EP3322532A1 - CATALYSEUR Ta-Nb POUR LA PRODUCTION DE 1,3-BUTADIÈNE - Google Patents
CATALYSEUR Ta-Nb POUR LA PRODUCTION DE 1,3-BUTADIÈNEInfo
- Publication number
- EP3322532A1 EP3322532A1 EP16736077.5A EP16736077A EP3322532A1 EP 3322532 A1 EP3322532 A1 EP 3322532A1 EP 16736077 A EP16736077 A EP 16736077A EP 3322532 A1 EP3322532 A1 EP 3322532A1
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- mass
- hours
- tantalum
- niobium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/617—500-1000 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/618—Surface area more than 1000 m2/g
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/638—Pore volume more than 1.0 ml/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0203—Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/036—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form a gel or a cogel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/08—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/06—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- C07C2523/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
Definitions
- Butadiene is widely used in the chemical industry especially as a reagent for the production of polymers.
- butadiene is almost entirely produced from steam cracking units of which it is a valuable by-product.
- the fluctuation in the price of oil and the ever greater demand for this chemical intermediary have made its price very volatile, which encourages a diversification of the means of supply.
- 1,3-butadiene can be produced from ethanol.
- Two processes have been industrialized on a large scale: the "S. K. Process” and the "Carbide Process”.
- 1,3-butadiene is produced from ethanol in one step, whereas in the "Carbide Process", 1,3-butadiene is produced in two steps: ethanol is first converted to acetaldehyde, then an ethanol-acetaldehyde mixture is converted to 1,3-butadiene.
- ethanol is first converted to acetaldehyde
- an ethanol-acetaldehyde mixture is converted to 1,3-butadiene.
- the main distinction between the catalysts involved in these processes is that one (SK Process) is capable of dehydrogenating ethanol to acetaldehyde while producing butadiene from the mixture so formed while the other is hence the need for a first dehydrogenation step on a specific catalyst.
- the most effective catalyst components for this butadiene production method are magnesium, tantalum, zirconium, hafnium, with butadiene selectivities of 50 to 69%, with niobium (or columbium) considered an unattractive element with selectivities of less than 40% (BB Corson, HE Jones, CE Welling, JA Hinckley, EE Stahly, Ind. Eng Chem, 1950, 42 (2), p 359-373).
- 2,421,661 (WJ Toussaint, JT Dunn, Carbide and Carbon Chemical Corporation, 1947) describes, for its part, a process for the preparation of butadiene which comprises the conversion of an acyclic mono-olefinic aldehyde (crotonaldehyde or acetaldehyde) and of a monohydroxy alcohol (ethanol) on a zirconium oxide group catalyst, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide and one of the combinations of these oxides with silica.
- the tantalum oxide used alone remains the best catalyst for converting the ethanol / acetaldehyde specific mixture.
- WO 2014/049158 uses a mixed oxide Mg-Si doped with elements such as Ti, V, Mo, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn or Cr,
- WO 2013/125389 claims the use of a metal-doped Mg-Si mixed oxide belonging to columns 4 to 13,
- WO 2012/015340 uses the combination of an element in the metallic state of column 11 and a metal oxide selected from magnesium, titanium, zirconium, tantalum and niobium.
- the invention relates to a catalyst comprising a mesoporous oxide matrix, said matrix comprising at least one oxide of an element X selected from silicon and titanium, taken alone or as a mixture, said catalyst comprising tantalum and niobium, the mass of tantalum representing from 0.1 to 30% of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix, the niobium mass representing from 0.02 to 6% of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix, the mass content of tantalum element in said catalyst being greater than or equal to the mass content of niobium element in said catalyst.
- One aspect of the invention is to enhance the use of niobium as a cocatalyst of tantalum in the ethanol-acetaldehyde conversion reaction to 1,3-butadiene to maximize selectivity. and the productivity of 1,3-butadiene via a synergistic process involving these two elements.
- the Applicant has discovered that a subtle combination of these two elements makes it possible to accelerate the formation of butadiene, by taking advantage of the affinity of tantalum for reactions II and III and that of niobium for reactions III and IV.
- the niobium element proves to be a particularly interesting candidate for partially substituting tantalum and thus reduce the production costs of the catalyst. So for a production of butadiene given, the amount of tantalum used is reduced.
- the invention therefore makes it possible to improve the costs with a catalyst having at least the same performance under operating conditions but with a lower content of tantalum than a catalyst based on tantalum alone. Presentation of the invention
- the present invention relates to the synergistic combination of tantalum and niobium elements on the same catalyst in a process for the production of butadiene from ethanol, which process can be carried out in several reaction steps (one step or two steps).
- This synergy results in both a rise in productivity and an increase in selectivity compared to the performance of tantalum catalysts (excluding niobium) and niobium catalysts (tantalum excluded) in the form of extrudates tested separately. or by mechanical mixing.
- This invention therefore makes it possible to significantly improve the butadiene production process by limiting the losses of raw materials in the form of unwanted by-products and by limiting the impact of the cost of the catalyst on the latter.
- the invention thus relates to a catalyst, and its use for the production of 1,3-butadiene from a filler comprising at least ethanol, comprising at least the tantalum and niobium elements and at least one mesoporous oxide matrix.
- the catalyst according to the invention comprises tantalum, the tantalum mass representing between 0.1 and 30%, preferably between 0.3 and 10%, preferably between 0.5 and 5% and very preferably between 0 and 1%. , 5 and 2% of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix.
