EP3337605A1 - Poröser monolithischer hybridreaktor, ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung und seine verwendung - Google Patents
Poröser monolithischer hybridreaktor, ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung und seine verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3337605A1 EP3337605A1 EP16750747.4A EP16750747A EP3337605A1 EP 3337605 A1 EP3337605 A1 EP 3337605A1 EP 16750747 A EP16750747 A EP 16750747A EP 3337605 A1 EP3337605 A1 EP 3337605A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- hybrid reactor
- solvent
- particulate
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J14/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with liquids; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J14/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with liquids; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28026—Particles within, immobilised, dispersed, entrapped in or on a matrix, e.g. a resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/003—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0281—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
- B01J31/0284—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member of an aromatic ring, e.g. pyridinium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0292—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature immobilised on a substrate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/063—Polymers comprising a characteristic microstructure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2265—Carbenes or carbynes, i.e.(image)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/2402—Monolithic-type reactors
- B01J2219/2425—Construction materials
- B01J2219/2427—Catalysts
- B01J2219/2428—Catalysts coated on the surface of the monolith channels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/2402—Monolithic-type reactors
- B01J2219/2425—Construction materials
- B01J2219/2433—Construction materials of the monoliths
- B01J2219/244—Plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/2402—Monolithic-type reactors
- B01J2219/2441—Other constructional details
- B01J2219/2444—Size aspects
- B01J2219/2445—Sizes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/49—Esterification or transesterification
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/821—Ruthenium
Definitions
- Porous monolithic hybrid reactor a process for its preparation and its use
- the invention relates to a porous monolithic hybrid reactor for
- Enzymes are proteins that are capable of complex chemical reactions under mild conditions and ecologically beneficial with high levels of activity
- Ionic liquids can stabilize enzymes and thus enable a high number of reaction cycles and thus high turnover numbers.
- Ionic liquids are low organic salts
- the cations of the ILs are 1,3-dialkylimidazolium, tetraalkylphosphonium or tetraalkylammonium-based ions and the polyatomic inorganic anions Ions such as hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, chloride, bromide, trifluoromethylsulfonate, bis (trifluoromethylsulfone) imide, dicyanamide, acetate or carbonate, etc. (T. Welton, Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2071). Due to their very low vapor pressure, ILs are an alternative to highly volatile organic solvents (V. Plechkova et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 123). Because of their polarity, many organic molecules as well as enzymes or
- Organometallic catalysts soluble in ILs Organometallic catalysts soluble in ILs.
- the liquid phase in which the catalyst is present in dissolved form can be immobilized on a carrier material so that there is no washing out of the stationary phase.
- the ionic liquid is immobilized as a thin film on a porous support material, the catalyst being dissolved in the IL layer.
- Two-phase conditions with an ionic liquid phase and a further IL-immiscible organic or aqueous liquid phase have the advantage that the ILs and thus the catalyst dissolved therein are used more efficiently, since the surface of the ionic liquid phase immobilized on a support is their volume is very large.
- substrates can more easily diffuse to the catalyst because of the short diffusion path in the thin ionic liquid films than under classical conditions, where mass transfer is severely limited.
- only small amounts of IL are immobilized in SILP systems, which is economically advantageous.
- SIL phases thus combines advantages of homogeneous catalysis, high catalyst activity and selectivity with those of heterogeneous catalysis, such as a large reaction area where catalysis can take place and easy product separation.
- the products can be readily separated with an IL-immiscible organic phase leaving the catalyst in the immobilized IL.
- bioreactors are fixed-bed or trickle-bed bioreactors, in which enzymes are bound to a solid particle surface and the particles are flowed through by a liquid phase (E.G. Vlakh, T. B. Tennikova, J. Sep. Sei. 2013, 36, 1149). This allows for easy product separation and high space-time yields. Disadvantages are the frequently occurring inhomogeneous flows as well as the closing of the cavities of the particle beds.
