EP3327250B1 - Installation ou dépose d'aube de turbine à l'embase de l'aube de turbine - Google Patents

Installation ou dépose d'aube de turbine à l'embase de l'aube de turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3327250B1
EP3327250B1 EP16461573.4A EP16461573A EP3327250B1 EP 3327250 B1 EP3327250 B1 EP 3327250B1 EP 16461573 A EP16461573 A EP 16461573A EP 3327250 B1 EP3327250 B1 EP 3327250B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine blade
operative head
mount
axial
turbomachine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16461573.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3327250A1 (fr
Inventor
Hubert Karol WOJTOWICZ
Sandra Beverly KOLVICK
Adrian Adam KLEJC
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to EP16461573.4A priority Critical patent/EP3327250B1/fr
Priority to US15/806,479 priority patent/US10724385B2/en
Publication of EP3327250A1 publication Critical patent/EP3327250A1/fr
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Publication of EP3327250B1 publication Critical patent/EP3327250B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/02—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for connecting objects by press fit or for detaching same
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F01D25/285—Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/68—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/70—Disassembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the installation or removal of turbine blades in turbomachine assemblies, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for installing and removing turbine blades at a turbine blade base.
  • Rotors for turbomachines such as turbines are often machined from large forgings. Rotor wheels cut from the forgings are typically slotted to accept the bases of turbine blades for mounting. As the demand for greater turbine output and more efficient turbine performance continues to increase, larger and more articulated turbine blades are being installed in turbomachines. Latter stage turbine blades are one example in a turbine where blades are exposed to a wide range of flows, loads and strong dynamic forces. Consequently, optimizing the performance of these latter stage turbine blades in order to reduce aerodynamic losses and to improve the thermodynamic performance of the turbine can be a technical challenge.
  • Dynamic properties that affect the design of these latter stage turbine blades include the contour and exterior surface profile of the various blades used in a turbomachine assembly, which may affect the fluid velocity profile and/or other characteristics of operative fluids in a system.
  • other properties such as the active length of the blades, the pitch diameter of the blades and the high operating speed of the blades in both supersonic and subsonic flow regions can significantly affect performance of a system.
  • Damping and blade fatigue are other properties that have a role in the mechanical design of the blades and their profiles.
  • EP 2 944 760 A1 discloses apparatuses adapted to displace turbomachine components from a location within a turbomachine.
  • apparatuses for displacing a turbine bucket from a turbomachine wheel slot include a body having at least two contacting portions for contacting the turbomachine wheel, a linear actuator coupled to the body, and an engagement arm for engaging the turbine bucket, the engagement arm coupled to the linear actuator and adapted to be actuated in a first axial direction by the linear actuator.
  • US 2015/128417 A1 discloses an apparatus for removing a turbine blade, the apparatus including a main body having a front plate including at least one securing opening for receiving a securing bolt, a rear plate having a fixture groove, and first and second side plates, and a base block configured to slide along the fixture groove of the rear plate.
  • WO 2012/167824 A1 suggests a drive-out device for driving out blades, in particular compressor blades, retained in a form-fit manner on a rotor disk, comprising a frame, a rotary table, in particular a lifting rotary table, and an impacting unit, which is retained on the frame and which has a drive-out ram and an impacting mechanism that acts on the drive-out ram.
  • An apparatus for installation or removal of a turbine blade in accordance with the invention as hereinafter claimed comprises the features of claim 1 below.
  • a method for installation or removal of a turbine blade wherein the method in accordance with the invention as hereinafter claimed comprises the features of claim 11 below.
  • spatially relative terms such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” “inlet,” “outlet,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures.
  • Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features.
  • the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below.
  • the device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
  • the "A" axis represents axial orientation (along the axis of a rotor of a turbomachine assembly).
  • the terms “axial” and/or “axially” refer to the relative position/direction of objects along axis A, which is substantially parallel with the axis of rotation of the turbomachine assembly (in particular, the rotor section thereof).
  • the terms “radial” and/or “radially” refer to the relative position/direction of objects along axis (R), which is substantially perpendicular with axis A and intersects axis A at only one location.
  • circumference refers to the relative position/direction of objects along a circumference (C) which surrounds axis A but does not intersect the axis A at any location. In figures which depict a two-dimensional view, circumference C may be omitted for clarity. Identically labeled elements in the Figures depict substantially similar (e.g., identical) components.
  • transfer or “axial transfer” refers to the process of moving (e.g., by sliding motion) a component such as a blade from one position to another, such to or from a dovetail slot of a rotor wheel.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure discussed herein can allow turbine blades to be installed within or removed from a turbomachine assembly by transferring one or more turbine blades. Although installation of turbine blades is shown more specifically in FIGS. 7 and 11 , with other FIGS. demonstrating removal of turbine blades. However, it is understood that the various embodiments described herein may be operable to install or remove turbine blades at a rotor wheel without modifying the various components and/or process methodologies discussed. Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide methods of installing turbine blades by using various apparatuses discussed herein and/or similar assemblies.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective partial cut-away illustration of a turbomachine assembly (“turbomachine") 10 in the form of a steam turbine section.
  • turbomachine e.g., steam turbines, gas turbines or other turbine assemblies.
  • Apparatuses and systems according to the present disclosure can be operable to install or remove turbine blades where conventional devices may not be usable or practical.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure may also be capable of installing or removing turbine blades which cannot be installed or removed solely by the application of mechanical force in one direction. To better illustrate features of the present disclosure during operation, example characteristics turbomachine 10 are discussed.
