a third designed as a piezoelectric transducer element 15 Transducer element vibrations or sound waves emitted and transmitted by means of the receiving element 1 to the environment and / or coupled into a connected moldings.

Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2. show a more complex structure of part of a system according to the invention in two views. It can be seen that an electrical coil 2 as a second transducer element encloses a ferromagnetic core 3, so that it is arranged in the interior of the electrical coil 2. Electric coil 2, ferromagnetic core 3 and a part of the receiving element 1 are surrounded by a plurality of cylindrical ceramic layers 4 and 6, which act both electrically, as well as thermally insulating. The ceramic layers 4 and 6 may be formed of dielectric ceramic materials, preferably zirconium or aluminum oxide.

In addition, there is a layer 7 of molybdenum covering these ceramic layers 4 and 6. This molybdenum layer 7 is surrounded by a sleeve 8 made of titanium, which is positively, positively and / or cohesively connected to the layer 7, wherein two end faces are open, so that the contour elements 1 a or a thermal conductor 5, the here not shown, can stand out. In addition, a third transducer element, not shown here, for example, a piezoelectric transducer can be integrated in the arrangement.

The integrated arrangement of the components of the system according to the invention in the described encapsulated type allows easy integration of this in a molded body not shown here and the electrical and thermal isolation of individual system components with each other and / or the system components to peripheral areas of the system and is described as a whole in the following Integration component 28 denotes. In Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 is another example of an integration component 28, ie a more complex structure of a portion of a system according to the invention shown in two views, in which again in a receiving element 1, an electric coil 2 as a second transducer element positively and / or positively received and in turn of several cylindrical ceramic layers 4 and 6, which act both electrically, as well as thermally insulating, is enclosed. In addition, there is again a layer 7 of molybdenum which surrounds these ceramic layers 4 and 6 and is surrounded by a sleeve 8 of titanium in a force, shape and / or material fit.

The electrical coil 2 and / or an unrecognizable ferromagnetic core 3 is connected to a thermal conductor element 5, which is brought out to the outside of the receiving element 1. This thermal conductor element 5 can be guided completely or only partially to the outside. The thermal conductor element 5 may be made of a thermally well-conducting metal, e.g. Aluminum, copper or an alloy of these elements. But it can also be used for precious metals or titanium. It may also be completely or partially formed of a shape memory metal. A thermal conductor element 5 can also be formed with an element that changes its longitudinal extent as a function of the respective temperature and can be formed from a material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion.

If the constituent parts of the illustrated system are in an alternating magnetic field generated by means of first transducer elements not shown here, the current flow produced by the electrical voltage induced in the coil 2 results in a short-circuited coil 2 loaded with an electrical load and the hysteresis losses in the ferromagnetic core as well By means of heat conduction in the thermal conductor element 5, this temperature increase also reaches the regions of the shape memory metal or of the element which expands upon heating and can convert thermal energy into mechanical ones Energy to be transformed.

Is an additional thermally activatable element 12 as a fourth transducer element, in particular an actuator of the thermal converts into mechanical energy and For example, consists of a shape memory metal, present, this can be arranged outside the sleeve 8 and thermally conductively connected by means of the thermal conductor element 5 with the integrated components in the sleeve 8, in particular the electrical coil 2 and the ferromagnetic core 3.

However, such a fourth transducer element can also be arranged inside the sleeve 8 and surrounded by the ceramic layers 4 and 6. In this case, it may be connected to the receiving element 1 in such a way that a movement is possible if the respective transition temperature exceeds or falls short of a respective transition temperature or a corresponding deformation of the receiving element 1.

FIG. 3.3 shows an example of an integration component 28 according to FIG. 3.1 and FIG. 3.2 with an additional switching element 26, with which the time of conversion of the energy of the alternating magnetic field of the first transducer element into thermal and / or electrical energy and / or its forwarding to third and / or or fourth transducer elements or peripheral region of the system can be triggered externally triggered.

