EP3312253A1 - Physical pretreatment for encapsulating a filament - Google Patents
Physical pretreatment for encapsulating a filament Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3312253A1 EP3312253A1 EP17197435.5A EP17197435A EP3312253A1 EP 3312253 A1 EP3312253 A1 EP 3312253A1 EP 17197435 A EP17197435 A EP 17197435A EP 3312253 A1 EP3312253 A1 EP 3312253A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- adhesive layer
- plasma
- adhesive
- treated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
- C09J5/02—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving pretreatment of the surfaces to be joined
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
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- H01F17/04—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
- C09J2400/10—Presence of inorganic materials
- C09J2400/14—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2467/00—Presence of polyester
- C09J2467/006—Presence of polyester in the substrate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
- Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
- Y10T428/249945—Carbon or carbonaceous fiber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
- Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
- Y10T428/249946—Glass fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
- Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
- Y10T428/249947—Polymeric fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
- Y10T428/2848—Three or more layers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing an adhesive tape, the invention also relates to an adhesive tape.
- transport securing tapes are known in the prior art, for the production of which essentially three carrier film materials are used: MOPP, (stretched) PET and laminates of thin BOPP / PET carrier films with glass fibers and PET fibers.
- the extensibility and tensile strength of the transfer adhesive tape are essentially based on the physical properties of the carrier film material of the transfer adhesive tape used.
- oriented carrier films are usually used due to the special mechanical requirements.
- Orientation which is equivalent to stretching the primary film formed primarily in the production process in one or more preferred directions, can be used to influence the mechanical properties in a targeted manner.
- So-called biaxially oriented films can be stretched sequentially, wherein the primary film after formation by extrusion with a slot die is first stretched in the machine direction by being passed over a sequence of rollers, wherein the transport speed of the film is greater than the speed at the exit from the extrusion die. Subsequently, the film is stretched in a drafting device in the transverse direction.
- the stretching of the film in two directions can also be carried out in one step (compare, for example US 4,675,582 A and US 5,072,493 A ).
- carrier films for transport securing adhesive tapes are stretched exclusively in the machine direction.
- This process can produce polypropylene films with the highest tensile strengths and moduli.
- the draw ratio used that is the quotient of the length of a primary film compartment to the corresponding end product, is between 1: 5 to 1:10. Stretch ratios between 1: 7 and 1: 8.5 are particularly preferred.
- the very high elongation resistance of exclusively monoaxially oriented polypropylene films is one of the most important properties for use.
- the principle of the orientation lies in the alignment of the polymer molecule chains and the crystal structures formed therefrom as well as in the orientation of the amorphous regions in certain preferred directions and the associated increase in strength. Due to the principle, but also the strength in the direction in which is not oriented, reduced. Accordingly, in the case of the BOPP and BOPET films, and especially in the case of the MOPP films, a significantly lower strength of the films in the z direction (in the direction of the smallest extent of the film) is found.
- a disadvantage of conventional MOPP and stretched PET is, inter alia, that they have a high extensibility of greater than 25 to 30% and thus yield strongly under load. As a result of this stretching, the transported goods secured with such an adhesive tape can be loosened and are no longer adequately secured.
- MOPP and stretched PET also have the disadvantage that they break easily when the edge is damaged. Since in customary applications, objects with sharp edges must be secured, the tape can be easily injured and thereby tear.
- BOPP and MOPP have the drawback that they easily split apart in the machine direction upon shock in the transverse direction, that is, they have a low impact toughness.
- the adhesive tapes are glued in the longitudinal direction of a gap (for example, a refrigerator door). During transport, large forces can act on the adhesive tape in the transverse direction, causing them to tear apart in the longitudinal direction. The function as a transport lock is thus no longer guaranteed.
- Adhesive tapes can be reinforced next to the carrier film of, for example, stretched PET or BOPP with filaments of glass fibers.
- the filaments give that Adhesive tape a high tensile strength.
- they have a defined extensibility, for low elongation preferably Glasfaserfil noir be used.
- All monodirectional reinforcements do not give the adhesive tape a tensile strength in the transverse direction, that is, the disadvantage described above in the exemplary application to a (door) gap is maintained. Tensile strength and transverse tensile strength are not improved.
- a disadvantage of the known adhesive tapes is that the filaments are bound differently in the adhesive due to their surface properties.
- the invention makes use of the idea of preferably providing a liner or a carrier film on one side with an adhesive layer over the entire surface and treating at least one filament and / or the adhesive layer with a plasma.
- a surface, preferably the entire surface of the at least one filament is plasma-treated and introduced into the adhesive layer; Due to the plasma treatment of preferably the entire surface of the filament, the filament is very firmly integrated into the surrounding adhesive of the adhesive layer.
- the plasma-treated filament is placed on a surface of a first adhesive layer. The filaments sink into the adhesive. At the latest when applying the adhesive tape, the filaments are pressed into the adhesive, so that they are surrounded by the adhesive.
- a second adhesive layer is then applied to the first adhesive layer and the at least one filament.
- a first adhesive layer is applied to the liner or the carrier film, plasma-treated a surface of the first adhesive layer and the at least one filament applied on the plasma-treated surface of the first adhesive layer and more preferably a second adhesive layer on the at least one filament and the plasma-treated surface of the first adhesive layer applied.
- the first and second adhesive layers may comprise or consist of the same adhesive or different adhesives.
- the production method according to the invention first makes use of the use of a liner or a carrier film to which the adhesive layer is applied directly or with additional application of further layers.
- Particularly suitable carrier films are films such as, for example, PA, PU, PVC, polyolefins or polyesters, preferably a polyester of PET (polyethylene terephthalate).
- the films themselves may in turn consist of several individual layers, for example, layers co-extruded into film.
- Polyolefins are preferred, and copolymers of ethylene and polar monomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate or acrylic acid are also suitable. It may be a homopolymer such as HDPE, LDPE, MDPE or a copolymer of ethylene with another olefin such as propene, butene, hexene or octene (for example LLDPE, VLLDE). Also suitable are polypropylenes (for example polypropylene homopolymers, polypropylene random copolymers or polypropylene block copolymers).
- Monoaxially stretched polypropylene for example, is characterized by its very high tensile strength and low elongation in the longitudinal direction.
- films based on polyester in particular those of polyethylene terephthalate.
- the film preferably has a thickness of 12 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably from 28 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, in particular 36 ⁇ m.
- the film can be colored and / or transparent.
- the adhesive tapes are applied before winding on a liner, which is wound up together with the adhesive tape.
- the person skilled in such liners are also known under the name Releaseliner.
- a liner (release paper, release film) is not part of an adhesive tape or label, but only an aid for their production, storage or for further processing by punching.
- a liner is not firmly bonded to an adhesive layer.
- Anti-adhesive coating compositions are widely used for the production of liners in the coating, in particular of sheet materials such as papers or films, in order to reduce the adhesion tendency of adhering products to these surfaces.
- the liner must be removable from the tape. By the liner itself or by the removal of the liner, the adhesive power of the PSA must not be significantly affected for later use.
- the stability of the anti-adhesive coating (also referred to as release coating) on the liner, ie the adhesiveness, over long periods of time is important in order to ensure the function of this coating and the properties of the pressure-sensitive adhesive covered with the liner.
- Release agents also called release, can be designed in various ways. Suitable release agents include surfactant release systems based on long chain alkyl groups such as stearyl sulfosuccinates or stearyl sulfosuccinamates, but also polymers which may be selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl stearyl carbamates, polyethyleneimine stearyl carbamides, chromium complexes of C 14 -C 28 fatty acids and stearyl copolymers such as, for example in DE 28 45 541 A described. Also suitable are release agents based on acrylic polymers with perfluorinated alkyl groups, silicones or fluorosilicone compounds, for example based on poly (dimethyl) siloxanes.
- surfactant release systems based on long chain alkyl groups such as stearyl sulfosuccinates or stearyl sulfosuccinamates, but also polymers which may be selected from the group consisting of polyviny
- the release layer comprises a silicone-based polymer.
- silicone-based release-active polymers include polyurethane- and / or polyurea-modified silicones, preferably organopolysiloxane-polyurea-polyurethane block copolymers, particularly preferably those as in Example 19 of US Pat EP 1 336 683 B1 very particularly preferably anionically stabilized polyurethane- and urea-modified silicones having a silicone weight fraction of 70% and an acid number of 30 mg KOH / g.
- the use of polyurethane and / or urea-modified silicones causes the effect that the products according to the invention have an optimized separation behavior with optimized aging resistance and universal writability.
- the release layer comprises 10 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 13 to 18% by weight, of the release-active constituent.
- At least one filament is understood to mean either individual fibrous, elongated threads or preferably a filament web or filament web, for example warp knit fabric with weft threads, as used, for example, in US Pat EP 1 818 437 A1 are described. Particular preference is given to using filament webs or filament webs.
- the filament web or web has a machine direction tensile strength of preferably at least 100 N / cm, more preferably 200 N / cm, most preferably 1000 N / cm.
- the yarns used to form the fabric or fabric have a thickness of 80 to 2200 dtex, preferably 280 to 1100 dtex.
- a filament is understood to mean a bundle of parallel straight individual fibers, which are often referred to in the literature as multifilament.
- this fiber bundle can be solidified by twisting, then one speaks of spun or twisted filaments.
- the fiber bundle can be solidified by swirling with compressed air or water jet.
- the filament can be textured or smooth and point-solidified or unconsolidated.
- the individual filaments are glued together by means of a binder of a so-called size to the at least one filament.
- the individual filaments consist of the group PET fibers, carbon fibers, Keflarmaschinen or glass fibers, the individual filaments may also consist of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene or polyamide, preferably polyester (diols).
- the filaments are preferably each formed from single filaments of the same material, but it is also conceivable to manufacture the filaments by bundling individual filaments of different materials.
- glass fibers are used for filament formation.
- a glass fiber forms a single filament in the upper sense.
- the individual filaments can also be bundled into a filament with the aid of binders, so-called finishing or sizing.
- the individual filaments are easily glued together.
- the filament is then preferably formed solely of single glass fiber filaments.
- the filament which consists of a bundle of individual filaments, preferably individual glass fibers, has a different surface texture and different surface properties, which result in the filaments being bound differently to different degrees in the surrounding adhesive.
- the wetting and anchoring of the filament with the adhesive is the cause.
- adhesive tape In order to be able to produce the adhesive tape according to the invention, all known adhesive systems can be used.
- silicone adhesives and also polyacrylate adhesives preferably a low-molecular-weight acrylate hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesive.
- the latter are in the DE 198 07 752 A1 as well as in the DE 100 11 788 A1 described in more detail.
- Acrylate-based, UV-crosslinking adhesives are also suitable.