  • Turbomachine 10 includes a rotor 12 that includes a shaft 14 and a plurality of axially spaced rotor wheels 18.
  • a plurality of rotating blades 20 are mechanically coupled to each rotor wheel 18. More specifically, blades 20 are arranged in rows that extend circumferentially around each rotor wheel 18.
  • a plurality of stationary vanes 22 extend circumferentially around shaft 14 and are axially positioned between adjacent rows of blades 20. Stationary vanes 22 cooperate with blades 20 to form a turbine stage and define a portion of a flow path through turbomachine 10.
  • operative fluid 24 enters an inlet 26 of turbomachine 10 and is channeled through stationary vanes 22.
  • Operative fluid 24 may take the form of, e.g., steam in the example of a steam turbine, hot combusted gases in gas turbines, and/or other fluids in different types of turbomachinery.
  • Turbomachine 10 thus can extract mechanical power from operative fluid 24 after combustion.
  • Vanes 22 direct fluid 24 downstream against blades 20. Fluid 24 passes through the remaining stages imparting a force on blades 20 causing shaft 14 to rotate.
  • At least one end of turbomachine 10 may extend axially away from rotor 12 and may be attached to a load or machinery (not shown) such as, but not limited to, a generator, and/or another turbine.
  • a large turbine unit may actually include several turbines each co-axially coupled to the same shaft 14.
  • Such a unit may, for example, include a high pressure section coupled to an intermediate-pressure section, which in turn is coupled to a low pressure section.
  • turbomachine 10 can comprise five stages referred to as L0, L1, L2, L3 and L4.
  • Stage L4 is the first stage and is the smallest (in a radial direction) of the five stages.
  • Stage L3 is the second stage and is the next stage in an axial direction.
  • Stage L2 is the third stage and is shown in the middle of the five stages.
  • Stage L1 is the fourth and next-to-last stage.
  • Stage L0 is the last stage and is the largest (in a radial direction).
  • a section of a turbine e.g., a low pressure section
  • turbomachine 10 is shown in the form of a steam turbine in FIG. 1 but it is understood that embodiments of the herein claimed invention may be used with gas turbines, water turbines, wind turbines, etc.
  • blades 20 are shown arranged in a row and mounted circumferentially adjacent to each other on rotor wheel 18. Blades 20 may be designed for continued circumferential engagement with each other during operation and when subjected to relatively high loads.
  • An example form of mechanical engagement between circumferentially adjacent blades 20 is shown in FIG. 2 , and embodiments of the present disclosure may be effective for installing and removing blades 20 designed for this arrangement or similar arrangements.
  • Each blade 20 can be mechanically coupled to and mounted on rotor wheel 18 through a turbine blade base 30 including, e.g., a dovetail shape designed to fit within and engage a complementary slot within rotor wheel 18. As shown in FIG.
  • blades 20 can extend from blade base 30 with varying profiles and/or contours for accommodating a flow of fluid 24 ( FIG. 1 ) or other fluids across each blade 20.
  • a radial end of blade 20 can include a shroud portion 32 in the form of a mutually engaging, substantially identical block or plate formed and/or mounted on the tip of each blade 20.
  • the engaging blocks or plates of each shroud portion 32 can form a substantially continuous tip shroud element, e.g., a substantially continuous, annular body configured to direct a flow around rotor 12 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • shroud portion 32 of each blade 20 can include, e.g., an interlocking profile 34 ( FIG. 2 only) for circumferential engagement with shroud portions 32 of adjacent blades 20.
  • interlocking profile 34 may include a Z-shape, a V-shape, a zig-zag path with multiple transition points, a curvilinear surface, a complex geometry including straight-faced and curved surfaces, etc.
  • interlocking profile 34 can inhibit axial sliding of each blade 20 relative to rotor wheel 12 after each blade 20 has been installed.
  • blades 20 may be positioned directly between a turbine region 36 of turbomachine 10 and an adjacent flow path 38, e.g., a diffusor section of turbomachine 10.
  • each blade may be designed for installation or removal substantially along the direction of axial path N.
  • Interlocking profile 34 can be advantageous during operation of turbomachine 10, e.g., by maintaining the relative position of each blade 20 relative to each other and to rotor wheel 18. However, interlocking profile 34 may reduce the ability for one or more blades 20 to be installed or removed from a location directly between two other blades 20 during manufacture or servicing.
  • the present invention can mitigate these properties of interlocking profile 34, e.g., by imparting an axially-oriented force to install and remove blades 20 while subjecting the installed or removed blade 20 to axial forces and circumferential forces.
  • the installed or removed blade 20 can further be subjected to mechanical vibrations.
  • Such vibrations e.g., can impart oscillating motion of blade 20 and allow axial movement of blade 20 despite the presence of interlocking profile 34.
  • Various embodiments for imparting axial force, circumferential force, and/or mechanical vibration against blade(s) 20 are discussed herein.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure can include an apparatus mounted, e.g., on part of a diffusor barrel 40 (e.g., a panel or strut thereof) of turbomachine 10, a casing 50 of turbomachine 10, and/or other turbomachine components capable of having various structural features discussed herein mounted thereon.