In particular, a short circuit of the electrical coil 2 and / or the electrical connection between the electrical coil 2 and an electrical load, such as a filament and / or the connection between the electrical coil 2 an integrated third transducer element, such as a piezoelectric transducer and / or the electrical connection to a fourth transducer element is defined or interrupted by means of a reed contact as switching element 26. As a result, the timing of the generation of thermal energy in the second transducer element can be influenced. Likewise, as explained in the general part of the description, the time of discharge of a piezoelectric transducer used for detection purposes and acted upon by mechanical pulses can be influenced via the coil 2.

Furthermore, an externally triggered production or interruption of a thermal connection, for example, between the thermal conductor 5 and a fourth transducer element, which converts the thermal into mechanical energy is possible. For this purpose, the switching element 26, for example, in addition to a reed contact a bimetallic component or entirely as a bimetallic component be formed, which produces a thermal and possibly additionally an electrical contact during deformation or interrupts.

FIG. 4.1 shows, by way of example, the cross section of a part of a system according to the invention according to FIG. 2.1, which is preferably suitable for integration in a shaped body 13 and forms an integration component 28.

FIG. 4.2 and FIG. 4.3 show the integration component 28 in a top view and a side view, respectively. In this case, the integration regions 27, by which the connection of the part to the molded body is produced, are framed with dashed lines. These parts of the receiving unit 1 or formed thereon contour elements 1 a as well as parts of the sleeve 8 may contain. The connection of the molded body 13 with the integration regions 27 of the integration component 28 can take place, for example, via fits or clamps, but also via soldering or melting processes.

FIG. 4.4 shows a part of a shaped body 13 in which an integration component 28 according to the invention according to FIGS. 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 is integrated. Again, the integration areas 27 are framed with a dashed line. Furthermore, it can be seen that the integration regions 27 of the integration component, via which the connection to the molded body 13 is produced, are located in the regions of the contour elements 1 a formed on the receiving element 1.

FIGS. 5.1 and 5.2 can be used, by way of example, to deduce the mode of operation of a system according to the invention with an integration component 28 integrated into a molded body 13. It can be generated with the two electric coils 9.1 and 9.2 as the first transducer elements which are connected to a frequency generator, not shown here, a magnetic alternating field through which in an electrical coil 2, not shown, a second transducer element, which is in the integration component 28th is induced, an electrical voltage at the same frequency is induced, which in turn leads to the previously explained deformations of a piezoelectric transducer element 15 as a third transducer element. With the arrows 29 shown, the respective effective direction of the corresponding forces should be clarified. By connecting the integration component 28 with the molded body 13 via the integration regions 27, the mechanical impulses generated by the acting forces are called waves or vibrations transmitted to the molded body 13 or coupled into this. The dashed frame around the electrical coil 9.2 is intended to indicate that these are also operated independently of the electric coil 9.1 or can be omitted altogether

FIG. 5.1 shows an integrating component 28 inserted vertically into a shaped body 13, wherein the coils 9.1 and 9.2 of the first transducer element are likewise arranged vertically, while FIG. 5.2 shows an integrating component 28 horizontally arranged in a shaped body 13 with horizontally arranged coils 9.1 and 9.2 of the first transducer element represents.

FIG. 5.3 shows a system according to the invention in accordance with FIG. 5.1, wherein sensors 18 are additionally attached to the molded body 13 with which monitoring or regulation of the effect can be achieved. For example, acceleration sensors, temperature sensors, magnetic field sensors, electric field probes or acoustic sensors can be used as sensors 18. The sensors 18 can detect measurement signals scalar as well as direction-dependent. The influencing of the effect of the system can be achieved both via directly between the sensors 18 and the parts of the integration module 28 arranged conductor elements as well as, as described in the general part, by wirelessly fed signals from an external area.

FIG. 5.4 shows a system according to the invention according to FIG. 5.3, in which a sensory porous body 30 and a sensor-actuator network 31 acting on it or interacting with it and schematically represented are additionally present on the molded body 13.

In the vicinity of the sensory porous body 30, for example, liquids or gases may be present, which at least partially penetrate the porous body and are acted upon by the inventive system with mechanical pulses, waves or vibrations. If externally conditioned physical properties of the environment, for example the pressure, the temperature or the flow behavior of these substances, change, this can lead to a sensitively altered reaction behavior of the substances contained in the sensory porous body 30 to the mechanical or acoustic stimulation with the system according to the invention , which in turn is shown by the Sensor-actuator network 31 can be detected and thus allows sensitive measurements of the corresponding physical quantities.