- the application weight preferably moves in the range between 15 to 200 g / m 2 , more preferably between 30 to 120 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 50 g / m 2 (corresponds approximately to a thickness of 15 to 200 microns, more preferably between 30 to 120 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m).
- the adhesive is a pressure-sensitive adhesive, so a viscoelastic composition which remains permanently tacky and tacky at room temperature in a dry state. The bonding takes place by light pressure immediately on almost all substrates.
- Adhesive adhesives are those based on block copolymers polymer blocks application. These are preferably formed from vinyl aromatics (A blocks) such as styrene and those by polymerization of 1,3-dienes (B blocks) such as butadiene and isoprene or a copolymer of the two. It is also possible to use mixtures of different block copolymers. Preference is given to using products which are partly or completely hydrogenated.
- the block copolymers may have a linear ABA structure. It is also possible to use block copolymers of radial form as well as star-shaped and linear multiblock copolymers.
- polystyrene blocks and polymer blocks based on other aromatic-containing homo- and copolymers preferably C 8 - to C 12 aromatics
- glass transition temperatures of> about 75 ° C can be used as for example ⁇ -methylstyrene-containing aromatic blocks.
- polymer blocks based on (meth) acrylate homo- and (meth) acrylate copolymers with glass transition temperatures of> +75 ° C can be used.
- Both block copolymers can be used here, which on the one hand use exclusively those based on (meth) acrylate polymers as hard blocks and on the other hand also those which use both polyaromatic blocks, for example polystyrene blocks, and poly (meth) acrylate blocks.
- block copolymers and their hydrogenation products which contain further polydiene-containing elastomer blocks can also be used according to the invention use such as copolymers of several different 1,3-dienes.
- Further functionalized block copolymers such as, for example, maleic anhydride-modified or silane-modified styrenic block copolymers, can be used according to the invention.
- Typical use concentrations for the block copolymer are in a concentration in the range between 30 wt .-% and 70 wt .-%, in particular in the range between 35 wt .-% and 55 wt .-%.
- polymers which may be based on pure hydrocarbons such as unsaturated polydienes such as natural or synthetically produced polyisoprene or polybutadiene, chemically substantially saturated elastomers such as saturated ethylene-propylene copolymers, ⁇ -olefin copolymers, polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber and chemically functionalized hydrocarbons such as halogenated, acrylate-containing or vinyl ether-containing polyolefins may be present, which can replace the vinyl aromatic block copolymers up to half.
- unsaturated polydienes such as natural or synthetically produced polyisoprene or polybutadiene
- chemically substantially saturated elastomers such as saturated ethylene-propylene copolymers, ⁇ -olefin copolymers, polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber and chemically functionalized hydrocarbons such as halogenated, acrylate-containing or vinyl ether-containing
- Adhesive resins serve as tackifiers.
- Suitable tackifier resins include, but are not limited to, partially or fully hydrogenated resins based on rosin or rosin derivatives. Also at least partially hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins, for example hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins obtained by partial or complete hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbon resins (for example Arkon P and Arkon M series from Arakawa or Regalite series from Eastman), hydrocarbon resins based on hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene- Polymers (for example Escorez 5300 series from Exxon), hydrocarbon resins based on hydrogenated C5 / C9 resins (Escorez 5600 series from Exxon) or hydrocarbon resins based on hydrogenated C5 resins (Eastotac from Eastman) or mixtures thereof ,
- aromatic hydrocarbon resins for example Arkon P and Arkon M series from Arakawa or Regalite series from Eastman
- hydrocarbon resins based on hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene- Polymers for example Escorez 5300 series from Exxon
- Hydrogenated polyterpene resins based on polyterpenes can also be used.
- the aforementioned adhesive resins can be used both alone and in admixture.
- light stabilizers for example UV absorbers, sterically hindered amines, antiozonants, metal deactivators, processing aids, endblock-enhancing resins.
- Plasticizers such as liquid resins, plasticizer oils or low molecular weight liquid polymers such as low molecular weight polyisobutylenes with molecular weights ⁇ 1500 g / mol (number average) or liquid EPDM types are typically used.
- the adhesive may be applied in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive tape in the form of a strip which has a smaller width than the carrier of the adhesive tape.
- the coated strip may have a width of 10% to 80% of the width of the carrier material. Particularly preferably, in such a case, the use of strips with a coating of 20% to 50% of the width of the carrier material.
- the position of the strip on the carrier is freely selectable, with an arrangement directly on one of the edges of the carrier being preferred.
- the production and processing of the adhesives can be carried out from solution, dispersion and from the melt. Preferred production and processing methods are carried out from solution as well as from the melt. Particularly preferred is the production of the adhesive from the melt, in particular batch or continuous processes can be used. Particularly advantageous is the continuous production of the pressure-sensitive adhesives with the aid of an extruder.
- these can be application methods via a nozzle or a calender.
- the adhesive tape with the carrier film may additionally comprise a covering material, with which an adhesive layer is covered until use. Also suitable as cover materials are all the materials detailed above.
- a non-linting material such as a plastic film or a well-glued, long-fiber paper.
- the filaments since different manufacturers usually use different sizes for bundling the individual filaments, the filaments, although they consist of material-like individual filaments, have different surface properties.
- the static shear forces with which the filaments in the adhesive layer are bound to be very different.
- the filament surface is changed in such a way that the static shear forces are equalized and increased independently of the size used, so that, for example, glass fiber filaments can be selected independently of the manufacturer; Due to the plasma treatment of the filament surfaces, differences in the shear forces of the filament embedded in the adhesive are largely eliminated.
- the shear forces of the plasma-treated filament in the adhesive layer increase in relation to the non-plasma-treated filament in the adhesive layer.
- the surface of the at least one filament is treated with a plasma.
- Plasma is called the fourth state of matter. It is a partially or completely ionized gas. Energy supply generates positive and negative ions, electrons and other states of aggregation, radicals, electromagnetic radiation and chemical reaction products. Many of these species can be used to alter the surface to be treated, i. H. lead to be treated at least one filament surface. In sum, this treatment leads to an activation of the at least one filament surface, specifically a higher reactivity.
- a corona treatment which is one of the plasma treatments, is defined as a filamentary discharge surface treatment produced by high alternating voltage between two electrodes, the discrete discharge channels meeting the surface to be treated, see also Wagner et al., Vacuum, 71 (2003), pages 417-436 , Without further qualification, ambient air, carbon dioxide or nitrogen and other gas mixtures must be assumed as the process gas.
- corona is usually understood as meaning a “dielectric barrier discharge” (DBD).
- DBD dielectric barrier discharge
- At least one of the electrodes consists of a dielectric, ie an insulator, or is coated or coated with such a dielectric.
- the second electrode has small radii or peaks to produce the corona effect, the effect of large electric field gradients.
- the substrate can also act as a dielectric in this case.
- the substrate is placed or passed in the discharge space between an electrode and a counter electrode, which is defined as a "direct" physical treatment.
- Web-shaped substrates are typically passed between an electrode and a grounded roller.
- the two electrodes are arranged on the same side of the surface to be treated of the object, wherein the first electrodes are formed from a plurality of points, along which a curved arrangement of a second electrode is provided. Between the two electrodes an alternating voltage of a few kV with a frequency of 10 kHz is applied.
- the corona discharge along the field lines influences the passing surface and leads to a polarization of the surface, whereby the adhesion properties of a pressure-sensitive adhesive on the surface treated by the corona effect are improved.
- a double-pin electrode is selected, wherein there is a separate channel for pressurizing each pin electrode. Between the two tips of the electrodes, a discharge is created which ionizes the gas stream flowing through the channels and converts it into a plasma. This plasma then passes as a remote or afterglow plasma through the gas stream to the surface to be treated, where it in particular performs a surface oxidation, which improves the wettability of the surface.
- the type of physical treatment is referred to here as indirect, because the treatment is not performed at the place of production of the electrical discharge.
- the treatment of the surface takes place at or near atmospheric pressure, but the pressure in the electrical discharge space or gas channel may be increased.
- plasma is meant here an atmospheric pressure plasma, which is an electrically activated homogeneous reactive gas which is not in thermal equilibrium, with a pressure close to the ambient pressure in the effective range.
- the electrical discharges and ionization processes in the electric field activate the gas and generate highly excited states in the gas constituents.
- the gas or gas mixture used is called Process gas called.
- Process gas As process gases air, carbon dioxide, noble gases or nitrogen or their mixtures can be used.
- the process gas also other gaseous substances such as siloxane, acrylic acids or solvents or hydrogen, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, silanes, organosilicon monomers, acrylate monomers, water, alcohols, peroxides and organic acids or other ingredients can be added.
- Components of the atmospheric pressure plasma can be highly excited atomic states, highly excited molecular states, ions, electrons, unchanged constituents of the process gas.
- the atmospheric pressure plasma is not generated in a vacuum but usually in an air environment. This means that if the process gas itself is not already air, the outflowing plasma contains at least components of the surrounding air.
- filamentary discharge channels with accelerated electrons and ions form due to the applied high voltage.
- the light electrons hit the surface at high speed with energies sufficient to break most of the molecular bonds.
- the reactivity of the resulting reactive gas components is usually a minor effect.
- the broken bond sites then react with constituents of the air or process gas.
- a decisive effect is the formation of short-chain degradation products by electron bombardment. For higher intensity treatments, significant material removal also occurs.
- the plasma constituents Due to the reaction of a plasma with the substrate surface, the plasma constituents are increasingly directly "incorporated". Alternatively, an excited state or an open binding site and radicals can be generated on the surface, which then further react secondarily, for example with atmospheric oxygen from the ambient air. For some gases, such as noble gases, no chemical bonding of the process gas atoms or molecules to the substrate is to be expected. Here the activation of the substrate takes place exclusively via secondary reactions.
- the essential difference is that during the plasma treatment there is no direct action of discrete discharge channels on the surface.
- the effect is therefore homogeneous and gentle, especially on reactive gas components instead.
- free electrons may be present, but not accelerated, since the treatment takes place outside the electric field to be generated.
- the plasma treatment is gentler and more homogeneous than a corona treatment because of the species composition because no discrete discharge channels strike the surface. There are fewer short-chain degradation products of the treated material, which can form a layer with a negative influence on the surface. Therefore, better wettability after plasma treatment over corona treatment can often be achieved with longer duration of the effect.
- a first adhesive layer is applied to the carrier foil, and the at least one plasma-treated filament is applied to the first adhesive layer, and more preferably a second adhesive layer is applied to the at least one plasma-treated filament and the first adhesive layer.
- the at least one filament is introduced into the adhesive layer by being arranged, as it were, between two adhesive layers.
- the two adhesive layers may have the same adhesive. But you can also have different adhesives.