  • a diffusor barrel 40 e.g., a panel or strut thereof
  • turbomachine 10 e.g., a panel or strut thereof
  • a servicing apparatus 100 (simply “apparatus” hereafter) for installing and removing turbine blades 20 at turbine blade base 30 is shown according to embodiments of the presently claimed invention is shown.
  • Turbine blade base 30 may include a root of turbine blade 20 or may include any portion of turbine blade 20 positioned proximal to rotor wheel 18.
  • a cut-away view of apparatus 100 is shown in FIG. 5 to better illustrate internal components thereof.
  • Blade(s) 20 depicted in the following FIGS. may include last-stage (e.g., L0 ( FIG. 1 )) blades in turbomachine 10, which may include the same or similar features shown in FIGS. 2-3 and described elsewhere herein.
  • Last-stage blades 20 may differ from other blades 20 in turbomachine 10, e.g., by being positioned where conventional vibrating assemblies and/or actuating devices for installing and removing blades 20 cannot be used, or are impractical.
  • Embodiments of apparatus 100, and other method or apparatus embodiments described herein, can be used to install or remove blade(s) 20 while being mechanically coupled to one or more portions of turbomachine 10.
  • apparatus 100 can be sized for direct mounting on components of turbomachine 10 without these components being removed.
  • Turbomachine 100 may include internal components for imparting mechanical vibrations and axial force against blade(s) 20, e.g., at turbine blade base 30.
  • Apparatus 100 may include a vibrating assembly 102 which can further include a vibratory drive mechanism 103.
  • apparatus 100 can include an operative head 104 shaped to impart axial and circumferential forces against turbine blade base 30.
  • Operative head 104 can thus be shaped and/or positioned to engage an axial sidewall 106 of turbine blade base 30 while applying mechanical force thereto in multiple directions.
  • vibratory drive mechanism 103 can include a pneumatic motor configured to generate mechanical vibrations and/or other forms of movement using compressed air fed to vibrating assembly 102, e.g., through a fluid source.
  • Vibratory drive mechanism 103 can alternatively include, or be embodied as, an electric motor, combustion engine, and/or other currently-known or later developed instruments for producing mechanical work.
  • Operative head 104 can be provided in the form of any currently-known or later-developed instrument for imparting vibrational oscillation against components mechanically engaged thereto.
  • Operative head 104 can be embodied as, e.g., one or more vibrating hammers, plates, cylinders, rollers, etc.
  • operative head 104 is shown to be in the form of a substantially circular or oblong roller configured to rotate about an eccentric axis relative to turbomachine 10.
  • Apparatus 100 can also include a mount 110 coupled to a portion of turbomachine 10 (e.g., diffusor barrel 40), e.g., by a coupler 112, to position apparatus 100 at a desired location.
  • Mount 110 can serve as a reference component or surface for adjusting and using vibrating assembly 102 and/or other components of apparatus 100 described herein.
  • Vibrating assembly 102 can be adjustably coupled to and/or positioned directly on mount 110 through one or more axial guides 114 which may be embodied, e.g., as rails for slidable adjustment, or other currently-known or later-developed form of bearing including a raceway, threaded housing, gear bearing, rack-and-pinion, etc.
  • axial guides 114 may be provided as a pair of rails positioned on mount 110 and spaced circumferentially relative to each other. In this case, a circumferential separation distance W ( FIG. 4 only) between each axial guide rail 114 may be substantially equal to the circumferential length of one blade 20.
  • Slidably coupling vibrating assembly 102 to mount 110 e.g., through axial guide(s) 114) can allow vibrating assembly 102 to be selectively aligned with one or more blades 20 for engagement or disengagement with axial sidewall 106 of turbine blade base 30.
  • vibrating assembly 102 can move relative to mount 110 along the direction of arrow T through an actuator 116 as described elsewhere herein.
  • Mount 110 can also include one or more features configured to mechanically couple apparatus 100 to portions of turbomachine 10, e.g., diffusor barrel 40.
  • couplers 112 can physically couple apparatus 100 to portions of turbomachine 10 positioned in close proximity to blade(s) 20.
  • Each coupler 112 may be embodied, e.g., in the form of a lift hook, claw, protrusion, and/or other mechanical instrument for engaging one or more portions of a turbomachine component such as diffusor barrel 40.
  • couplers 112 may extend radially, and may couple mount 110 to an axial sidewall E of diffuser barrel 40.
  • Couplers 112 may alternatively include, e.g., sets of bolts or screws extending through mount 110 and coupler 112, and any currently-known or later developed fixed or adjustable mechanical coupling is contemplated. Each coupler 112 can extend substantially radially inward from mount 110 at axial sidewall E of diffuser barrel 40. In alternative embodiments, coupler(s) 112 may include platforms, rails, etc., configured for placement on the surface of diffusor barrel 40 such that mount 110 is positioned radially distal to the exterior of diffusor barrel 40.
  • Apparatus 100 may be configured to permit axial movement of vibrating assembly 102 relative to mount 110 such that blade(s) 20 can be selectively and temporarily engaged with operative head 20.
  • apparatus 100 and portions thereof e.g., operative head 1014 can be configured for axial movement by including actuator 116 (e.g., a linear actuator and/or other device for instantiating movement of component(s) in at least one direction) coupled to vibrating assembly 102.
  • Actuator 116 may be embodied as a purely mechanical device and/or may be powered at least partially by vibratory drive mechanism 103 and/or other, independent drive mechanisms (not shown) configured to activate actuator 116 in a forward or reverse axial direction.