- DE 697 35 226 T2 relates to a process for producing a microporous, oleophilic and heterophilic
- Adsorptionsrecten copolymer the allyl methacrylate and a
- Microporous polymer microparticles having an average inlet diameter of less than about 50 microns and total sorption capacity for mineral oil of 72% or greater are produced by this known method. These polymer microparticles are prepared by polymerizing monomers having at least 2 unsaturated bonds. Examples of polyunsaturated monomers include polyacrylate-methacrylates or iterconates of, for example, ethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, glucose, sucrose and cellulose, as well as propanediol, butanediol, hexanediol and octanediol. Cellulose is present in these microparticles not in finely divided form, but chemically incorporated into the polyacrylates, -methacrylate or -iterconate.
- US 2014/0349839 A1 relates to a monolithic porous material based on amorphous silica or activated alumina or a mixture thereof. It is, unlike the invention described below, a special inorganic material.
- the invention has been made in the light of the prior art, the task of proposing new advantageous support materials or porous monolithic hybrid reactors, which immobilize larger amounts of enzyme or
- Heterogeneous catalytic systems should be such that they can be flowed through easily and at low back pressure with a second liquid transport phase, while a good contact between the
- this object is achieved by a porous monolithic hybrid reactor for, in particular, continuous liquid-liquid reactions, which is characterized in that the hybrid reactor has a porous cellulose and / or cellulose derivative-containing polymeric matrix with transport pores having a diameter of 1 to 200 ⁇ m, wherein the cellulose and / or the cellulose derivatives are particulate and have a diameter of 0, 1 to 100 ⁇ . It is preferred that the transport pores have a diameter of 5 to 150 ⁇ , in particular 10 to 100 ⁇ have.
- cellulose there is no critical limitation in the choice of cellulose or cellulose derivatives.
- the cellulose may be due to pulps isolated in papermaking, but also to other sources, e.g. On cotton.
- cellulose derivatives within the meaning of the invention is to be understood as follows: These are, in particular, those cellulose derivatives which may be particulate, in particular spherical, in the process according to the invention described below.
- the cellulose derivatives are not significantly dissolved by the example introduced ionic liquid, but preferably subject to swelling.
- the extent of swelling is controlled by the combination of or the ratio of ionic liquid to cellulose derivative.
- Cellulose derivatives may in particular be cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose tosylate, and / or cellulose carbamate or cellulose ethers such as alkylcellulose and especially methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propylcellulose, silylated celluloses or silylcellulose such as trimethylsilylcellulose.
- the cellulose derivatives preferably have a degree of substitution of 0 (pure cellulose) to 3, in particular from 1 to 2.5.
- substitution degree" of the cellulose derivatives should be explained as follows: Depending on the number of substituted hydroxy groups of the cellulose, the respective derivatives differ.
- Cellulose is a chain molecule of ⁇ -1,4-linked glucose molecules, each glucose unit being three
- hydroxyl groups can be wholly or partially modified by chemical reactions (eg by conversion to ether or ester), the scope of this modification being indicated by the
- Methylcelluloses methyl ethers of cellulose
- degree of substitution namely the average number of replaced
- particulate cellulose and / or the particulate cellulose derivative is in the form of spheres, such cellulose or cellulose derivatives also being used as bead material, i. be referred to as perl cellulose or as Perlcellulosederivate.
- particulate cellulose and / or the particulate cellulose derivative is in the form of spheres, such cellulose or cellulose derivatives also being used as bead material, i. be referred to as perl cellulose or as Perlcellulosederivate.
- particulate cellulose and / or the particulate cellulose derivative is in the form of spheres, such cellulose or cellulose derivatives also being used as bead material, i. be referred to as perl cellulose or as Perlcellulosederivate.
- particulate cellulose and / or the particulate cellulose derivative is in the form of spheres, such cellulose or cellulose derivatives also being used as bead material, i. be referred to as perl cellulose or as Perlcellulose
- Cellulose derivatives in particular have a diameter of 0.5 to 25 ⁇ , wherein the range of 1 to 10 ⁇ is particularly advantageous.