- catalyst comprising an element A the mass of the element A being comprised, or representing between, x and y% of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix, is understood to mean that said catalyst comprises between x and y parts by weight of said element A per 100 parts by weight of said mesoporous oxide matrix.
- the catalyst according to the invention also comprises niobium, the mass of niobium representing between 0.02 and 6%, preferably between 0.02 and 2%, preferably between 0.05 and 1% and very preferably between 0.05 and 0.5% of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix.
- the tantalum and niobium elements are introduced into the catalyst according to the invention so that the mass content of tantalum element expressed in% weight of metal relative to the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix is greater than or equal to the mass content.
- the weight% of metal in niobium element expressed in% weight of metal relative to the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix, the weight% of metal being calculated as the ratio of the mass of metal to the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix.
- the catalyst according to the invention advantageously also comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of the elements of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the periodic table and their mixtures, preferably of at least one element selected from the group consisting of by the elements of groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table and their mixtures and, even more preferably, of at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Cs element of group 1 and the elements Ca and Ba of group 2 of periodic table and mixtures thereof, the mass of said element representing between 0.01 and 5%, preferably between 0.01 and 1%, preferably between 0.01 and 0.5% of the mass of the mesoporous oxide matrix.
- the catalyst according to the invention advantageously also comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of the elements of groups 11 and 12 of the periodic table and their mixtures, that is to say from the periodic table of elements, more preferably at least one element selected from the elements of the group 12 of the periodic table and their mixtures and even more preferably the element Zn, the mass of said element representing between 0.5 and 10%, and preferably between 1 and 5% of the mass of said mesoporous oxide matrix based on silica.
- This arrangement is particularly advantageous in the case where the catalyst according to the invention is used in a one-step process, that is to say in a process treating a feed mainly comprising ethanol.
- ethanol By mainly ethanol, it is meant that the mass ratio of ethanol to acetaldehyde in said feedstock, when said feedstock comprises acetaldehyde, is at least greater than 1, preferably at least greater than 5, said feed also possibly not comprising of acetaldehyde.
- the catalyst matrix according to the invention is mesoporous and comprises at least one oxide of an element X chosen from silicon, titanium and their mixtures.
- the element X is silicon.
- Said oxide matrix is mesoporous, that is to say that it is characterized by the presence of pores whose size varies between 2 and 50 nm according to the IUPAC classification (KSW Sing, Everett DH, RA Haul, L Moscow, J. Pierotti, J. Rouquerol, T. Siemieniewska, Pure Appl. Chem., 1985, 57, 603).
- said matrix may be mesostructured (that is to say have mesopores of uniform size and periodically distributed in said matrix) or hierarchically porous (presence of micropores and / or macropores additional to mesopores).
- the mesoporous oxide matrix constituting the catalyst according to the invention is a mesoporous amorphous silica with unorganized porosity without micropores. More particularly, use will be made of silicon oxides (silicas) having a specific surface area of 100 to 1200 m 2 / g, and preferably of at least 400 m 2 / g, a mesoporous volume of between 0.2 and 1.8.
- the catalyst matrix according to the invention does not undergo acid washing.
- silicon oxides silicas
- an alkali metal content expressed in% by weight of metal relative to the mass of the mesoporous matrix of less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.5% by weight, and of very preferred way less than 0, 1% weight.
- the catalyst according to the invention can be prepared according to the methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the tantalum and niobium elements, as well as the optional additional element constituting the catalyst according to the invention can therefore be introduced by any method known to those skilled in the art and at any stage of the preparation of the catalyst according to the invention.
- the catalyst according to the invention is prepared by consecutive introduction of the niobium element and then of the tantalum element.
- the applicant has indeed observed that, surprisingly, the catalyst according to the invention prepared by first introducing the niobium element and then the tantalum element had superior performance to the catalysts prepared by introducing first, or simultaneously, the tantalum element and then the niobium element, in particular in the uses according to the invention.
- the tantalum and niobium elements, as well as the optional additional element constituting the catalyst according to the invention can be introduced by depositing precursors associated with the surface of a preformed mesoporous oxide matrix.
- the latter can be commercial or well synthesized according to the methods known to those skilled in the art, in particular by using so-called "sol-gel” synthesis methods (see the definition below).
- so-called methods of dry impregnation, excess impregnation, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition or Chemical Vapor Deposition), CLD (Chemical Liquid Deposition or chemical deposition in liquid phase), etc. . can be used.
- synthesis methodologies used may be inorganic "traditional" synthesis methods (precipitation / gelling from salts under mild conditions of temperature and pressure) or "modern” metallo-organic (precipitation / gelling from alkoxides under mild conditions of temperature and pressure), the latter being able to be referred to simply as "sol-gel” methods.
- “sol-gel” methods combined with the use of specific synthetic methods such as spray-drying (also called atomization), dip-coating, or other.
- the methods making it possible to ensure the best dispersion of the tantalum and niobium elements, as well as any additional element, are chosen in order to maximize the productivity and the selectivity of the catalyst according to the invention. 'invention.
- the so-called dry impregnation method is preferred. No particular limitation exists as to the number of times that said dry impregnation step is repeated.
- the various steps can be carried out using one or more solvents or solvent mixture in which the precursors of the tantalum and niobium elements, as well as the optional additional element, are soluble.
- solvents may be polar / protic such as water, methanol or ethanol, polar / aprotic such as toluene or xylene or apolar / aprotic such as hexane.
- each of the elements tantalum, niobium and any additional element may be impregnated alone or co-impregnated with at least one of the other elements, the only limitation being the joint presence of elements tantalum and niobium at the end of the process for preparing the catalyst according to the invention.