  • a slidable coupling 118 can mechanically connect actuator 116 and/or vibrating assembly 102 to axial guide(s) 114 mount 110.
  • Slidable coupling 118 can be in the form of, e.g., a trolley, gear, wheel, and/or other mechanical device for enabling movement of vibrating assembly 102 relative to axial guide 114 in the direction of arrow T, while inhibiting movement in other (e.g., radial and/or circumferential) directions.
  • apparatus 100 can be implemented in methods for installing and removing turbine blades 20.
  • methods according to the disclosure can initially include fastening mount 110 to a portion of turbomachine 10, e.g., diffusor barrel 40, with couplers 112.
  • operative head 104 of apparatus 100 may be substantially axially aligned with turbine blade base 30 of turbine blade 20.
  • An operator may move operative head 104 axially forward or backwards substantially along the direction of reference arrow S, e.g., with actuator 116.
  • Axially moving operative head 104 while it operates can cause operative head 104 to selectively engage and disengage axial sidewall 106 of turbine blade base 30.
  • vibratory drive mechanism 103 of vibrating assembly 102 can cause operative head 104 to exert mechanical vibrations as operative head 104 contacts blade 20.
  • blade 20 may be installed or removed axially regardless of shroud portion 32 ( FIGS. 2-3 ) and/or interlocking profile 34 ( FIG. 3 ).
  • Applying both force and mechanical vibration to blade 20 through operative head 104 can overcome mechanical resistance stemming from non-linear contact between circumferentially adjacent blades 20.
  • applying vibrations through vibrating assembly 102 and/or moving operative head 104 with actuator 116 can transfer blade(s) 20 into or out of rotor wheel 18.
  • These operational features of apparatus 100 can allow an operator to transfer blade(s) 20 which include shroud portion(s) 32 ( FIGS. 2-3 ) which include interlocking profile 34 ( FIG. 3 ) with adjacent blades 20.
  • methods of using apparatus 100 can enable blades 20 to be installed or removed without disassembling diffusor barrel 40 or other components of turbomachine 10.
  • Apparatus 100 can optionally include features to enhance sliding movement of vibrating assembly 102 and engagement between operative head 104 and turbine blade base 30.
  • embodiments of apparatus 100 can allow an operator to apply a vibration and an axial force against turbine blade base 30 in a predetermined direction and along a predetermined plane.
  • an outer axial surface of diffusor barrel 40 may define or be coincident with a single axial plane P.
  • Mount 110 may have an elongate profile shaped to complement the exterior of diffuser barrel 40, and extend along axial plane P.
  • Vibrating assembly 102 may be shaped such that a portion of operative head 104 extends radially inward relative to other components of vibrating assembly 102.
  • operative head 104 is provided in the form of a roller configured to rotate about eccentric axis V
  • operative head 104 can be shaped to rotate within axial plane P directly adjacent to diffusor barrel 40.
  • Positioning mount 110 and operative head 104 along plane P of diffusor barrel 40 can reduce the risk of misalignment between apparatus 100 and blade 20, allow apparatus 100 to be more compact, and/or may offer additional advantages not specifically discussed.
  • vibrating assembly 102 may also include features for reducing the risk of mechanical wear on blades 20 from prolonged contact between operative head 104 and blade(s) 20, and/or easily moving operative head 104 into contact with successive blades 20.
  • FIG. 7 also provides an example of blade(s) 20 being installed, rather than removed.
  • Vibrating assembly 102 includes a spring 120 positioned axially between operative head 104 and at least a portion of vibratory drive mechanism 103.
  • Spring 120 may be composed at least partially of a metal (e.g., chromium, molybdenum, etc.) and may compress in response to axial movement of actuator 116 in one direction (e.g., arrow T).
  • spring 120 may compress as actuator 116 pushes against vibrating assembly 102 to engage operative head 104 against axial sidewall 106 of blade 20.
  • an equilibrium position of spring 120 can axially displace operative head 104 from blade 20.
  • an operator may cease to apply axial force against vibrating assembly 102 and allow spring 120 to expand and axially retract operative head 104 from blade 20.
  • Spring 120 can allow a user to immediately cease vibration and/or movement of blade 20 without applying a reverse axial force.
  • apparatus 100 is shown according to further embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Apparatus 100 and/or components thereof may be adapted to service blades 20 in other stages of turbomachine 10.
  • blades 20 may be mounted on rotor wheel 18 along a surface U positioned radially inward relative to diffusor barrel 40.
  • apparatus 100 can include a frame 121 shaped to axially engage axial sidewall E of diffusor barrel 40 in addition to surface U of rotor wheel 18.
  • frame 121 can include axially and radially extending sections to engage diffusor barrel 40 and rotor wheel 18.
  • apparatus 100 can include a coupler 123 for mechanically attaching apparatus 100 to turbomachine 10 in a predetermined position.
  • Coupler 123 may include, e.g., a bolt, a screw, a pin, and/or other components for mechanically engaging one component to another in a predetermined position.
  • operative head 104 may be slidably coupled to vibrating assembly 102 and/or other compoennts of apparatus 100 to permit radial movement along the direction of reference arrow D.
  • apparatus 100 may include additional features for fastening or otherwise mechanically coupling mount 110 to diffusor barrel 40.