- the carrier film is first wetted over an entire area with an adhesive layer, and then the filament, which is preferably made available as a roll product, is unwound and treated directly with a plasma or a corona before it is applied to the adhesive layer.
- the filament which is preferably made available as a roll product
- a further layer of adhesive is applied. If the adhesive layer and the further adhesive layer have the same adhesive, the filament is embedded in the adhesive layer.
- pretreatment of the first adhesive layer in which the at least one filament is introduced can be identical or modified to treat the at least one filament.
- a pretreatment of the first adhesive layer takes place immediately before the introduction of the filaments.
- the object is achieved in its second aspect by an adhesive tape having the features of claim 10.
- the adhesive tape is preferably produced by one of the methods described above.
- the adhesive tape according to the invention comprises an adhesive layer and at least one filament introduced into the adhesive layer, the adhesive layer and / or a surface of the at least one filament being treated with a plasma. Either the at least one filament or the adhesive layer or both may be plasma treated.
- a first adhesive layer is treated with plasma and the at least one filament is arranged on the first plasma-treated surface of the first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer is applied to the first plasma-treated surface of the first adhesive layer and to the at least one filament.
- One way of testing the inclusion of a filament in an adhesive layer is to determine the shear resistance when adhered to a well-adhered substrate.
- the substrate used here was an etched PET film.
- a conventional static shear test is used, the structure of which is shown schematically in FIG. The test is carried out as follows: The etched PET film is fully adhered to a 2 x 25 x 50 mm non-ground steel test plate.
- an adhesive tape strip of 40 x 13 mm is glued to a surface of 20 x 13 mm; the adhesive tape strip is a film carrier 1 onto which a filament layer consisting of glass fiber filaments 21 has been applied, which has been coated with a pressure-sensitive adhesive 2; Acrylic adhesive was used here as pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- FIG. 2 shows the tape. At the protruding end of the tape strip a weight is attached. A bond area is pressed at 10 Newtons per cm 2 for one minute. The sample is attached to a sample holder with the steel plate and the weight is attached to the protruding end of the tape strip. The time is measured until the tape strip has been sheared off; the failure pattern in this case shows an adhesive failure of the pressure-sensitive adhesive on the filament layer, the pressure-sensitive adhesive thus remains on the etched PET film.
- the adhesive is only shown in the bond area in the strip.
- the shear resistances of the same filaments were measured after corona treatment prior to coating the filaments with adhesive.
- the filaments have different shear resistances in the untreated state.
- the wettability of the filaments is different.
- the shear resistance is significantly increased and adjusted for both filaments; It becomes clear that the plasma treatment, despite different wettability of the raw filaments, leads to a comparable wettability after the plasma treatment. Due to the physical surface treatment of the filaments by means of plasma, differently pretreated filaments can be incorporated equally into the adhesive bond.
Abstract
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Klebebandes, indem ein Liner oder eine Trägerfolie auf wenigstens einer Seite mit einer Klebmasseschicht versehen wird und wenigstens ein Filament und/oder die Klebmasseschicht mit einem Plasma behandelt wird und das wenigstens eine Filament in die Klebmasseschicht eingebracht wird.A method for producing an adhesive tape by providing a liner or a carrier film on at least one side with an adhesive layer and treating at least one filament and / or the adhesive layer with a plasma and the at least one filament is introduced into the adhesive layer.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Klebebandes, die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Klebeband.The invention relates to a method for producing an adhesive tape, the invention also relates to an adhesive tape.
Im Stand der Technik sind sogenannte Transportsicherungsbänder bekannt, zu deren Herstellung im Wesentlichen drei Trägerfolienmaterialien eingesetzt werden: MOPP, (gerecktes) PET und Laminate aus dünnen BOPP/PET Trägerfolien mit Glasfasern und PET Fasern.So-called transport securing tapes are known in the prior art, for the production of which essentially three carrier film materials are used: MOPP, (stretched) PET and laminates of thin BOPP / PET carrier films with glass fibers and PET fibers.
Während einige Eigenschaften der Transportklebebänder auf die Klebmasseschicht oder weitere Funktionsschichten des Transportklebebandes zurückzuführen sind, basieren die Dehnbarkeit und die Zugfestigkeit des Transportklebebandes im Wesentlichen auf den physikalischen Eigenschaften des verwendeten Trägerfolienmaterials des Transportklebebandes.While some properties of the transfer adhesive tapes are due to the adhesive layer or other functional layers of the transfer adhesive tape, the extensibility and tensile strength of the transfer adhesive tape are essentially based on the physical properties of the carrier film material of the transfer adhesive tape used.
Für Transportsicherungsklebebänder werden aufgrund der besonderen mechanischen Ansprüche in der Regel orientierte Trägerfolien eingesetzt. Durch Orientierung gleichbedeutend mit einer Verstreckung der primär im Herstellprozess gebildeten Primärfolie in einer oder mehrerer Vorzugsrichtungen lassen sich die mechanischen Eigenschaften gezielt beeinflussen. So genannte biaxial orientierte Folien können sequentiell verstreckt werden, wobei die Primärfolie nach Bildung durch Extrusion mit einer Breitschlitzdüse zunächst in Maschinenrichtung verstreckt wird, indem sie über eine Abfolge von Walzen geführt wird, wobei die Transportgeschwindigkeit der Folie größer ist als die Geschwindigkeit beim Austritt aus der Extrusionsdüse. Anschließend wird die Folie in einem Streckwerk in Querrichtung verstreckt. Das Verstrecken der Folie in zwei Richtungen kann auch in einem Schritt ausgeführt werden (vergleiche zum Beispiel
Ebenfalls finden sich im Markt für Klebebänder solche, deren BOPP-Trägerfolien im Blasfolienverfahren verstreckt worden sind.Also found in the adhesive tape market are those whose BOPP carrier films have been stretched by blown film.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden Trägerfolien für Transportsicherungsklebebänder ausschließlich in Maschinenrichtung verstreckt. Mit diesem Verfahren lassen sich Polypropylenfolien mit den höchsten Zugfestigkeiten und Modulen erzielen. Üblicherweise beträgt das verwendete Streckverhältnis, das heißt der Quotient aus Länge eines Primärfolienkompartiments zu dem entsprechenden des Endprodukts, zwischen 1:5 bis 1:10. Besonders bevorzugt werden Streckverhältnisse zwischen 1:7 und 1:8,5. Die sehr hohe Dehnungsresistenz von ausschließlich monoaxial orientierten Polypropylenfolien ist eine der wesentlichsten Eigenschaften für den Einsatz.In a preferred embodiment, carrier films for transport securing adhesive tapes are stretched exclusively in the machine direction. This process can produce polypropylene films with the highest tensile strengths and moduli. Usually, the draw ratio used, that is the quotient of the length of a primary film compartment to the corresponding end product, is between 1: 5 to 1:10. Stretch ratios between 1: 7 and 1: 8.5 are particularly preferred. The very high elongation resistance of exclusively monoaxially oriented polypropylene films is one of the most important properties for use.
Das Wirkprinzip der Orientierung liegt in der Ausrichtung der Polymermolekülketten und der daraus gebildeten Kristallstrukturen sowie in der Ausrichtung der amorphen Bereiche in bestimmte Vorzugsrichtungen und der damit verbundenen Festigkeitszunahme. Prinzipbedingt wird dabei aber auch die Festigkeit in diejenige Richtung, in welche nicht orientiert wird, verringert. Entsprechend findet sich im Falle der BOPP- und BOPET-Folien und ganz besonders im Falle der MOPP-Folien eine deutlich geringere Festigkeit der Folien in der z-Richtung (in Richtung der geringsten Ausdehnung der Folie).The principle of the orientation lies in the alignment of the polymer molecule chains and the crystal structures formed therefrom as well as in the orientation of the amorphous regions in certain preferred directions and the associated increase in strength. Due to the principle, but also the strength in the direction in which is not oriented, reduced. Accordingly, in the case of the BOPP and BOPET films, and especially in the case of the MOPP films, a significantly lower strength of the films in the z direction (in the direction of the smallest extent of the film) is found.
Nachteil von herkömmlichem MOPP und gerecktem PET ist unter anderem, dass sie eine hohe Dehnbarkeit von größer 25 bis 30 % aufweisen und somit unter Belastung stark nachgeben. Durch diese Dehnung kann sich das mit einem derartigen Klebeband gesicherte Transportgut lösen und ist nicht mehr ausreichend gesichert.A disadvantage of conventional MOPP and stretched PET is, inter alia, that they have a high extensibility of greater than 25 to 30% and thus yield strongly under load. As a result of this stretching, the transported goods secured with such an adhesive tape can be loosened and are no longer adequately secured.
MOPP und gerecktes PET haben zudem den Nachteil, dass sie bei Verletzung der Kante sehr leicht durchreißen. Da bei üblichen Anwendungen auch Gegenstände mit scharfen Kanten gesichert werden müssen, kann das Klebeband hierbei leicht verletzt werden und dabei reißen.MOPP and stretched PET also have the disadvantage that they break easily when the edge is damaged. Since in customary applications, objects with sharp edges must be secured, the tape can be easily injured and thereby tear.
BOPP und MOPP haben zusätzlich den Nachteil, dass sie bei Schockeinwirkung in Querrichtung leicht in Maschinenrichtung auseinanderplatzen, das heißt, sie haben eine geringe Schlagzugzähigkeit. Häufig werden die Klebebänder aber in Längsrichtung auf einen Spalt (zum Beispiel einer Kühlschranktür) aufgeklebt. Während des Transports können dabei große Kräfte in Querrichtung auf das Klebeband einwirken, wodurch sie in Längsrichtung auseinanderreißen. Die Funktion als Transportsicherung ist damit nicht mehr gewährleistet.Additionally, BOPP and MOPP have the drawback that they easily split apart in the machine direction upon shock in the transverse direction, that is, they have a low impact toughness. Frequently, however, the adhesive tapes are glued in the longitudinal direction of a gap (for example, a refrigerator door). During transport, large forces can act on the adhesive tape in the transverse direction, causing them to tear apart in the longitudinal direction. The function as a transport lock is thus no longer guaranteed.
Zur Verbesserung können Klebebänder neben der Trägerfolie aus beispielsweise gerecktem PET oder BOPP mit Filamenten aus Glasfasern verstärkt werden. Die Filamente geben dem Klebeband eine hohe Zugfestigkeit. Je nach Material besitzen sie eine definierte Dehnbarkeit, für geringe Dehnung werden vorzugsweise Glasfaserfilamente eingesetzt.To improve adhesive tapes can be reinforced next to the carrier film of, for example, stretched PET or BOPP with filaments of glass fibers. The filaments give that Adhesive tape a high tensile strength. Depending on the material they have a defined extensibility, for low elongation preferably Glasfaserfilamente be used.