- a preferred embodiment consists in producing a first dry impregnation of the niobium element and then, consecutively, a second dry impregnation of the tantalum element.
- a typical dry impregnation step comprises, for example, the following operations:
- the "sol-gel” synthesis methods by precipitation and atomization are preferred.
- the "sol-gel” synthesis method by precipitation is favored.
- the process for preparing said catalyst according to the invention comprises, for example, example, the following operations:
- step (d) post-treatment (s)
- step (d) drying and calcination, or steaming, etc.) so as to obtain the catalyst used according to the invention.
- the (s) precursor (s) of at least said element X considered (s) bit (s) may even be a (the) oxide (s) or a hydroxide (s) of said element X.
- a preferred silicic precursor is tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS).
- the precursors of these elements are any compound comprising at least the tantalum or niobium element or the optional additional element and which can release this element by solution in reactive form.
- precursors of at least the tantalum or niobium element or the optional additional element are advantageously inorganic salts and alkoxide precursors.
- the inorganic salts are selected from the group consisting of halides, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, hydroxides, carbonates, carboxylates, alcoholates, and combinations of two or more thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of chlorides, nitrates, carboxylates, alcoholates, and combinations of two or more thereof.
- the preferred precursors of tantalum are tantalum pentachloride and tantalum pentaethanoate which can be used with most organic solvents.
- the preferred precursors of niobium are ammonium and niobium oxalate or niobium pentaethoxide.
- the catalyst according to the invention may be shaped in the form of beads, pellets, granules, or extrudates (hollow or non-hollow cylinders, multilobed rolls with 2, 3, 4 or 5 lobes, for example, twisted rolls), or rings, etc., these shaping operations being performed by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- said catalyst used according to the invention is obtained in the form of extrudates with a size of between 1 and 10 mm.
- said materials obtained are then, for example introduced into equipment for rounding their surface, such as a bezel or other equipment allowing their spheronization.
- the catalyst according to the invention may optionally be mixed with at least one porous oxide material having the role of binder so as to generate the physical properties of the catalyst which are suitable for the process (mechanical strength, resistance to attrition, etc.).
- Said porous oxide material is preferably a porous oxide material chosen from the group formed by silica, magnesia, clays, titanium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, boron phosphates and a mixture at least two of the oxides mentioned above. It is also possible to use titanates, for example titanates of zinc, nickel or cobalt. It is still possible to use simple, synthetic or natural clays of 2: 1 dioctahedral phyllosilicate or 3: 1 trioctahedral phyllosilicate such as kaolinite, antigorite, chrysotile, montmorillonnite, beidellite, vermiculite, talc. , hectorite, saponite, laponite. These clays can be optionally delaminated. The various mixtures using at least two of the compounds mentioned above are also suitable for acting as binder.
- the binder used is silicic in nature.
- said silicic binder may be in the form of powders or colloidal solutions.
- said catalyst comprises and is preferably composed of 5 to 60% by weight, and preferably between 10 and 30% by weight of silicic binder, the weight percentages being expressed relative to the total mass of said catalyst.
- at least one organic adjuvant is also mixed during said shaping step.
- Said organic adjuvant may advantageously be chosen from methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol.
- the proportion of said organic adjuvant is advantageously between 0 and 20% by weight, preferably between 0 and 10% by weight and preferably between 0 and 7% by weight, relative to the total weight of said shaped material.
- the introduction of the elements tantalum, niobium and any additional element is carried out as described above by depositing the precursors of these elements on the surface of the mesoporous oxide matrix preformed and shaped.
- a post-treatment step (s) ( hydro) thermal (s) (drying and / or calcination, and / or steaming, etc.) is applied to obtain the catalyst according to the invention.
- the nitrogen volumetry corresponding to the physical adsorption of nitrogen molecules in the porosity of the catalyst according to the invention via a progressive increase of the pressure at constant temperature provides information on the textural characteristics (pore diameter, pore volume, surface specific) of the material used according to the invention. In particular, it provides access to the specific surface and the mesoporous distribution of the catalyst.
- Specific surface area is understood to mean the BET specific surface area (SBET in m 2 / g) determined by nitrogen adsorption according to the ASTM D 3663-78 standard established from the BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER method described in the "The Journal of American Society, 1938, 60, 309.
- the representative porous distribution of a mesopore population centered in a range of 2 to 50 nm is determined by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda model (BJH).
- BJH Barrett-Joyner-Halenda model
- the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm according to the BJH model thus obtained is described in the periodical "The Journal of the American Society", 1951, 73, 373, written by EP Barrett, LG Joyner and PP Halenda.
- the diameter of the mesopores f of the oxide-based matrix (s) corresponds to the value of the maximum diameter read on the pore size distribution curve obtained from the adsorption branch of the the nitrogen isotherm.
- the shape of the nitrogen adsorption isotherm and the hysteresis loop can provide information on the nature of the mesoporosity and the presence of the possible microporosity of the catalyst according to the invention.
- the quantitative analysis of the microporosity of the inorganic material obtained according to the invention is carried out using the "t” methods (method de Lippens-De Boer, 1965) or "oc s " (method proposed by Sing) which correspond to transformations of the starting adsorption isotherm as described in the book "Adsorption by powders and porous solids.” Principles, methodology and applications "written by F. Rouquerol, J. Rouquerol and K. Sing, Academy Press, 1999. These methods provide access in particular to the value of the microporous volume characteristic of the microporosity of the catalyst according to the invention.