  • One or more lift members 122 may be positioned, e.g., at an axial end of mount 110, to engage a lash 124 ( FIG. 9 only).
  • Lift members 122 may be embodied, e.g., as eyelets, hooks, loops, and/or any other mechanical structure shaped to engage lash 124.
  • Lashes 124 may be in the form of a cord, rope, and/or other instrument for tying one component to another.
  • Lift members 122 may be embodied as loops extending outward from mount 110, and shaped to accommodate the cross-section of one or more lashes 124 for mechanically coupling apparatus 100 to portions diffusor barrel 40 and/or other components.
  • Lift members 122 can be positioned on any desired portion of mount 110.
  • lift members 122 can be at an end opposing axial end E of diffuser barrel 40.
  • each lash 124 can be mechanically coupled (e.g., tied, fastened, etc.) to a strut 126 of diffusor barrel 40 positioned upstream from blades 20.
  • Tension in lashes 124 extending through lift members 122 of mount 110 can mechanically couple mount 110 to diffusor barrel 40.
  • lift members 122 and lashes 124 may be used and/or adapted to couple mount 110 and/or other portions of apparatus 100 to components other than diffusor barrel 40. Lift members 122 and lashes 124 can be used instead of or in addition to couplers 112 of mount 110.
  • Vibratory drive mechanism 103 may, according to one example, include a pneumatic vibrator coupled to one or more fluid sources 130 through a fluid coupling 132, e.g., a flexible or rigid tube.
  • Fluid source 130 may include a supply of compressed air and/or other gases operable to drive operative head 104 of vibrating assembly 102.
  • the flow of compressed air from fluid source 130 to drive mechanism 103 through fluid coupling 132 can be turned on or off by the use of a valve 134 within fluid coupling 132.
  • fluid source 130 and/or fluid coupling 132 can further include and/or be substituted for similar components such as batteries, cylinders, wired and/or wireless connections, etc.
  • Fluid source 130 may be coupled to one or more components of turbomachine 10 external to apparatus 100. Similar to lashes 124 ( FIG. 9 ), fluid source(s) 130 may be removably coupled to strut(s) 126 of diffusor barrel 40, e.g., through adjustable length fasteners 136. Adjustable length fasteners 136 may include straps, cords, braces, etc., with adjustable lengths configured for attachment to struts 126 of varying size. When an operator moves apparatus 100 to another position on turbomachine 10, e.g., to install or remove other blades 20, fluid source(s) 130 can be adapted to accommodate changes in position.
  • fluid source(s) 130 and adjustable length fasteners 136 may be detached from respective strut(s) 126 and moved to other strut(s) positioned closer to the location of apparatus 100.
  • Methods according to the present disclosure can thereby include fluidly coupling fluid source(s) 130 to vibrating assembly 102 before mechanically vibrating turbine blade base 30 with operative head 104.
  • a servicing apparatus 200 (simply “apparatus” hereafter) for installing and removing blades 20 ( FIGS. 1-10 ) according to further embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.
  • Apparatus 200 can perform substantially the same operations as the various embodiments of apparatus 100 ( FIGS. 4-10 ), and may include several optional distinctions and/or alternative features where discussed herein or otherwise applicable. It is also understood that the various features described relative to apparatus 100 may also be included in embodiments of apparatus 200, and vice versa.
  • Apparatus 200 may include a vibrating assembly 202 with a corresponding vibratory drive mechanism 203.
  • Vibratory drive mechanism 203 can include any of the example mechanical, pneumatic, electrical, combustion and/or hybrid drive mechanisms presented elsewhere herein as examples relative to vibratory drive mechanism 103 ( FIGS. 4-7 ,, 10 ). However embodied, vibratory drive mechanism 203 can impart mechanical vibrations against structures or components in contact with an operative head 204 of vibrating assembly 202. Operative head 204 can include any currently known or later-developed instrument for imparting an axial and circumferential force, e.g., a roller or other tool for providing axial and circumferential contact regions. In further embodiments, operative head 204 can mechanical vibration when driven by embodiments of vibratory drive mechanism 203, e.g., vibrating hammers, plates, cylinders, rollers, etc.
  • Embodiments of apparatus 200 may be particularly effective for situations where conventional tools for installing and removing blades 20 ( FIGS. 1-10 ) are difficult to use near axially-mounted components of turbomachine 10 ( FIGS. 1 , 4-10 ).
  • Vibrating assembly 202 when included with apparatus 200, can be housed within or otherwise mechanically coupled to an arm 208 oriented substantially radially relative to a machine being serviced (e.g., turbomachine 10).
  • Arm 208 can include a single member, multiple member and can include one more materials including without limitation: metals, plastics, ceramics, and/or other materials adapted for use in the field of turbomachine installation or servicing. The orientation of arm 208 relative to components of turbomachine 10 is discussed elsewhere herein relative to other figures.
  • Arm 208 can include a first end P slidably coupled to a mount 210 for apparatus 200, while a second end Q of arm 208 can be positioned proximal to vibrating assembly 202 or components thereof (e.g., operative head 204).
  • Mount 210 can include features for moving operative head 204 into and out of contact with blade(s) 20 ( FIGS. 1-10 ), and for mechanically coupling apparatus 200 to portions of turbomachine 10 ( FIGS. 1 , 4-10 ).
  • mount 210 of apparatus 200 can be shaped for placement on portions of turbomachine 10 ( FIGS. 1 , 4-10 ) and to permit limited movement of vibrating assembly 202 during operation.
