EP3314573A1 - Procédé de segmentation d'image - Google Patents
Procédé de segmentation d'imageInfo
- Publication number
- EP3314573A1 EP3314573A1 EP16742345.8A EP16742345A EP3314573A1 EP 3314573 A1 EP3314573 A1 EP 3314573A1 EP 16742345 A EP16742345 A EP 16742345A EP 3314573 A1 EP3314573 A1 EP 3314573A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image
- patterns
- pixels
- line
- lines
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/155—Segmentation; Edge detection involving morphological operators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30248—Vehicle exterior or interior
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of visual control of manufactured products whose outer surface has elements in relief.
- This invention can be applied in particular, but not exclusively to products having periodic patterns, for example tires.
- different means of illumination and digital imaging are used to acquire images, for subsequent digital processing to detect imperfections previously detected visually by operators.
- These imaging means make it possible to take different images, whether in two dimensions or in three dimensions, of the inner and / or outer surface of the tire to be inspected.
- the present invention is therefore to provide a segmentation solution to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the present invention is therefore to provide a method for segmenting an image of the outer surface of a manufactured product so as to distinguish the areas of the image having patterns in relief, other areas.
- the present invention relates to a method of segmenting an image, representative of a manufactured product whose outer surface has patterns in relief, in a first zone having patterns and a second zone not comprising the method comprising the following steps:
- the method comprises an initial step in which it performs a flattening of the image.
- this step of flattening the image comprises a step of detecting a carrier signal on which the patterns are based. To do this, we realize a simple moving average along the lines: at each pixel of the cleaned image we calculates the average of the neighboring pixels (located within a certain distance) and located on the same line; we then subtract this value from the pixel.
- the operation consists in calculating, in a horizontal window of size 2r +1 centered on the pixel (x; y), (considering the specificity of recollement of the right and left edges, expressed by the minimum), the average pixels, and to subtract the latter from the value of the pixel (and this repeated for all the pixels of the image).
- the segmentation method of the present invention could also be used on images representing all types of objects, and not necessarily tires.
- the flattening step would not necessarily prove useful, since it is made necessary in the case of a tire due to the rounded shape of the object.
- the next step of the method consists in performing a thresholding operation, in order to transform the flat image, which is in gray levels, into a binary threshold image. This makes it possible to create an output mask comprising a first set of pixels containing the patterns, and a second set of pixels comprising the other elements.
- the first two consist in calculating on the one hand the average of the gray levels of all the pixels of the row (respectively of the column) on which is a pixel, on the other hand the standard deviation, and of add up these two values.
- the third criterion consists in verifying that the pixel belongs to a valid line, that is to say a line that is not too close to the top or the bottom of the image; or a line which does not contain too many outliers, or a line that is not too close to a line containing a large number of outliers.
- This detection step is performed as follows:
- the variance of the gray levels of the pixels not belonging to the binary threshold image is calculated, which amounts to excluding the possible patterns
- the calculation is carried out a second time by horizontally expanding the threshold image, which amounts to excluding more pixels from the calculation.
- the ratio between the two variance values calculated in this way is then carried out. If this ratio becomes greater than a predetermined threshold, it will be considered that the line has a streak.
- this pattern detection step is only useful for certain types of manufactured objects. Indeed, in the case where the patterns are present only on a portion of the product, it is necessary to detect, on an image representing the product, the lines that actually contain patterns.
- the next step in a method according to the invention is to evaluate the number of patterns on each line.
- the input image will be chosen as the flat image or the thresholded image.
- a maximum of the decomposed image does not correspond to a desired period of the patterns, but to a harmonic, that is to say a value due to a group of patterns. which is repeated regularly in the image. Therefore it is useful in a particular embodiment to look at the fractions of the determined maximum to detect possible candidates for the pattern period.
- the best components that can be patterns are detected in the thresholded image and they are retained in a result set. To do this, we go through the related components of the thresholded image by decreasing size, and we retain them if two conditions are met:
- the related component if it was added to the result set, must not result in a row of the thresholded image having a number of elements in the result set. greater than the number of patterns detected in the previous step, and
- a method according to the invention also comprises the following steps:
- a step of reassessing the number of patterns in the image and a step of filtering the determined set of pixels, as a function of the number of reevaluated patterns, to obtain a second set of pixels of the image.
