EP3305017A1 - Elektrische heizeinrichtung für mobile anwendungen - Google Patents
Elektrische heizeinrichtung für mobile anwendungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3305017A1 EP3305017A1 EP16732222.1A EP16732222A EP3305017A1 EP 3305017 A1 EP3305017 A1 EP 3305017A1 EP 16732222 A EP16732222 A EP 16732222A EP 3305017 A1 EP3305017 A1 EP 3305017A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating conductor
- heating device
- substrate
- region
- curve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0227—Applications
- H05B1/023—Industrial applications
- H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
- H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric heating device for mobile applications, in particular such an electric heater, which has a substrate and a heat conductor layer formed on the substrate, which has at least one extending in a main plane Edelleiterbahn.
- a heating device for mobile applications is understood in the present context to mean a heating device which is designed for use in mobile applications and adapted accordingly. This means, in particular, that it is transportable (possibly permanently installed in a vehicle or merely accommodated for transport therein) and is not designed exclusively for a permanent, stationary use, as is the case, for example, when heating a building.
- the heating device can also be permanently installed in a vehicle (land vehicle, ship, etc.), in particular in a land vehicle.
- it may be designed to heat a vehicle interior, such as a land, water or air vehicle, as well as a partially open space, such as those found on ships, especially yachts.
- the heating device can also be temporarily used in a stationary manner, for example in large tents, containers (for example construction containers), etc.
- the electric heating device for mobile applications can be used as a stationary or auxiliary heater for a land vehicle, such as For example, for a caravan, a motorhome, a bus, a car, etc., be designed.
- WO 2013/186106 A1 describes an electrical heating device for a motor vehicle with a heating resistor designed as a conductor track on a substrate.
- the interconnect is bifilar and in the area of a Leiterb ahnumlenkung in the opposite direction a widened isolation area is provided.
- the broadened insulation region is intended to cause a current flow to set as far as possible through the full width of the conductor track, in order to avoid areas which flow particularly well through locally on the inside and poorly flowed through regions in the outer edge region of the conductor track.
- the electric heater has a substrate and a heating conductor layer formed on the substrate.
- the heat conductor layer has at least one heat conductor, which extends in a main plane on the substrate.
- the Schuleiterbahn is structured such that a plurality of side by side running, separated by Isolierunterbrechungen track sections is formed.
- the heating conductor has at least one curved section on which the heating conductor is deflected in the main plane and the heating conductor is formed in the curved section such that it has a smaller thickness in the region of the inner curve in the direction perpendicular to the main plane than in the region of outside curve.
- the heating conductor can in particular be deflected by at least 90 °.
- the Schuleiterbahn in the curved section by more than 120 ° be deflected, more preferably by more than 150 °. Due to the smaller thickness of the heating conductor in the region of the inner curve, in which the current path is shortened in the direction of extension of the heating conductor with respect to the outer curve, the electrical resistance in the region of the inner curve is increased in relation to the region of the outer curve. In this way it is avoided that the current flowing through the heating conductor flows primarily in the region of the inner curve and therefore locally very high current flows occur there, which lead to a particularly strong local heating in the inner curve.
- Such strong localized heating would strongly influence the life of the electrical heating device, since a premature failure of the heating conductor is to be expected, especially in such areas of strong local heating
- the smaller thickness in the region of the inner curve results in a significantly more homogenous current distribution across the width of the heating conductor in the curved section, whereby a significant reduction in the maximum local temperatures is achieved additional space in the main plane is required, which would prevent the most efficient utilization of the available space.
- the embodiment according to the invention can also be provided in a very simple and cost-effective manner r Schuleiterbahn allows the present invention to increase the achievable heating power per unit area, since the possible heating power mainly by critical points at which local "hot spots" can form is determined.
- the solution according to the invention has a particularly strong effect if the specified reduced thickness of the inner curve relative to the outer curve is realized in the region of a turning point at which the heating conductor is deflected by at least approximately 180 °.