  • Mount 210 can include a group of couplers 212a, 212b in the form of, e.g., retaining couplers 212a and/or mount couplers 212b which may extend radially outward from mount 210 to static portions of turbomachine 10.
  • Retaining couplers 212a may extend outward from a surface of mount 210 to engage one or more portions of a turbomachine component such as casing 50 ( FIG. 3 ). Engagement between mount 210 and casing 50 through retaining couplers 212a is shown in other FIGS. and described elsewhere herein.
  • mount 210 can include mount couplers 212b which extend through the body of mount 210 to contact or otherwise engage portions of casing 50, as also described elsewhere herein.
  • Mount 210 may include one or more axial guides 214 to enable movement of vibrating assembly 202, operative head 204 and/or arm 208 relative to mount 210 in at least one direction, e.g., along line T.
  • Axial guides 214 may be embodied as slidable couplings such as rails, raceways, slots, etc., and/or may include alternative forms of permitting movement in one direction such as gear bearings, rack-and-pinion assemblies, threaded housings, and/or other mechanical bearings.
  • apparatus 200 can include an actuator 216 mechanically coupled to arm 208 (e.g., proximal to first end P), such that movement of actuator 216 causes arm 208 to move relative to axial guides 214.
  • arm 208 may include a coupling member 218 which may be coupled to axial guides 214 directly or indirectly.
  • axial guides 214 are embodied as a rail or other slidable bearing
  • a pair of slidable couplings 219 may each be slidably connected to and/or mounted on respective axial guides 214.
  • Slidable couplings 219 may take the form of trolleys, wheels, gears, and/or other sliding components or bearings designed to enable movement of one component relative to another, e.g., along the direction of arrow T.
  • slidable couplings 219 may be substituted for, e.g., wheels, gears, threaded members, etc., for providing movement substantially in the direction of axial axis A.
  • Coupling member 218 may be provided as a unitary housing shaped to engage an outer surface profile of arm 208, or alternatively may be coupled to one surface of arm 208. In this case, another coupling member 218 can be coupled to another surface of arm 208, with plate couplers 220 (e.g., bolts, screws, rivets, etc.) joining the two coupling members 218 together.
  • An operator may further control the position of arm 208 relative to mount 210 with additional components included within and/or operably connected to actuator 216.
  • an actuator drive mechanism 222 in the form of, e.g., a mechanical motor, electrical motor, etc., can produce and transmit mechanical work to actuator 216 to move arm 208 across axial guide(s) 214.
  • Drive mechanism 222 can be coupled to actuator 216, e.g., through an end block 224 shaped to receive a portion of actuator 216 therein.
  • End blocks 224 can be positioned at opposing ends of mount 210 to define linear ends of actuator 216 and/or define a direction in which actuator 216 operates.
  • Each end block 224 can be mounted on a portion of mount 210, e.g., by being mechanically affixed thereto through conventional fasteners such as bolts, screws, rivets, etc.
  • apparatus 200 can include a pneumatic actuator 230 coupled to a surface of mount 210.
  • Pneumatic actuator 230 can be embodied, e.g., as any currently-known or later-developed device for generating mechanical work by the use of pressurized fluids, e.g., compressed air.
  • pneumatic actuator 230 may include a reservoir of pressurized gases therein to be routed to vibratory drive mechanism 203.
  • pneumatic actuator 230 may be fluidly coupled to a supply of pressurized fluids external to apparatus 200.
  • a fluid coupling 232 can be positioned on or housed within mount 210 and arm 208, thereby providing a fluid connection between vibratory drive mechanism 203 and pneumatic actuator 230.
  • the flow of fluids from pneumatic actuator 230 to vibratory drive mechanism 203 may be adjustable by way of valves, adjustable power sources, and/or other mechanical components capable of adjusting the flow of compressed fluids to selectively enable or disable the operation of vibratory drive mechanism 203.
  • pneumatic actuator 230 and fluid coupling 232 can be substituted for an electrical motor or other power source connected to vibratory drive system 203 through a wire. It is also understood that pneumatic actuator 230 may alternatively be mounted on and/or connected to arm 208 rather than being positioned on mount 210.
  • apparatus 200 is shown mounted on casing 50 to demonstrate methods of installing or removing blades 20 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • apparatus 200 can include mount 210 removably coupled to turbomachine casing 50 at an axially-extending surface 240 thereof, e.g., through coupler(s) 212a, 212b.
  • mount couplers 212b can couple mount 210 to a connecting aperture 242 of casing 50, e.g., a hole shaped to receive a joint, fastener, pin, and/or other component therein.
  • Connecting apertures 242 with couplers 212a, 212b therein are coupled are obscured from view in the accompanying FIGS.
  • Apparatus 200 can include arm 208 slidably coupled to mount 210 through axial guide(s) 214 at first end P, with second end Q of arm 208 being radially separated from mount 210. Arm 208 can extend substantially radially relative to an axial centerline axis M ( FIG. 13 only) of turbomachine 10.
  • actuator 216 can adjust a position of arm 208 along axial guide 214, such that vibrating assembly 202 can move operative head 204 into and out of contact with blades 20 to be installed or removed.
  • arm 208 can be moved to position operative head 204 proximal to axial sidewall 106 ( FIG. 12 only) of turbine blade base 30 for installation or removal of blades 20.