- a method according to the invention further comprises a step during which one completes empty spaces of the image to obtain a third set of pixels of the image.
- a method according to the invention comprises a step in which is eliminated, the third set of pixels, supernumerary components to obtain a fourth set of pixels of the image representing patterns.
- the objective of this step is to remove these peaks value.
- a morphological opening is used, which consists of removing all the narrow mountains, whatever their altitude, followed by a morphological closure which consists of removing all the narrow canyons, whatever their depth.
- the opening operation consists firstly in replacing the value of each pixel of the image by the minimum value of the pixels located in a certain neighborhood, then in starting the operation again, this time taking the value Max.
- the closing operation consists in performing the same two operations, but in the opposite direction (first the maximum value, then the minimum value).
- the chosen neighborhood consists of the set of pixels located on the same line, that the pixel studied (it is called opening and closing by a linear structuring element) and at a distance less than a certain threshold.
- a threshold value is chosen to eliminate, on each line, mountains and canyons of small size.
- this choice of radius must represent a compromise between a value too low that would not allow a proper cleaning, and too high a value that could lead to the removal of some elements of interest reasons.
- the cleaned image will be:
- the flattening step is performed using an AvgSub operation.
- the calculation of the thresholded image is performed as follows:
- a function is built that allows to assign a label to each line y of the input image. If we consider an input mask PNM, representing the outliers of the input image (the outlier pixels are at A, and the others are at 0, and we proceed in two steps: first, defining a first temporary unidimensional image, of the same size as the height of the input images, and such that:
- the first condition makes it possible to mark as invalid the first ten and the last lines of the image
- the second condition makes it possible to mark as invalid all the lines having more than 5% of pixels marked as aberrant in the PNM image.
- This formula outputs a mask of size equal to the size of the input images, and where a pixel will be present if it is on a valid line (first condition), if its value is greater than the average plus the standard deviation pixels in the same line as him
- the step of detecting lines with streaks is performed as follows:
- the variance ratio threshold which acts as a limit is 1.5: if the min value Ratio is greater than this threshold, then we consider that the streaks are present on all the lines of the image, if the max ratio is less than this ratio, so the image has no streaks.
- the final Line2 image which assigns the final label of each line of the input image, is a mix between Line and a cleaned version of Ligne2_tmp.
- the Line2 image that assigns a label to each line of the input image is composed by mixing the line and
- Ligne2_tmp If all lines have a satisfactory variance ratio (greater than 1.5), then the streaks are present over the entire height of the image and Line2 will be a copy of Line. Otherwise, if only certain lines have a satisfactory variance ratio, then Line2 is equal to a cleaned version of Ligne2_tmp except for lines with too many outliers, where the NOTOK PNM Line label is copied (this operation is carried out thanks to the use of the minimum);
- Ligne2_tmp to widen the labels of the strapless lines and to include, as a precaution, these "fuzzy" areas as strapless lines.
- the step of evaluating the number of streaks on each line is preferably carried out as follows:
- the variance of each of the columns of an input input image which is, according to the embodiment, the flat flat image or the threshold threshold image, is calculated. This calculation is performed excluding, thanks to Ligne2, the elements located on lines of no streaks. In addition, erosion of the Line2 elements is carried out in advance to remove valid line tags from these areas:
- the image Var_col thus obtained is a one-dimensional image of the same size as the width of the input images. We see that this image has a repeating pattern as many times as there are streaks in the image. We will then perform a Fourier analysis of this image Var_col to find the number of striations present on each line of the image. This calculation is as follows:
- the size of the image F is equal to the largest power of two strictly less than L (Input) plus 1. Thus, for images 40,000 pixels wide, F is 32769 pixels.
- the image F is such that a peak on F (1000) means that there is, in the image, a pattern locating every 1000 pixels. Therefore, it is useful to look for the peaks of F.
