EP3318690B1 - Kohlenfaserverstärkungspolymer und seine respektive anwendungstechnik für die verstärkung von betonstrukturen - Google Patents

Kohlenfaserverstärkungspolymer und seine respektive anwendungstechnik für die verstärkung von betonstrukturen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3318690B1
EP3318690B1 EP16770796.7A EP16770796A EP3318690B1 EP 3318690 B1 EP3318690 B1 EP 3318690B1 EP 16770796 A EP16770796 A EP 16770796A EP 3318690 B1 EP3318690 B1 EP 3318690B1
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Prior art keywords
laminate
strengthening
concrete
slab
carbon fiber
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3318690A1 (de
Inventor
Joaquim António OLIVEIRA DE BARROS
Filipe Nuno FERRAZ MARQUES DOURADO
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Clever Reinforcement Iberica- Materiais De Construcao Lda
Universidade do Minho
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Clever Reinforcement Iberica- Materiais De Construcao Lda
Universidade do Minho
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements

Definitions

  • the present application describes a carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate and the respective technique for the strengthening of concrete structures.
  • the knowledge heritage acquired by the inventors in the past fifteen years in the scope of the strengthening of structures with composite materials has allowed a deep understanding of the advantages and debilities of the current systems.
  • the disadvantages of the strengthening techniques based on the use Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) are mainly their premature detachment, especially when using the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) technique, as well as its susceptibility to high temperatures and acts of vandalism.
  • EBR externally bonded reinforcement
  • the strengthening capacity of CFRP laminates is not fully exploited, due to the premature rip-off of the concrete cover that includes these laminates, or by sliding alongside the substrate.
  • Document JP2003003674 discloses a reinforcing system comprising a sheet-shaped part, equipped with a plurality of extending portions extending outward from each of the four corners of the sheet portion.
  • This invention is a sheet made of fibers that is applied on the surface of three faces of a beam.
  • Document JP2012207387 discloses a reinforcement structure for wood that includes an aramid fiber rod of which one end is bent and a wood with a hole and a groove extending from the hole along the front face, and the one end of the aramid fiber rod is inserted into the hole and the aramid fiber rod extends from one end to the other end and is fitted to the groove.
  • the present invention describes a carbon fiber reinforcement polymer (CFRP) laminate according to claim 1, a use thereof according to claim 5 and a method for the strengthening of a concrete beam or slab accordiong to claim 3.
  • CFRP laminate with a clip shape (not according to the invention) is formed by three straight segments and two transition zones, or cane, constituted by two rectilinear segments and a transition zone (elbow), in which the extremity branches ensure shear strengthening in beams or punching in slabs, while the remaining part of the laminate ensures flexural reinforcement. This product is meant to be applied in the construction area.
  • the original CFRP laminate has a constant cross section, with a width that can vary between 10 to 20 mm, and a thickness of 1.4 mm.
  • the extremities of the CFRP laminate are introduced in holes opened into the section of the element to be strenghtened, similarly to the Embedded Trough Section (ETS) technique, which demonstrated an extraordinary efficiency on the shear strengthening of concrete beams [10].
  • ETS Embedded Trough Section
  • the inclination and length of the extremities of the laminate depend on the type of strengthening to be executed, whereby they are data of the strengthening project.
  • the largest and most complete experimental program performed to date regarding the use of CFRP laminates for the shear strengthening of RC beams according to the NSM technique [4] has demonstrated that the efficiency of this technique depends significantly on the inclination of the laminates, the quality of the surrounding concrete, the percentage of existing steel stirrups on the beam to be strengthened, and the stiffness of the strengthening systems.
  • the present CFRP laminate has the ability of, simultaneously, serve as a reinforcement for the flexural and shear strengthening of RC beams, and for the flexural and punching strengthening of RC slabs. It can also be applied on the flexural strengthening of RC columns, balconies and cantilevers, by anchoring the inclined extremity of the new CFRP laminate, designated in this case as sticker laminate, into is holes executed in concrete elements connected to the elements to be strengthened.
  • the strengthening ability of this laminate is higher than any other FRP system currently in the market, since the maximum tensile strain possible to be mobilized is close to the its ultimate tensile strain, as was observed in the exploratory experimental programs already executed, as well as through performed numerical simulations.
  • an elevated fluidity equals a viscosity between 850 e 1150 mPa*s.
  • the efficiency and profitability of the strengthening technique depends on the rigor assured for the required length and inclination of the laminate extremities, as well as on the quality and rigor on the execution of the transition zones (elbows).
  • an error below 10% either in the inclination or in the length of the extremities does not affect significantly the performance of the new type of laminate and the respective strengthening technique, as well as in the time execution procedure of such technique.
  • An equal error level is admitted for the diameter of the holes where the laminate extremities are inserted.
  • the extremity inclination of the laminate ranges from 30 to 90 degrees with the beam axis (or the slab middle surface), and it should be as orthogonal as possible to the cracks due to shear (beams) or punching (slabs).
  • the laminates extremities inclination should be close to 45 degrees, but a variation of +/- 15 degrees is perfectly acceptable (inclinations of 30 to 60 degrees), and the assumption of vertical extremities (orthogonal to the beam's axis or the slab's middle surface) can still be an effective alternative when difficulties on the execution of inclined holes are a considerable obstacle for technical/economic reasons.
  • each of the parts that compose the laminate will be completely dependent on the conditions of the project for the structural strengthening, but a 10% error does not compromise its efficacy.
  • CFRP laminates as the ones shown on Figs. 1 and 2 , as well as the strengthening technique for concrete structures using these laminates.
  • the laminates shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are elaborated from 1.4x10 mm 2 or 1.4 ⁇ 20 mm 2 cross section laminates.