- the hybrid reactor has an internal diameter of 0.1 to 30 cm, in particular of 0.1 to 10 cm, and a length of 2 to 200 cm,
- the hybrid reactor has an internal diameter of 0.1 to 5 cm and / or a length of 10 to 70 cm. If this is spoken of inside diameter, then this means that it is considered here that the
- Reactor shell is, so that, based on the pure inventive hybrid reactor, the inner diameter of the diameter of the monolithic Reactive material (ie, the particulate cellulose and / or the
- particulate cellulose derivative-containing polymeric matrix
- the idea according to the invention of the special design of a hybrid reactor relates in particular to the advantageous development, according to which the ionic liquid with catalyst dissolved therein is taken up by a swelling process into the cellulose and / or cellulose derivative particles immobilized in the polymeric matrix, so that a part of the surface in the The transport pores of the hybrid reactor in which the cellulose and / or cellulose derivative particles are present are present as a "fixed mixture" of ionic liquid, catalyst and cellulose and / or cellulose derivative
- the catalyst can be used as an enzyme or as an organometallic catalyst, in particular as an ionic organometallic catalyst, for.
- organometallic catalyst in particular as an ionic organometallic catalyst, for.
- ionic organometallic catalyst for example, those described in B. Autenrieth, E.B. Anderson, D. Wang, M. R. Buchmeiser, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2013, 214, 33; Autenrieth, W. Frey, M.R. Buchmeiser, Chem. Eur. J.2012, 18, 14069; B. Autenrieth, F. Willig, D. Pursley, S. Naumann, M.R. Buchmeiser, ChemCatChem 2013, 5, 3033; C.P. Ferraz, B. Autenrieth, W. Frey, M. R. Buchmeiser,
- Organometallic catalysts include ionic Rutheniumalkyliden- and
- Organometallkatalysatoren are indicated as follows: It can be considered according to the invention a variety of catalysts, each depending on the catalytic process to be used later. In the following, various biocatalysts or enzymes and also organometallic catalysts, wherein the respective catalytic purpose is designated in brackets, are listed:
- Enzymes or biocatalysts Candida antarctica lipase B CALB (transesterification, amidation), Candida rugosa lipase (esterification), Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (transesterification), Burkholderia plantar !! Lipase (amidation), ⁇ -chymotrypsin (transesterification), porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) (esterification); Organometallic catalysts: ionic ruthenium alkylidene catalysts,
- ionic palladium catalysts in particular PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 , Pd (OAc) 2 , [Pd (1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) 2 (BF 4 ) 2 ], (for example for C coupling reactions), ionic rhodium and iridium catalysts,
- ionic liquids according to the general formula [Q +] n [Z] n " where the cation [Q +] n is a quaternized ammonium [R1R2R3R4N + ], phosphonium [R1R2R3R4P + ] or sulfonium [R1R2R3S + ] Cation or an analogous quaternized nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur heteroaromatic compound of the following formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V) and (VI)
- radicals R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4 or the radicals R 1 to R 8 in the formulas (I) to (VI) independently of one another are linear, cyclic, branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radicals, mono- or polycyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals or derivatives of these radicals substituted with further functional groups, where R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 may be linked to one another, where the anion [Z] n 'is in the form of a halide, pseudohalide, amide, in the form of of phosphorus compounds or nitro compounds.
- the alkyl radical is in the form of a Ci-Ci 8 - alkyl radical, in particular an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl , or 2-butyl radical is present, the cyclic alkyl radical in the form of a C 3 -i 0 -cycloalkyl radical, in particular in the form of a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or
- Cyclohexyl radical is present, the unsaturated alkyl radical in the form of a vinyl, 2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, cis-2-butenyl, trans-2-butenyl radical is present, the
- aromatic radical is present in the form of a phenyl or naphthyl radical which may be substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms, alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl radicals, and the heteroaromatic radical in the form of a 0-, S- or N-containing heterocyclic radical having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- ionic liquid [EMIM] [DCA] [EMIM] [Cl]
- EMIM ethylmethylimidazolium
- [MMIM] dimethylimidazolium
- [DCA] dicyanamide
- [DMP] dimethyl phosphate
- [DEP] diethyl phosphate
- [BMIM] 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
- [OMIM] 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium.
- ionic liquids have proven particularly advantageous in the practice of the invention: 1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl 2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and / or 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium salt.
- the hybrid reactor according to the invention is not subject to any relevant restriction. It is preferred that the hybrid reactor contains from 5 to 60% by weight, in particular from 20 to 50% by weight, of ionic liquid, based on the overall system. Particularly preferred is the range of 25 to 50 wt .-% of ionic liquid.