Alle monodirektionalen Verstärkungen geben dem Klebeband keine Zugfestigkeit in Querrichtung, das heißt, der oben beschriebene Nachteil bei der beispielhaften Applikation auf einen (Tür-)Spalt bleibt erhalten. Zugfestigkeit und Schlagzugzähigkeit in Querrichtung werden nicht verbessert.
Nachteilig an den bekannten Klebebändern ist, dass die Filamente aufgrund ihrer Oberflächeneigenschaften unterschiedlich fest in die Klebmasse eingebunden werden.All monodirectional reinforcements do not give the adhesive tape a tensile strength in the transverse direction, that is, the disadvantage described above in the exemplary application to a (door) gap is maintained. Tensile strength and transverse tensile strength are not improved.
A disadvantage of the known adhesive tapes is that the filaments are bound differently in the adhesive due to their surface properties.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Klebebandes zur Verfügung zu stellen, das eine hohe Zugfestigkeit aufweist, dennoch in der Herstellung einfach ist und eine gute Einbindung des Filaments in der Klebmasse aufweist.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an adhesive tape which has a high tensile strength, yet is easy to manufacture and has a good incorporation of the filament in the adhesive.
Diese Aufgabe wird in ihrem ersten Aspekt durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in its first aspect by a method having the features of
Die Erfindung macht von der Idee Gebrauch, einen Liner oder eine Trägerfolie auf einer Seite vorzugsweise vollflächig mit einer Klebmasseschicht zu versehen und wenigstens ein Filament und/oder die Klebmasseschicht mit einem Plasma zu behandeln.The invention makes use of the idea of preferably providing a liner or a carrier film on one side with an adhesive layer over the entire surface and treating at least one filament and / or the adhesive layer with a plasma.
Vorzugsweise wird eine Oberfläche, vorzugsweise die gesamte Oberfläche des wenigstens einen Filaments plasmabehandelt und in die Klebmasseschicht eingebracht; aufgrund der Plasmabehandlung der vorzugsweise gesamten Oberfläche des Filaments wird das Filament sehr fest in die es umgebende Klebmasse der Klebmasseschicht eingebunden. Vorzugsweise wird das plasmabehandelte Filament auf eine Oberfläche einer ersten Klebmasseschicht aufgelegt. Die Filamente sinken in die Klebmasse ein. Spätestens beim Aufbringen des Klebebands werden die Filamente in die Klebemasse gedrückt, so dass diese von der Klebemasse umflossen werden. Bevorzugt wird dann eine zweite Klebmasseschicht auf die erste Klebmasseschicht und das wenigstens eine Filament aufgebracht.Preferably, a surface, preferably the entire surface of the at least one filament is plasma-treated and introduced into the adhesive layer; Due to the plasma treatment of preferably the entire surface of the filament, the filament is very firmly integrated into the surrounding adhesive of the adhesive layer. Preferably, the plasma-treated filament is placed on a surface of a first adhesive layer. The filaments sink into the adhesive. At the latest when applying the adhesive tape, the filaments are pressed into the adhesive, so that they are surrounded by the adhesive. Preferably, a second adhesive layer is then applied to the first adhesive layer and the at least one filament.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird eine erste Klebmasseschicht auf den Liner oder die Trägerfolie aufgebracht, eine Oberfläche der ersten Klebmasseschicht plasmabehandelt und das wenigstens eine Filament auf die plasmabehandelte Oberfläche der ersten Klebmasseschicht aufgebacht und weiter vorzugsweise eine zweite Klebmasseschicht auf das wenigstens eine Filament und die plasmabehandelte Oberfläche der ersten Klebmasseschicht aufgebacht.In another embodiment of the invention, a first adhesive layer is applied to the liner or the carrier film, plasma-treated a surface of the first adhesive layer and the at least one filament applied on the plasma-treated surface of the first adhesive layer and more preferably a second adhesive layer on the at least one filament and the plasma-treated surface of the first adhesive layer applied.
Die erste und zweite Klebmasseschicht können dieselbe Klebmasse oder verschiedene Klebmassen umfassen oder aus ihnen bestehen.The first and second adhesive layers may comprise or consist of the same adhesive or different adhesives.
Es ist auch vorgesehen anstatt entweder das wenigstens eine Filament oder die erste Klebmasseschicht mit Plasma zu behandeln auch beide mit Plasma zu behandeln.It is also contemplated instead of either plasma treating the at least one filament or the first layer of adhesive, and also treating both with plasma.
Das erfindungsgemäße Herstellungsverfahren macht zunächst von der Verwendung eines Liners oder einer Trägerfolie Gebrauch, auf die die Klebmasseschicht unmittelbar oder unter zusätzlicher Aufbringung von weiteren Schichten aufgebracht wird.The production method according to the invention first makes use of the use of a liner or a carrier film to which the adhesive layer is applied directly or with additional application of further layers.
Als Trägerfolie eignen sich insbesondere Folien wie zum Beispiel PA, PU, PVC, Polyolefine oder Polyester, bevorzugterweise ein Polyester von PET (Polyethylenterephthalat). Die Folien selbst können wiederum aus mehreren einzelnen Lagen bestehen, beispielsweise aus zu Folie coextrudierten Lagen.Particularly suitable carrier films are films such as, for example, PA, PU, PVC, polyolefins or polyesters, preferably a polyester of PET (polyethylene terephthalate). The films themselves may in turn consist of several individual layers, for example, layers co-extruded into film.
Bevorzugt werden Polyolefine, es sind auch Copolymere aus Ethylen und polaren Monomeren wie Styrol, Vinylacetat, Methylmethacrylat, Butylacrylat oder Acrylsäure geeignet. Es kann ein Homopolymer wie HDPE, LDPE, MDPE oder ein Copolymer aus Ethylen einem weiteren Olefin wie Propen, Buten, Hexen oder Octen (zum Beispiel LLDPE, VLLDE) sein. Geeignet sind auch Polypropylene (zum Beispiel Polypropylen-Homopolymere, Polypropylen-Random-Copolymere oder Polypropylen-Block-Copolymere).Polyolefins are preferred, and copolymers of ethylene and polar monomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate or acrylic acid are also suitable. It may be a homopolymer such as HDPE, LDPE, MDPE or a copolymer of ethylene with another olefin such as propene, butene, hexene or octene (for example LLDPE, VLLDE). Also suitable are polypropylenes (for example polypropylene homopolymers, polypropylene random copolymers or polypropylene block copolymers).
Erfindungsgemäß hervorragend als Folien einsetzen lassen sich monoaxial und biaxial gereckte Folien. Monoaxial gerecktes Polypropylen beispielsweise zeichnet sich durch seine sehr hohe Reißfestigkeit und geringe Dehnung in Längsrichtung aus.According to the invention, it is possible to use films which have been stretched monoaxially and biaxially excellently as films. Monoaxially stretched polypropylene, for example, is characterized by its very high tensile strength and low elongation in the longitudinal direction.
Besonders bevorzugt sind Folien auf Basis von Polyester, insbesondere solche aus Polyethylenterephthalat.Particular preference is given to films based on polyester, in particular those of polyethylene terephthalate.
Die Folie weist vorzugsweise eine Dicke von 12 µm bis 100 µm, weiter vorzugsweise von 28 µm bis 50 µm, insbesondere 36 µm auf.The film preferably has a thickness of 12 μm to 100 μm, more preferably from 28 μm to 50 μm, in particular 36 μm.
Die Folie kann farbig und/oder transparent sein.The film can be colored and / or transparent.
Um bei den erfindungsgemäßen trägerlosen Klebebändern, die nur aus einer, aus zwei oder aus mehreren Klebemasseschichten bestehen, zu verhindern, dass die Haftklebemassen miteinander in Kontakt kommen, werden die Klebebänder vor dem Wickeln auf einen Liner aufgebracht, der zusammen mit dem Klebeband aufgewickelt wird. Dem Fachmann sind derartige Liner auch unter den Namen Releaseliner bekannt.In order to prevent the PSAs according to the invention, which consist of only one, two or more adhesive layers, that the PSAs contact each other, the adhesive tapes are applied before winding on a liner, which is wound up together with the adhesive tape. The person skilled in such liners are also known under the name Releaseliner.
Ein Liner (Trennpapier, Trennfolie) ist nicht Bestandteil eines Klebebandes oder Etiketts, sondern nur ein Hilfsmittel zu deren Herstellung, Lagerung oder für die Weiterverarbeitung durch Stanzen. Darüber hinaus ist ein Liner im Gegensatz zu einem Klebebandträger nicht fest mit einer Klebstoffschicht verbunden.A liner (release paper, release film) is not part of an adhesive tape or label, but only an aid for their production, storage or for further processing by punching. In addition, unlike a tape carrier, a liner is not firmly bonded to an adhesive layer.
Antiadhäsive Beschichtungsmassen werden in großem Umfang zur Herstellung von Linern in der Beschichtung insbesondere von flächigen Materialien wie Papieren oder Folien verwendet, um die Adhäsionsneigung von adhärierenden Produkten gegenüber diesen Oberflächen zu verringern.Anti-adhesive coating compositions are widely used for the production of liners in the coating, in particular of sheet materials such as papers or films, in order to reduce the adhesion tendency of adhering products to these surfaces.
Wird ein doppelseitig klebendes, mit einem Liner ausgerüstetes Klebeband abgerollt, wird es normalerweise mit der offenen, also linerfreien Haftklebemassenseite auf einen Untergrund aufgeklebt. Die andere Haftklebemassenseite haftet währenddessen auf der beschichteten Oberfläche des Liners noch in genügendem Maße, um die Handhabung des Klebebands zu ermöglichen.If a double-sided adhesive tape, which has been provided with a liner, is unrolled, it is normally stuck to the substrate with the open, ie liner-free PSA side. Meanwhile, the other pressure-sensitive adhesive side still adheres sufficiently to the coated surface of the liner to allow handling of the adhesive tape.
Allerdings muss der Liner vom Klebeband abziehbar sein. Durch den Liner selbst oder durch das Abziehen des Liners darf die Klebkraft der Haftklebemasse nicht wesentlich für die spätere Verwendung beeinträchtigt werden.However, the liner must be removable from the tape. By the liner itself or by the removal of the liner, the adhesive power of the PSA must not be significantly affected for later use.
Gleichzeitig ist die Stabilität der antiadhäsiven Beschichtung (auch als Trennbeschichtung bezeichnet) auf dem Liner, also die Abhäsivität, über lange Zeiträume wichtig, um die Funktion dieser Beschichtung sowie die Eigenschaften der mit dem Liner eingedeckten Haftklebemasse zu gewährleisten.At the same time, the stability of the anti-adhesive coating (also referred to as release coating) on the liner, ie the adhesiveness, over long periods of time is important in order to ensure the function of this coating and the properties of the pressure-sensitive adhesive covered with the liner.