  • the transformation executed by an automatism, introduces the transition zones (Tz), elbows, presented on the referred figures, being the laminate able to take a clip shape ( Fig. 1 ) (not according to the invention) or a cane shape ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the transition zone is executed by a thermo-mechanical treatment, in which by temperature rise, with an oven existing in the mechanism, the adhesive becomes viscous, in a way that it becomes possible to assure the required inclination to the laminates extremity.
  • This process is followed by application of a rotational movement to the part formed by the transition zone and its corresponding laminate extremity, while the other part of the laminate is kept clamped, which introduces a plait configuration to the transition zone.
  • This transition zone is then dipped with adhesive and jacketed by a fiber sleeve in order to achieve the intended stiffness, being the process finalized by curing this zone.
  • FIG 1 it is precisely shown a representation of the CFRP laminate with a clip shape (not according to the invention) with its both extremities inclined, being able to have two different inclinations ( ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2).
  • the laminate is formed with three branches: central with a length of Lb, which has the fundamental function of guaranteeing the flexural strengthening of the RC element to be strengthened; both extremities, whose length can be different, LS1 and LS2, which have as the main objective of providing the required shear strengthening.
  • TZ transition zone
  • FIG 2 a representation of a cane type CFRP laminate with a folded extremity is shown, being able to take the intended orientation.
  • the laminate is formed by two branches, one with a Lb length for the flexural strengthening, and another with a Ls length which can serve for the shear strengthening and/or to assure an adequate anchoring to the part of flexural strengthening. These branches are connected by a transition area (TZ) .
  • TZ transition area
  • the strengthening technique consists of installing the laminate part destined to the flexural strengthening (Lb on Figs. 1 and 2 ) in a groove made on the concrete cover of the RC element to strengthen (zone with a L1 and L2 length as shown on Fig. 3a ) and on the installation of the extremity (extremities) of the laminate into holes previously opened on the section of the element to be strengthened ( Fig. 3a , 3e and 3f ). After the execution of the groove and holes, they are cleaned by compressed air or an equivalent technique.
  • the groove should have a width (ag) between 4.5 and 5.5 mm ( Fig. 3g ) and a height (bg) equal to the cross section height of the laminate plus 1.0 to 3.0 ( Fig. 3g ).
  • the diameter of the hole should be equal to the largest dimension of the laminate cross section dimensions plus 1.0 to 3.0 mm ( Fig. 3f ).
  • the laminate is cleaned with a degreasing agent.
  • the adhesive for fixing the Lb part of the laminate to the concrete, S&P 220 is produced according to the recommendations of the adhesives manufacturer, although another adhesive can be used as long as it is demonstrated by pullout tests that equal or superior conditions of bonding the laminate to concrete are achieved.
  • the adhesive is applied with spatula, collapsible tube or other nozzle mechanism in order to completely fill the groove with the adhesive throughout the length Lb and part of the transition zone for sealing the lower part of the holes.
  • a thin adhesive layer is applied, and the laminate is immediately introduced into the groove and respective holes.
  • a high fluidity adhesive is introduced by gravity, on the top of the holes, in order to bond the laminate extremities to the surrounding concrete ( Fig. 3e, 3f and 3h ).
  • the curing period for the two types of used adhesives should be the one stated by the manufacturer of such adhesives.
  • the clip shaped laminates are especially suited for the simultaneous flexural and shear strengthening of beams.
  • a beam with a T cross section is strengthened for positive bending moments and shear forces by using a clip laminate (L1) disposed along the longitudinal symmetry plane of the beam, as shown on Fig. 3c , and by two clip laminates (L2) disposed along the beam, near the beam lateral faces, as shown on Fig. 3b .
  • the beam is flexurally strengthened with 3 laminates, as shown on Fig. 3a and 3d
  • the beam has only 2 laminates for the flexural strengthening, as shown on Fig. 3a and 3c .
  • the central part of the laminates (Lb) assures flexural strengthening, and offers resistance against the propagation of flexural cracks (Crf), while the extremity parts of the laminates (Ls) assure shear strengthening and offer resistance to the opening and sliding of the shear cracks (Crs).
  • the side parts of the laminate, while inclined, are inserted into opened holes on the beam's cross section, with a diameter equal to the bigger side of the laminate's cross section, bf, plus approximately 2 mm, as shown on Fig. 3e .
  • the hole is filled with high fluidity adhesive in order to fill by gravity the existing spaces between the laminate and the hole's wall, as shown in Fig. 3h and 3f .
  • the clip laminates (not according to the invention), as shown in Figure 4 , are also proposed for the simultaneous flexural and punching strengthening of RC slabs.
  • the central parts of the laminates are used for the flexural strengthening, as well as to assure anchoring conditions to the extremity parts of the laminate.
  • Such extremity parts have the main function of assuring the punching strengthening and providing suitable anchoring conditions to the central part of the laminate dedicated for the flexural strengthening.
  • the central part of the laminate offers resistance to the propagation of flexural cracks (CRf), while the extremity branches offer resistance to the opening and sliding of shear cracks (CRs).
  • the clip (not according to the invention) or cane laminates, as shown on figure 5 , can also be used for the flexural strengthening of columns, where the non-inclined part has the function of assuring the required flexural strengthening, and the extremity(extremities) to assure the needed anchoring conditions for an effective flexural strengthening by avoiding a premature detachment of the laminate.
  • the cane laminates as shown on figure 6 , are indicated particularly for increasing flexural capacity for the negative bending moment in cantilever type structures, such is the case of the balconies shown in the figure.
  • the horizontal part of the laminate assures the intended flexural strengthening, while the La length assures the intended laminate anchoring conditions.
  • Figure 7 shows the strengthening configuration of RC beams adopted in the ongoing experimental program.
  • Figure 8 shows the strengthening configuration of RC slabs adopted in the current experimental program - Fig. 8a , brittle punching brittle failure mode registered in the reference slab, as shown on Fig. 8b , and flexural ductile failure mode observed in the RC slab strengthened with the new types of CFRP laminates, as shown on Fig. 8c .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
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Claims (5)

