EP3329550A1 - Dispositif d'emission/reception et antenne associee - Google Patents
Dispositif d'emission/reception et antenne associeeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3329550A1 EP3329550A1 EP16744792.9A EP16744792A EP3329550A1 EP 3329550 A1 EP3329550 A1 EP 3329550A1 EP 16744792 A EP16744792 A EP 16744792A EP 3329550 A1 EP3329550 A1 EP 3329550A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transmitting
- transmission
- reception
- modules
- radiating element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 86
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
- H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
- H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0478—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with means for suppressing spurious modes, e.g. cross polarisation
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is that of transmitting / receiving devices for antennas, in particular transmission / reception devices capable of operating in the microwave domain and with compatible power levels of radar applications or electronic wars.
- a radar antenna is constituted by a matrix of transmitting / receiving means (or elementary antennas) comprising substantially planar radiating elements. Each radiating element is associated with a transmission / reception module (or T / R module for "transmission / reception module" in English).
- the transmitting / receiving module is disposed in the volume located just behind the transmitting / receiving means.
- the transmission / reception module amplifies an excitation signal, preferably a microwave signal, received from a remote signal generation electronics and applies the amplified excitation signal to the transmitting / receiving means.
- the transmission / reception module amplifies a reception signal received from the transmitting / receiving means and transmits the amplified reception signal to a remote acquisition electronics.
- the association of a transmission / reception means and a transmission / reception module is called a transmission / reception device.
- the accessible powers are limited by the properties of the technologies implemented for the realization of the transmission / reception module.
- the technologies MMIC for "Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit” in English, or monolithic microwave integrated circuit) conventionally implemented are characterized by maximum acceptable powers, beyond which it would be desirable to be able to work for the applications mentioned above.
- the invention therefore aims to overcome this problem.
- the subject of the invention is a transmission / reception device associating first and second transmission / reception modules with a transmission / reception means comprising a substantially planar radiating element and comprising a central point, each transmission module.
- receiving being a transmitting / receiving module coupled to the transmitting / receiving means for exciting a pair of excitation points of the radiating element, the excitation points of a pair being arranged symmetrically with respect to the radiating element, the first and second transmitting / receiving modules respectively exciting a first pair of excitation points disposed in a first direction of the radiating element and a second pair of excitation points arranged in a second direction of the radiating element, the first and second direction being orthogonal to each other.
- the invention uses two transmission / reception modules coupled to two polarization access ports, in quadrature from each other, of the same plane radiating element, each of the modules operating at a power level. nominal compatible with the maximum power acceptable by the technology used to manufacture it.
- the total incident wave is decomposed into two elementary waves transmitted to each of the transmission / reception modules.
- An elemental wave has a power that is two times lower (-3 dB) than the power of the total incident wave.
- the transmission / reception device comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
- the first and second transmission / reception modules are made of technology
- the first and second transmission / reception modules are made on the same substrate.
- the first and second transmission / reception modules are coupled to the transmission / reception means so that the transmission / reception means constitute, for each of the first and second transmission / reception modules, a charge of same impedance.
- the transmitting / receiving means is a "patch" antenna, the radiating element being constituted by a layer of conductive material, each of the first and second transmitting / receiving modules being coupled to the transmitting / receiving means by a pair of supply lines, a free end of each line being coupled to an excitation point of the radiating element.
- a distance between two excitation points of a pair of excitation points of the radiating element is adapted according to the impedance sought for the load that constitutes the transmission / reception means for the first and second transmission / reception modules.
- the first and second transmission / reception modules respectively comprise a controlled switch allowing an alternation of the mode of operation of the module that it equips in transmission and reception, a common control signal being applied to the controlled switches of the first and second modules of transmission / reception.
- the device further comprises means for adjusting a relative phase between first and second excitation signals applied by the first and second modules on the transmitting / receiving means.
- each of the first and second modules comprises a phase shift means, a common phase shift signal being applied to the phase shift means of the first and second transmission / reception modules.
- the invention also relates to an antenna comprising a plurality of transmitting / receiving devices, each transmitting / receiving device being in accordance with the device presented above.