Trennmittel, auch Release genannt, können auf verschiedene Weise ausgebildet sein. Geeignete Trennmittel umfassen tensidische Releasesysteme auf Basis langkettiger Alkylgruppen wie Stearylsulfosuccinate oder Stearylsulfosuccinamate, aber auch Polymere, die ausgewählt sein können aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyvinylstearylcarbamaten, Polyethyleniminstearylcarbamiden, Chrom-Komplexen von C14-C28-Fettsäuren und Stearyl-Copolymeren, wie zum Beispiel in
Unter wenigstens einem Filament werden hier entweder einzelne faserartige, längliche Fäden verstanden oder vorzugsweise ein Filamentgelege oder Filamentgewebe, beispielsweise Kettenstrickgewebe mit Schussfäden, wie sie beispielsweise in der
Besonders bevorzugt werden Filamentgelege oder Filamentgewebe eingesetzt.Here, at least one filament is understood to mean either individual fibrous, elongated threads or preferably a filament web or filament web, for example warp knit fabric with weft threads, as used, for example, in
Particular preference is given to using filament webs or filament webs.
Das Filamentgelege oder -gewebe weist eine Zugfestigkeit in Maschinenrichtung von vorzugsweise mindestens 100 N/cm, weiter vorzugsweise 200 N/cm, besonders vorzugsweise 1000 N/cm auf.The filament web or web has a machine direction tensile strength of preferably at least 100 N / cm, more preferably 200 N / cm, most preferably 1000 N / cm.
Vorzugsweise weisen die zur Bildung des Geleges oder des Gewebes verwendeten Garne eine Stärke von 80 bis 2200 dtex, vorzugsweise 280 bis 1100 dtex auf.Preferably, the yarns used to form the fabric or fabric have a thickness of 80 to 2200 dtex, preferably 280 to 1100 dtex.
Im Sinne dieser Erfindung wird unter einem Filament ein Bündel paralleler gerader Einzelfasern verstanden, die in der Literatur auch oft als Multifilament bezeichnet werden. Gegebenenfalls kann dieses Faserbündel durch Verdrehen in sich verfestigt werden, dann spricht man von gesponnenen oder gezwirnten Filamenten. Alternativ kann das Faserbündel durch Verwirbeln mit Druckluft oder Wasserstrahl in sich verfestigt werden. Im Weiteren wird für alle diese Ausführungsformen verallgemeinernd nur noch der Begriff Filament verwendet. Das Filament kann texturiert oder glatt und punktverfestigt oder unverfestigt vorliegen.For the purposes of this invention, a filament is understood to mean a bundle of parallel straight individual fibers, which are often referred to in the literature as multifilament. Optionally, this fiber bundle can be solidified by twisting, then one speaks of spun or twisted filaments. Alternatively, the fiber bundle can be solidified by swirling with compressed air or water jet. In the following, for the sake of generality, only the term filament is used for all these embodiments. The filament can be textured or smooth and point-solidified or unconsolidated.
Vorzugsweise werden die Einzelfilamente mittels eines Bindemittels einer sogenannten Schlichte zu dem wenigstens einen Filament zusammengeklebt.Preferably, the individual filaments are glued together by means of a binder of a so-called size to the at least one filament.
Bevorzugt bestehen die Einzelfilamente aus der Gruppe PET-Fasern, Kohlefasern, Keflarfasern oder Glasfasern, die Einzelfilamente können auch aus Polyester, Polypropylen, Polyethylen oder Polyamid, bevorzugt Polyester (Diolen) bestehen.Preferably, the individual filaments consist of the group PET fibers, carbon fibers, Keflarfasern or glass fibers, the individual filaments may also consist of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene or polyamide, preferably polyester (diols).
Die Filamente werden bevorzugt jeweils aus Einzelfilamenten desselben Materials gebildet, es ist aber auch denkbar, die Filamente durch Bündelung von Einzelfilamenten verschiedener Materialen zu fertigen.The filaments are preferably each formed from single filaments of the same material, but it is also conceivable to manufacture the filaments by bundling individual filaments of different materials.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden Glasfasern zur Filamentbildung verwendet. Dabei bildet eine Glasfaser ein Einzelfilament im oberen Sinne aus. Die Einzelfilamente können auch mit Hilfe von Bindemitteln, sogenannter Avivage oder Schlichte, zu einem Filament gebündelt werden. Dabei werden die Einzelfilamente leicht miteinander verklebt. Das Filament wird dann vorzugsweise ausschließlich aus Glasfasereinzelfilamenten gebildet.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, glass fibers are used for filament formation. A glass fiber forms a single filament in the upper sense. The individual filaments can also be bundled into a filament with the aid of binders, so-called finishing or sizing. The individual filaments are easily glued together. The filament is then preferably formed solely of single glass fiber filaments.
Je nach verwendeter Schlichte weist das Filament, das aus einem Bündel aus Einzelfilamenten, vorzugsweise Einzelglasfasern besteht, eine unterschiedliche Oberflächenbeschaffenheit und unterschiedliche Oberflächeneigenschaften auf, die dazu führen, dass die Filamente unterschiedlich fest in die sie umgebende Klebmasse eingebunden werden. Für die Einbindung des Filaments in die Klebmasse ist unter anderem die Benetzung und Verankerung des Filaments mit der Klebmasse ursachlich.Depending on the size used, the filament, which consists of a bundle of individual filaments, preferably individual glass fibers, has a different surface texture and different surface properties, which result in the filaments being bound differently to different degrees in the surrounding adhesive. For the integration of the filament into the adhesive, among other things, the wetting and anchoring of the filament with the adhesive is the cause.
Um das erfindungsgemäße Klebeband herstellen zu können, kann auf alle bekannten Klebmassesysteme zurückgegriffen werden.
Neben natur- oder synthesekautschukbasierten Klebmassen sind insbesondere Silikonklebmassen sowie Polyacrylatklebmassen, vorzugsweise eine niedermolekulare Acrylatschmelzhaftklebmasse, verwendbar. Letztere sind in der
In addition to natural or synthetic rubber-based adhesives, it is possible in particular to use silicone adhesives and also polyacrylate adhesives, preferably a low-molecular-weight acrylate hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesive. The latter are in the
Das Auftragsgewicht bewegt sich vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 15 bis 200 g/m2, weiter vorzugsweise zwischen 30 bis 120 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt 50 g/m2 (entspricht ungefähr einer Dicke von 15 bis 200 µm, weiter vorzugsweise zwischen 30 bis 120 µm, besonders bevorzugt bei 50 µm).The application weight preferably moves in the range between 15 to 200 g / m 2 , more preferably between 30 to 120 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 50 g / m 2 (corresponds approximately to a thickness of 15 to 200 microns, more preferably between 30 to 120 μm, more preferably 50 μm).
Vorzugsweise ist die Klebmasse eine Haftklebmasse, also eine viskoelastische Masse, die bei Raumtemperatur in trockenem Zustand permanent klebrig und klebfähig bleibt. Die Klebung erfolgt durch leichten Anpressdruck sofort auf fast allen Substraten.Preferably, the adhesive is a pressure-sensitive adhesive, so a viscoelastic composition which remains permanently tacky and tacky at room temperature in a dry state. The bonding takes place by light pressure immediately on almost all substrates.
Als Haftklebmassen finden solche auf Basis von Blockcopolymere enthaltenden Polymerblöcken Anwendung. Gebildet werden diese bevorzugt von Vinylaromaten (A-Blöcke) wie zum Beispiel Styrol und solchen durch Polymerisation von 1,3-Dienen (B-Blöcke) wie zum Beispiel Butadien und Isopren oder einem Copolymer aus beiden. Es können auch Mischungen unterschiedlicher Blockcopolymere zum Einsatz kommen. Bevorzugt werden Produkte eingesetzt, die zum Teil oder vollständig hydriert sind.
Die Blockcopolymere können eine lineare A-B-A-Struktur aufweisen. Einsetzbar sind ebenfalls Blockcopolymere von radialer Gestalt sowie sternförmige und lineare Multiblockcopolymere.Adhesive adhesives are those based on block copolymers polymer blocks application. These are preferably formed from vinyl aromatics (A blocks) such as styrene and those by polymerization of 1,3-dienes (B blocks) such as butadiene and isoprene or a copolymer of the two. It is also possible to use mixtures of different block copolymers. Preference is given to using products which are partly or completely hydrogenated.
The block copolymers may have a linear ABA structure. It is also possible to use block copolymers of radial form as well as star-shaped and linear multiblock copolymers.
Anstelle der Polystyrolblöcke können auch Polymerblöcke auf Basis anderer aromatenhaltiger Homo- und Copolymere (bevorzugt C8- bis C12-Aromate) mit Glasübergangstemperaturen von > ca. 75 °C genutzt werden wie zum Beispiel α-methylstyrolhaltige Aromatenblöcke. Gleichfalls sind Polymerblöcke auf Basis von (Meth)acrylathomo- und (Meth)acrylatcopolymeren mit Glasübergangstemperaturen von > +75 °C nutzbar. Hierbei können sowohl Blockcopolymere zum Einsatz kommen, welche als Hartblöcke zum einen ausschließlich solche auf Basis von (Meth)acrylatpolymeren nutzen als zum anderen auch solche, die sowohl Polyaromatenblöcke, zum Beispiel Polystyrolblöcke, als auch Poly(meth)acrylatblöcke nutzen.Instead of the polystyrene blocks and polymer blocks based on other aromatic-containing homo- and copolymers (preferably C 8 - to C 12 aromatics) with glass transition temperatures of> about 75 ° C can be used as for example α-methylstyrene-containing aromatic blocks. Likewise, polymer blocks based on (meth) acrylate homo- and (meth) acrylate copolymers with glass transition temperatures of> +75 ° C can be used. Both block copolymers can be used here, which on the one hand use exclusively those based on (meth) acrylate polymers as hard blocks and on the other hand also those which use both polyaromatic blocks, for example polystyrene blocks, and poly (meth) acrylate blocks.
Die Angaben zur Glasübergangstemperatur für nicht anorganische und nicht überwiegend anorganische Materialien, insbesondere für organische und polymere Materialien, beziehen sich auf den Glasübergangstemperatur-Wert Tg nach DIN 53765:1994-03 (vgl. Abschnitt 2.2.1), sofern im Einzelfall nichts anderes angegeben ist.The data on the glass transition temperature for non-inorganic and non-predominantly inorganic materials, in particular for organic and polymeric materials, refer to the glass transition temperature Tg according to DIN 53765: 1994-03 (see Section 2.2.1), unless stated otherwise in individual cases is.