  1. Ein kohlefaserverstärktes Polymerlaminat mit einer Rohrform
    zur Verstärkung eines Stahlbetonträgers mit einer Achse oder einer Betonplatte mit einer Plattenebene, wobei der Träger oder die Platte eine Bügelverankerung in den Innenbereich und eine Betonabdeckung aufweisen. Der Träger oder die Platte besitzen Nuten und Bohrungen zum Einbringen des besagten kohlestofffaserverstärkten Polymerlaminats und eines Klebstoffs mit hoher Fließfähigkeit, wobei die Rohrform zwei geradlinige Segmente (Ls, Lb) und eine Übergangszone (Tz) umfasst, welche die beiden geradlinigen Segmente (Ls, Lb)miteinander verbindet,
    worin das äußere Segment (Ls) eine Extremität der Rohrform des
    kohlefaserverstärkten Polymerlaminats bildet, worin die Neigung der Extremität bei der Verwendung zwischen 30 und 90 Grad in Bezug auf die Trägerachse oder die Plattenebene des zu verstärkenden Stahlbetonträgers bzw. der zu verstärkenden Betonplatte beträgt.
  2. Ein kohlefaserverstärktes Polymerlaminat gemäß dem vorherigen Anspruch, das einen konstanten Querschnitt mit einer Breite zwischen 10 und 20 mm und einer Dicke von 1,4 mm aufweist.
  3. Verstärkungsmethode zur Verstärkung eines Betonträgers oder einer Betonplatte unter Verwendung des kohlefaserverstärkten Polymerlaminats gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, welche die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Öffnen einer Nut auf der Betonabdeckung des Stahlbetonträgers oder der zu verstärkenden Betonplatte;
    - Öffnen einer Bohrung mit einem Durchmesser, welcher der maximalen Abmessung des Laminatquerschnitts plus 1,0 bis 3,0 mm entspricht;
    - Reinigung der Nut und der Bohrung mit Druckluft;
    - Reinigung des Laminats mit einem Entfettungsmittel;
    - Aufbringung des Klebstoffs und dessen Anwendung über die gesamte Länge der Nut und Aufbringung einer dünnen Klebstoffschicht auf die seitlichen Flächen eines der geradlinigen Segmente des Laminats;
    - Einführung des geradlinigen Segments (Lb) in die Nut, zur Erhöhung der Biegefestigung und Einführung des anderen geradlinigen Segments (Ls) des Laminats, welches die Extremität bildet, in das Loch;
    - Nach dem Aushärten des auf ein geradliniges Segment (Lb) aufgetragenen Klebstoffs,
    Ausfüllen des Raums zwischen dem anderen geradlinigen Segment, das die Extremität (Ls) des Laminats bildet, und der Wand der Bohrung mit Klebstoff hoher Fließfähigkeit.
  4. Verstärkungsmethode gemäß dem vorherigen Anspruch, bei der die Breite der auf der Betonabdeckung geöffneten Nut zwischen 4,5 und 5,5 mm beträgt.
  5. Verwendung des kohlefaserverstärkten Polymerlaminats gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2 zur Verstärkung eines Stahlbetonträgers oder einer Stahlbetonplatte.
EP16770796.7A 2015-06-30 2016-06-29 Kohlenfaserverstärkungspolymer und seine respektive anwendungstechnik für die verstärkung von betonstrukturen Active EP3318690B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT10861115 2015-06-30
PCT/IB2016/053897 WO2017002043A1 (pt) 2015-06-30 2016-06-29 Laminado de matriz polimérica reforçado com fibra de carbono e respetiva técnica de aplicação para reforçar estruturas de betão