- the main plane on the substrate in which the Schuleiterbahn extends not necessarily be flat, but may also be curved or curved, for example.
- the heating conductor track is structured in the curved section in such a way that the thickness increases stepwise from the inside curve to the outside curve.
- Such a step-like structuring of the heating conductor can be realized in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner, for example by a partial removal of the material of the heating conductor, in particular, for example by means of laser processing, in which the laser in the region of the Kurvenab- Cut is driven in several passes over the different areas.
- the heating conductor track may in the curved section particularly preferably have at least two different thickness levels (inside and outside), but more preferably, for example, more different thickness levels may be formed so that the thickness of the heating conductor path increases from the inside curve to the outside curve in several stages.
- the thickness for example, increases substantially continuously from the inner curve to the outer curve.
- the Schwarzauerbahn then, for example, a substantially wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile.
- the heating conductor layer is a layer deposited on the substrate over a wide area and subsequently structured with material removal.
- the heating conductor layer can preferably be applied to the substrate by a thermal spraying method and subsequently structured by laser processing.
- other methods such as printing process, casting or the like for forming the Schuleiter für conceivable.
- other methods of structuring are possible, such as etching, mechanical abrasion, ultrasound or the like.
- the heat conductor layer is preferably made of an electrically conductive metallic material and separated by an intermediate, electrically insulating and thermally highly conductive intermediate layer of the material of the substrate.
- the heat conductor layer can be formed, for example, from a nickel-chromium alloy and be separated from the material of the substrate via an aluminum oxide layer.
- the substrate itself may preferably have a good thermal conductivity, in particular be made of a metal.
- the respective Schuleiterbahn may preferably have a width of a few millimeters, in particular a width between 2.5 mm and 5 mm, and a thickness (in the direction perpendicular to the substrate) in the range of 5 ⁇ to 30 ⁇ , in particular in the range of 10 ⁇ to 25 ⁇ .
- the smaller thickness in the region of the inner curve is formed by an increased material removal in relation to the region of the outer curve.
- This can be achieved, for example, in a particularly reliable and cost-effective manner by laser processing of the heating conductor in the curved section.
- the heat conductor in the area of the outer curve, can be left at its initial thickness, the thickness in the region of the inner curve can be greatly reduced by material removal and in an intermediate one Area in the width direction of the Schuleiterbahn a lesser material removal done, so there is an intermediate thickness is achieved.
- the thickness of the heating conductor in the region of the inner curve is at most 65% of the thickness of the heating conductor in the region of the outer curve, preferably at most 50%, more preferably at most 30%. In this way, the formation of hot spots can be particularly reliably suppressed.
- the at least one curved section is a reversal point at which the heating conductor track is deflected in such a way that inner track sections with mutually opposite current flow directions run adjacent and parallel to one another.
- the danger of the formation of the life of the electric heaters limiting "hot spots" is particularly pronounced, so that the inventive solution has a particularly advantageous effect.
- the distance between the adjacent inner track sections with mutually opposite current flow directions in the region of the reversal point on the inside is widened locally.
- the reduction thickness in the area of the inner curve With such a local broadening of the distance, the formation of "hot spots" can be suppressed particularly reliably, however, it should be noted that the realization of the reduced thickness in the area of the inner curve is basically possible to dispense with such local broadening of the distance or at least to reduce the extent of the distance broadening, whereby an improved surface utilization of the surface of the substrate is achieved.
- the at least one heating conductor extends in a bifilar pattern on the substrate. Due to the bifilar arrangement, the heating conductor track can cover the surface provided by the substrate to a great extent with small empty areas. Furthermore, the bifilar arrangement makes it possible to minimize possible interference radiation by the electric heater.
- track sections of the heating conductor track are arranged side by side in such a way that track sections through which current flows or flow-through can each be arranged next to one another.