FIG. 6.1 shows an example of a system according to the invention with a deformable element 32 as a fourth transducer element, which is arranged on a shaped body 13 and connected to an initiator element 33 which is able to trigger the deformation of the deformable element 32. The deformable element 32 is shown in dashed lines in deformed form 32a. In the molded body 13, an integration component 28 is introduced, which is connected via a not shown here conductor element or the molded body directly to the initiator element 33, whereby a forwarding of the energy generated during operation of the system in the integration component 28 to the initiator element 33 in direct or converted Form is made possible. Depending on the nature of the initiator element 33, the connection may be of electrical, thermal, acoustic, mechanical, material or chemical nature. The initiator element 33 can be, for example, a locking element made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, which releases the stored energy of a prestressed spring element as a deformable element 32 by granting the expansion during the thermally induced triggering process. Furthermore, chemical reactors or inflatable bags can act as an initiator element 33.

The inventive system described here by way of example is particularly suitable as a re-anchoring or Wiederblockiersystem, which restores the lost contact of the molding with a surrounding body or its periphery.

FIGS. 7.1 and 7.2 show two variants of a system according to the invention with a receptacle 21 for biological samples integrated in a molded body 13. Two electric coils 9.1 and 9.2 as the first transducer elements are arranged on two opposite sides of the molded body 13 and the receptacle 21. Within the molded body 13, an integration component 28 is present. The two variants differ in the orientation of the electric coils 9.1. and 9.2 and the integration component 28 for receiving 21, wherein Figure 7.1 represents a horizontal and Figure 7.2 shows a vertical arrangement. With the illustrated System influencing a biological sample contained in the receptacle 21 can be achieved by vibrations.

The two electric coils 9.1 and 9.2 can, as indicated by the dashed frame to coil 9.2 in Figure 7.2 are also operated independently, alternately or with a time delay, so that the propagation direction can be influenced by coupled into the molding oscillations or sound waves. It is also possible to use one of the coils alone. Such an arrangement of a plurality of electrical coils 9 of a first transducer element can also be used in other embodiments and applications for the invention.

In this example, a sensor 18 is also provided, with which the effect of the system according to the invention, as already described above, monitored and / or a control can be realized.

Figures 8.1 and 8.2 are intended to illustrate advantageous applications of systems according to the invention.

In FIG. 8.1, an integration component 28 for generating, transmitting and coupling mechanical energy into a prosthesis for a hip joint is incorporated as a shaped body 13. Part of the prosthesis is located at the femur 22.1. The ball of the prosthesis is held in the pelvis 22.2. Outside the respective living being above the outer skin 23, an electrical coil 9 is arranged as a first transducer element at a distance. The alternating magnetic field generated by the coil 9 causes, as described and explained above, by means of an electrical coil 2 as a second transducer element and an electrically connected thereto piezoelectric transducer 15 as a third transducer element, both transducer elements are in the integration component 28, mediated via a Receiving element 1 with contour elements 1 a coupling of mechanical vibrations and waves in the prosthesis as a molded body and in the peripheral areas. Thereby, the ingrowth of the prosthesis into the bone tissue can be stimulated.

It is also possible to later check the firmness of the prosthesis in the bone. For this purpose, for example, with the electric coil 9 as inversely operated first transducer element one of the electrical coil 2 of the second Transducer element generated alternating magnetic field or magnetic signal can be detected and evaluated. Such can occur when, for example, due to vibrations or deformations of the shaped body 13 in the form of the prosthesis, electrical voltages are generated with a piezoelectric transducer element as the third transducer element 15. The resulting electrical current flow through the electrical coil 2 connected directly to the piezoelectric transducer element then generates an alternating magnetic field which can be detected and evaluated by the coil 9 of the first transducer element.

For alternative applications such as component or structural monitoring, such oscillation or deformation of the sensory shaped body 13 can also be generated in a defined manner, for example as in hardness tests with a Poldi / Baumann hammer or by means of other acoustic signal generators. By means of this method, it is also possible to detect changes in the state of stress of the molding itself and its periphery, as well as in the joints between the molding and the periphery.