Anstelle von Styrol-Butadien-Blockcopolymeren und Styrol-Isopren-Blockcopolymeren und/oder deren Hydrierungsprodukten, mithin Styrol-Ethylen/Butylen-Blockcopolymere und Styrol-Ethylen/Propylen-Blockcopolymere, können erfindungsgemäß ebenfalls Blockcopolymere und deren Hydrierungsprodukte genutzt werden, welche weitere polydienhaltige Elastomerblöcke nutzen wie zum Beispiel Copolymere mehrerer unterschiedlicher 1,3-Diene. Erfindungsgemäß nutzbar sind des weiteren funktionalisierte Blockcopolymere wie zum Beispiel maleinsäureanhydridmodifizierte oder silanmodifizierte Styrolblockcopolymere.Instead of styrene-butadiene block copolymers and styrene-isoprene block copolymers and / or their hydrogenation products, including styrene-ethylene / butylene block copolymers and styrene-ethylene / propylene block copolymers, block copolymers and their hydrogenation products which contain further polydiene-containing elastomer blocks can also be used according to the invention use such as copolymers of several different 1,3-dienes. Further functionalized block copolymers, such as, for example, maleic anhydride-modified or silane-modified styrenic block copolymers, can be used according to the invention.
Typische Einsatzkonzentrationen für das Blockcopolymer liegen in einer Konzentration im Bereich zwischen 30 Gew.-% und 70 Gew.-%, insbesondere im Bereich zwischen 35 Gew.-% und 55 Gew.-%.Typical use concentrations for the block copolymer are in a concentration in the range between 30 wt .-% and 70 wt .-%, in particular in the range between 35 wt .-% and 55 wt .-%.
Als weitere Polymere können solche auf Basis reiner Kohlenwasserstoffe wie zum Beispiel ungesättigte Polydiene wie natürliches oder synthetisch erzeugtes Polyisopren oder Polybutadien, chemisch im Wesentlichen gesättigte Elastomere wie zum Beispiel gesättigte Ethylen-Propylen-Copolymere, a-Olefincopolymere, Polyisobutylen, Butylkautschuk, Ethylen-Propylenkautschuk sowie chemisch funktionalisierte Kohlenwasserstoffe wie zum Beispiel halogenhaltige, acrylathaltige oder vinyletherhaltige Polyolefine vorhanden sein, welche die vinylaromatenhaltigen Blockcopolymere bis zur Hälfte ersetzen können.Other polymers which may be based on pure hydrocarbons such as unsaturated polydienes such as natural or synthetically produced polyisoprene or polybutadiene, chemically substantially saturated elastomers such as saturated ethylene-propylene copolymers, α-olefin copolymers, polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber and chemically functionalized hydrocarbons such as halogenated, acrylate-containing or vinyl ether-containing polyolefins may be present, which can replace the vinyl aromatic block copolymers up to half.
Als Klebrigmacher dienen Klebharze.Adhesive resins serve as tackifiers.
Geeignete Klebharze sind unter anderem vorzugsweise partiell oder vollständig hydrierte Harze auf Basis von Kolophonium oder Kolophoniumderivaten. Es können auch zumindest zum Teil hydrierte Kohlenwasserstoffharze, zum Beispiel hydrierte Kohlenwasserstoffharze, erhalten durch teilweise oder vollständige Hydrierung von aromatenhaltigen Kohlenwasserstoffharzen (zum Beispiel Arkon P und Arkon M Serien der Firma Arakawa oder Regalite-Serie von Eastman), Kohlenwasserstoffharze auf Basis von hydrierten Dicyclopentadien-Polymeren (zum Beispiel Escorez 5300er-Serie von Exxon), Kohlenwasserstoffharze auf Basis von hydrierten C5/C9-Harzen (Escorez 5600er-Serie von Exxon) oder Kohlenwasserstoffharze auf Basis von hydrierten C5-Harzen (Eastotac der Firma Eastman) beziehungsweise deren Gemische eingesetzt werden.Suitable tackifier resins include, but are not limited to, partially or fully hydrogenated resins based on rosin or rosin derivatives. Also at least partially hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins, for example hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins obtained by partial or complete hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbon resins (for example Arkon P and Arkon M series from Arakawa or Regalite series from Eastman), hydrocarbon resins based on hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene- Polymers (for example Escorez 5300 series from Exxon), hydrocarbon resins based on hydrogenated C5 / C9 resins (Escorez 5600 series from Exxon) or hydrocarbon resins based on hydrogenated C5 resins (Eastotac from Eastman) or mixtures thereof ,
Auch hydrierte Polyterpenharze auf Basis von Polyterpenen sind verwendbar. Vorgenannte Klebharze können sowohl allein als auch im Gemisch eingesetzt werden.Hydrogenated polyterpene resins based on polyterpenes can also be used. The aforementioned adhesive resins can be used both alone and in admixture.
Als weitere Additive können typischerweise Lichtschutzmittel wie zum Beispiel UV-Absorber, sterisch gehinderte Amine, Antiozonantien, Metalldesaktivatoren, Verarbeitungshilfsmittel, endblockverstärkende Harze eingesetzt werden.As further additives, it is typically possible to use light stabilizers, for example UV absorbers, sterically hindered amines, antiozonants, metal deactivators, processing aids, endblock-enhancing resins.
Plastifizierungsmittel wie zum Beispiel Flüssigharze, Weichmacheröle oder niedermolekulare flüssige Polymere wie zum Beispiel niedermolekulare Polyisobutylene mit Molmassen < 1500 g/mol (Zahlenmittel) oder flüssige EPDM-Typen werden typischerweise eingesetzt.Plasticizers such as liquid resins, plasticizer oils or low molecular weight liquid polymers such as low molecular weight polyisobutylenes with molecular weights <1500 g / mol (number average) or liquid EPDM types are typically used.
Die Klebmasse kann in Längsrichtung des Klebebands in Form eines Streifens aufgebracht sein, der eine geringere Breite aufweist als der Träger des Klebebands.The adhesive may be applied in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive tape in the form of a strip which has a smaller width than the carrier of the adhesive tape.
Der beschichtete Streifen kann eine Breite von 10 % bis 80 % der Breite des Trägermaterials haben. Besonders vorzugsweise erfolgt in einem solchen Fall der Einsatz von Streifen mit einer Beschichtung von 20 % bis 50 % der Breite des Trägermaterials.The coated strip may have a width of 10% to 80% of the width of the carrier material. Particularly preferably, in such a case, the use of strips with a coating of 20% to 50% of the width of the carrier material.
Je nach Verwendungsfall können auch mehrere parallele Streifen des Klebers auf dem Trägermaterial beschichtet sein.Depending on the application, it is also possible for a plurality of parallel strips of the adhesive to be coated on the carrier material.
Die Lage des Streifens auf dem Träger ist frei wählbar, wobei eine Anordnung direkt an einer der Kanten des Trägers bevorzugt wird.The position of the strip on the carrier is freely selectable, with an arrangement directly on one of the edges of the carrier being preferred.
Die Herstellung und Verarbeitung der Klebmassen kann aus Lösung, Dispersion sowie aus der Schmelze erfolgen. Bevorzugte Herstellungs- und Verarbeitungsverfahren erfolgen aus Lösung sowie aus der Schmelze. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Fertigung der Klebmasse aus der Schmelze, wobei insbesondere Batchverfahren oder kontinuierliche Verfahren eingesetzt werden können. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die kontinuierliche Fertigung der Haftklebmassen mit Hilfe eines Extruders.The production and processing of the adhesives can be carried out from solution, dispersion and from the melt. Preferred production and processing methods are carried out from solution as well as from the melt. Particularly preferred is the production of the adhesive from the melt, in particular batch or continuous processes can be used. Particularly advantageous is the continuous production of the pressure-sensitive adhesives with the aid of an extruder.
Bei Verarbeitung aus der Schmelze können dies Auftragsverfahren über eine Düse oder einen Kalander sein.When processed from the melt, these can be application methods via a nozzle or a calender.
Bei Verfahren aus der Lösung sind Beschichtungen mit Rakeln, Messern oder Düsen bekannt, um nur einige wenige zu nennen.In solution processes, coatings with doctor blades, knives or nozzles are known, to name just a few.
Schließlich kann das Klebeband mit der Trägerfolie zusätzlich ein Abdeckmaterial aufweisen, mit dem bis zum Gebrauch die eine Klebmasseschicht eingedeckt ist. Als Abdeckmaterialien eignen sich auch alle oben ausführlich aufgeführten Materialien.Finally, the adhesive tape with the carrier film may additionally comprise a covering material, with which an adhesive layer is covered until use. Also suitable as cover materials are all the materials detailed above.
Bevorzugt wird aber ein nicht-fusselndes Material eingesetzt wie eine Kunststofffolie oder ein gut verleimtes, langfaseriges Papier.Preferably, however, a non-linting material is used, such as a plastic film or a well-glued, long-fiber paper.
Da verschiedene Hersteller üblicherweise verschiedene Schlichten zur Bündelung der Einzelfilamente verwenden, besitzen die Filamente, obwohl sie aus materialgleichen Einzelfilamenten bestehen, unterschiedliche Oberflächeneigenschaften. Insbesondere können die statischen Scherkräfte, mit denen die Filamente in die Klebmasseschicht eigebunden sind, sehr unterschiedlich sein. Überraschenderweise hat sich nun gezeigt, dass durch die Behandlung der Filamentoberfläche mit Plasma die Filamentoberfläche derart verändert wird, dass sich die statischen Scherkräfte unabhängig von der verwendeten Schlichte angleichen und erhöhen, so dass beispielsweise Glasfaserfilamente unabhängig vom Hersteller gewählt werden können; durch die Plasmabehandlung der Filamentoberflächen werden Unterschiede in den Scherkräften des in die Klebmasse eingebundenen Filaments weitestgehend aufgehoben. Darüber hinaus erhöhen sich im statischen Schertest die Scherkräfte des plasmabehandelten Filaments in der Klebmasseschicht gegenüber dem nicht-plasmabehandelten Filament in der Klebmasseschicht.Since different manufacturers usually use different sizes for bundling the individual filaments, the filaments, although they consist of material-like individual filaments, have different surface properties. In particular, the static shear forces with which the filaments in the adhesive layer are bound to be very different. Surprisingly, it has now been found that by treating the filament surface with plasma, the filament surface is changed in such a way that the static shear forces are equalized and increased independently of the size used, so that, for example, glass fiber filaments can be selected independently of the manufacturer; Due to the plasma treatment of the filament surfaces, differences in the shear forces of the filament embedded in the adhesive are largely eliminated. In addition, in the static shear test, the shear forces of the plasma-treated filament in the adhesive layer increase in relation to the non-plasma-treated filament in the adhesive layer.
Die Oberfläche des wenigstens einen Filaments wird mit einem Plasma behandelt.The surface of the at least one filament is treated with a plasma.