- at least substantially all provided for heating web sections of Schuleiterbahn be part of the bifilar arrangement. In this way you can the generated electromagnetic fields cancel each other at least partially.
- connection areas for connection to an electrical power supply can also be arranged non-bifilarly.
- the remaining regions of the heating conductor can preferably be arranged at least substantially bifilarly.
- the heating conductor has two curved sections formed as reversal point.
- the Schwarzleiterbahn has exactly two such reversal points, an optimized bifilar arrangement can be realized, which has a low electromagnetic radiation and thereby has only a few areas in which an elevated temperature occurs during operation.
- each of the heating conductors may preferably have two reversal points each.
- the electric heating device is designed as a high-voltage heater for an operating voltage in the range between 150 V and 900 V, preferably between 200 V and 600 V. However, it is e.g. also a design up to over 1000 volts possible. In this case, the electric heater can be particularly advantageous e.g. be used in an electric or hybrid vehicle, without consuming voltage transformers are required.
- the heating conductor layer covers at least 80% of the substrate surface, preferably at least 85% of the substrate surface. In this case, a very good utilization of the available substrate surface is given and it is still still a sufficient isolation of the individual track sections against each other. In particular, the heat conductor layer may cover less than 95% of the substrate surface.
- an electrically insulating material is arranged in the insulation breaks.
- the electrically insulating material may preferably also cover the surface of the heating conductor track or heating conductor tracks which is remote from the substrate in addition to the insulation interruptions.
- the electrically insulating material may in particular preferably be deposited as a layer after the heating conductor track or the heating conductor tracks have been formed.
- the electrically insulating material is preferably on the one hand electrically very good insulating, on the other hand, but very good thermal conductivity. Due to the electrically insulating material, the width of the Isolierunterbrechungen can be kept relatively small, so that the available standing surface of the substrate can be efficiently used for the Schuleiterbahn or Schuleiterbahnen.
- the heating conductor track is designed such that at least over a predominant portion of its length, in each case two track sections extend adjacent to and parallel to one another with the direction of current flow direction being rectilinear.
- the heating conductor can in particular be designed in such a way that, over at least 80% of the length, in each case two path sections with a directional current flow direction are adjacent and parallel to one another.
- the respective two track sections may be connected at their ends, in particular in each case to a common connection section for connection to an electrical power supply.
- This embodiment allows a particularly favorable distribution of the current flowing in the electric heating element and thus a particularly homogeneous distribution of the heating power.
- this structuring can be formed in a cost-effective simple manner, while making good use of the available surface of the substrate.
- At least one further layer is formed on the heat conductor layer.
- a plurality of layers may be formed on the heating conductor layer.
- an insulating layer may be formed on the heat conductor layer, which also fills the Isolierunterbrechungen between the web sections of the heating conductor.
- On the insulating layer may preferably be e.g. also be formed a sensor layer for monitoring the function of the electric heater.
- a high level of safety can be provided via the insulating layer by additionally insulating current-carrying areas.
- the electric heating device is a motor vehicle heating device.
- the electric heating device can be used in particular for heating a fluid, such as e.g. Air may be formed for an interior of the vehicle or a liquid in a fluid circuit of the vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric heater according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric heater according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a detail of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a detail of FIG. 1.
- Fig. 3 schematically shows the arrangement of a heat conductor layer on a substrate in the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a cross section of a web portion of FIG.
- Heating conductor in a curve section is a heating conductor in a curve section.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic, greatly enlarged view of a corner portion formed as a reversal point.
- Fig. 6 is an illustration corresponding to Fig. 2 of a detail in a modification of the embodiment.
- the electric heater 1 for mobile applications according to an embodiment is shown schematically in FIG.
- the electric heater 1 is configured to heat a fluid in a vehicle.
- the fluid may in particular be e.g. be formed by heated air or by a liquid in a fluid circuit of the vehicle.