  • vibratory drive mechanism 203 can impart energy to operative head 204 to generate mechanical vibrations against blades 20 during operation.
  • operative head 204 of vibrating assembly 202 can be embodied as a roller configured to rotate about an eccentric axis V (e.g., a substantially radial axis) relative to centerline axis M of turbomachine 10.
  • V eccentric axis
  • Vibrating assembly 202 of apparatus 200 is operable to impart mechanical vibrations through operative head 204 as described elsewhere herein.
  • arm 208 can move axially to install or remove blades 20 (e.g., last-stage blades) having shroud portions 32 with interlocking profiles 34 ( FIG. 2 ) relative to adjacent blades 20.
  • blades 20 e.g., last-stage blades
  • FIG. 12 the position of arm 208 may be adjusted as operative head 204 vibrates and as mount 210 remains stationary relative to casing 50.
  • couplers 212a, 212b may couple mount 210 to casing 50 in a fixed position such that vibrating assembly 202 and arm 208 may be actuated relative to the fixed position of mount 210. More specifically, retaining couplers 212a and mount couplers 212b may couple mount 210 to casing 50 at axially-extending surface 240 thereof, such that rotor wheel 18 and/or blades 20 may be rotated about centerline axis M.
  • methods of the present disclosure can include fastening mount 210 to casing 50 by inserting retaining coupler(s) 212a and/or mount coupler(s) 212b through mount 210 and horizontal joint hole(s) 242 of casing 50.
  • mount 210 may remain coupled to circumferential surface 242 of casing 50 while rotor wheel 18 ( FIGS. 2-3 , 5-6 ) is rotated to rotate blades 20, such that an operator may select individual blades 20 for installation or removal without changing the position of apparatus 200.
  • operative head 204 may be substantially axially aligned with turbine blade base 30 of the selected blade 20.
  • blade 20 may not be positioned circumferentially between adjacent blades 20, and may be axially distal to rotor wheel 18 ( FIGS. 2-3 , 5-6 ).
  • operative head 204 can contact blade 20 while imparting axial and circumferential force against blade 20. These actions can move blade 20 axially toward rotor wheel 18 such that blade 20 is installed between two other blades 20.
  • operative head 204 can contact and axially move blade 20 out of position between two adjacent blades 20, and out of rotor wheel 18.
  • vibratory drive mechanism 203 can impart vibrations through operative head 204 while an operator of apparatus 200 axially moves arm 208 to engage operative head 204 with axial sidewall 106 of blade base 30.
  • blade 20 may be moved into or out a corresponding slot in rotor wheel 18.
  • Axial force may be applied by operative head 204 against blade 20 by movement of arm 208 through actuator 216.
  • the present disclosure can include sliding vibrating assembly 202 relative to mount 210 to engage operative head 242 with blade base 30 before mechanically vibrating blade base 30.
  • Methods of installing and removing blade 20 may be particularly effective for installing or removing blades 20 which include shroud portion 32 configured to form an interlocking profile 34 ( FIG. 2 ) with circumferentially adjacent blades 20.
  • the use of arm 208 in apparatus 200 can allow a user to substantially align operative head 204 of vibrating assembly 202 with a rotor portion 244 of turbomachine 10 positioned between last-stage blades 20 and an upstream rotor wheel 246.
  • apparatus 200 may alternatively be used to install or remove blades 20 other than last-stage blades, e.g., at a location positioned axially between successive rotor wheels 246, 248. Apparatus 200 can thus be used at any position of turbomachine 10 where conventional installation or removal tools have difficulty accessing blades 20.
  • Embodiments of the presently claimed invention can provide several technical and commercial settings, some of which are discussed herein by way of example.
  • Embodiments of the fixtures and methods discussed herein can provide substantially uniform manufacturing and/or servicing of turbine blades, such as those used in turbomachines.
  • Embodiments of the presently claimed invention can also be employed for processes and/or events requiring at least partial disassembly of a turbomachine assembly and/or stage, such as during the inspection of particular components (e.g., last-stage blades of a gas turbine).
  • the various embodiments discussed herein can be operable to install or remove blades in relatively inaccessible locations, without necessitating partial or total deconstruction of adjoining components. It is also understood that embodiments of the presently claimed invention can provide advantages and features in other operational and/or servicing contexts not addressed specifically herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Appareil (100, 200) destiné à l'installation ou au retrait d'une aube de turbine (20), l'appareil comprenant :
    une tête opérationnelle (104, 204) conçue pour venir en prise avec une paroi latérale axiale (106) d'une emplanture d'aube de turbine (30) ; et
    un support (110, 210) accouplé de manière amovible à une partie d'un ensemble turbomachine (10) par un coupleur (112, 123), dans lequel la tête opérationnelle est accouplée de manière coulissante au support de telle sorte que la tête opérationnelle vient en prise sélectivement avec la paroi latérale axiale de l'emplanture d'aube de turbine, et dans lequel la tête opérationnelle est formée pour conférer une force axiale et circonférentielle contre l'emplanture d'aube de turbine (30),
    un ensemble vibrant (102, 202) comportant un mécanisme d'entraînement vibratoire (103, 203) accouplé à la tête opérationnelle, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil comprend en outre
    un ressort (120) accouplé axialement à la tête opérationnelle (104, 204), dans lequel le ressort, dans une position d'équilibre, sépare axialement la tête opérationnelle de l'emplanture d'aube de turbine (30).
