EP3314184A1 - Method for sintering carbon bodies in a furnace device - Google Patents

Method for sintering carbon bodies in a furnace device

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Publication number
EP3314184A1
EP3314184A1 EP16734577.6A EP16734577A EP3314184A1 EP 3314184 A1 EP3314184 A1 EP 3314184A1 EP 16734577 A EP16734577 A EP 16734577A EP 3314184 A1 EP3314184 A1 EP 3314184A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
chamber
graphite
carbon bodies
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16734577.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Leisenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3314184A1 publication Critical patent/EP3314184A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/20—Graphite
    • C01B32/21—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/04—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge of single-chamber type with temporary partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F27B9/021—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces having two or more parallel tracks
    • F27B9/022—With two tracks moving in opposite directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/243—Endless-strand conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/26—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on or in trucks, sleds, or containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0068—Containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/007—Cooling of charges therein

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for sintering carbon bodies in a furnace device having at least a first furnace chamber for receiving the carbon body accommodated in a packing material, wherein the carbon bodies between lateral chamber walls of the furnace chamber are arranged, and the furnace chamber for forming a preheating zone, with a a heater provided heating zone and a cooling zone is used.
  • the refractory material with which the oven chambers are lined must be heated in each case. This considerable mass reduces the energy balance of the ring furnace. In addition, the periodic heating and cooling load on the furnace body and leads to a corresponding wear of the refractory material, so that an exchange of the refractory material in about 7 to 10-year intervals is necessary.
  • the carbon bodies are embedded in a packing material formed regularly of calcined petroleum coke, which performs substantially three different functions during the sintering process, namely shielding from the ambient air as protection against oxidation, permeability to exhaust from the carbon bodies during the heating in the warming zone escaping volatiles, in particular hydrocarbons, and especially a heat transfer from the chamber walls of the furnace chamber to the carbon body.
  • the relatively poor thermal conductivity of the packing material of about 0.3 W / mK leads to a drop in the packing material of up to more than one hundred Kelvin. As a result, the possible heat transfer and thus the kiln power is limited and worsened in addition by increased exhaust gas temperatures, the energy efficiency of the ring furnace.
  • a furnace device which makes possible a continuous sintering process in which, as is known, for example, from WO 99/06779, the carbon bodies formed here as green anodes are conveyed together with the packing material surrounding the carbon bodies through a vertical furnace channel.
  • the promotion of the carbon body through the furnace channel takes place as Gravity production, wherein an anode column formed from a plurality of anodes is lowered continuously and in each case a lowermost sintered anode is removed from the anode column and subsequently a green anode is added as the top anode of the anode column.
  • a substantially vertical arrangement also results for the likewise conveyed packing material.
  • the heating zone subsequent cooling zone results in consequence of the maximum compression of the packing material and the abrasive effect of the usually consisting of calcined packing packing material increased wear of the surface of the channel wall, so that in particular in the cooling zone premature renewal of the channel walls forming Refractory material is required.
  • the vertical orientation of the furnace channel of the known furnace device with the anodes stacked stacked anodes causes overheating of the top anodes in the preheating, so that for setting a desired anode temperature in the preheating additional cooling is required, which is disadvantageous to the Energy efficiency of the continuous process.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to propose a method which allows a comparatively wear-free and at the same time energy-efficient operation of the furnace device.
  • the inventive method has the features of claim 1.
  • a packing material formed at least partially from a material which is highly heat-conductive is used.
  • the packing material is at least partially formed from a graphite material.
  • the packing material is predominantly formed from a graphite material.
  • a graphite material is particularly suitable for economic
  • the graphite material used is material composed of electrode residues of, for example, electrodes used in the production of stainless steel, which is preferably granulated.
  • the packing height of the packing material can be essentially limited to the height of the carbon bodies, so that the unwanted compression effects already described above are avoided.
  • the heat conduction can be avoided within the series arrangement. Due to the particular compared to the calcined petroleum coke usually used as a packing material significantly better sliding properties of the packing material, which is at least partially formed from a graphite material and is conveyed together with the carbon bodies, hardly resulting abrasion effects by the packing material on the surface of the furnace channel.
  • a substantial increase in energy efficiency compared to the described continuous sintering method can be achieved if a second series arrangement of carbon bodies through a furnace channel of a second furnace chamber adjacent to the first furnace chamber is conveyed parallel to and counter to the conveying direction of the first conveying device by means of a second conveying device wherein a furnace channel of the first furnace chamber is separated from the furnace channel of the second furnace chamber by a heat-transferring chamber wall, such that a heating zone of the first furnace chamber of a cooling zone opposite the second furnace chamber is arranged, and via the chamber wall, a heat transfer between the cooling zone and the preheating zone takes place.
  • a direct heat transfer takes place via the packing material and the chamber wall between the carbon bodies arranged on the first conveying device and the carbon bodies arranged on the second conveying device.
  • the heat transfer takes place by means of a refractory material of the wall elements of the chamber wall, whose ceramic mass comprises silicon carbide or graphite
  • the heat transfer takes place by means of a highly thermally conductive material core accommodated in wall elements of the chamber wall in a jacket of refractory material.
  • the thermal resistance is significantly reduced by the thermally conductive material core, which is preferably made of graphite.
  • a heat transfer medium from the wall elements a heat transfer medium is passed through flow channels formed in the wall elements, which form a preferably meandering channel in the chamber wall, it is possible to adjust the heat conductivity, ie the heat flow in the wall, to a low oven performance and higher Services dissipate the excess heat through the heat transfer medium in the flow channel.
  • air is used as the heat transfer medium, it is for example possible to supply the thus heated air as combustion air of the heating zone.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial view of a furnace device in an isometric view
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the furnace device shown in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial view of a furnace device in an isometric view
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a furnace device designed as a countercurrent furnace
  • FIG. 4 shows a representation of an energy balance of a furnace device operated as a countercurrent furnace
  • Fig. 5 a wall element of a chamber wall
  • FIG. 6 shows a wall element in a further embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows a chamber wall formed from a plurality of wall elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows a portion of a furnace channel 14 of a furnace device 10 with a furnace chamber 1 1, the lateral chamber walls 12, 13 form the furnace channel 14.
  • the furnace chamber 1 1 has a chamber floor designed as a conveyor 15, are arranged on the carbon body 16 in a series arrangement 1 7.