- Hybrid reactor as shown. Therefore, it is expedient to have an advantageous
- the porosity is preferably 20 to 90%, in particular 40 to 80%.
- the porosity is generally understood to mean the difference between 1 and the quotient of bulk density p ° (of a non-porous solid) and pure density p (of the porous solid without
- Solvent i. l- (p / p °), where this difference is multiplied by 100 for an indication in%.
- the bulk density can be achieved by implementing a
- composition containing, with the exception of solvents, the same constituents as that used to prepare the porous solid.
- density of the solid can be determined by suitable methods.
- the polymeric matrix is preferably made of polyurethane.
- other polymeric materials may advantageously be considered, such as
- poly (norbornene) s in particular poly (norbornene) s, poly (cyclooctene) s, poly (acrylate) s,
- Poly (methacrylate) s Poly (acrylamide) s, poly (styrene) s or epoxy resins.
- these polymeric materials are crosslinked materials.
- the polymeric matrix of the hybrid reactor contains from 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular from 1 to 10% by weight, of particulate cellulose and / or particulate cellulose derivatives.
- the invention also provides an advantageous process for the preparation of the hybrid reactor according to the invention, which is characterized in that in the course of a polyreaction with monomers, initiators and solvents in the presence of particulate cellulose and / or particulate
- Cellulosederivaten in particular in spherical particle shape or spherical shape, a porous polymeric matrix is formed with transport pores.
- a porous polymeric matrix is formed with transport pores.
- porogenic solvents in the prior art known porogenic solvents in the
- Solvent dissolves the monomers of the polymer to be formed but not the polymer itself. This has the consequence that it during the polymerization to a Phase separation between polymer and solvent, in which excess monomers can be dissolved, comes and form only filled with the solvent areas. Is the following after the polymerization
- Solvent for example by evaporation removed, remain the previously filled by the solvent porous structures in the polymer as empty pores.
- 2-propanol / toluene poly (norbornene) s, poly (cyclooctene) s), cyclohexanol / l-dodecanol (poly (acrylate) s), cyclohexanol / l-dodecanol (poly ( methacrylate) e), hexane / 1-dodecanol (poly (methacrylate) e), dimethy sulfoxide / 1, 4-butanediol
- Tetrahydrofuran (TH F), dichloromethane, chloroform or toluene, n-pentane or n-heptane is used.
- the polymeric matrix of the hybrid reactor according to the invention is preferably a polyreaction as polyaddition, polycondensation or as polymerization, depending on the underlying
- Initiators and solvents are used for the respective polyreaction. Also, for the particular application, a particularly advantageous particulate cellulose and / or the particulate
- particulate cellulose 2,5-acetate as the particulate cellulose derivative.
- the particulate cellulose as perl cellulose and the particulate cellulose derivative are advantageous.
- the hybrid reactor obtained is expediently rinsed with a solvent to remove remaining reactants and then dried.
- a solvent may preferably be chloroform, dichloromethane, THF, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile or mixtures thereof. It is for rinsing in particular a solvent mixture of ethyl acetate / tetrahydrofuran or
- This hybrid reactor according to the invention is subsequently modified such that a catalyst-containing ionic liquid (IL) is immobilized in it, specifically in the cellulose or cellulose derivative domains, as defined above, by carrying out the following measures:
- Organometallkatalysator in a suitable IL optionally with the addition of small amounts of water ( ⁇ 10 wt .-%), this solution or emulsion, in particular by means of a pump, introduced into the porous monolithic hybrid reactor according to the invention.
- the excess of enzyme or catalyst-containing IL is increased by up to 6 hours Rinse with a suitable, ie with the IL immiscible solvent removed.
- a suitable, ie with the IL immiscible solvent removed. This is preferably a solvent in the form of methyl t-butyl ether or n-heptane.
- step 1 care must be taken to ensure that the ionic liquid and the cellulose and / or the cellulose derivative incorporated in the polymeric matrix are coordinated with one another in such a way that the cellulose and / or the cellulose derivative which are accessible to the ionic liquid are absorbed swells, but does not dissolve in this.