- the electric heater 1 is designed in particular as a high-voltage heater for operation with an operating voltage in the range between 150 volts and 900 volts, in particular in the range between 200 volts and 600 volts. However, it is e.g. also a design up to over 1000 volts possible.
- the electric heating device 1 has a substrate 2, which may be formed in particular simultaneously as a heat exchanger for transmitting the released heating power to the fluid to be heated.
- a (not shown) underside may be provided with a plurality of heat exchanger fins or channels through which the fluid to be heated is passed.
- the substrate 2 may preferably be formed from a metallic material having a high heat transfer coefficient in a very cost-effective manner in terms of manufacturing technology, in particular, for example, made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. yaw.
- an electrically insulating layer 3 is deposited on the substrate 2, which has a high thermal conductivity.
- the electrically insulating layer 3 may, for example, preferably be formed in particular by aluminum oxide.
- the electrically insulating layer 3 may be deposited on the substrate 2 in a thermal spraying process.
- the electrically insulating layer 3 for example, by targeted oxidation of the surface of the substrate 2 are formed.
- the electrically insulating layer 3 is designed to electrically insulate the substrate 2 from a heat conductor layer 4 described below, but to allow a good heat transfer to the material of the substrate 2.
- the electric heater 1 further has a heat conductor layer 4 deposited on the substrate 2 (or on the insulating layer 3 formed on the substrate 2).
- the heating conductor layer 4 is formed of a metallic material and may be e.g. in particular have a nickel-chromium alloy.
- the heating conductor layer 4 may preferably be deposited in particular in a thermal spraying process. Alternatively, however, it is e.g. also possible, the Schuleiter Mrs 4 e.g. to be deposited in a printing or casting process.
- the heating conductor layer 4 is structured in such a way that at least one heating conductor 5 is designed, which is designed to release ohmic heat when an electrical voltage is applied between its opposite ends becomes.
- connections 9a, 9b are provided for connecting the heating conductor tracks 5 to an electrical power supply.
- two such terminals are electrically isolated from each other, arranged side by side on one edge of the substrate 2.
- the first connection 9a is designed for electrically contacting the heating conductor track 5 and applying a first electrical potential
- the second connection conclusion 9b for electrically contacting the Schuleiterbahn 5 and applying another, second potential formed.
- a desired potential difference can be applied to the heating conductor 5 via the two terminals 9a, 9b.
- the heating conductor 5 is structured such that it extends in a bifilar pattern on the substrate 2.
- the heating conductor 5 is structured so that it has a plurality of side by side on the substrate 2 formed path sections 6, which are separated by insulation breaks 7 from each other and thus electrically isolated from each other.
- the Isolierunterbrechungen 7 preferably be formed in that the Schuleiter- layer 4 was first deposited flat on the substrate 2 and then the material of the Schuleitertik 4 was selectively removed in the area of Isolierunterbrechungen 7, in particular for example by laser processing.
- the respective current flow directions in the heating conductor 5 are shown schematically by arrows to make the structure of the Schuleiterbahn 5 better visible.
- the insulation breaks 7 formed between the respective track sections 6 have an at least substantially constant width over their longitudinal extent. In this way it is achieved that the track sections 6 of the heating conductor 5 cover the surface of the substrate over a large area, so that the available surface is optimally utilized for the formation of heating power providing web sections 6.
- the heating conductor track 5 thus has a multiplicity of track sections 6 in such a way that track sections 6 which are always traversed by current in the opposite direction extend over the greater part of their extent next to one another. In this way, a very low electromagnetic radiation of the electric heater 1 is achieved.
- the heating conductor 5 is designed such that the heating conductor 5 is also longitudinally subdivided over a predominant region of its longitudinal extent, so that two web sections 6 through which current flows in the same direction run alongside each other and these only in the immediate vicinity Near the terminals 9a and 9b are connected to each other. In this way, an advantageous division of the current flow in the plane of the substrate 2 is achieved.
- the heating conductor 5 has a plurality of curved sections 8, on which the heating conductor 5 is deflected in the predetermined by the substrate main plane.