  • the conveying device 15 forming the chamber bottom is composed of a multiplicity of kiln cars 18 arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the kiln channel 14, which form a substantially continuously formed surface of the chamber bottom in the longitudinal direction of the kiln channel 14 and are in each case arranged in an am Bottom trained rail guide 19 for a longitudinal feed of the kiln cars 1 8 are performed in the furnace channel 14.
  • the illustration of the oven device 10 in Fig. 1 shows only a longitudinal section of the furnace channel 14 of the furnace device, which in the present case is a preheating zone 20 of the furnace channel 14 subdivided into a preheating zone V, a heating zone H and a cooling zone A, as in FIG Fig. 3 is shown in a schematic representation of a designed as a mating device furnace device 10.
  • the furnace device 10 has, in addition to the furnace channel 14, a further furnace channel 20, which is formed, in particular, by adding a further chamber wall 21 to the chamber walls 12, 13 for forming a further furnace chamber 40.
  • the second furnace channel 20 is provided with a conveyor 22 which is designed as a counter-conveying device and allows a feed of the kiln cars 1 8 opposite to the conveying direction of the first conveyor 15.
  • Both furnace channels 14 and 20 are provided opposite one another with a heating device, so that mutually opposite heating zones H are formed.
  • the kiln cars 1 8 are moved in the oven channel 14 from right to left through the oven channel 14 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, so that an initial portion of the oven channel 14, the preheating V formed.
  • the carbon bodies 16 After passing through the heating zone H, the carbon bodies 16 reach the kiln car 1 8 into the cooling zone A and are finally conveyed out of the kiln channel 14.
  • the carbon bodies 16 In the oven channel 20 parallel to the furnace channel 20, the carbon bodies 16 are moved through from left to right, so that opposite the cooling zone A of the furnace channel 14, the preheating zone V of the furnace channel 20 is formed and after passing the heating zone H, the carbon body 16 in the cooling zone A at the right end enter the furnace channel 20.
  • the operation of the oven device 10 with counter-conveying conveyor devices 15 and 22 causes due to the opposing arrangement of cooling zones A and preheating V the process-related temperature gradient in the opposing zones allows effective cooling or heating of the carbon body 16 without a external energy supply is necessary.
  • the particular energy efficiency of the oven device 10 is further supported by the fact that as a packing material 23, which for receiving the Carbon body 16 is used, an at least partially formed of a graphite material packing material 23 is used, which, as shown in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, the carbon body 16 receives shielded from the ambient air. As shown particularly in FIG.
  • the packing material 23, which is in direct contact with both the carbon bodies 16 and the surface of the chamber walls 12, 13, allows heat transfer by conduction, with the particular thermal conductivity of the packing material 23 depending on the size the proportion of graphite material is up to three times the thermal conductivity of petroleum coke, a particularly good heat transfer between the chamber walls 12, 13, which are provided with flow channels 24 for guiding hot gases, and the carbon bodies 16 allows.
  • the chamber walls 12, 13 constructed of wall elements 25, in which the flow channels 24, as exemplified in Fig. 5, thereby formed are that in a cavity 26 of the wall member 25, a material core 27 is inserted from graphite, which divides the cavity 26 in the flow channels 24.
  • the wall element 25 shown in FIG. 5 is thus essentially formed from a graphite body inserted into a jacket 28 made of refractory material.
  • FIG. 4 qualitatively shows the energy balance achievable with a pack material 23, which is formed as graphite granules, and FIG The heat recovery thus covers about 80% of the required heating energy, the heater of the furnace is operated exclusively with volatile hydrocarbons from the carbon bodies as a fuel.
  • the exhaust air temperature is so high that it can also be used to cover the heating energy for the carbon bodies 16 formed as anodes, for example for heating a kneading mixer, which mixes the paste of calcined coke and pitch for the anodes. So the stove does not need any primary energy but works exothermically.
  • FIG. 6 shows a wall element 30 which, embedded in a jacket 3 1 made of a refractory material, has a core 32 made of graphite.
  • the refractory material consists of a ceramic mass which comprises silicon carbide and / or graphite for increasing the thermal conductivity.
  • a flow channel 33 is formed in the refractory material of the shell 3 1, a flow channel 33 is formed.
  • a plurality of wall elements 30 can be combined in a row arrangement to form a chamber wall, such that the flow channels 33 of the individual wall elements 30 are connected to one another via manifolds 35 in order to form a meandering wall channel 34. Similar to the flow channels 33 and the manifold can deviate from the simplified representation in
  • Fig. 7 may be arranged in correspondingly formed wall elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for sintering carbon bodies (16) in a furnace device having at least one first furnace chamber (11) for accommodating the carbon bodies, which are accommodated in a packing material (23), wherein the carbon bodies are arranged between side chamber walls (12, 13, 21) of the furnace chamber, and the furnace chamber serves to form a pre-heating zone V, a heating zone H provided with a heating device, and a cooling zone A, wherein a packing material (23) at least partially formed of a highly thermally conductive material is used.

Description

Verfahren zum Sintern von Kohlenstoffkörpern in einer Ofeneinrichtung  Process for sintering carbon bodies in a furnace device
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Sintern von Kohlenstoffkörpern in einer Ofeneinrichtung mit zumindest einer ersten Ofenkammer zur Aufnahme der in einem Packungsmaterial aufgenommenen Kohlenstoffkörper, wobei die Kohlenstoffkörper zwischen seitlichen Kammerwänden der Ofenkammer angeordnet werden, und die Ofenkam- mer zur Ausbildung einer Vorwärmzone, einer mit einer Heizeinrichtung versehenen Heizzone und einer Abkühlzone dient. The present invention relates to a method for sintering carbon bodies in a furnace device having at least a first furnace chamber for receiving the carbon body accommodated in a packing material, wherein the carbon bodies between lateral chamber walls of the furnace chamber are arranged, and the furnace chamber for forming a preheating zone, with a a heater provided heating zone and a cooling zone is used.
Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art werden in unterschiedlichen Ofeneinrichtungen ausgeführt, wobei die sicherlich am meisten verbreitete Anwendung des Verfahrens in sogenannten Ringöfen stattfindet, in denen die Kohlenstoffkörper stationär in der Ofeneinrichtung angeordnet sind und die Aufteilung der Ofeneinrichtung in eine Vorwärmzone, eine Heizzone und einer Abkühlzone dadurch erfolgt, dass eine häufig als Ofenfeuer bezeichnete mobile Heizeinrichtung in ihrer Relativanordnung gegenüber einer Mehrzahl von Ofenkammern verändert wird. Dabei erfolgt eine periodische Aufheizung und Abkühlung der j eweiligen Processes of the type mentioned are carried out in different furnaces, the certainly most widespread application of the method takes place in so-called ring furnaces in which the carbon bodies are arranged stationary in the furnace device and the division of the furnace device in a preheating zone, a heating zone and a cooling zone thereby in that a mobile heating device frequently referred to as a furnace fire is changed in its relative arrangement with respect to a plurality of furnace chambers. There is a periodic heating and cooling of the j eweiligen
Abschnitte der Ofenkammer zwischen Raumtemperatur und bis zu Portions of the furnace chamber between room temperature and up to
1300 °C . 1300 ° C.