- the attached figure shows schematically a transmission / reception device 10, which comprises a transmission / reception means 12 and an electronic circuit 13, integrating a first transmission / reception module 14 and a second transmission / reception module 16
- the first and second modules 14 and 16 are respectively connected to the transmission / reception means 12 by a pair of supply lines, 31, 32 and 33, 34 respectively.
- the transmitting / receiving means 12 shown schematically in plan view in the figure, is known as the "patch" antenna. It comprises a substantially plane radiating element 22 disposed above a ground plane layer, a gap being provided between the radiating element and the ground plane layer. This gap is for example made of an insulating material or a dielectric material.
- the radiating element 22 is a plate made of a conductive material. For example, it has a square shape.
- the radiating element 22 comprises, in addition to an excitation plate, other metal plates which are superimposed on the excitation plate. Whatever the geometry of the radiating element 22 (square, disk, etc.), it is possible to define a central point C.
- the plane of the radiating element 22 is defined by two directions D1 and D2, orthogonal to one another: the first direction D1 connects the media of two opposite sides of the square formed by the radiating element 22; the second direction D2 connects the middle of the other two opposite sides of the square formed by the radiating element 22.
- the excitation of the radiating element is effected by coupling with the end of a supply line.
- This coupling is for example achieved by electrically connecting the end of the supply line to a point of excitation of the radiating element.
- the excitation current flows towards the radiating element, through the insulating material placed between the radiating element and the ground plane layer, for example by means of a metallized via for connecting the end of the conductive power supply line to a pin located at the rear of the radiating element, to the right of the point to be excited.
- this coupling is performed by a slot in the ground plane layer.
- the end of the feed line is arranged to overlap this slot from below, the radiating element being located above the ground plane layer.
- the excitation point of the radiating element is then located substantially vis-à-vis the center of the slot.
- the slots in the ground plane layer being schematically represented by dotted lines.
- the first and second transmission / reception modules 14 and 16 are identical to each other. They are arranged between, on the one hand, a microwave signal generation electronics and an acquisition electronics, remote (not shown in the figure), and, on the other hand, the transmission / reception means 12.
- each module On the downstream side, that is to say on the side of the transmitting / receiving means, each module is connected directly to the transmission / reception means 12 by a pair of power supply lines and is therefore clean, in transmission, at applying a differential excitation signal and, in reception, acquiring a differential reception signal.
- a transmitting / receiving module already operating on differential signals, the fact of connecting it to a load in a differential manner avoids having to interpose a component, such as a balun (for "balanced! unbalanced transformer") to switch from a differential signal to a common mode signal. However, such an intermediate component degrades the power output.
- the power output of the device 10 is improved.
- the first module 14 is thus coupled to the transmission / reception means 12 via the supply lines 31 and 32, the free ends of which are respectively coupled to two excitation points P1 and P2 of the radiating element 22.
- the points P1 and P2 are arranged along the first direction D1, symmetrically on either side of the central point C of the radiating element 22.
- the second transmission / reception module 16 is coupled to the transmission / reception means 12 by the supply lines 33 and 34, the free ends of which are respectively coupled to two excitation points P3 and P4 of the radiating element 22.
- the points P3 and P4 are arranged along the second direction D2, symmetrically on either side of the central point C.
- the distance between two excitation points P1 and P2 or P3 and P4 is chosen so as to adjust the impedance of the load constituted by the transmission / reception means 12 connected to the terminals of the corresponding transmission / reception module, 14 or 16.
- the distance between the excitation points P1 and P2 and that between the points P3 and P4 is identical so that the two modules are connected to a load of the same impedance.
- This distance is preferably chosen so that the impedance of the transmitting / receiving means 12 is equal to 50 Ohms.
- the possibility of choosing the impedance implies that it is not necessary to add to the device 10 a component for adapting, by impedance transformation, the impedance between the transmission / reception modules 14 and 16, of one hand, and the transmitting / receiving means 12, on the other hand. This contributes to the improvement of the power output of the device 10, all of the power output of a transmitting / receiving module being applied to the transmitting / receiving means.