- a geodesic reconstruction of an image D in F3 is then carried out in order to recover the carrier signal which can then be suppressed.
- the image D is an image of the same size as the image F3, having the value in all points except the abscissa 0 where it is F3 (0).
- the step of detecting the best candidates of the binary image is performed as follows:
- the candidate set is then constructed by adding the elements of S if they do not conflict with the elements already added in Candidate. For this, we build a sequence of sets R: Finally, the present invention provides a method implementing a number of original features compared to known solutions of the state of the art.
- the means for detecting the lines of the image where patterns are present are different from the known solutions, since the principle of taking a mask of candidate pixels to belong to patterns, and to observe how the variance (calculated excluding the elements of this mask) evolves according to the expansion of this mask, is original. Indeed, in the present invention, looking for relief elements that cause a shadow projected on the image, and detecting the lines of the image having patterns by trying to detect the lines having a drop shadow.
- the present invention aims to propose a method for dividing the lines of the image into two categories: those where patterns are present, and those that do not. It has been found that the known solutions, namely the conventional approach of minimizing intra class variance or maximizing inter-class variance, do not work (especially since classes can have strong variances). In the present invention, means are used to equalize the class variances using a linear time algorithm, which overcomes the disadvantage of known solutions.
- the first lies in the fact of making a Fourier transform not on each line of the image, as presented in the known solutions, but on a signal in one dimension, representative of the lines of the image.
- This signal is obtained by calculating the variance of each column of the image: thanks to the relief of the patterns and their drop shadow, we obtain a signal with the same period as the patterns of the image. This solution makes it possible to reduce the calculation times implemented.
- the second element comes from the fact of carrying out morphological operations on the results of the Fourier transform in order to clean it of parasitic elements which could distort the result obtained.
- a method according to the invention implements, for the selection of the best candidate components that may belong to a streak, a series of placement operations then removal of the candidates by decreasing as and when constraints on their position. This pattern of decreasing constraints as it goes is the opposite of all the solutions of the state of the art which generally consist in increasing the constraints over time.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1556080A FR3038110B1 (fr) | 2015-06-29 | 2015-06-29 | Procede de segmentation d'image |
PCT/FR2016/051599 WO2017001765A1 (fr) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-06-28 | Procédé de segmentation d'image |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3314573A1 true EP3314573A1 (fr) | 2018-05-02 |
Family
ID=54329697
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16742345.8A Withdrawn EP3314573A1 (fr) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-06-28 | Procédé de segmentation d'image |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180197293A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3314573A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN107851317A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3038110B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017001765A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110148149B (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2024-01-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) | 基于局部对比度累积的水中航行器热尾迹分割方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7369956B2 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2008-05-06 | Commercial Time Sharing, Inc. | System for testing tire sidewall irregularities and related methods |
FR2959046B1 (fr) * | 2010-04-19 | 2012-06-15 | Michelin Soc Tech | Methode de controle de l'aspect de la surface d'un pneumatique |
FR2974219A1 (fr) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-10-19 | Michelin Soc Tech | Analyse de l'image numerique de la surface externe d'un pneumatique - traitement des points de fausse mesure |
FR2975523B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-19 | 2015-09-25 | Michelin Soc Tech | Methode de determination des elements en relief presents sur la surface d'un pneumatique |
FR2975524B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-19 | 2013-05-17 | Michelin Soc Tech | Methode de determination des marquages en relief presents sur la surface exterieure du flanc d'un pneumatique |
JP5956782B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-26 | 2016-07-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | 撮像素子及び撮像装置 |
-
2015
- 2015-06-29 FR FR1556080A patent/FR3038110B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-06-28 CN CN201680038368.4A patent/CN107851317A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-06-28 US US15/736,574 patent/US20180197293A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-06-28 EP EP16742345.8A patent/EP3314573A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-06-28 WO PCT/FR2016/051599 patent/WO2017001765A1/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017001765A1 (fr) | 2017-01-05 |
FR3038110A1 (fr) | 2016-12-30 |
FR3038110B1 (fr) | 2017-08-11 |
CN107851317A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
US20180197293A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
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