- two of the curve sections 8 are formed as reversal points 10. At these reversal points 10, the heating conductor 5 is deflected in the main plane over a total of substantially 180 ° so that inner track sections 6a with opposite current flow direction separated only by a Isolierunterbrechung 7 side by side and parallel to each other, as shown in particular in Fig. 5 schematically ,
- the configuration of the heating conductor 5 in the region of such a curved portion 10 formed as a reversal point 10 will be described in more detail below.
- a curve section 8 of the heating conductor 5, which is designed as a reversal point 10 there is a problem without special countermeasures, which will be described in more detail, that the flowing electric current predominantly seeks the path of least electrical resistance.
- an increased current flow occurs without countermeasures and in the area of the outer curve 10b, a significantly lower current flow occurs.
- the heating conductor 5 is formed in the embodiment at least at the curve 10 formed as a reversal point 8 such that they in the The area of the inner curve 10a has a smaller thickness in the direction perpendicular to the main plane than in the area of the outer curve 10b.
- the Schuleiterbahn 5 is thereby der- structured such that their thickness increases in steps from the inner curve 10a to the outer curve 10b, as shown schematically in Fig. 4.
- Such step-like structuring in the direction transverse to the heating conductor 5 can be formed in a very simple and cost-effective manner, for example, by leaving the heating conductor 5 from an initial thickness of the heating conductor layer 4, which is left in the region of the outer curve 1 lb, in the direction of the Inside curve 10a arranged areas is partially removed by means of a laser processing to a smaller thickness.
- This can preferably take place in particular in the same working step, in which the material of the heating conductor layer 4 is also removed to form the insulation breaks 7.
- a non-stepped, but continuously changing thickness of Edelleiterbahn 5 across its width This can be achieved, for example, by mechanical processing or removal with a variable laser, for example with a variable focus.
- the heating conductor 5 can be structured in the curved section 8, for example with two steps, so that overall three height levels are realized in the direction transverse to the heating conductor 5. However, it is also possible, for example, to form only two different height levels or more than three height levels.
- the thickness of the heating conductor 5 can preferably be reduced considerably in the region of the inner curve 10a in comparison to the region of the outer curve 10b.
- the thickness of the heating conductor track 5 in the area of the inner curve 10a can be at most 65% of the thickness of the heating conductor track 5 in the area of the outer curve 10b, preferably at most 50%, more preferably at most 30%.
- the heating conductor 5 in the region of the outer curve 10b for example, about 25 ⁇ thick, in the region of the inner curve only about 5 ⁇ thick and in an intermediate region about 15 ⁇ thick.
- the temperature in the inner curve 10a can be significantly reduced by about 60 ° C (in the specific example, for example, from about 240 ° C to about 180 ° C).
- the reduction of the thickness of the heating conductor layer 4 in the area of the inner curve 10a leads to a more homogeneous distribution of the electric current across the width of the heating conductor track 5 due to the concomitant increase in the electrical resistance in the inner curve 10a.
- the further insulating layer 11 is formed, which covers the upper side of the heating conductor layer 4 facing away from the substrate 2.
- the further insulating layer 11 is in particular designed such that it also fills the insulating breaks 7 between the track sections 6 of the heating conductor tracks 5. In this way, a particularly good insulation of the web sections 6 is ensured with each other.
- the further insulating layer 11 may be e.g. after structuring of the heating conductor layer 4 on the structured heating conductor tracks 5 are deposited.
- the deposition may be e.g. again preferably by a thermal spraying method, a casting method or the like.
- the further insulating layer 11 may be e.g. again be formed by alumina, in order to achieve a good electrical insulation and at the same time a good thermal conductivity. It may preferably be e.g. also be provided on the further insulating layer 11 still apply one or more further layers. In particular, it may e.g. be advantageous to form at least one more sensor layer for monitoring the function of the electric heater 1.