Das Feuerfestmaterial, mit dem die Ofenkammern ausgekleidet sind, muss j eweils mit aufgeheizt werden. Diese erhebliche Masse ver- schlechtert die Energiebilanz des Ringofens . Darüber hinaus belastet die periodische Aufheizung und Abkühlung den Ofenkörper und führt zu einem entsprechenden Verschleiß des Feuerfestmaterials, so dass ein Austausch des Feuerfestmaterials in etwa 7-bis 10-Jahres-Intervallen notwendig ist. Während ihrer Anordnung in den Ofenkammern sind die Kohlenstoffkörper in einem regelmäßig aus calciniertem Petrolkoks gebildeten Packungsmaterial eingebettet, das im Wesentlichen drei unterschiedliche Funktionen während des Sinterprozesses erfüllt, nämlich eine Abschirmung gegenüber der Umgebungsluft als Schutz gegen Oxydation, eine Permeabilität zur Abführung von aus den Kohlenstoffkörpern während des Aufheizens in der Aufwärmzone entweichenden flüchtigen Bestandteilen, insbesondere Kohlenwasserstoffe, und vor allem eine Wärmeübertragung von den Kammerwänden der Ofenkammer auf die Kohlenstoffkörper. Die relativ schlechte Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Packungsmaterials von etwa 0,3 W/mK führt zu einem Temperaturabfall am Packungsmaterial von bis zu über hundert Kelvin. Hierdurch wird die mögliche Wärmeübertragung und damit die Ofenleistung begrenzt und verschlechtert zusätzlich durch erhöhte Abgastemperaturen die Energieeffizienz des Ringofens. Des Weiteren ist eine Ofeneinrichtung bekannt, die ein kontinuierliches Sinterverfahren ermöglicht, bei dem, wie es beispielsweise aus der WO 99/06779 bekannt ist, die hier als grüne Anoden ausgebildeten Kohlenstoffkörper zusammen mit dem die Kohlenstoffkörper umgebenden Packungsmaterial durch einen vertikalen Ofenkanal gefördert werden. Die Förderung der Kohlenstoffkörper durch den Ofenkanal erfolgt als Schwerkraftförderung, wobei eine aus einer Mehrzahl von Anoden ausgebildete Anodensäule kontinuierlich abgesenkt wird und j eweils eine unterste gesinterte Anode aus der Anodensäule entfernt wird und nachfolgend eine grüne Anode als oberste Anode der Anodensäule hinzuge- fügt wird. Entsprechend der vertikalen Anordnung der Anoden in einer Anodensäule ergibt sich auch für das ebenfalls geförderte Packungsmaterial eine im Wesentlichen vertikale Anordnung. The refractory material with which the oven chambers are lined must be heated in each case. This considerable mass reduces the energy balance of the ring furnace. In addition, the periodic heating and cooling load on the furnace body and leads to a corresponding wear of the refractory material, so that an exchange of the refractory material in about 7 to 10-year intervals is necessary. During their assembly in the furnace chambers, the carbon bodies are embedded in a packing material formed regularly of calcined petroleum coke, which performs substantially three different functions during the sintering process, namely shielding from the ambient air as protection against oxidation, permeability to exhaust from the carbon bodies during the heating in the warming zone escaping volatiles, in particular hydrocarbons, and especially a heat transfer from the chamber walls of the furnace chamber to the carbon body. The relatively poor thermal conductivity of the packing material of about 0.3 W / mK leads to a drop in the packing material of up to more than one hundred Kelvin. As a result, the possible heat transfer and thus the kiln power is limited and worsened in addition by increased exhaust gas temperatures, the energy efficiency of the ring furnace. Furthermore, a furnace device is known which makes possible a continuous sintering process in which, as is known, for example, from WO 99/06779, the carbon bodies formed here as green anodes are conveyed together with the packing material surrounding the carbon bodies through a vertical furnace channel. The promotion of the carbon body through the furnace channel takes place as Gravity production, wherein an anode column formed from a plurality of anodes is lowered continuously and in each case a lowermost sintered anode is removed from the anode column and subsequently a green anode is added as the top anode of the anode column. Corresponding to the vertical arrangement of the anodes in an anode column, a substantially vertical arrangement also results for the likewise conveyed packing material.
Insbesondere in der unteren, der Heizzone nachfolgenden Abkühlzone ergibt sich in Folge der maximalen Kompression des Packungsmaterials und der abrasiven Wirkung des üblicherweise aus calciniertem Koks bestehenden Packungsmaterials ein erhöhter Verschleiß der Oberfläche der Kanalwandung, so dass insbesondere in der Abkühlzone eine vorzeitige Erneuerung des die Kanalwände ausbildenden Feuerfestmaterials erforderlich wird. Darüber hinaus bedingt die vertikale Ausrichtung des Ofenkanals der bekannten Ofeneinrichtung mit den zu einer Anodensäule aufeinanderge- stapelten Anoden eine Überhitzung der obersten Anoden in der Vorwärmzone, so dass zur Einstellung einer gewünschten Anodentemperatur in der Vorwärmzone eine zusätzliche Kühlung erforderlich wird, die sich nachteilig auf die Energieeffizienz des kontinuierlichen Verfahrens auswirkt. In particular, in the lower, the heating zone subsequent cooling zone results in consequence of the maximum compression of the packing material and the abrasive effect of the usually consisting of calcined packing packing material increased wear of the surface of the channel wall, so that in particular in the cooling zone premature renewal of the channel walls forming Refractory material is required. In addition, the vertical orientation of the furnace channel of the known furnace device with the anodes stacked stacked anodes causes overheating of the top anodes in the preheating, so that for setting a desired anode temperature in the preheating additional cooling is required, which is disadvantageous to the Energy efficiency of the continuous process.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren vorzuschlagen, das einen vergleichsweise verschleißfreien und zugleich energieeffizienten Betrieb der Ofeneinrichtung ermöglicht. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe weist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 auf. The invention is therefore based on the object to propose a method which allows a comparatively wear-free and at the same time energy-efficient operation of the furnace device. To solve this problem, the inventive method has the features of claim 1.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein zumindest anteilig aus einem hoch wärmeleit- fähigen Werkstoff gebildetes Packungsmaterial verwendet. Die insbesondere im Vergleich zu calciniertem Petrolkoks wesentlich besseren Wärmeleiteigenschaften eines aus einem hoch wärmeleitfähigen Werkstoff gebildeten Packungsmaterials, führen unabhängig von der Art der j eweils eingesetzten Ofeneinrichtung zu einer verbesserten Energie- bilanz des Verfahrens . According to the invention, a packing material formed at least partially from a material which is highly heat-conductive is used. The significantly improved heat conduction properties of a packing material formed of a highly thermally conductive material, in particular compared to calcined petroleum coke, lead to an improved energy balance of the process, regardless of the type of furnace equipment used in each case.