- the porous distribution measured by mercury porosimetry is determined by mercury porosimeter intrusion according to ASTM standard D4284-83 at a maximum pressure of 4000 bar (400 MPa), using a voltage of surface of 484 dyne / cm and a contact angle of 140 °.
- the angle of wetting was taken equal to 140 ° following the recommendations of the book "Techniques of the engineer, treated analysis and characterization, P 1050-5, written by Jean Charpin and Bernard Rasneur".
- the value at which the mercury fills all the intergranular voids is fixed at 0.2 MPa, and it is considered that, beyond this, the mercury penetrates into the pores of the solid.
- the value of the total pore volume corresponds to the value of the total pore volume measured by mercury porosimeter intrusion measured on the sample minus the value of the total pore volume measured by mercury porosimeter intrusion measured on the same sample for a pressure corresponding to 30 psi (about 0.2 MPa).
- the macroporous volume of the catalyst is defined as the cumulative volume of mercury introduced at a pressure of between 0.2 MPa and 30 MPa, corresponding to the volume contained in the pores with an apparent diameter greater than 50 nm.
- the mesoporous volume of the catalyst is defined as the cumulative volume of mercury introduced at a pressure of between 30 MPa and 400 MPa, corresponding to the volume contained in the pores with an apparent diameter of between 2 and 50 nm.
- the use of a catalyst comprising at least the tantalum and niobium elements and at least one mesosporous oxide matrix for the conversion of ethanol or an ethanol acetaldehyde mixture to butadiene results in significant performance advantages in terms of productivity and selectivity.
- the representative conditions for this reaction are a temperature of between 300 and 400 ° C., preferably between 320 ° C.
- the space velocity is defined as the ratio of the mass flow rate of the feedstock to the mass. of catalyst.
- tantalum ethoxide (Ta (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 60 g of Davisil 636 silica (SBET "500 m 2 / g, Vp" 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ "7 nm, particle size: 200-500 microns) 'to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Catalyst A is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 2 Preparation of catalysts B, B 'and B "based on 0.5% Nb / SiO 2 a , 0.25% Nb / SiO 2 a and 1% Nb / SiQ 2 a (0.5% 0.25% and 1 wt% Nb relative to the mass of the silica) obtained by dry impregnation of the niobium precursor associated with the Davisil commercial silica surface 636 (a) (comparative)
- niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 80 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 50 g of Davisil 636 silica (SBET "500 m 2 / g, Vp" 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ ⁇ 7 nm, particle size: 200-500 microns) 'to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst B is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Davisil 636 silica SBET "500 m 2 / g, Vp" 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ ⁇ 7 nm, particle size: 200-500 microns
- Catalyst B ' is similarly prepared with a half-fold precursor content (0.53 g of niobium and pentahydrate ammonium oxalate).
- Catalyst B - is similarly prepared with twice the precursor content (2.12 g of niobium and ammonium pentahydrate oxalate)
- Example 3 Preparation of catalyst C based on 0.5% Nb / 0.5% Ta / SiO 2 a (0.5 wt% Nb and Ta relative to the mass of the silica) obtained by successive dry impregnation of the niobium and tantalum precursors associated with the Davisil 636 commercial silica surface ( a) with intermediate calcination (comparative)
- niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 80 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 50 g of Catalyst A until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst C is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- tantalum ethoxide Ti (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 60 g of Davisil 636 silica (SBET "500 m 2 / g, Vp" 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ ⁇ 7 nm, granulometry: 200-500 microns) 'to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 96 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with the dried solid until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The latter is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst D is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- tantalum ethoxide (Ta (OCH 2 CH 3) 5) are diluted in 48 ml of ethanol. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 30 g of catalyst B until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst E is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 6 Preparation of Catalyst F Based on 0.25% Nb / 0.5% Ta / SiO 9 a (0.25% by weight in Nb and 0.5% by weight in Ta relative to the mass of silica) obtained by dry impregnation of the niobium and tantalum precursors associated with the commercial silica surface Davisil 636 (a) (comparative)
- niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 80 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 50 g of Catalyst A until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst F is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 7 Preparation of Catalyst F 'and F "Based on 1% Nb / 0.5% Ta / SiO 9 a (1% by weight in Nb and 0.5% by weight in Ta relative to the mass of the silica) obtained by dry impregnation of the niobium and tantalum precursors associated with the commercial silica surface Davisil 636 (a) (outside the invention)
- niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 80 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 50 g of Catalyst A until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water during 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst F 'is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 80 ml of water.
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 60 g of Davisil 636 silica (SBET "500 m 2 / g, Vp" 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ ⁇ 7 nm, granulometry: 200-500 microns) 'to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid obtained is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- tantalum ethoxide Ti (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with the solid obtained to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Catalyst F is obtained by calcination of the solid dried in air at 550 ° C.
- Example 8 preparation of Catalyst G based on 1% Ta / SiO 2 a (1% by weight in Ta relative to the weight of the silica) obtained by dry impregnation of the tantalum precursor associated with the surface of commercial silica Davisil 636 (a) (comparative)
- tantalum ethoxide (Ta (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- Ti tantalum ethoxide
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 60 g of Davisil 636 silica (SBET "500 m 2 / g, Vp" 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ "7 nm, particle size: 200-500 microns) 'to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Catalyst G is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 9 Preparation of the catalyst H 0.5% Ta / SiQ 2
- tetraethylorthosilicate TEOS, Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4
- ethanol 150 ml of ethanol are added 12.5 ml of 68% (volume) nitric acid solution at room temperature. The whole is left stirring for 30 min. 50 ml of a solution of ammonia at 14% (volume) are then added. The system becomes cloudy and a gel is formed. 19 ml of ethanol are then added to allow additional stirring for 3 hours. The final gel is filtered, washed with ethanol and then dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. The silica powder obtained is then calcined under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- tantalum ethoxide Ti (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is added dropwise and mixed with 10 g of silica until a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation) is observed.