The measurement of the magnetic field generated by the coil 2 of the second transducer element can also be measured with an externally arranged magnetic field sensor or a separate sensor coil as sensor 18 and subsequently evaluated.

In FIG. 8.2, two integration components 28 for generating and transmitting thermal energy in a prosthesis for a hip joint are incorporated as shaped bodies 13. Part of the prosthesis is located at the femur 22.1. The ball of the prosthesis is held in the pelvis 22.2. Outside the respective living being above the outer skin 23, an electrical coil 9 is arranged as a first transducer element at a distance. The alternating magnetic field generated by the coil 9 causes, as described and explained above, by means of the two second transducer elements, which are located in the two integration components 28, via the principles of Joule heating and the hysteresis and eddy current losses, at least a heating of components of the integration components 28, in particular of their coils 2 and / or integrated ferromagnetic cores 3. With the deformable elements 32 as the fourth transducer elements, at least a portion of this heat energy in kinetic Energy to be transformed. As a result, for example, a re-anchoring of the prosthesis in the bone tissue can be achieved.

In systems according to the invention, in particular in the examples described above, a ferromagnetic core 3 of a second transducer element arranged in the electrical coil 2 may, for example, have a length of 6 mm and an outer diameter of 2 mm. The core material may be, for example, a soft magnetic material commercially available under the trade designation PERMENORM 5000H2 or a magnetically semi-hard material commercially available under the trade designation VACOZET 258. The former is a nickel-iron alloy with a saturation polarization of 1 .55T, the latter a cobalt-iron-nickel alloy with a remanent induction of 1.4 T and a coercive field strength of 1-5 kA / cm.

The ferromagnetic core 3 of a second transducer element may be wrapped in inventive systems for generating thermal energy with a preferably short-circuited electrical coil 2.

An electric coil 2 of a second transducer element may be made of a copper wire having a wire diameter of 0.18 mm and a winding number N = 100. Their length in the longitudinal axis direction can be 5-6 mm.

In the thermal and electrical insulation of the components of the integration unit 28, it is favorable, a temperature resistance of 1 000 ° C to 1 600 ° C, a thermal conductivity of 0.48 W / m-1 K-1 to 2.1 Wm-1 K. -1, a thermal expansion of 7x 1 0-6 K-1 to 1 4x 1 0-6 K-1, a specific electrical resistance of 1 08 to 1 09 Ω cm and a dielectric withstand voltage of 5 kV / mm comply.

The alternating magnetic field required for operating a system according to the invention and generated by the first converter element can be generated by means of one or more moving permanent magnets and / or by means of an electric coil or a combination of electrical coils to which one or more ferromagnetic cores 10 can be assigned.

In FIG. 9.1, as an example of a molded body 13, an osteosynthesis plate with a hole arrangement 14.1 as used for screwing bone fracture elements is shown. In FIG. 9.2, as an example of a system according to the invention, an acoustic excitation unit is shown in a titanium sleeve 8 with screw-shaped contour elements 1 a arranged at both ends with a corresponding hole arrangement 14.

FIG. 9.3 shows an acoustic excitation unit in a titanium sleeve 8 with screw-shaped contour elements 1 a arranged at both ends with a corresponding hole arrangement 14. 2 in a lateral view.

9.4 shows in plan view the acoustic excitation unit shown in FIGS. 9.2 and 9.3 in a titanium sleeve 8 with screw-shaped contour elements 1a arranged at both ends with a corresponding hole arrangement 14.2 in the form of the osteosynthesis plate 13 with a hole arrangement 14.1 shown in FIG. that the two hole assemblies 14.1 and 14.2 superimposed positively and thus a frictional screwing of the two components with each other and / or with the bone fracture ends is made possible. An osteostimulative, mechanoacoustic vibration emanating from the acoustic excitation unit arranged in a sleeve can thus be applied positively to the osteosynthesis plate 13 and via its screw connection to the bone fracture ends directly onto the bone. The osteosynthesis plate thus stimulates the mechanotransduction in the fracture area topically.