Vorzugsweise ist das Packungsmaterial zumindest anteilig aus einem Graphitwerkstoff gebildet. Preferably, the packing material is at least partially formed from a graphite material.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Packungsmaterial überwiegend aus einem Graphitwerkstoff gebildet ist. Als Graphitwerkstoff eignet sich insbesondere aus wirtschaftlichenIt is particularly advantageous if the packing material is predominantly formed from a graphite material. As a graphite material is particularly suitable for economic
Erwägungen ein Kunstgraphit oder Kunstgraphitgranulat, der bzw. das auch aus einem graphitierten Petrolkoks bestehen kann. Considerations an artificial graphite or graphite graphite granules, which may also consist of a graphitized petroleum coke.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn als Graphitwerkstoff Material aus Elektrodenresten von beispielsweise bei der Edelstahlherstellung einge- setzten Elektroden verwendet wird, der vorzugsweise granuliert ist. It is particularly advantageous if the graphite material used is material composed of electrode residues of, for example, electrodes used in the production of stainless steel, which is preferably granulated.
Als gegenüber dem beschriebenen kontinuierlichen Sinterverfahren besonders vorteilhaft erweist sich, wenn die Kohlenstoffkörper zusammen mit dem zumindest anteilig aus einem Graphitwerkstoff gebildeten Packungsmaterial in einer Reihenanordnung horizontal durch einen zwischen den Kammerwänden der Ofenkammer ausgebildeten Ofenkanal gefördert werden, derart, dass die Reihenanordnung der Kohlenstoffkörper mittels der Fördereinrichtung sukzessive durch die Vorwärmzone A, die Heizzone H und die Abkühlzone A gefördert wird. As compared to the described continuous sintering method is particularly advantageous, when the carbon bodies are conveyed together with the at least partially formed from a graphite material packing material in a row horizontally through a formed between the chamber walls of the furnace chamber furnace furnace proves such that the series arrangement of the carbon body by means of the conveyor successively through the preheating A, the heating zone H and the cooling zone A is promoted.
Hierdurch kann die Packhöhe des Packungsmaterials im Wesentlichen auf die Höhe der Kohlenstoffkörper beschränkt werden, so dass die bereits eingangs beschriebenen unerwünschten Kompressionseffekte vermieden werden. Zudem kann durch Abstände zwischen den Kohlenstoffkörpern die Wärmeleitung innerhalb der Reihenanordnung vermieden werden. Aufgrund der insbesondere im Vergleich zu dem üblicherweise als Packungsmaterial verwendeten calcinierten Petrolkoks wesentlich besseren Gleiteigenschaften des Packungsmaterial, das zumindest anteilig aus einem Graphitwerkstoff gebildet ist und zusammen mit den Kohlenstoff- körpern gefördert wird, ergeben sich kaum Abrasionseffekte durch das Packungsmaterial an der Oberfläche des Ofenkanals . As a result, the packing height of the packing material can be essentially limited to the height of the carbon bodies, so that the unwanted compression effects already described above are avoided. In addition, by distances between the carbon bodies, the heat conduction can be avoided within the series arrangement. Due to the particular compared to the calcined petroleum coke usually used as a packing material significantly better sliding properties of the packing material, which is at least partially formed from a graphite material and is conveyed together with the carbon bodies, hardly resulting abrasion effects by the packing material on the surface of the furnace channel.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann eine wesentliche Steigerung der Energieeffizienz auch gegenüber dem beschriebenen kontinuierlichen Sinterverfahren erreicht werden, wenn parallel und entgegen der Förder- richtung der ersten Fördereinrichtung mittels einer zweiten Fördereinrichtung eine zweite Reihenanordnung von Kohlenstoffkörpern durch einen Ofenkanal einer zur ersten Ofenkammer benachbarten zweiten Ofenkammer gefördert wird, wobei ein Ofenkanal der ersten Ofenkammer von dem Ofenkanal der zweiten Ofenkammer durch eine wärme- übertragende Kammerwand getrennt ist, derart, dass eine Aufheizzone der ersten Ofenkammer einer Abkühlzone gegenüberliegend der zweiten Ofenkammer angeordnet ist, und über die Kammerwand eine Wärmeübertragung zwischen der Abkühlzone und der Vorwärmzone erfolgt. Somit erfolgt über das Packungsmaterial und die Kammerwand ein direkter Wärmeübergang zwischen den auf der ersten Fördereinrichtung angeordneten Kohlenstoffkörpern und den auf der zweiten Fördereinrichtung angeordneten Kohlenstoffkörpern. By means of the method according to the invention, a substantial increase in energy efficiency compared to the described continuous sintering method can be achieved if a second series arrangement of carbon bodies through a furnace channel of a second furnace chamber adjacent to the first furnace chamber is conveyed parallel to and counter to the conveying direction of the first conveying device by means of a second conveying device wherein a furnace channel of the first furnace chamber is separated from the furnace channel of the second furnace chamber by a heat-transferring chamber wall, such that a heating zone of the first furnace chamber of a cooling zone opposite the second furnace chamber is arranged, and via the chamber wall, a heat transfer between the cooling zone and the preheating zone takes place. Thus, a direct heat transfer takes place via the packing material and the chamber wall between the carbon bodies arranged on the first conveying device and the carbon bodies arranged on the second conveying device.