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la tête opérationnelle (104, 204) comprend un rouleau conçu pour tourner autour d'un axe excentrique par rapport à l'ensemble turbomachine (10).
  3. Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la tête opérationnelle (104, 204) est en outre formée pour déplacer axialement une aube de turbine (20) ayant un profil d'enveloppe d'emboîtement.
  4. Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le coupleur (112, 123) comprend au moins un crochet conçu pour venir en prise avec une paroi latérale axiale (106) de l'ensemble turbomachine (10).
  5. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un actionneur (116, 216) conçu pour mettre la tête opérationnelle en prise avec la paroi latérale axiale (106) de l'emplanture d'aube de turbine (30) et l'en séparer.
  6. Appareil selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le mécanisme d'entraînement vibratoire (103, 203) est accouplé à une source de fluide (130) par le biais d'un coupleur hydraulique (132), dans lequel la source de fluide est attachée de manière amovible à l'ensemble turbomachine (10).
  7. Appareil selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le mécanisme d'entraînement vibratoire (103, 203) est conçu pour conférer une force vibratoire par le biais de la tête opérationnelle (104, 204) de telle sorte que la force vibratoire déplace axialement l'aube de turbine (20) en contact ou sans contact avec un profil d'enveloppe d'emboîtement (34) d'une aube de turbine (20) adjacente.
  8. Appareil selon la revendication 7, dans lequel une surface radiale intérieure du support définit un plan axial, et dans lequel la tête opérationnelle (104, 204) comprend un rouleau conçu pour tourner autour d'un axe sensiblement radial par rapport à l'ensemble turbomachine (10), et dans le plan axial de la surface inférieure du support (110, 210).
  9. Appareil selon la revendication 1 ou 5, comprenant en outre :
    au moins un élément de levage (122) accouplé au support (110, 210) ; et
    un jeu (124) s'étendant à travers l'au moins un élément de levage et accouplé à l'ensemble turbomachine (10), de telle sorte que l'au moins un élément de levage accouple mécaniquement le support à l'ensemble turbomachine par le biais du jeu.
  10. Appareil selon la revendication 5, comprenant en outre une paire de rails de guidage espacés de manière circonférentielle (114) positionnés sur le support (110, 210) et accouplés à l'actionneur (116, 216), dans lequel une distance de séparation circonférentielle entre les rails de guidage espacés de manière circonférentielle est sensiblement égale à une longueur circonférentielle de l'emplanture d'aube de turbine (30).
  11. Procédé destiné à l'installation ou au retrait d'une aube de turbine (20), le procédé comprenant :
    la fixation d'un support (110, 210) d'un appareil d'entretien (100, 200) selon la revendication 1 à une partie d'un ensemble turbomachine (10), de telle sorte qu'une tête opérationnelle (104, 204) de l'appareil d'entretien est alignée sensiblement axialement sur une emplanture d'aube de turbine (30) d'une aube de turbine, et se met en prise avec une paroi latérale axiale (106) de l'emplanture d'aube de turbine, et dans lequel la tête opérationnelle de l'appareil d'entretien est façonnée pour conférer une force axiale et circonférentielle contre l'emplanture d'aube de turbine ; et
    l'actionnement mécanique de l'emplanture d'aube de turbine par rapport à la turbomachine en appliquant la force axiale et la force circonférentielle contre l'emplanture d'aube de turbine par le biais de la tête opérationnelle, de telle sorte que l'aube de turbine est transférée dans ou hors d'une roue de rotor (18),
    caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend en outre : l'accouplement d'un ensemble vibrant (102, 202) à la tête opérationnelle de l'appareil d'entretien ; et
    la vibration mécanique de l'emplanture d'aube de turbine simultanément à l'application de la force axiale et de la force circonférentielle.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l'aube de turbine (20) comporte une partie d'enveloppe ayant un profil d'enveloppe d'emboîtement (32) pour une mise en prise circonférentielle avec des aubes de turbine adjacentes (20), et dans lequel l'application de la force axiale et de la force circonférentielle contre l'emplanture d'aube de turbine transfère l'aube de turbine dans la roue de rotor (18) entre deux aubes de turbine adjacentes de manière circonférentielle.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l'aube de turbine (20) comporte une partie d'enveloppe ayant un profil d'enveloppe d'emboîtement (32) pour une mise en prise circonférentielle avec des aubes de turbine adjacentes, et dans lequel l'application de la force axiale et de la force circonférentielle contre l'emplanture d'aube de turbine transfère l'aube de turbine hors de la roue de rotor (18) et de sa position entre deux aubes de turbine adjacentes de manière circonférentielle.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 11, comprenant en outre le coulissement de la tête opérationnelle (104, 204) par rapport au support (110, 210) pour mettre en prise la tête opérationnelle de l'appareil d'entretien (100, 200) avec l'emplanture d'aube de turbine (30), avant d'actionner mécaniquement l'emplanture d'aube de turbine.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l'ensemble turbomachine (10) comprend l'un parmi un panneau de cylindre de diffuseur (40) ou un support de cylindre de diffuseur (40) d'une turbomachine.
EP16461573.4A 2016-11-23 2016-11-23 Installation ou dépose d'aube de turbine à l'embase de l'aube de turbine Active EP3327250B1 (fr)

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US15/806,479 US10724385B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2017-11-08 Installation or removal of turbine blade at turbine blade base

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