- the solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with ethanol for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C for 24 hours.
- Catalyst H is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- tetraethylorthosilicate TEOS, Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4
- ethanol 150 ml of ethanol are added 12.5 ml of 68% (volume) nitric acid solution at room temperature. The whole is left stirring for 30 min. 50 ml of a solution of ammonia at 14% (volume) are then added. The system becomes cloudy and a gel is formed. 19 ml of ethanol are then added to allow additional stirring for 3 hours. The final gel is filtered, washed with ethanol and then dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. The silica powder obtained is then calcined under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- niobium and ammonium oxalate are dissolved in 18 ml of water. This solution is added dropwise and mixed with 10 g of silica until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst I is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 11 Preparation of the catalyst J 05% Nb / 0.5% Ta / SiC 1 2
- tetraethylorthosilicate TEOS, Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4
- ethanol 150 ml of ethanol are added 12.5 ml of 68% (volume) nitric acid solution at room temperature. The whole is left stirring for 30 min. 50 ml of a solution of ammonia at 14% (volume) are then added. The system becomes cloudy and a gel is formed. 19 ml of ethanol are then added to allow additional stirring for 3 hours. The final gel is filtered, washed with ethanol and then dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. The silica powder obtained is then calcined under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- niobium and ammonium oxalate are dissolved in 18 ml of water. This solution is added dropwise and mixed with 10 g of silica until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. 0.11 g of tantalum ethoxide (Ta (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5 ) are dissolved in 31.7 ml of ethanol. This solution is added dropwise and mixed with 10 g of the solid Nb-SiO 2 until a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation) is observed.
- Ta (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5 tantalum ethoxide
- Catalyst J is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C for 4 hours.
- 3 (0.5% by weight in terms of Nb and 0.5% by weight relative to the weight of the silica) obtained by dry impregnation of the precursors niobium and tantalum associated with the surface of a synthesized silica ( ⁇ ) according to the modern metallo-organic sol-gel route on which 100 ppm of sodium have been deposited (according to the invention)
- tetraethylorthosilicate TEOS, Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4
- ethanol 150 ml of ethanol are added 12.5 ml of 68% (volume) nitric acid solution at room temperature. The whole is left stirring for 30 min. 50 ml of a solution of ammonia at 14% (volume) are then added. The system becomes cloudy and a gel is formed. 19 ml of ethanol are then added to allow additional stirring for 3 hours. The final gel is filtered, washed with ethanol and then dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. The silica powder obtained is then calcined under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- niobium and ammonium oxalate are dissolved in 18 ml of water. This solution is added dropwise and mixed with 10 g of silica until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. 0.11 g of tantalum ethoxide (Ta (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5) are dissolved in 31.7 ml of ethanol. This solution is added dropwise and mixed with 10 g of the solid Nb-SiO 2 until a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation) is observed.
- Ta (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5 tantalum ethoxide
- tantalum ethoxide (Ta (OCH 2 -CH 3) 5) are diluted in 28 ml of ethanol. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 30 g of Evonik extrudates (SBET ⁇ 160 m 2 / g, Vp ⁇ 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ ⁇ 25 nm) until a wettability of the surface is observed. of the latter (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst K is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- niobium ammonium oxalate pentahydrate 0.63 g is diluted in 28 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 30 g of Evonik extrudates (SBET ⁇ 160 m 2 / g, Vp ⁇ 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ ⁇ 25 nm) until a wettability of the surface is observed. of the latter (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst L is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- niobium ammonium oxalate pentahydrate 0.63 g is diluted in 28 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 30 g of catalyst K to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst M is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 15 Preparation of Catalysts N, N 'and N "based on 0.5% Zr / SiO 2 a , 0.25% Zr / SiO 2 a and 0.05% Zr / SiO 2 a (0.5% 0.25% and 0.05 wt% Nb relative to the mass of the silica) obtained by dry impregnation of the zirconium precursor associated with the Davisil commercial silica surface 636 (a) (comparative)
- 0.88 g of zirconium chloride octahydrate are diluted in 80 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 50 g of Davisil 636 silica (SBET ⁇ 500 m 2 / g, Vp ⁇ 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ ⁇ 7 nm, granulometry: 200-500 microns) until 'to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst N is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Catalyst N ' is similarly prepared with a precursor content two times lower (0.44 g of zirconium chloride octahydrate).
- Catalyst N is similarly prepared with a tenfold lower precursor content (0.04 g of zirconium chloride octahydrate).
- EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of the catalyst O based on 0.5% Zr / 0.5% Ta / SiO 2 a (0.5% by weight in terms of Zr and Ta relative to the mass of the silica) obtained by successive dry impregnation of zirconium and tantalum precursors associated with Davisil commercial silica surface 636 (a) with intermediate calcination (comparative)
- Example 17 Preparation of catalysts P and P 'based on 1% Nb / 0.5% Zr / SiO 2 a and 1% Nb / 0.25% Zr / SiO 2 a (0.5% or 0.25% Zr weight and 1 wt% Nb relative to the mass of the silica) obtained by successive dry impregnation of the niobium and zirconium precursors associated with the surface of Davisil commercial silica 636 (a) with intermediate calcination (comparative)
- niobium and ammonium pentahydrate oxalate are diluted in 15 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 10 g of Catalyst N until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst P is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- tantalum ethoxide (Ta (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 60 g of Davisil 636 silica (SBET "500 m 2 / g, Vp" 0.9 ml / g and ⁇ "7 nm, particle size: 200-500 microns) 'to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. 1.27 g of niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 96 ml of water.