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EP3318690A1 EP3318690A1 (de) 2018-05-09
EP3318690B1 true EP3318690B1 (de) 2022-08-24

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US9909278B2 (en) * 2016-02-26 2018-03-06 Nationwide Reinforcing, Ltd. Concrete wall stabilizing apparatus and method
CN106012809B (zh) * 2016-04-29 2018-03-20 东南大学 一种钢‑纤维复合材料混凝土组合柱及其震后修复方法
HUP1600552A2 (en) * 2016-09-28 2018-05-02 Novonovon Zrt Reinforcing fibre and method for the production of reinforced composites especially reinforced concrete
IT201700115951A1 (it) * 2017-10-13 2019-04-13 Fsc Tech Llc Elemento strutturale per costruzioni
CH715469A1 (de) * 2018-10-25 2020-04-30 Staubli Kurath & Partner Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Spannbetonelements.
US11236508B2 (en) * 2018-12-12 2022-02-01 Structural Technologies Ip, Llc Fiber reinforced composite cord for repair of concrete end members
RU190218U1 (ru) * 2019-04-17 2019-06-24 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Донской государственный технический университет" (ДГТУ) Конструкция усиления железобетонной многопустотной плиты перекрытия
CN111608418B (zh) * 2020-05-26 2021-08-03 华中科技大学 一种带嵌入式锚固装置的frp筋及其应用方法
CN112360179A (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-02-12 郑州大学 一种预应力frp片材加固钢筋混凝土梁的施工方法
CN115182616A (zh) * 2022-08-08 2022-10-14 甘肃建投建设有限公司 一种适用于钢筋混凝土悬挑板的frp筋抗弯加固方法

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EP3168384A1 (de) * 2014-07-09 2017-05-17 Faculdade De Ciências E Tecnologia Da Universidade Strukturelles verstärkungssystem mit intern durch haftung verankerten verstärkungen

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JP2003003674A (ja) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-08 Shimizu Corp コンクリート部材の補強構造及び補強工法
JP2012207387A (ja) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-25 Misawa Homes Co Ltd 木材の補強構造

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EP3168384A1 (de) * 2014-07-09 2017-05-17 Faculdade De Ciências E Tecnologia Da Universidade Strukturelles verstärkungssystem mit intern durch haftung verankerten verstärkungen

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