- This can be ensured by suitable selection of the ionic liquid and / or the cellulose and / or the cellulose derivative. Dissolution which could impair the structural integrity of the hybrid reactor according to the invention can also be avoided by choosing the amount of ionic liquid to be so low that the cellulose and / or the cellulose derivative can not dissolve to any significant extent.
- the solubility of cellulose or cellulose derivatives in the ionic liquid can also be adjusted by the addition of small amounts of water, since it is known that the solubility of cellulose in water-containing ionic
- Solvent containing the reactants of the respective reaction, or a reactive gas or a reactive gas mixture is flowed through.
- the immiscible solvent the skilled person is not subject to any relevant restriction.
- it has a very low viscosity of preferably 0.3 mPa -s to 0.5 mPa -s, in particular up to 10 mPa -s.
- a solvent immiscible with the ionic liquid in the form of toluene, xylene, methyl t-butyl ether, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecanol, tert-butanol, tetrahydrofuran, water or mixtures thereof is considered to be particularly prefers.
- the invention enables the advantageous use of a porous monolithic hybrid reactor, in particular for continuous biocatalysis.
- a particular advantage is that ionic liquids integrated in the hybrid reactor can be used in biocatalysis in which suitable enzymes are dissolved, wherein the ionic liquids and the catalyst dissolved therein in a very advantageous manner in the particulate cellulose and or the particulate Insert cellulose derivatives that are in the transport pores of the monolithic
- Hybrid carrier material are involved. Accordingly, there is advantageously provided a surface containing the ionic liquid with the catalyst dissolved therein, into which reactants dissolved in an organic phase immiscible with the ionic liquid can easily pass.
- the reaction products obtained from the ionic liquid on the catalyst after the reaction can be converted back into the immiscible organic phase and separated from the system, the particular catalyst remaining in the immobilized ionic liquid.
- polyurethane as matrix and pearl cellulose
- Perlcellulosederivate be used. It is readily apparent that other polymers can be used as well as other cellulosic materials besides the perlcellulose or perlcellulose derivatives, provided that they fall within the scope of the invention.
- porous monolithic hybrid materials based on a polymeric matrix, in particular of polyurethane, in
- Cellulose derivatives such as. As cellulose 2,5-acetate, under
- porous monolithic hybrid reactors or, in the preferred case, highly porous, pressure-stable beaded cellulose polyurethane monoliths can bind well to ILs in which a suitable enzyme or a suitable catalyst in the form of an organometallic catalyst is dissolved in an appropriate concentration. If one speaks here of significant amounts of ILs, then one could set as preferred frame for this 5 to 60 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 50 wt .-% ionic liquid (IL) with included catalyst, based on the entire porous monolithic hybrid reactor ,
- the particulate pearl cellulose or the particulate pearl cellulose derivative is swollen thereby by the catalyst-containing ILs. They thus serve as a reservoir for the enzyme / catalyst. Interactions between the ILs and the Perlcellulose and / or the
- Pearl cellulose derivatives cause a very good retardation of the ILs even under flow conditions and prevent the washing out of the liquid phase and thus of the enzyme / catalyst. Due to the large surface of the crosslinked monolithic polymer backbone good contact with a second IL-immiscible, substrate-containing liquid phase with the enzymes or catalysts is achieved, resulting in a rapid mass transfer of the reactants and products between the two phases results and high space-time Yields at low back pressures are possible. The immiscibility of the mobile liquid phase with the immobilized IL results in easy product separation without further processing steps.
- the porous monolithic hybrid reactor can be loaded again with enzyme / organometallic catalyst-containing IL.
- a suitable washing liquid z.
- ethanol methanol or a mixture of ethanol and THF (1: 1) possible.
- the porous monolithic hybrid reactor can be loaded again with enzyme / organometallic catalyst-containing IL.
- the invention has in the continuous
- Transesterification proved, in particular in the transesterification of 1-butanol with vinyl butyrate to butyl butyrate, of (R) -l-phenylethanol with vinyl butyrate to (R) -l-phenylethyl butyrate and of (R) -l-phenylethanol with vinyl acetate to (R) -l- phenylethyl acetate, for the esterification of (-) - 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol with propionic anhydride to give (-) - 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexylpropionate but also for the amidation of (R) -1-phenylethylamine with ethylmethoxyacetate (R ) -2-Methoxy- / V- (1-phenylethyl) acetamide.