- tetraethylorthosilicate TEOS, Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4
- ethanol 150 ml of ethanol are added 12.5 ml of 68% (volume) nitric acid solution at room temperature. The whole is left stirring for 30 min. 0.25 g of tantalum ethoxide (Ta (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5 ) are then added to the taste to taste under inert conditions to the previous mixture. 50 ml of a solution of ammonia at 14% (volume) are then added. The system becomes cloudy and a gel is formed. 19 ml of ethanol are then added to allow additional stirring for 3 hours.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- Example 20 Preparation of catalyst T based on 0.25% Nb / 0.5% Ta / SiO 2 (0.25% by weight in terms of Nb and 0.5% by weight relative to the weight of silica) obtained by synthesis of the Nb / SiO solid by the metallo-organic modern sol-gel route and dry impregnation of the latter by the associated tantalum precursor (according to the invention) Preparation of the Nb-SiO 2 solid
- niobium ethoxide Nb (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- a solution containing ammonia 14% (volume) are then added.
- the system becomes cloudy and a gel is formed.
- 19 ml of ethanol are then added to allow additional stirring for 3 hours.
- the final gel is filtered, washed with ethanol and then dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the Nb-SiO 2 powder obtained is then calcined in air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- tantalum ethoxide Ti (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is added dropwise and mixed with 10 g of the solid Nb-SiO 2 until a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation) is observed.
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Catalyst T is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- nitric acid solution containing 55 ml of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4 ) and 150 ml of ethanol are added 12.5 ml of 68% (volume) nitric acid solution at room temperature. The whole is left stirring for 30 min.
- Catalyst V Based on 10% Ta / SiO2
- tetraethylorthosilicate TEOS, Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4
- ethanol 150 ml of ethanol are added 12.5 ml of 68% (volume) nitric acid solution at room temperature. The whole is left stirring for 30 min. 3.31 g of tantalum ethoxide (Ta (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5 ) are then added to the taste to taste in conditions inert to the previous mixture. 50 ml of a solution of ammonia at 14% (volume) are then added. The system becomes cloudy and a gel is formed. 19 ml of ethanol are then added to allow additional stirring for 3 hours.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- Catalyst X is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 23 Preparation of Catalyst W Based on 7% Nb / SiO 2 (10% by weight relative to the mass of silica) obtained by the modern metallo-organic sol-gel route (comparative)
- nitric acid solution containing 55 ml of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, Si (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4 ) and 150 ml of ethanol are added 12.5 ml of 68% (volume) nitric acid solution at room temperature. The whole is left stirring for 30 min.
- Catalyst X is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- tantalum ethoxide Ti (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 30 g of the previously prepared solid to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Catalyst V is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 80 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 50 g of the previously prepared solid until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. Catalyst W is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 27 Preparation of the AA catalyst based on 10% Zn / 0.25% Nb / l% Ta / SiO 2 a (10% weight in Zn, 0.25% Nb and 1% weight in Ta relative to the mass of the silica) obtained by successive dry impregnation of the zinc, niobium and tantalum precursors associated with the surface of the Davisil commercial silica 636 (a) (according to the invention)
- niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 76 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 50 g of the previously prepared solid until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. The intermediate solid is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- tantalum ethoxide Ti (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 30 g of the previously prepared solid to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Catalyst X is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- EXAMPLE 28 Preparation of the AB Catalyst Based on 10% Zn 1.7% Ta SiO 2 a (10% by weight in Zn and 1.7% by weight relative to the weight of the silica) obtained by successive dry impregnation of zinc and tantalum precursors associated with commercial silica surface Davisil 636 (a) (comparative)
- tantalum ethoxide Ti (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 30 g of the previously prepared solid to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Catalyst Y is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 29 Preparation of the AC catalyst based on 10% Zn / 0.5% Nb / 0.8% Ta / SiO 2 a (10% by weight in Zn, 0.5% by weight in Nb and 0.8% by weight in Ta relative to the mass of the silica) obtained by successive dry impregnation of the niobium, zinc and tantalum precursors associated with the commercial silica surface Davisil 636 (a) (according to the invention)
- niobium oxalate and ammonium pentahydrate are diluted in 76 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 50 g of the previously prepared solid until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. The intermediate solid is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- tantalum ethoxide Ti (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 30 g of the previously prepared solid to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Catalyst Y is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Example 30 Preparation of AD catalyst 10% Zn / 0.2% Nb / l, 4% Ta / SiQ 2 a (10% by weight Zn, 0.2% by weight of Nb and 4% by weight Ta relative to the mass of the silica) obtained by successive dry impregnation of the niobium, zinc and tantalum precursors associated with the commercial silica surface Davisil 636 (a) (according to the invention)
- niobium and ammonium pentahydrate oxalate are diluted in 76 ml of water. This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 50 g of the previously prepared solid until a wettability of the surface of the latter is observed (dry impregnation). The solid is then placed in an atmosphere saturated with water for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. The intermediate solid is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- tantalum ethoxide Ti (OCH 2 CH 3 ) 5
- This solution is rapidly added dropwise and mixed with 30 g of the previously prepared solid to observe a wettability of the surface of the latter (dry impregnation).