- a transmission / reception module 14, and 16 comprises various conventional functions, known to those skilled in the art.
- a transmission / reception module thus comprises a transmission channel 1 10 and a reception channel 120.
- an excitation signal S E applied by the generating electronics of a microwave signal at the input of the circuit 13 is divided by a splitter 210 into a first excitation signal applied at the input of the signal path.
- the first and second excitation signals are identical to each other, possibly at a relative phase ⁇ close .
- the transmission channel 1 10 comprises means for amplifying the excitation signal S E , in particular a preamplifier 1 14 and a high-power amplifier 1 16 in radar and electronic warfare applications.
- the first and second excitation signals are respectively transmitted to the transmitting / receiving means 12.
- first and second reception signals are applied by the transmission / reception means 12 at the input of the reception channel 120 of the first and second transmission modules 14 and 16, respectively.
- the receiving path 120 includes protection means, such as a limiter
- amplifier means such as a low noise amplifier 1 19.
- the first and second amplified reception signals are summed by an adder 220 of the circuit 13, before the resulting reception signal is transmitted to the remote acquisition electronics.
- the first module 14 comprises a controlled switch 124 by a control signal S c so as to switch the first module 14 either in a transmission mode of operation, by connecting the transmission channel 1 10 to the supply lines 31 and 32 , or in reception mode, by connecting the reception channel 120 to the supply lines 31 and 32.
- the second module 16 comprises a controlled switch 126 by a control signal S c so as to switch the second module 16 either in a transmission operating mode, by connecting the transmission channel 1 10 to the supply lines 33 and 34 , or in reception mode, by connecting the reception channel 120 to the supply lines 33 and 34.
- the control signal S c applied to the controlled switch 124 of the first module 14 is also the control signal S c applied to the controlled switch 126 of the second module 16, so that the first and second modules are synchronized in their mode of operation.
- each transmission / reception module incorporates a phase shift means controlled by a phase shift signal S v .
- the first module 14 comprises a first phase-shifting means 134 and the second module 16 comprises a second phase-shifting means 136.
- Each phase-shifting means comprises, for example, an attenuator 131 and a phase-shifter 132.
- the phase-shifting means 134 and 136 of the first and second modules 12 and 16 are controlled by the same phase shift signal S ⁇ p, so that the first and second modules 14 and 16 operate at the same time. each moment by introducing the same phase shift either on the excitation signals S E of the radiating element 22 or on the reception signals S R coming from the radiating element 22.
- the transmission / reception device 10 comprises an adjustment means 140 making it possible to introduce a relative phase ⁇ between the first and second excitation signals respectively applied at the input of the transmission channel 1 10 of each of the modules.
- transmission / reception 14 and 16 Therefore, the elementary waves respectively excited by the first and second modules 14 and 16 will be out of phase with each other.
- the adjustment means 140 adjusts the value of the relative phase ⁇ to be introduced as a function of an adjustment signal S e received from the remote electronics.
- control signals S c , phase shift S v and adjustment S e are emitted by the remote electronics and applied to input terminals of the circuit 13.
- the first and second transmitting / receiving modules 14 and 16 are made in MMIC technology.
- SiGe technology is used, but GaAn technology could be used as well.
- the first and second transmission / reception modules 14 and 16 are formed on the same substrate so as to constitute a single circuit 13. This variant has a small footprint facilitating the integration of the circuit 13 at the rear of the transmission / reception means 12.
- the power of the emitted or received electromagnetic waves may be greater than the nominal power of operation of each module, both in transmission and in reception.
- the power emitted is twice more important than the nominal power. This is particularly advantageous when the nominal power is close to the maximum power allowed by the technology implemented for the realization of the transmission / reception modules.
- the device can emit waves at a higher power.
- the fact of distributing the power of the incident wave between the two transmission / reception modules allows the device to be more robust with respect to external attacks, such as an illumination of the antenna by a device performing intentional or unintentional interference.