Plasma wird als vierter Aggregatzustand der Materie bezeichnet. Es handelt sich um ein teilweise bzw. vollständig ionisiertes Gas. Durch Energiezufuhr werden positive und negative Ionen, Elektronen und andere Aggregatzustände, Radikale, elektromagnetische Strahlungen und chemische Reaktionsprodukte erzeugt. Viele dieser Spezies können zur Veränderung der zu behandelnden Oberfläche, d. h. der zu behandelnden wenigstens einen Filamentoberfläche führen. In Summe führt diese Behandlung zu einer Aktivierung der wenigstens einen Filamentoberfläche, konkret einer höheren Reaktivität.Plasma is called the fourth state of matter. It is a partially or completely ionized gas. Energy supply generates positive and negative ions, electrons and other states of aggregation, radicals, electromagnetic radiation and chemical reaction products. Many of these species can be used to alter the surface to be treated, i. H. lead to be treated at least one filament surface. In sum, this treatment leads to an activation of the at least one filament surface, specifically a higher reactivity.
Eine Coronabehandlung, die zu den Plasmabehandlungen zählt, ist als eine durch hohe Wechselspannung zwischen zwei Elektroden erzeugte Oberflächenbehandlung mit filamentären Entladungen definiert, wobei die diskreten Entladungskanäle auf die zu behandelnde Oberfläche treffen, siehe dazu auch
Insbesondere wird in industriellen Anwendungen meist unter dem Begriff "Corona" eine "dielektrische Barrierenentladung" (engl. dielectric barrier discharge, DBD) verstanden. Dabei besteht mindestens eine der Elektroden aus einem Dielektrikum, also einem Isolator, oder ist mit einem solchen beschichtet oder überzogen. Die zweite Elektrode weist kleine Radien oder Spitzen auf, um den Coronaeffekt, den Effekt großer Gradienten des elektrischen Feldes, zu erzeugen. Das Substrat kann hierbei auch als Dielektrikum fungieren.In particular, in industrial applications, the term "corona" is usually understood as meaning a "dielectric barrier discharge" (DBD). At least one of the electrodes consists of a dielectric, ie an insulator, or is coated or coated with such a dielectric. The second electrode has small radii or peaks to produce the corona effect, the effect of large electric field gradients. The substrate can also act as a dielectric in this case.
Die Behandlungsintensität einer Coronabehandlung wird als "Dosis" in [Wmin/m2] angegeben, mit der Dosis D=P/b*v, mit P=elektrischer Leistung [W], b=Elektrodenbreite [m], und v=Bahngeschwindigkeit [m/min].The treatment intensity of a corona treatment is given as "dose" in [Wmin / m 2 ], with the dose D = P / b * v, with P = electrical power [W], b = electrode width [m], and v = web speed [ m / min].
Fast immer wird das Substrat im Entladungsraum zwischen einer Elektrode und einer Gegenelektrode platziert oder hindurchgeführt, was als "direkte" physikalische Behandlung definiert ist. Bahnförmige Substrate werden dabei typischerweise zwischen einer Elektrode und einer geerdeten Walze hindurchgeführt.Almost always, the substrate is placed or passed in the discharge space between an electrode and a counter electrode, which is defined as a "direct" physical treatment. Web-shaped substrates are typically passed between an electrode and a grounded roller.
Aus der
Eine gleichmäßigere intensive Behandlung von Materialien verschiedener Art, Form und Dicke zu ermöglichen, besteht darin, Entladungsfilamente wie sie bei Coronaentladungen auftreten zu vermeiden, indem zum Beispiel gemäß der
Bei einer Coronaentladung nach obiger Definition bilden sich durch die angelegte hohe Spannung filamentäre Entladungskanäle mit beschleunigten Elektronen und Ionen. Insbesondere die leichten Elektronen treffen mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die Oberfläche mit Energien, die ausreichen, um die meisten Molekülbindungen aufzubrechen. Die Reaktivität der außerdem entstehenden reaktiven Gasbestandteile ist meist ein untergeordneter Effekt. Die aufgebrochenen Bindungsstellen reagieren dann mit Bestandteilen der Luft oder des Prozessgases weiter. Ein entscheidender Effekt ist die Bildung kurzkettiger Abbauprodukte durch Elektronenbeschuss. Bei Behandlungen höherer Intensität tritt auch ein signifikanter Materialabtrag ein.In a corona discharge as defined above, filamentary discharge channels with accelerated electrons and ions form due to the applied high voltage. In particular, the light electrons hit the surface at high speed with energies sufficient to break most of the molecular bonds. The reactivity of the resulting reactive gas components is usually a minor effect. The broken bond sites then react with constituents of the air or process gas. A decisive effect is the formation of short-chain degradation products by electron bombardment. For higher intensity treatments, significant material removal also occurs.
Durch die Reaktion eines Plasmas mit der Substratoberfläche werden verstärkt die Plasmabestandteile direkt "eingebaut". Alternativ können auf der Oberfläche ein angeregter Zustand oder eine offene Bindungsstelle und Radikale erzeugt werden, die dann sekundär weiterreagieren, zum Beispiel mit Luftsauerstoff aus der Umgebungsluft. Bei manchen Gasen wie Edelgasen ist keine chemische Bindung der Prozessgasatome oder Moleküle an das Substrat zu erwarten. Hier findet die Aktivierung des Substrats ausschließlich über Sekundärreaktionen statt.Due to the reaction of a plasma with the substrate surface, the plasma constituents are increasingly directly "incorporated". Alternatively, an excited state or an open binding site and radicals can be generated on the surface, which then further react secondarily, for example with atmospheric oxygen from the ambient air. For some gases, such as noble gases, no chemical bonding of the process gas atoms or molecules to the substrate is to be expected. Here the activation of the substrate takes place exclusively via secondary reactions.
Der wesentliche Unterschied ist also, dass bei der Plasmabehandlung keine direkte Einwirkung diskreter Entladungskanäle auf die Oberfläche stattfindet. Die Wirkung findet also homogen und schonend, vor allem über reaktive Gasbestandteile statt. Bei einer indirekten Plasmabehandlung sind freie Elektronen möglicherweise vorhanden, aber nicht beschleunigt, da die Behandlung außerhalb des zu erzeugenden elektrischen Feldes stattfindet.The essential difference is that during the plasma treatment there is no direct action of discrete discharge channels on the surface. The effect is therefore homogeneous and gentle, especially on reactive gas components instead. In an indirect plasma treatment, free electrons may be present, but not accelerated, since the treatment takes place outside the electric field to be generated.
Die Plasmabehandlung ist aufgrund der Spezieszusammensetzung schonender und homogener als eine Coronabehandlung, da keine diskreten Entladungskanäle auf die Oberfläche treffen. Es entstehen weniger kurzkettige Abbauprodukte des behandelten Materials, die eine Schicht mit negativem Einfluss auf der Oberfläche bilden können. Deswegen können oft bessere Benetzbarkeiten nach Plasmabehandlung gegenüber Coronabehandlung erzielt werden bei längerer Beständigkeit des Effekts.The plasma treatment is gentler and more homogeneous than a corona treatment because of the species composition because no discrete discharge channels strike the surface. There are fewer short-chain degradation products of the treated material, which can form a layer with a negative influence on the surface. Therefore, better wettability after plasma treatment over corona treatment can often be achieved with longer duration of the effect.
Vorzugsweise wird eine erste Klebmasseschicht auf die Trägerfolie aufgebracht, und das wenigstens eine plasmabehandelte Filament wird auf die erste Klebmasseschicht aufgebacht, und weiter vorzugsweise eine zweite Klebmasseschicht wird auf das wenigstens eine plasmabehandelte Filament und die erste Klebmasseschicht aufgebacht.Preferably, a first adhesive layer is applied to the carrier foil, and the at least one plasma-treated filament is applied to the first adhesive layer, and more preferably a second adhesive layer is applied to the at least one plasma-treated filament and the first adhesive layer.
Bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das wenigstens eine Filament dadurch in die Klebmasseschicht eingebracht, dass es gleichsam zwischen zwei Klebmasseschichten angeordnet wird. Die beiden Klebmasseschichten können die gleiche Klebmasse aufweisen. Sie können aber auch verschiedene Klebmassen aufweisen.In this embodiment of the invention, the at least one filament is introduced into the adhesive layer by being arranged, as it were, between two adhesive layers. The two adhesive layers may have the same adhesive. But you can also have different adhesives.
Die Trägerfolie wird zunächst mit einer Klebmasseschicht vorzugsweise vollflächig benetzt, und dann wird das vorzugsweise als Rollenware zur Verfügung gestellte Filament abgewickelt und direkt bevor es auf die Klebmasseschicht aufgelegt wird mit einem Plasma bzw. einer Corona behandelt. Es ist alternativ auch möglich, das Filament mit Plasma zu behandeln und wieder aufzuwickeln und kurze Zeit später abzuwickeln und dann direkt auf die Klebmasseschicht aufzubringen. Abschließend wird in beiden Fällen noch eine weitere Klebmasseschicht aufgebracht. Wenn die Klebmasseschicht und die weitere Klebmasseschicht die gleiche Klebmasse aufweisen, ist das Filament in die Klebmasseschicht eingebettet.The carrier film is first wetted over an entire area with an adhesive layer, and then the filament, which is preferably made available as a roll product, is unwound and treated directly with a plasma or a corona before it is applied to the adhesive layer. Alternatively, it is also possible to treat the filament with plasma and rewind and a short time later unwind and then apply directly to the adhesive layer. Finally, in both cases a further layer of adhesive is applied. If the adhesive layer and the further adhesive layer have the same adhesive, the filament is embedded in the adhesive layer.
Weiterhin besteht auch die Möglichkeit der Vorbehandlung der ersten Klebmasseschicht, in die das wenigstens eine Filament eingebracht wird. Die physikalische Vorbehandlung dieser ersten Klebmasseschicht kann identisch oder verändert zur Behandlung des wenigstens einen Filaments erfolgen. Eine Vorbehandlung der ersten Klebmasseschicht erfolgt unmittelbar vor dem Einbringen der Filamente.Furthermore, there is also the possibility of pretreatment of the first adhesive layer in which the at least one filament is introduced. The physical pretreatment of this first adhesive layer can be identical or modified to treat the at least one filament. A pretreatment of the first adhesive layer takes place immediately before the introduction of the filaments.
Die Aufgabe wird in ihrem zweiten Aspekt durch ein Klebeband mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 gelöst. Das Klebeband wird vorzugsweise durch eines der oben beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellt.The object is achieved in its second aspect by an adhesive tape having the features of claim 10. The adhesive tape is preferably produced by one of the methods described above.