- the solid is then placed in a saturated ethanol atmosphere for 3 hours, dried at 100 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Catalyst Y is obtained by calcining the dried solid under air at 550 ° C. for 4 hours.
- Mass flow rate of carbon belonging to the converted load ⁇ A + B ⁇ represents the weighted activity of the catalysts A and B in the absence of any interaction between these two catalysts.
- the reactor used in the following examples consists of a stainless steel tube 20 cm long and 10 mm in diameter.
- the reactor is first loaded with carborundum and then with the catalyst diluted in carborundum and finally with carborundum.
- Carborundum is inert to the charge and does not affect catalytic results; it makes it possible to position the catalyst in the isothermal zone of the reactor and to limit the risks of problems of transfer of heat and material.
- the temperature of the reactor is controlled with a tubular furnace with three heating zones.
- the liquid feed (mixture of ethanol and acetaldehyde in a ratio R) is injected via a double piston HPLC pump.
- the liquid stream is vaporized in the heated lines by a tracer before entering the reactor and is homogenized by passing through a static mixer.
- the products formed during the reaction are maintained in the vapor phase for online analysis by gas chromatography (PONA capillary columns and Carboxen 1010) to allow the most accurate identification of the hundreds of products formed.
- the catalyst is activated in situ under nitrogen at the test temperature. The specific operating conditions are described in the following examples.
- Catalytic test 1 demonstration of the synergistic effect Nb / Ta - EtOH / AcH load
- the Ethanol Acetaldehyde ratio is set at 2.6 (mol / mol), the temperature at 350 ° C. and the pressure at 1.5 bar.
- the pph and thus the charge rate are adjusted to obtain a 35% charge conversion.
- Catalyst E according to the invention has a higher selectivity and productivity than catalysts outside the invention.
- the catalyst F 'with a niobium content greater than that of tantalum does not make it possible to improve the selectivity and the productivity compared with the sum of the performances of the catalysts A and B ", even by modifying the order of addition of the tantalum and niobium (F ").
- the Ethanol Acetaldehyde ratio is set at 2.6 (mol / mol), the temperature at 350 ° C. and the pressure at 1.5 bar.
- the pph and thus the charge rate are adjusted to obtain a 25% charge conversion.
- Carbon productivity and butadiene selectivity values are measured at this operating point.
- the charge rate is set to achieve a 25% load conversion.
- the catalysts J and J 'according to the invention have a selectivity and a productivity greater than that of the catalysts H and I.
- Catalyst X with a niobium content greater than 6% does not make it possible to improve the selectivity and the productivity compared with the sum of the performances of the catalysts V and W.
- Catalytic test 3 demonstration of the absence of synergy Ta / Zr- EtOH / AcH load
- the Ethanol Acetaldehyde ratio is set at 2.6 (mol / mol), the temperature at 350 ° C. and the pressure at 1.5 bar.
- the pph and thus the charge rate are adjusted to obtain a 35% charge conversion.
- Carbon productivity and butadiene selectivity values are measured at this operating point.
- the association between tantalum and zirconium does not improve the selectivity of the reaction and even has an antagonistic effect on the productivity of the catalyst.
- Catalyst test 4 demonstration of the absence of synergism Nb / Zr- EtOH / AcH load
- the ratio Ethanol / acetaldehyde is fixed at 2.6 (mol / mol), the temperature at 350 ° C. and the pressure at 1.5 bar.
- the pph and thus the charge rate are adjusted to obtain a 35% charge conversion.
- Carbon productivity and butadiene selectivity values are measured at this operating point.
- the charge rate is set to achieve 35% load conversion
- the ratio Ethanol Acetaldehyde is set at 2.6 (mol / mol), the temperature at 350 ° C, the pph to 2.5 h -1 and the pressure at 1.5 bar. Carbon productivity and butadiene selectivity values are measured at this operating point.
- a calibration curve of the relationship between tantalum content and butadiene productivity is achieved by varying the tantalum content between 0.25% and 5%, the catalysts being prepared following the catalyst preparation protocol A. This curve is presented in FIG. 1.
- the curve presented in FIG. 1 allows, according to the productivity obtained under the conditions of the test with each catalyst based on Ta and Nb, to estimate the tantalum content that would be necessary to obtain this productivity if a catalyst containing only Ta was used.
- the amount of tantalum saved represents the difference between this value and the actual tantalum content of the catalyst tested.
- the table shows that it is possible to obtain the same performance as a tantalum catalyst with niobium and tantalum catalysts, but with lower levels of tantalum.
- the catalyst E prepared by consecutive introduction of the niobium element and then the tantalum element allows a much greater saving of tantalum.
- the table shows that it is possible to obtain the same performance as a tantalum catalyst with catalysts based on niobium and tantalum but with lower levels of tantalum, the catalyst prepared by introducing consecutively the niobium then the tantalum allowing a significant productivity gain over the catalyst U in which tantalum and niobium were added simultaneously.
- the feed contains only ethanol
- the temperature is set at 375 ° C and the pressure at 1.4 bar.
- the pph and thus the charge rate are adjusted to obtain a 55% charge conversion.
- Carbon productivity and butadiene selectivity values are measured at this operating point.
- the catalyst X according to the invention has a higher selectivity and productivity than the catalysts V and W.
- the feed contains only ethanol
- the temperature is set at 350 ° C
- Carbon productivity and butadiene selectivity values are measured at this operating point.