FIG. 9.5 shows an acoustic excitation unit, here embedded in a titanium sleeve 8, with screw-shaped contour elements 1a arranged at both ends with a corresponding hole arrangement 14.2 in a lateral view, which was bioactively encased by thermal spraying with a titanium vanadium aluminum alloy.

In FIG. 9.6, the acoustic excitation unit shown in FIG. 9.5 is placed on the osteosynthesis plate 13 shown in FIG. 9.1 with a hole arrangement 14.1 in analogy to FIG. 9.4, so that the two hole arrangements 14.1 and 14.2 overlap one another in a form-fitting manner and thus frictionally screw the two components together and / or allow bone fracture ends. An osteostimulative, mechanoacoustic vibration emanating from the acoustic excitation unit arranged in a sleeve can thus be frictionally applied to the osteosynthesis plate 13 and via its screw connection to the osteosynthesis plate 13 Bone fracture ends are applied directly to the bone. The osteosynthesis plate thus stimulates the mechanotransduction in the fracture area topically.

FIG. 9.7 shows the integration of a system according to the invention with anchor-shaped integration regions 27 in an osteosynthesis screw (molded body) 13 with a thread 24 arranged before and after the acoustic excitation unit (integration component) 28.

FIG. 9.8 shows the integration of a system according to the invention with a radial integration interface in the form of a sleeve 8 or a thermally sprayed plasma layer in the bore 14.3 in an osteosynthesis screw (molded body) 13 with threads 24 arranged before and after the acoustic excitation unit (integration component) 28 ,

In FIGS. 9.7 and 9.8, an osteostimulative, mechanoacoustic vibration emanating from the acoustic excitation unit (integration component) 28 arranged in a sleeve with a thread 24 arranged after the integration component 28 can be applied directly to the osteosynthesis screw 13 and via its screw connection to the bone fracture ends be applied to the bone. The osteosynthesis screw thus stimulates the mechanotransduction in the fracture area topically.

All components of a system according to the invention, which are embodied in the examples as individual components, in particular the first, second, third and fourth transducer elements and the receiving and conductor elements can also be multiple and in combination components of a system according to the invention

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 receiving element

1 a contour elements

2 electrical coil of a second transducer element

3 ferromagnetic core of a second transducer element

4 first ceramic layer

5 thermal conductor element

6 second ceramic layer

7 molybdenum layer

8 titanium sleeve / titanium plasma shell

9 electrical coil of the first transducer element

9.1 first electrical coil of the first transducer element

9.2 second electrical coil of the first transducer elements

10 ferromagnetic core of a first transducer element

12 thermally activatable element / fourth transducer element

13 moldings

14.1 Holes in shaped bodies (eg here in osteosynthesis plate)

14.2 Drilling in integration component

14.3 Holes in shaped bodies (eg here in osteosynthesis screw) 15 piezoelectric transducer element / third transducer element

18 sensors

21 Recording for biological samples

22.1 femur

22.2 Pelvis

23 outer skin

24 threads

25 electrical conductor elements

26 switching element

27 integration areas

28 integration components

29 force acting directions sensory porous body

Sensor-actuator network

deformable element / fourth transducer element

deformed deformable element / fourth transducer element initiator element

Claims

claims

1 . System for the wireless transmission of energy and / or signals between spatially separated areas without electrically conductive connections, the conversion of energy and / or signals into other forms of energy and / or signal forms and their application and / or detection in at least one peripheral area of the system

at least one first transducer element (9), in particular a first electrical coil or a magnetizable material or a movable permanent magnet, with the magnetic alternating fields and / or magnetic waveforms can be generated and / or detected, wherein the first transducer element (9) arranged in a first region is

at least one second transducer element (2), in particular a second electrical coil, which permits mutual, unidirectional or bidirectional conversion of energy of the alternating magnetic fields and / or the magnetic signal forms into electrical energy and / or electrical signal forms, and a third transducer element (15) which permits mutual, unidirectional or bidirectional conversion of the electrical energy and / or electrical signal forms into mechanical energy, in particular in the form of oscillations or sound waves, wherein the second transducer element (2) and the third transducer element (15) in one of the first Area adjacent further area is arranged