Zur Verbesserung der Wärmeübertragung ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Wärmeübertragung mittels eines Feuerfestmaterials der Wandelemente der Kammerwand erfolgt, dessen keramische Masse Siliziumcarbid oder Graphit aufweist To improve the heat transfer, it is advantageous if the heat transfer takes place by means of a refractory material of the wall elements of the chamber wall, whose ceramic mass comprises silicon carbide or graphite
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Wärmeübertragung mittels eines in Wandelementen der Kammerwand in einem Mantel aus Feuerfestmaterial aufgenommenen hoch wärmeleitfähigen Materialkern erfolgt. Gegenüber einer konventionellen aus feuerfesten Wandelementen aufgebauten Kammerwand, die einen erheblichen Wärmewiderstand aufweisen, ist durch den wärmeleitfähigen Materialkern, der vorzugsweise aus Graphit gebildet ist, der Wärmewiderstand erheblich reduziert. Wenn die Einstellung einer definierten Wärmeleitfähigkeit über die Formgebung des Materialkerns erfolgt, kann insbesondere in Kombination mit dem für das Packungsmaterial ausgewählten Werkstoff exakt der Wärmefluss eingestellt werden, der bei der durch die Brennkurve vorgegebenen Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem heißen und den dem kalten Kohlenstoffkörper die gewünschten Aufheiz- und Abkühlgradienten ergibt. It is particularly advantageous if the heat transfer takes place by means of a highly thermally conductive material core accommodated in wall elements of the chamber wall in a jacket of refractory material. Compared to a conventional constructed from refractory wall elements chamber wall, which have a considerable thermal resistance, the thermal resistance is significantly reduced by the thermally conductive material core, which is preferably made of graphite. If the setting of a defined thermal conductivity takes place via the shaping of the material core, it is possible, in particular in combination with the material selected for the packing material, to set exactly the heat flow which, at the temperature difference between the hot and the cold carbon body predetermined by the firing curve, achieves the desired heating flow. and cooling gradient.
Wenn zur Wärmeabführung aus den Wandelementen ein Wärmeträgermedium durch in den Wandelementen ausgebildete Strömungskanäle geleitet wird, die in der Kammerwand einen vorzugsweise meanderförmig verlaufenden Kanal ausbilden, ist es möglich, die Wärmeleitfähigkeit, also den Wärmefluss in der Wand, auf eine niedrige Ofenleistung einzustellen und bei höheren Leistungen die überschüssige Wärme über das Wärmeträgermedium im Strömungskanal abzuführen. If a heat transfer medium from the wall elements, a heat transfer medium is passed through flow channels formed in the wall elements, which form a preferably meandering channel in the chamber wall, it is possible to adjust the heat conductivity, ie the heat flow in the wall, to a low oven performance and higher Services dissipate the excess heat through the heat transfer medium in the flow channel.
Wenn als Wärmeträgermedium Luft verwendet wird, ist es beispielsweise möglich, die so aufgeheizte Luft als Verbrennungsluft der Heizzone zuzuführen. If air is used as the heat transfer medium, it is for example possible to supply the thus heated air as combustion air of the heating zone.
Nachfolgend wird eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sowie eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Ofeneinrichtung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Hereinafter, an embodiment of the method according to the invention and an embodiment of the furnace device according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 : eine Teildarstellung einer Ofeneinrichtung in isometrischer Ansicht; Fig. 2 : eine Querschnittsdarstellung der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ofeneinrichtung; 1 shows a partial view of a furnace device in an isometric view; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the furnace device shown in FIG. 1; FIG.
Fig. 3 : eine schematische Darstellung einer als Gegenlaufofen ausgebildeten Ofeneinrichtung; 3 shows a schematic representation of a furnace device designed as a countercurrent furnace;
Fig. 4 : eine Darstellung einer Energiebilanz einer als Gegenlaufofen betriebenen Ofeneinrichtung; 4 shows a representation of an energy balance of a furnace device operated as a countercurrent furnace;
Fig. 5 : ein Wandelement einer Kammerwand; Fig. 5: a wall element of a chamber wall;
Fig. 6 : ein Wandelement in einer weiteren Ausführungsform; 6 shows a wall element in a further embodiment;
Fig. 7: eine aus mehreren Wandelementen gebildete Kammer- wand. FIG. 7 shows a chamber wall formed from a plurality of wall elements. FIG.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Abschnitt eines Ofenkanals 14 einer Ofeneinrichtung 10 mit einer Ofenkammer 1 1 , deren seitliche Kammerwände 12, 13 den Ofenkanal 14 ausbilden. Die Ofenkammer 1 1 weist einen als Fördereinrichtung 15 ausgebildeten Kammerboden auf, auf dem Kohlenstoffkörper 16 in einer Reihenanordnung 1 7 angeordnet sind. Die den Kammerboden ausbildende Fördereinrichtung 15 ist im vorliegenden Fall aus einer Vielzahl von in Längsrichtung des Ofenkanals 14 einander nachfolgend angeordneten Ofenwagen 1 8 zusammengesetzt, die in Längsrichtung des Ofenkanals 14 eine im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich ausgebildete Ober- fläche des Kammerbodens ausbilden und j eweils in einer am Boden ausgebildeten Schienenführung 19 für einen Längsvorschub der Ofenwagen 1 8 im Ofenkanal 14 geführt sind. Fig. 1 shows a portion of a furnace channel 14 of a furnace device 10 with a furnace chamber 1 1, the lateral chamber walls 12, 13 form the furnace channel 14. The furnace chamber 1 1 has a chamber floor designed as a conveyor 15, are arranged on the carbon body 16 in a series arrangement 1 7. In the present case, the conveying device 15 forming the chamber bottom is composed of a multiplicity of kiln cars 18 arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the kiln channel 14, which form a substantially continuously formed surface of the chamber bottom in the longitudinal direction of the kiln channel 14 and are in each case arranged in an am Bottom trained rail guide 19 for a longitudinal feed of the kiln cars 1 8 are performed in the furnace channel 14.