- the local reduction of the thickness in the region of the inner curve 10a of a curve section 8 can be found in particular e.g. be relatively locally formed over an area in the immediate vicinity or environment of the curve section 8, as indicated in particular in Fig. 5 schematically by dashed lines.
- the additional structuring of the thickness of the heating conductor 5 is e.g. realized only in the area to the right of the dashed lines and in the area to the left of the dashed lines, the heating conductor 5 has over its width substantially constant thickness.
- the electric heater 100 according to the modification differs only from the embodiment described above in that the distance between the adjacent inner track sections 6a is formed locally broadened with mutually opposite Stromfluß- directions in the region of the turning point 10 on the inside. Since the further features of the modification correspond to the previously described embodiment, only the differences from the embodiment will be described below and the same reference numerals are used to designate the corresponding components.
- the distance between the adjacent inner web sections 6a is locally broadened in the region of the reversal point 10 such that the deflection of the heating conductor web at the reversal point 10 has a substantially drop-shaped or match head-shaped region 12 includes.
- the enclosed area 12 in the illustrated embodiment is completely separated from the track sections 6a by the insulation break 7, it is also possible, for example, for this area 12 to be electrically connected to one of the two track sections 6a in an area somewhat distant from the turning point 10 is.
- the realization according to the modification thus counteracts an excessive heating in the region of the reversal point 10 with two measures, on the one hand with the reduction of the layer thickness of the heating conductor 5 in the region of the inner curve 10a with respect to the outer curve 10b, on the other hand with the local broadening of the distance between the neigh Hard internal track sections 6a in the region of the reversal point 10. In this way, an undesired local temperature increase can thus be counteracted particularly effectively.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015108582.8A DE102015108582A1 (de) | 2015-05-30 | 2015-05-30 | Elektrische Heizeinrichtung für mobile Anwendungen |
PCT/DE2016/100248 WO2016192715A1 (de) | 2015-05-30 | 2016-05-29 | Elektrische heizeinrichtung für mobile anwendungen |
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EP3305017A1 true EP3305017A1 (de) | 2018-04-11 |
EP3305017B1 EP3305017B1 (de) | 2021-07-14 |
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EP16732222.1A Active EP3305017B1 (de) | 2015-05-30 | 2016-05-29 | Elektrische heizeinrichtung für mobile anwendungen |
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EP (1) | EP3305017B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102015108582A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016192715A1 (de) |
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DE102017219960A1 (de) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-09 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Elektrische Fahrzeug-Heizvorrichtung |
DE102018100635A1 (de) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | Webasto SE | Wärmetauscher und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Wärmetauschers |
DE102019106797B4 (de) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-04-01 | Webasto SE | Verfahren zur Herstellung unterschiedlicher elektrischer Leitfähigkeiten innerhalb einer Leiterbahn, Verwendung des Verfahrens sowie Leiterbahn |
DE102019127753A1 (de) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-15 | Türk + Hillinger GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Heizelements für elektrische Heizvorrichtungen und/oder Lastwiderstände |
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NL1029484C2 (nl) * | 2005-07-11 | 2007-01-12 | Ferro Techniek Holding Bv | Verwarmingselement voor toepassing in een inrichting voor het verwarmen van vloeistoffen. |
KR101005733B1 (ko) * | 2006-07-20 | 2011-01-06 | 와틀로 일렉트릭 매뉴팩츄어링 컴파니 | 도전성 오버레이를 가지는 층형 히터 시스템 |
DE102012209936A1 (de) | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | Webasto Ag | Elektrische Heizeinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
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2016
- 2016-05-29 EP EP16732222.1A patent/EP3305017B1/de active Active
- 2016-05-29 WO PCT/DE2016/100248 patent/WO2016192715A1/de unknown
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EP3305017B1 (de) | 2021-07-14 |
DE102015108582A1 (de) | 2016-12-01 |
WO2016192715A1 (de) | 2016-12-08 |
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