or

at least one second transducer element (2), in particular a second electrical coil, with which the energy of the magnetic field generated by the first transducer element (9) by hysteresis heating and / or eddy currents and / or Joule heating of the second transducer element (2) in thermal Energy is convertible and a thermal conductor element (5), which passes on the thermal energy to the place of application, wherein the second transducer element (2) and the thermal conductor element (5) is arranged in a further region adjacent to the first region,

or at least one second transducer element (2), in particular a second electrical coil, which enables a mutual, unidirectional or bidirectional conversion of energy of the alternating magnetic fields and / or the magnetic signal forms into electrical energy and / or electrical signal forms and / or thermal energy and at least a fourth transducer element (32, 32a) which is electrically and / or thermally conductively connected to the second transducer element (2) and which converts the mutual, unidirectional or bidirectional conversion of the electrical energy and / or electrical signal forms and / or thermal energy into further Energy forms, in particular mechanical energy and / or chemical energy and / or electromagnetic radiation, at least partially, allows and / or forwards these forms of energy, the second transducer element (2) and the fourth transducer element (32, 32a) in a further adjacent to the first region Area is arranged.

2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that second, third or fourth transducer elements are fixed alone or with other transducer elements together in a receiving element (1).

3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the third transducer element (15) is a piezoelectric transducer element.

4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ferromagnetic core is arranged on or in a second transducer element (2).

5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second transducer element (2) and the third transducer element (15) are electrically connected directly.

6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a third transducer element (15) as short-circuited the Coil of the second transducer element (2) is formed or includes such.

7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fourth transducer element, the energy of at least one second transducer element (2) and / or at least one third transducer element (15) at least partially in other forms of energy, in particular kinetic, thermal, electromagnetic or chemical energy converts and / or forwards.

8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second, third or fourth transducer elements (2, 15, 32) are arranged in a parallel and / or series arrangement or independently of each other, so that a multiple conversion of magnetic energy into electrical , mechanical, kinetic energy and / or thermal energy is achievable.

9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first transducer element (9) is an electrical coil with a ferromagnetic core (10, 10.1, 10.2), wherein the ferromagnetic core (10, 10.1, 10.2) in and / or is arranged on the electric coil.

10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first transducer element (9) consists of a combination of several coils, which one or more ferromagnetic cores (10, 10.1, 10.2) are assigned from the same or different materials.

1 1. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on a receiving element (1) at least one contour element (1 a) is present or the receiving element (1) made of an elastically deformable or acoustically conductive material, in particular of metal or a metal alloy ,

12. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second transducer element (2), the third transducer element (15) and / or the fourth transducer element (32) is at least partially enclosed by a shaped body (13).

13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that the shaped body (13) is a prosthesis, an orthosis, an implant or an osteosynthesis adjuvant.

14. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first transducer element (9) magnetic fields and waveforms with frequencies in the range 10 Hz to 3000 Hz, preferably in the range 175 Hz to 300 Hz provides.

15. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first transducer element (9) comprises at least one acted upon by a constant alternating voltage electric coil and at least one of the second, third or fourth transducer elements (2, 15, 32), the conversion of energy the magnetic alternating fields and / or the magnetic waveforms of the first transducer element (9) in electrical energy and / or electrical waveforms and / or other energy or waveforms such allows, so that realized by the last transducer element of a cascade, a physical gradient frequency independent.

16. System according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the shaped body (13) is associated with at least one sensor or sensory effective, preferably porous body (30).

17. System according to claim 12, 13 or 16, characterized in that on the shaped body (13) at least one receptacle (21) for a sample is present, wherein the sample is preferably a biological sample.

18. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the signals generated by at least one of the second, third or fourth transducer elements are receivable by a sensor, wherein the sensor in the first region or in a wider area where the transducer elements are not located.

19. System according to claim 18, characterized in that the sensor is a sensor for detecting magnetic fields, in particular a magnetic field sensor or a sensor coil (18).

20. System according to claim 19, characterized in that the sensor coil (18) coincides with at least one of the electrical coils (9.1, 9.2) of the first transducer element (9).