- each radiating element is able to individually generate a polarized total wave.
- the place of emission of the polarized total wave coincides with the central point C of the radiating element.
- the power output of the device according to the invention is optimized, in particular by the possibility of directly connecting the transmission / reception modules to the transmitting / receiving means. The losses are therefore reduced.
- Such a device can be used alone or in combination with other identical devices in an antenna.
- the device Since the device is particularly compact, it can be integrated in a network antenna, preferably an electronic scanner, for example used for applications embedded radars or for ground-based electronic warfare applications. It is then adapted to operate in the microwave range, between 3 and 30 GHz, and with high power.
- a network antenna preferably an electronic scanner, for example used for applications embedded radars or for ground-based electronic warfare applications. It is then adapted to operate in the microwave range, between 3 and 30 GHz, and with high power.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1501644A FR3039726B1 (fr) | 2015-07-31 | 2015-07-31 | Dispositif d'emission/reception et antenne associee |
PCT/EP2016/068177 WO2017021307A1 (fr) | 2015-07-31 | 2016-07-29 | Dispositif d'emission/reception et antenne associee |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3329550A1 true EP3329550A1 (fr) | 2018-06-06 |
EP3329550B1 EP3329550B1 (fr) | 2021-08-04 |
Family
ID=54783657
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16744792.9A Active EP3329550B1 (fr) | 2015-07-31 | 2016-07-29 | Dispositif d'emission/reception et antenne associee |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10454175B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3329550B1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2890873T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3039726B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017021307A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3062523B1 (fr) * | 2017-02-01 | 2019-03-29 | Thales | Antenne elementaire a dispositif rayonnant planaire |
FR3077695B1 (fr) * | 2018-02-06 | 2020-12-25 | Thales Sa | Dispositif et procede d'emission/reception de signaux radioelectriques |
FR3089726B1 (fr) | 2018-12-11 | 2020-11-13 | Thales Sa | Procédé de confusion de la signature électronique émise par un radar, et dispositif d’émission/réception adapté pour sa mise en œuvre |
FR3094797B1 (fr) * | 2019-04-04 | 2022-04-15 | Thales Sa | Procede et dispositif d'emission reception radar par changement dynamique de polarisation notamment pour l'implementation de modes radar entrelaces |
EP4227037B1 (fr) * | 2019-09-30 | 2024-03-13 | Polyplastics Co., Ltd. | Article moulé en résine ayant une surface mate |
CN112271461B (zh) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-07-02 | 华中科技大学 | 一种混合加载的双极化探地雷达阵列天线 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6009314A (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 1999-12-28 | Telefonaktiebolaget L/M Ericsson | Monolithic high frequency antenna switch |
US6466171B1 (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2002-10-15 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Microstrip antenna system and method |
US7084815B2 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2006-08-01 | Motorola, Inc. | Differential-fed stacked patch antenna |
US9780437B2 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2017-10-03 | Michael E. Knox | Antenna feed network for full duplex communication |
US7277056B1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2007-10-02 | Laird Technologies, Inc. | Stacked patch antennas |
US9083293B2 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2015-07-14 | Mediatek Inc. | Signal transceiver |
KR101988382B1 (ko) * | 2013-03-29 | 2019-06-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 안테나 장치 및 그를 구비하는 전자 기기 |
-
2015
- 2015-07-31 FR FR1501644A patent/FR3039726B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-07-29 EP EP16744792.9A patent/EP3329550B1/fr active Active
- 2016-07-29 WO PCT/EP2016/068177 patent/WO2017021307A1/fr unknown
- 2016-07-29 ES ES16744792T patent/ES2890873T3/es active Active
-
2018
- 2018-01-22 US US15/876,667 patent/US10454175B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3039726A1 (fr) | 2017-02-03 |
US10454175B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
ES2890873T3 (es) | 2022-01-24 |
FR3039726B1 (fr) | 2018-06-29 |
EP3329550B1 (fr) | 2021-08-04 |
WO2017021307A1 (fr) | 2017-02-09 |
US20180145413A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
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