- Sorbitan trioleate and 10 ml of 0.2 M aqueous sodium sulfate solution in 25 ml of paraffin oil were then added to reprecipitate the cellulose. This was stirred again for 10 minutes and the solution was cooled slowly to room temperature. The pearl cellulose thus obtained was washed four times in each case with plenty of chloroform, ethanol and then with demineralized water and dried at 60 ° C. overnight under high vacuum.
- the pearl cellulose obtained in the manner described has a medium
- Perl cellulose 2,5-acetate was prepared according to the instructions of Wagenknecht et al. (See “Method of Making Spherical Cellulose Acetate-Based Microparticles", EP0750007). For this purpose, 3.6 g of cellulose 2,5-acetate
- Methylcellulose 0.72 g of polyethylene glycol 4-tert-octylphenyl ether (sold under the trade name Triton X45) and 15.6 ml of ethyl acetate dispersed in 120 ml of demineralized water by heating for 40 minutes at room temperature with a high performance disperser (Ultra-Turrax). working at 20,000 rpm combined with a KPG stirrer at 250 rpm. After the Ultra-Turrax was turned off, the volatiles were removed by means of a constant N 2 flow at a temperature of 30 ° C held for one hour. Without stirring, the temperature was raised to 45 ° C at a heating rate of 2 K / h and held for 12 h. The obtained
- Pearl cellulose was then treated with plenty of demineralized water slurried and centrifuged for 12 minutes at 4000 rev / min. This process was carried out a total of five times. For drying, the cellulose was treated overnight at 60 ° C under high vacuum. Also obtained in the manner described Perlcellulose-2,5-acetate has an average particle size of 12 ⁇ .
- Solvent cleaning system (MBraun SPS-800) taken after it has been dried over alumina, and degassed.
- the monoliths were synthesized in (0.46 in diameter x 15) cm steel columns. For this purpose 2
- solutions A and B relate to the ready-mixed mixture produced therefrom.
- solution A l, l, l-tris (hydroxymethyl) propane (5 wt.%) In the porogens was obtained
- the size of the monolithic column was adapted to the steel column.
- the initiator as well as soluble components were removed by passing the column for 4 hours at a flow rate of 0.5 mimin -1 with a
- Solvent mixture of ethyl acetate: tetrahydrofuran (THF) (3: 1, Vol: Vol) was rinsed. The drying of the columns was carried out by 5 hours at 50 ° C were heated in a high vacuum.
- spherical polyurethane-2.5-acetate particles produced polyurethane polymer shows a bimodal particle size distribution. Therein are particles with 3 to 5 ⁇ diameter, which come from pure polyurethane. Perl cellulose 2,5-acetate, on which deposits during the polymerization of polyurethane, results in hybrid particles with diameters between 12 and 25 ⁇ .
- Hybrid monoliths with particulate cellulose prepared according to Example 1 instead of particulate cellulose 2,5-acetate (prepared according to Example 3) were also synthesized with 2% by weight of particulate cellulose.
- solution A was l, l, l-tris (hydroxymethyl) propane (5 wt .-%) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (34 wt .-%).
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- n-heptane (15% by weight
- dibutyltin dilaurate 6% by weight
- particulate pearl cellulose 2,5-acetate (1.7% by weight) was added.
- Solution B consisted of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (19% by weight) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (27% by weight).
- the solutions were mixed and filled into a vertically oriented steel column, which was closed at the bottom. In order to compensate for the volume contraction during the polymerization, the steel column was extended at the upper end with another steel column and sealed after the
- Polymerization was filled. The polymerization was after
- Entries 1-5 0.46 x 15 cm column; Entries 6-9: 2 x 30 cm column.
- Reaction equation 2 CALB-catalyzed formation of (R) -l-phenylethyl butyrate from (R / S) -l-phenylethanol and vinyl butyrate.
- Reaction equation 3 CALB-catalyzed transesterification of (R / S) -l-phenylethanol with vinyl acetate to give (R) -l-phenylethyl acetate.