Die Darstellung der Ofeneinrichtung 10 in Fig. 1 zeigt lediglich einen Längsabschnitt des Ofenkanals 14 der Ofeneinrichtung, wobei es sich im vorliegenden Fall um eine Vorwärmzone 20 des in eine Vorwärmzone V, in eine Heizzone H und eine Abkühlzone A unterteilten Ofenkanals 14 handelt, wie in Fig. 3 in einer schematischen Darstellung einer als Gegenlaufeinrichtung ausgebildeten Ofeneinrichtung 10 dargestellt. Wie weiter der Fig. 3 zu entnehmen ist, weist die Ofeneinrichtung 10 neben dem Ofenkanal 14 einen weiteren Ofenkanal 20 auf, der insbesondere dadurch ausgebildet ist, dass den Kammerwänden 12 , 13 zur Ausbildung einer weiteren Ofenkammer 40 noch eine weitere Kammerwand 21 hinzugefügt ist. Der zweite Ofenkanal 20 ist mit einer Fördereinrichtung 22 versehen, die als Gegenfördereinrichtung ausgebildet ist und einen Vorschub der Ofenwagen 1 8 entgegengesetzt zur Förderrichtung der ersten Fördereinrichtung 15 ermöglicht. Beide Ofenkanäle 14 und 20 sind einander gegenüberliegend mit einer Heizeinrichtung versehen, sodass entsprechend einander gegenüberliegende Heizzonen H ausgebildet sind. The illustration of the oven device 10 in Fig. 1 shows only a longitudinal section of the furnace channel 14 of the furnace device, which in the present case is a preheating zone 20 of the furnace channel 14 subdivided into a preheating zone V, a heating zone H and a cooling zone A, as in FIG Fig. 3 is shown in a schematic representation of a designed as a mating device furnace device 10. As 3, the furnace device 10 has, in addition to the furnace channel 14, a further furnace channel 20, which is formed, in particular, by adding a further chamber wall 21 to the chamber walls 12, 13 for forming a further furnace chamber 40. The second furnace channel 20 is provided with a conveyor 22 which is designed as a counter-conveying device and allows a feed of the kiln cars 1 8 opposite to the conveying direction of the first conveyor 15. Both furnace channels 14 and 20 are provided opposite one another with a heating device, so that mutually opposite heating zones H are formed.
Im Betrieb der Ofeneinrichtung 10 werden bei dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Ofenwagen 1 8 im Ofenkanal 14 von rechts nach links durch den Ofenkanal 14 bewegt, sodass ein Anfangsabschnitt des Ofenkanals 14 die Vorwärmzone V ausgebildet. Nach Passieren der Heizzone H gelangen die Kohlenstoffkörper 16 auf den Ofenwagen 1 8 in die Abkühlzone A und werden schließlich aus dem Ofenkanal 14 hinausbefördert. In dem zum Ofenkanal 14 parallelen Ofenkanal 20 werden die Kohlenstoffkörper 16 von links nach rechts hindurchbewegt, sodass gegenüberliegend der Abkühlzone A des Ofenkanals 14 die Vorwärmzone V des Ofenkanals 20 ausgebildet ist und nach Passieren der Heizzone H die Kohlenstoffkörper 16 in die Abkühlzone A am rechten Ende des Ofenkanals 20 gelangen. In the operation of the oven device 10, the kiln cars 1 8 are moved in the oven channel 14 from right to left through the oven channel 14 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, so that an initial portion of the oven channel 14, the preheating V formed. After passing through the heating zone H, the carbon bodies 16 reach the kiln car 1 8 into the cooling zone A and are finally conveyed out of the kiln channel 14. In the oven channel 20 parallel to the furnace channel 20, the carbon bodies 16 are moved through from left to right, so that opposite the cooling zone A of the furnace channel 14, the preheating zone V of the furnace channel 20 is formed and after passing the heating zone H, the carbon body 16 in the cooling zone A at the right end enter the furnace channel 20.
Der Betrieb der Ofeneinrichtung 10 mit gegenläufig fördernden Förder- einrichtungen 15 und 22 bewirkt, dass aufgrund der einander gegenüberliegenden Anordnung von Abkühlzonen A und Vorwärmzonen V das in den einander gegenüberliegenden Zonen verfahrensbedingte Temperaturgefälle eine effektive Abkühlung bzw. Aufwärmung der Kohlenstoffkörper 16 ermöglicht, ohne dass eine äußere Energiezufuhr notwendig ist. Die besondere Energieeffizienz der Ofeneinrichtung 10 wird noch dadurch unterstützt, dass als Packungsmaterial 23 , das zur Aufnahme der Kohlenstoffkörper 16 dient, ein zumindest anteilig aus einem Graphitwerkstoff gebildetes Packungsmaterial 23 verwendet wird, das, wie insbesondere in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellt ist, die Kohlenstoffkörper 16 abgeschirmt gegenüber der Umgebungsluft aufnimmt. Wie insbesondere Fig. 2 zeigt, ermöglicht das Packungsmaterial 23 , das in unmittelbarem Kontakt sowohl mit den Kohlenstoffkörpern 16 als auch mit der Oberfläche der Kammerwände 12 , 13 steht, einen Wärmeübergang durch Wärmeleitung, wobei die besondere Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Packungsmaterials 23 , die j e nach Größe des Anteils an Graphit- werkstoff bis zum Dreifachen der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Petrolkoks beträgt, einen besonders guten Wärmeübergang zwischen den Kammerwänden 12, 13 , die mit Strömungskanälen 24 zur Führung von Heizgasen versehen sind, und den Kohlenstoffkörpern 16 ermöglicht. The operation of the oven device 10 with counter-conveying conveyor devices 15 and 22 causes due to the opposing arrangement of cooling zones A and preheating V the process-related temperature gradient in the opposing zones allows effective cooling or heating of the carbon body 16 without a external energy supply is necessary. The particular energy efficiency of the oven device 10 is further supported by the fact that as a packing material 23, which for receiving the Carbon body 16 is used, an at least partially formed of a graphite material packing material 23 is used, which, as shown in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, the carbon body 16 receives shielded from the ambient air. As shown particularly in FIG. 2, the packing material 23, which is in direct contact with both the carbon bodies 16 and the surface of the chamber walls 12, 13, allows heat transfer by conduction, with the particular thermal conductivity of the packing material 23 depending on the size the proportion of graphite material is up to three times the thermal conductivity of petroleum coke, a particularly good heat transfer between the chamber walls 12, 13, which are provided with flow channels 24 for guiding hot gases, and the carbon bodies 16 allows.
Mit einem Materialkern 27 aus isotropem Graphit kann der Wärmewider- stand eines in Fig. 5 dargestellten Wandelementes 25 , das aus Festigkeitsgründen etwa 400 mm dick sein muss, praktisch auf den Wärmewiderstand der Keramikhülle reduziert werden. With a material core 27 made of isotropic graphite, the thermal resistance of a wall element 25 shown in FIG. 5, which for reasons of strength must be about 400 mm thick, can be practically reduced to the heat resistance of the ceramic shell.