- the table shows that it is possible in the context of a one-step butadiene production process from ethanol to obtain the same performance as a tantalum catalyst with niobium and tantalum catalysts. but with lower contents in tantalum.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1556661A FR3038850B1 (fr) | 2015-07-13 | 2015-07-13 | Catalyseur ta-nb pour la production de 1,3-butadiene |
| PCT/EP2016/065824 WO2017009108A1 (fr) | 2015-07-13 | 2016-07-05 | CATALYSEUR Ta-Nb POUR LA PRODUCTION DE 1,3-BUTADIÈNE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3322532A1 true EP3322532A1 (fr) | 2018-05-23 |
Family
ID=54329729
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16736077.5A Pending EP3322532A1 (fr) | 2015-07-13 | 2016-07-05 | CATALYSEUR Ta-Nb POUR LA PRODUCTION DE 1,3-BUTADIÈNE |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10792644B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3322532A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3038850B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017009108A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3038851B1 (fr) | 2015-07-13 | 2019-11-08 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Catalyseur a base de tantale depose sur silice pour la transformation de l'ethanol en butadiene |
| WO2019131890A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-04 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Catalyseur ainsi que procédé de fabrication de celui-ci, et procédé de fabrication de composé diène mettant en oeuvre ledit catalyseur |
| WO2019139071A1 (fr) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Catalyseur, son procédé de production et procédé de production de composes de diène utilisant ledit catalyseur |
| GB201910754D0 (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-11 | Lucite Int Uk Ltd | A catalyst and a process for the production of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters |
| WO2022165190A1 (fr) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-04 | Ecovyst Catalyst Technologies Llc | Procédé de fabrication d'un catalyseur à base de tantale supporté |
| KR20240004425A (ko) * | 2021-04-01 | 2024-01-11 | 신도스 두리 7 스폴카 츠 오그라니크초나 오드포비드치알노스치아 | 에탄올과 아세트알데히드의 혼합물로부터 1,3-부타디엔을 제조하기 위한 단열적으로 수행되는 방법 |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2357855A (en) | 1941-12-15 | 1944-09-12 | Szukiewicz Waclaw | Method for producing butadiene |
| US2374433A (en) | 1942-06-08 | 1945-04-24 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Production of butadiene |
| FR925617A (fr) * | 1942-09-29 | 1947-09-09 | Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp | Procédé de préparation d'oléfines |
| US2421361A (en) | 1942-09-29 | 1947-05-27 | Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp | Process for making diolefins |
| US2438464A (en) | 1944-08-30 | 1948-03-23 | Rohm & Haas | Catalytic process for producing butadiene |
| US2447181A (en) | 1944-08-30 | 1948-08-17 | Rohm & Haas | Silica-magnesia catalyst and preparation thereof |
| US2436125A (en) | 1944-08-30 | 1948-02-17 | Rohm & Haas | Silica-zirconia catalysts and method of preparation |
| US4240931A (en) * | 1978-05-01 | 1980-12-23 | Standard Oil Company | Oxidation catalysts |
| US4400306A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1983-08-23 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the preparation of fluidizable catalysts |
| US4729980A (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1988-03-08 | Intevep, S.A. | Catalyst for the simultaneous hydrodemetallization and hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks and process for preparing the catalyst |
| CN1735451A (zh) * | 2002-11-25 | 2006-02-15 | 亚拉国际有限公司 | 多金属沸石催化剂的制备和活化方法、催化剂组合物和用于减少n2o的应用 |
| AU2003270905A1 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-09-06 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Combined cracking and selective hydrogen combustion for catalytic cracking |
| RU2440962C1 (ru) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-01-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "УНИСИТ" (ООО "УНИСИТ") | Одностадийный способ получения бутадиена |
| WO2013125389A1 (fr) | 2012-02-20 | 2013-08-29 | 株式会社ダイセル | Procédé de production de 1,3-butadiène |
| EP2712673A1 (fr) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-02 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Procédé de fabrication de 1,3-butadiène |
| WO2014061917A1 (fr) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | 한국화학연구원 | Catalyseur à base de silice mésoporeuse régulière pour préparer du 1,3-butadiène à partir d'éthanol et procédé de préparation de 1,3-butadiène l'employant |
| KR101589140B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-19 | 2016-01-28 | 한국화학연구원 | 에탄올로부터 1,3-부타디엔 제조를 위한 규칙적인 메조세공 실리카계 촉매 및 이를 이용한 1,3-부타디엔의 제조방법 |
| EP2970552A4 (fr) * | 2013-03-13 | 2017-03-08 | Energ2 Technologies, Inc. | Procédés améliorés de polymérisation en émulsion et suspension, et performance électrochimique améliorée pour des dérivés carbonés ainsi préparés |
| CA2908655C (fr) | 2013-05-07 | 2016-08-02 | Synthos S.A. | Procede de production de 1,3-butadiene |
| WO2014199349A2 (fr) | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-18 | Basf Se | Silicates amorphes imprégnés de métal pour la conversion sélective de l'éthanol en butadiène |
-
2015
- 2015-07-13 FR FR1556661A patent/FR3038850B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-07-05 EP EP16736077.5A patent/EP3322532A1/fr active Pending
- 2016-07-05 WO PCT/EP2016/065824 patent/WO2017009108A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-07-05 US US15/744,386 patent/US10792644B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017009108A1 (fr) | 2017-01-19 |
| US20180200696A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
| US10792644B2 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
| FR3038850B1 (fr) | 2019-11-08 |
| FR3038850A1 (fr) | 2017-01-20 |
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