- the CALB-catalyzed reaction of (R) -1-phenylethanol and vinyl acetate was carried out by immobilizing the enzyme dissolved in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5) in the respective ILs on the hybrid reactor and the substrate solution at 50 ° C and with a flow rate of 2.3 mm / min ([OMIM + ] [BF 4 " ]), 1.4 mm / min ([BMIM + ] [PF 6 " ]) or 3.7 mm / min ([BMIM + ] [CF 3 S0 3 " ]) was pumped through the monolith.
- the corresponding conversion and the activity are summarized in Table 3.
- Reaction equation 4 CRL-catalyzed esterification of (+/-) - 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol with propionic anhydride to give (-) - 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexylpropionate.
- the CRL-catalyzed esterification of (-) - 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol with propionic anhydride to give (-) - 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexylpropionate was carried out by adding 5 mg of CRL (Candida rugosa lipase) in 50 ⁇ l of aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5), added to 3 mL of the respective IL and immobilized on the hybrid reactor.
- the substrate solution was run at 23 ° C and a flow rate of 1.4 mm / min ([OMIM + ] [PF 6 " ] and [OMIM + ] [BF 4 " ]) or 0.9 mm / min ([BMIM + ] [N (Tf) 2 " ]) through the monolith and the resulting conversion and activity are summarized in Table 4.
- Reaction equation 5 CALB-catalyzed amidation of (R / S) -phenylethylamine with ethyl methoxyacetate to give (R) -2-methoxy- / V- (1-phenylethyl) acetamide.
- Ethyl methoxyacetate to (R) -2-methoxy- / V- (1-phenylethyl) acetamide was performed by dissolving CALB in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5), added to the respective IL and immobilized on the hybrid reactor.
- the substrate solution was passed through the denuder at 50 ° C and at a flow rate of 0.07 mm / min Pumped monolith.
- the resulting sales and the activity are summarized in Table 5.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015113522.1A DE102015113522A1 (de) | 2015-08-17 | 2015-08-17 | Poröser monolithischer Hybridreaktor, ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
| PCT/EP2016/068643 WO2017029120A1 (de) | 2015-08-17 | 2016-08-04 | Poröser monolithischer hybridreaktor, ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung und seine verwendung |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP3337605A1 true EP3337605A1 (de) | 2018-06-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP16750747.4A Withdrawn EP3337605A1 (de) | 2015-08-17 | 2016-08-04 | Poröser monolithischer hybridreaktor, ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung und seine verwendung |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3337605A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102015113522A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017029120A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR3044577B1 (fr) | 2015-12-07 | 2017-12-22 | Timothee Boitouzet | Procede de delignification partielle et de remplissage d'un materiau ligno-cellulosique, et structure de materiau composite obtenue par ce procede |
| FR3077895B1 (fr) | 2018-02-09 | 2020-02-28 | Sas Woodoo | Dispositif de detection tactile avec interface tactile en materiau composite |
| FR3067275B1 (fr) | 2017-06-07 | 2022-08-12 | Timothee Boitouzet | Procede de delignification partielle par voie supercritique ou subcritique et de remplissage d'un materiau ligno-cellulosique |
| DE102017214349B4 (de) | 2017-08-17 | 2021-06-10 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verwendung von silylierten Alkylcellulosen als Klebstoff |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5712358A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-01-27 | Amcol International Corporation | Process for producing an oil sorbent copolymer and the product thereof |
| DE19522181C2 (de) | 1995-06-19 | 1999-06-24 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von sphärischen Mikropartikeln auf Celluloseacetat- bzw. Cellulose-Basis |
| DE102009002978A1 (de) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-26 | Basf Se | Verwendung von ionischen Flüssigkeiten gelösten Polysacchariden als Klebstoff |
| EP2755751B1 (de) * | 2011-09-15 | 2019-05-15 | François Parmentier | Füllung für eine chromatographiesäule sowie herstellungsverfahren |
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2015
- 2015-08-17 DE DE102015113522.1A patent/DE102015113522A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2016
- 2016-08-04 EP EP16750747.4A patent/EP3337605A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-08-04 WO PCT/EP2016/068643 patent/WO2017029120A1/de not_active Ceased
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| WO2017029120A1 (de) | 2017-02-23 |
| DE102015113522A1 (de) | 2017-02-23 |
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