Zur Erzielung eines besonders guten Wärmeübergangs zwischen den in Strömungskanälen 24 der Kammerwände 12, 13 strömenden Heizgasen und dem Packungsmaterial 23 sind die Kammerwände 12, 13 aus Wandelementen 25 aufgebaut, bei denen die Strömungskanäle 24 , so wie beispielhaft in Fig. 5 dargestellt, dadurch ausgebildet sind, dass in einen Hohlraum 26 des Wandelements 25 ein Materialkern 27 aus Graphit eingesetzt ist, der den Hohlraum 26 in die Strömungskanäle 24 aufteilt. Das in Fig. 5 dargestellte Wandelement 25 ist somit im Wesentlichen aus einem in einen Mantel 28 aus feuerfestem Material eingesetzten Graphitkörper gebildet. To achieve a particularly good heat transfer between the hot gases flowing in flow channels 24 of the chamber walls 12, 13 and the packing material 23, the chamber walls 12, 13 constructed of wall elements 25, in which the flow channels 24, as exemplified in Fig. 5, thereby formed are that in a cavity 26 of the wall member 25, a material core 27 is inserted from graphite, which divides the cavity 26 in the flow channels 24. The wall element 25 shown in FIG. 5 is thus essentially formed from a graphite body inserted into a jacket 28 made of refractory material.
Damit wird eine sehr hohe Rekuperationsrate von bis zu 80 % erreicht. Fig. 4 zeigt qualitativ die erzielbare Energiebilanz einer mit einem Pa- ckungsmaterial 23 , das als Graphitgranulat ausgebildet ist, und einer Kammerwand aus Wandelementen mit einem Materialkern aus Graphit betriebenen Ofeneinrichtung 10. Die Wärmerückgewinnung deckt demnach etwa 80 % der erforderlichen Aufheizenergie, wobei die Heizeinrichtung des Ofens ausschließlich mit flüchtigen Kohlenwasserstoffen aus den Kohlenstoffkörpern als Brennstoff betrieben wird. Dabei ist die Ablufttemperatur so hoch, dass damit auch die Heizenergie für die beispielsweise als Anoden ausgebildeten Kohlenstoffkörper 16, also etwa zur Beheizung eines Knetmischers, gedeckt werden kann, der die aus calciniertem Koks und Pech bestehende Paste für die Anoden mischt. Der Ofen benötigt also keine Primärenergie, sondern arbeitet exotherm. This achieves a very high recuperation rate of up to 80%. FIG. 4 qualitatively shows the energy balance achievable with a pack material 23, which is formed as graphite granules, and FIG The heat recovery thus covers about 80% of the required heating energy, the heater of the furnace is operated exclusively with volatile hydrocarbons from the carbon bodies as a fuel. In this case, the exhaust air temperature is so high that it can also be used to cover the heating energy for the carbon bodies 16 formed as anodes, for example for heating a kneading mixer, which mixes the paste of calcined coke and pitch for the anodes. So the stove does not need any primary energy but works exothermically.
Fig. 6 zeigt ein Wandelement 30, das in einem Mantel 3 1 aus einem Feuerfestmaterial eingebettet einen aus Graphit ausgebildeten Materialkern 32 aufweist. Das Feuerfestmaterial besteht aus einer keramischen Masse, die Siliziumcarbid oder/und Graphit zur Erhöhung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist. Im Feuerfestmaterial des Mantels 3 1 ist ein Strömungskanal 33 ausgebildet. FIG. 6 shows a wall element 30 which, embedded in a jacket 3 1 made of a refractory material, has a core 32 made of graphite. The refractory material consists of a ceramic mass which comprises silicon carbide and / or graphite for increasing the thermal conductivity. In the refractory material of the shell 3 1, a flow channel 33 is formed.
Wie Fig. 7 zeigt, können mehrere Wandelemente 30 in einer Reihenanordnung zu einer Kammerwand kombiniert werden, derart, dass die Strömungskanäle 33 der einzelnen Wandelemente 30 zur Ausbildung eines meanderförmig verlaufenden Wandkanals 34 über Krümmer 35 miteinander verbunden werden. Vergleichbar den Strömungskanälen 33 können auch die Krümmer abweichend von der vereinfachten Darstellung in As FIG. 7 shows, a plurality of wall elements 30 can be combined in a row arrangement to form a chamber wall, such that the flow channels 33 of the individual wall elements 30 are connected to one another via manifolds 35 in order to form a meandering wall channel 34. Similar to the flow channels 33 and the manifold can deviate from the simplified representation in
Fig. 7 in entsprechend ausgebildeten Wandelementen angeordnet sein. Fig. 7 may be arranged in correspondingly formed wall elements.

Claims

16. Juni 2016 16 June 2016
Prof. Dr. Ing. Wolfgang Leisenberg G/IOT-010-WO 61231 Bad Nauheim Tap/sam Prof. Dr. Ing. Wolfgang Leisenberg G / IOT-010-WO 61231 Bad Nauheim Tap / sam
Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Sintern von Kohlenstoffkörpern (16) in einer Ofeneinrichtung (10, 30) mit zumindest einer ersten Ofenkammer (11) zur Aufnahme der in einem Packungsmaterial (23) aufgenommenen Kohlenstoffkörper, wobei die Kohlenstoffkörper zwischen seitlichen Kammerwänden (12, 13, 21, 35) der Ofenkammer angeordnet werden, und die Ofenkammer zur Ausbildung einer Vorwärmzone V, einer mit einer Heizeinrichtung versehenen Heizzone H und einer Abkühlzone A dient, A method of sintering carbon bodies (16) in a furnace device (10, 30) having at least a first furnace chamber (11) for receiving the carbon bodies received in a packing material (23), the carbon bodies being disposed between lateral chamber walls (12, 13, 21 , 35) of the furnace chamber, and the furnace chamber is for forming a preheating zone V, a heating zone H provided with a heating means, and a cooling zone A,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass ein zumindest anteilig aus einem hoch wärmeleitfähigen Werkstoff gebildetes Packungsmaterial (23) verwendet wird.  in that a packing material (23) formed at least partially from a material which is highly thermally conductive is used.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass das Packungsmaterial (23) zumindest anteilig aus einem Graphitwerkstoff gebildet ist.  the packing material (23) is formed at least partially from a graphite material.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, 3. The method according to claim 2,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t, dass das Packungsmaterial (23) überwiegend aus einem Graphitwerkstoff gebildet ist. characterized, that the packing material (23) is formed predominantly of a graphite material.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass als Graphitwerkstoff ein Kunstgraphit verwendet wird.  that as graphite material an artificial graphite is used.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, 5. The method according to claim 4,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass der Kunstgraphit als Granulat ausgebildet ist.  that the artificial graphite is formed as granules.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, 6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass als Graphitwerkstoff graphitierter Petrolkoks verwendet wird.  that graphitized petroleum coke is used as the graphite material.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, 7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass als Graphitwerkstoff ein recycelter Werkstoff aus Resten ver- brauchter Elektroden verwendet wird.  that as graphite material a recycled material from residues of used electrodes is used.
Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass die Kohlenstoffkörper (16) zusammen mit dem zumindest anteilig aus einem Graphitwerkstoff gebildeten Packungsmaterial (23) in einer Reihenanordnung (17) horizontal durch einen zwischen den Kammerwänden (12, 13, 21, 35) der Ofenkammer (111, 26) ausgebildeten Ofenkanal (14, 20) gefördert werden, derart, dass die Reihenanordnung (17) der Kohlenstoffkörper mittels der Fördereinrichtung sukzessive durch die Vorwärmzone V, die Heizzone H und die Abkühlzone A gefördert wird. in that the carbon bodies (16), together with the packing material (23) formed at least partly from a graphite material, are arranged horizontally in a series arrangement (17) through a furnace channel (111, 26) between the chamber walls (12, 13, 21, 35). 14, 20) are conveyed, such that the series arrangement (17) of the carbon bodies by means of the conveyor successively through the preheating zone V, the heating zone H and the cooling zone A is promoted.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, 9. The method according to claim 8,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass parallel und entgegen der Förderrichtung der ersten Fördereinrichtung (15) mittels eine zweiten Fördereinrichtung (22) eine zweite Reihenanordnung (17) von Kohlenstoffkörpern (16) durch einen in that parallel and opposite to the conveying direction of the first conveying device (15) by means of a second conveying device (22), a second series arrangement (17) of carbon bodies (16) through a
Ofenkanal (20) einer zur ersten Ofenkammer (11) benachbarten zweiten Ofenkammer (26) gefördert wird, wobei ein Ofenkanal (14) der ersten Ofenkammer von dem Ofenkanal (20) der zweiten Ofenkammer durch eine wärmeübertragende Kammerwand (13, 35) getrennt ist, derart, dass eine Vorwärmzone V der ersten Ofenkammer gegenüberliegend einer Abkühlzone A der zweiten Ofenkammer angeordnet ist, und über die Kammerwand eine Wärmeübertragung zwischen der Abkühlzone A und der Vorwärmzone V erfolgt. Furnace channel (20) of a second furnace chamber (26) adjacent to the first furnace chamber (11) is separated, wherein a furnace channel (14) of the first furnace chamber from the furnace channel (20) of the second furnace chamber by a heat transfer chamber wall (13, 35) is separated, in such a way that a preheating zone V of the first furnace chamber is arranged opposite a cooling zone A of the second furnace chamber, and heat is transferred via the chamber wall between the cooling zone A and the preheating zone V.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass die Wärmeübertragung mittels eines Feuerfestmaterials der Wandelemente (25, 30) der Kammerwand (13, 35) erfolgt, dessen keramische Masse Siliziumcarbid oder Graphit aufweist.  the heat transfer takes place by means of a refractory material of the wall elements (25, 30) of the chamber wall (13, 35) whose ceramic mass comprises silicon carbide or graphite.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass die Wärmeübertragung mittels eines in Wandelementen (25, 30) der Kammerwand (13, 35) in einem Mantel (28, 31) aus Feuerfestmaterial aufgenommenen hoch wärmeleitfähigen Materialkern (27, 32) erfolgt. 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11,  the heat transfer takes place by means of a highly thermally conductive material core (27, 32) accommodated in wall elements (25, 30) of the chamber wall (13, 35) in a jacket (28, 31) of refractory material. 12. The method according to claim 11,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass die Wärmeübertragung über einen Materialkern (27, 32) erfolgt, der aus Graphit gebildet ist. 4 the heat transfer takes place via a material core (27, 32) which is formed from graphite. 4
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, 13. The method according to claim 11 or 12,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass die Einstellung einer definierten Wärmeleitfähigkeit über die Formgebung des Materialkerns (27, 32) erfolgt. 14. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,  in that the setting of a defined thermal conductivity takes place via the shaping of the material core (27, 32). 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass zur Wärmeabführung aus den Wandelementen (30) ein Wärmeträgermedium durch in den Wandelementen ausgebildete Strömungskanäle (33) geleitet wird, die in der Kammerwand (35) einen mean- derförmig verlaufenden Wandkanal (34) ausbilden.  in that for heat dissipation from the wall elements (30), a heat transfer medium is conducted through flow channels (33) formed in the wall elements, which form a meandering wall channel (34) in the chamber wall (35).
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, 15. The method according to claim 14,
dadurch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t,  characterized,
dass als Wärmeträgermedium Luft verwendet wird.  that air is used as the heat transfer medium.
EP16734577.6A 2015-06-23 2016-06-16 Method for sintering carbon bodies in a furnace device Withdrawn EP3314184A1 (en)

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DE102015224209.9A DE102015224209A1 (en) 2015-06-23 2015-12-03 Process for sintering carbon bodies in a furnace device
PCT/EP2016/063826 WO2016207050A1 (en) 2015-06-23 2016-06-16 Method for sintering carbon bodies in a furnace device

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EP2792985B1 (en) * 2013-04-18 2014-11-26 Amann Girrbach AG Sintering device
DE102017109245A1 (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-10-31 VON ARDENNE Asset GmbH & Co. KG Process chamber assembly, processing device and their use for processing substrates
CN114543523B (en) * 2022-01-19 2023-10-24 福建华清电子材料科技有限公司 Graphite furnace for preparing aluminum nitride powder by accurately controlling nitrogen supply

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US1828839A (en) * 1926-06-15 1931-10-27 Carborundum Co Furnace and method of operating the same
US3112181A (en) * 1958-05-08 1963-11-26 Shell Oil Co Production of graphite from petroleum
US3610391A (en) * 1970-03-20 1971-10-05 Btu Eng Corp Furnace conveyor system
IT1205267B (en) * 1982-08-18 1989-03-15 Alusuisse Italia Spa PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARBON BLOCKS IN A TUNNEL OVEN AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE
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TWI516640B (en) * 2013-08-30 2016-01-11 國立交通大學 Graphite oxide and graphene preparation method

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