Das erfindungsgemäße Klebeband umfasst eine Klebmasseschicht und wenigstens ein in die Klebmasseschicht eingebrachtes Filament, wobei die Klebmasseschicht und/oder eine Oberfläche des wenigstens einen Filaments mit einem Plasma behandelt ist. Es kann entweder das wenigstens eine Filament oder die Klebmasseschicht oder beides mit Plasma behandelt sein.The adhesive tape according to the invention comprises an adhesive layer and at least one filament introduced into the adhesive layer, the adhesive layer and / or a surface of the at least one filament being treated with a plasma. Either the at least one filament or the adhesive layer or both may be plasma treated.
Vorzugsweise ist eine erste Klebmasseschicht mit Plasma behandelt und das wenigstens eine Filament auf der ersten Plasma behandelten Oberfläche der ersten Klebmasseschicht angeordnet und eine zweite Klebmasseschicht auf die erste plasmabehandelte Oberfläche der ersten Klebmasseschicht und auf das wenigstens eine Filament aufgebracht.Preferably, a first adhesive layer is treated with plasma and the at least one filament is arranged on the first plasma-treated surface of the first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer is applied to the first plasma-treated surface of the first adhesive layer and to the at least one filament.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in einer Figur beschrieben.The invention will be described with reference to an embodiment in a figure.
Dabei zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines statischen Schertests,
- Fig. 2
- einen beispielhaften Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Klebebands.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a static shear test,
- Fig. 2
- an exemplary structure of an adhesive tape according to the invention.
Eine Möglichkeit, die Einbindung eines Filaments in eine Klebmasseschicht zu prüfen, ist die Ermittlung der Scherbeständigkeit bei Verklebung auf einem gut zu beklebenden Untergrund. Als Untergrund wurde hier eine geätzte PET-Folie verwendet. Als Messmethode zur Bestimmung der Scherbeständigkeit wird ein herkömmlicher statischer Schertest verwendet, dessen Aufbau in Graphik 1 schematisch dargestellt ist. Die Prüfung wird wie folgt durchgeführt: Die geätzte PET-Folie wird vollflächig auf einer 2 x 25 x 50 mm großen Prüfplatte aus nicht geschliffenem Stahl befestigt. Auf die geätzte PET-Folie wird ein Klebebandstreifen von 40 x 13 mm auf einer Fläche von 20 x 13 mm verklebt; bei dem Klebebandstreifen handelt es sich um einen Folienträger 1, auf den eine aus Glasfaserfilamenten 21 bestehende Filamentschicht aufgelegt wurde, die mit einer Haftklebmasse 2 beschichtet wurde; als Haftklebmasse wurde hier Acrylatklebmasse verwendet.
Aus Vereinfachungsgründen ist bei dem Streifen die Klebemasse nur in der Verklebungsfläche gezeigt.For reasons of simplification, the adhesive is only shown in the bond area in the strip.
Es wurden Versuche mit zwei verschiedenen Glasfaserfilamenten unterschiedlicher Hersteller durchgeführt. Die beiden Glasfaserfilamente unterscheiden sich lediglich durch die verwendete Schlichte voneinander. Die Ergebnisse sind graphisch dargestellt:
- Die Zeitdauer bis zur Ablösung ist in der
Figur 3 dargestellt; bei dem ersten Filament betrug die Zeitdauer etwa 4.500 Minuten bis der Klebebandstreifen von der PET-Folie abgeschert wurde, im zweiten Versuch betrug die Zeitdauer nur etwa 1.000 Minuten.
- The time until replacement is in the
FIG. 3 shown; for the first filament, the time was about 4,500 minutes until the tape strip was sheared from the PET film, in the second run the time was only about 1,000 minutes.
Zusätzlich wurden die Scherwiderstände derselben Filamente nach einer Coronabehandlung vor der Beschichtung der Filamente mit Klebmasse gemessen.In addition, the shear resistances of the same filaments were measured after corona treatment prior to coating the filaments with adhesive.
Zunächst ist festzustellen, dass die Filamente unterschiedliche Scherwiderstände im unbehandelten Zustand aufweisen. Somit ist davon auszugehen, dass die Benetzbarkeit der Filamente unterschiedlich ist. Durch die Coronabehandlung als spezielle Form der Plasmabehandlung wird für beide Filamente der Scherwiderstand deutlich erhöht und angeglichen; es wird deutlich, dass die Plasmabehandlung trotz unterschiedlicher Benetzbarkeit der Rohfilamente zu einer vergleichbaren Benetzbarkeit nach der Plasmabehandlung führt. Durch die physikalische Oberflächenbehandlung der Filamente mittels Plasma können verschieden vorbehandelte Filamente gleichwertig in den Klebeverbund eingearbeitet werden.First, it should be noted that the filaments have different shear resistances in the untreated state. Thus, it is considered that the wettability of the filaments is different. By the corona treatment as a special form of plasma treatment, the shear resistance is significantly increased and adjusted for both filaments; It becomes clear that the plasma treatment, despite different wettability of the raw filaments, leads to a comparable wettability after the plasma treatment. Due to the physical surface treatment of the filaments by means of plasma, differently pretreated filaments can be incorporated equally into the adhesive bond.
Claims (14)
ein Liner oder eine Trägerfolie auf wenigstens einer Seite mit einer Klebmasseschicht versehen wird und
wenigstens ein Filament und/oder die Klebmasseschicht mit einem Plasma behandelt wird und
das wenigstens eine Filament in die Klebmasseschicht eingebracht wird.Process for producing an adhesive tape by
a liner or a carrier film is provided on at least one side with an adhesive layer and
at least one filament and / or the adhesive layer is treated with a plasma and
the at least one filament is introduced into the adhesive layer.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine erste Klebmasseschicht auf den Liner oder die Trägerfolie aufgebracht wird und eine Oberfläche des wenigstens einen Filaments plasmabehandelte wird und auf die erste Klebmasseschicht aufgebacht wird und weiter vorzugsweise eine zweite Klebmasseschicht auf das wenigstens eine plasmabehandelte Filament und die erste Klebmasseschicht aufgebacht wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that a first adhesive layer is applied to the liner or the carrier film and a surface of the at least one filament is plasma-treated and applied to the first adhesive layer and more preferably a second adhesive layer is applied to the at least one plasma-treated filament and the first adhesive layer.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine erste Klebmasseschicht auf den Liner oder die Trägerfolie aufgebracht wird, eine Oberfläche der ersten Klebmasseschicht plasmabehandelt wird und das wenigstens eine Filament auf die erste plasmabehandelte Oberfläche der ersten Klebmasseschicht aufgebacht wird und eine zweite Klebmasseschicht auf das wenigstens eine Filament und die plasmabehandelte Oberfläche der ersten Klebmasseschicht aufgebacht wird.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that a first adhesive layer is applied to the liner or the carrier film, a surface of the first adhesive layer is plasma-treated and the at least one filament is applied to the first plasma-treated surface of the first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer is applied to the at least one filament and the plasma-treated Surface of the first adhesive layer is gebacht.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Luft, Kohlenstoffdioxid, Edelgase oder Stickstoff oder deren Mischungen als Prozessgas zur Plasmabehandlung verwendet werden.Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
characterized in that air, carbon dioxide, noble gases or nitrogen or mixtures thereof are used as a process gas for plasma treatment.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Wasserstoff, Alkane, Alkene, Alkine, Silane, siliziumorganische Monomere, Acrylatmonomere, Wasser, Alkohole, Peroxide und organische Säuren dem Prozessgas als Dampf oder Aerosole beigemischt werden.Method according to claim 4
characterized in that hydrogen, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, silanes, organosilicon monomers, acrylate monomers, water, alcohols, peroxides and organic acids are added to the process gas as steam or aerosols.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Filament aus der Gruppe PET-Fasern, Kohlefasern, Keflarfasern oder Glasfasern gewählt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the at least one filament is selected from the group of PET fibers, carbon fibers, Keflarfasern or glass fibers.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Filament aus einem Bündel von Einzelfilamenten gebildet wird, die mit einer Schlichte verbunden werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the at least one filament is formed from a bundle of single filaments which are joined with a size.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Glasfasern mit Schlichte zu einem Filament gebündelt werden und Filamente mit unterschiedlichen Schlichten zur Herstellung des Klebebandes verwendet werden und alle Filamente mit unterschiedlichen Schlichten plasmabehandelt werden.Method according to claim 7,
characterized in that glass fibers are bundled with sizing to a filament and filaments are used with different sizes for the production of the adhesive tape and all filaments are plasma treated with different sizes.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Filament über seine gesamte Ausdehnung plasmabehandelt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the at least one filament is plasma-treated over its entire extent.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klebmasseschicht und/oder eine Oberfläche des wenigstens einen Filaments mit einem Plasma behandelt ist.Adhesive tape with an adhesive layer and at least one filament introduced into the adhesive layer,
characterized in that the adhesive layer and / or a surface of the at least one filament is treated with a plasma.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Filament aus der Gruppe PET-Fasern, Kohlefasern, Keflarfasern oder Glasfasern stammt.Adhesive tape according to claim 10,
characterized in that the at least one filament is selected from the group consisting of PET fibers, carbon fibers, keflar fibers or glass fibers.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Filament aus mit Schlichte gebündelten Glasfasereinzelfilamenten besteht.Adhesive tape according to Claim 10 or 11,
characterized in that the at least one filament consists of plain glass-fiber filaments bundled with size.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Filament mit Plasma behandelt ist.Adhesive tape according to one of claims 10, 11 or 12,
characterized in that the at least one filament is treated with plasma.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klebmasseschicht auf einem Liner oder einer Trägerfolie, insbesondere einer PET-Folie aufgebracht ist.Adhesive tape according to at least one of claims 10 to 13,
characterized in that the adhesive layer is applied to a liner or a carrier film, in particular a PET film.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016220682.6A DE102016220682A1 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2016-10-21 | Physical pretreatment for filament incorporation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3312253A1 true EP3312253A1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
| EP3312253B1 EP3312253B1 (en) | 2023-01-25 |
Family
ID=61765614
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17197435.5A Active EP3312253B1 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2017-10-20 | Physical pretreatment for encapsulating a filament |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20180112109A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3312253B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6612829B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR102012434B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN107974211B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR102017021178A2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102016220682A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2017013330A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3092326B1 (en) * | 2019-02-06 | 2021-01-22 | Adhex Tech | Self-adhesive permeable membrane and method of manufacturing such a self-adhesive permeable membrane |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR102012434B1 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
| EP3312253B1 (en) | 2023-01-25 |
| JP6612829B2 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
| US20180112109A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
| BR102017021178A2 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
| JP2018109145A (en) | 2018-07-12 |
| DE102016220682A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
| CN107974211B (en) | 2021-07-27 |
| CN107974211A (en) | 2018-05-01 |
| KR20180044201A (en) | 2018-05-02 |
| MX2017013330A (en) | 2018-09-27 |
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