EP3297911A1 - Drone avec rotor a pas variable - Google Patents
Drone avec rotor a pas variableInfo
- Publication number
- EP3297911A1 EP3297911A1 EP16727541.1A EP16727541A EP3297911A1 EP 3297911 A1 EP3297911 A1 EP 3297911A1 EP 16727541 A EP16727541 A EP 16727541A EP 3297911 A1 EP3297911 A1 EP 3297911A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drone
- rotor
- rotors
- pitch
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/54—Mechanisms for controlling blade adjustment or movement relative to rotor head, e.g. lag-lead movement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U10/00—Type of UAV
- B64U10/10—Rotorcrafts
- B64U10/13—Flying platforms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
- B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
- B64U30/29—Constructional aspects of rotors or rotor supports; Arrangements thereof
- B64U30/296—Rotors with variable spatial positions relative to the UAV body
Definitions
- mini-UAVs take-off weight ⁇ 25kg
- multirotor drones consist of several fixed pitch rotors (at least 3) whose different thrusts allow lift and control of the drone.
- the major advantage of this configuration over conventional helicopter models lies in its simplicity: only a few motors directly driving fixed pitch rotors (similar to aircraft propellers), servo-controlled by an inertial unit and controlled by a small calculator, to fly almost any object.
- the document FR 2995875 describes a drone with a fuselage whose impact resistance is improved.
- the fuselage is provided with a shock absorbing member.
- the document WO2015 / 036907 describes a drone on which four rotors are distributed on a steering wheel surrounding a central fuselage element.
- the rotors and the propulsion elements arranged on the steering wheel are removably provided so as to reconfigure their positions.
- US3053480 discloses a variable pitch drone with centralized motorization.
- CN103786879 describes an aerobatic drone with variable pitch whose blades are non-twisted.
- a first object of the invention is to provide a drone for optimal intensive use.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a drone with a high autonomy.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a drone with improved flight characteristics.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a drone capable of supporting a wider range of onboard loads.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a drone whose vibration level is particularly reduced.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a drone easily manageable.
- the invention provides a multirotor drone whose lift in the air is obtained by means of the use of at least three non-coaxial rotors each participating in a significant fraction of the total lift required for the flight, comprising a cell connected to a plurality of motorized axes spaced from each other, each motorized axis being connected to a variable pitch rotor assembly comprising a collective pitch variation module and twisted blades.
- the MRPV drone always uses the same physical principles as an MRPF to ensure its sustenance and control. On the other hand, it is in the way the rotors provide their thrusts that the operation of the MRPV is fundamentally different from the MRPF.
- a variable collective pitch rotor is capable of providing, for a given rotational speed, a thrust whose intensity and direction depend directly on the collective pitch setpoint.
- An MRPV is equipped with an independent collective pitch control device on each rotor, to precisely control the value and the direction of its thrust, to obtain control according to the same physical principles as a MRPF. It is no longer necessary for a MRPV to vary frequently and abruptly the rotational speeds of each rotor, to ensure its own control.
- the rotors of an MRPV can rotate at a substantially constant rotational speed.
- the instability problems of the MRPFs during downhill flight phases are greatly mitigated by the use of variable collective pitch rotors.
- the rotor incidence therefore remains in aerodynamically acceptable values: the main cause of downhill turbulence is thus eliminated.
- the MRPV can adopt much higher descent speeds than an MRPF, while keeping a constant rotational speed of the rotors, and thus a control well superior to an MRPF, for which the descending flight is conditioned to a frank decline. the rotational speed of the rotors and an operation of said rotor outside the limits of its aerodynamic range.
- At least one twisted blade is configured with a twisting greater than substantially 3 ° and preferably greater than 5 ° between its two ends. Twisting the blades optimizes the lift over substantially the entire length of the blade resulting in an improvement in its aerodynamic efficiency.
- the collective pitch variation module comprises a slider arranged to slidably control the pitch variation of all the blades and a control rod, the axis of the rotor and the control rod of the slider. being coaxial.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous by the simplification provided by both the reduced number of parts and the large space saving because the motor and the rotor are relatively close to each other.
- a hollow shaft motor must be specifically provided.
- the collective pitch variation module comprises a slider arranged to slidably control the pitch variation of all the blades, the rotor axis and the control rod of the slider being substantially parallel.
- the collective pitch variation module comprises a slider arranged to slidably control the pitch variation of all the blades through a plurality of connecting rods connecting each blade to the slider.
- the slider is mounted under the rotor and controlled by an actuator spaced radially from the axis of the rotor.
- the slider is mounted above the rotor and controlled by an axial displacement of the control rod to which the slider is connected.
- the variation module of the collective pitch is controlled by a collective pitch actuator.
- the drone rotors having known properties, the engines are advantageously designed according to these characteristics.
- the rotational speed of the rotors conferring the best aerodynamic efficiency being known the motors are designed to have their optimal performance in correspondence with the optimal speed of the rotors. This double optimization, coupled with the use of a substantially constant rotational speed, gives the drone a reduced consumption, and consequently, an autonomy unmatched to date in the field of low mass drones.
- the preferred speed range for an MRPV of mass less than 10 kg is between 1000 rpm and 3000 rpm.
- the drone comprises a motor for each of the rotors.
- the mass of the drone is greater than 1, 5 kg, and advantageously between 1, 5 and 25 kg, and more preferably between 1, 8 and 15 kg.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a drone according to the invention
- FIG. 2A is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the variable pitch device of the drone according to the invention.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the variable pitch device of a drone
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a twisted rotor blade according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the second embodiment of the variable pitch device of the drone according to the invention.
- Rotor disk load the rotor disk load of a multirotor drone is defined by the M / S ratio.
- M represents the maximum mass of the take-off drone, ie the mass including the drone, its payload and its energy source (batteries or fuel).
- N the number of rotors
- D the diameter of each rotor
- the payload of a drone includes all elements that are not directly necessary for the implementation, the flight and the navigation of it.
- the payload generally comprises: the on-board sensors for the mission, the carrycots, the communication and control elements between the payload and the operator, etc.
- - 6s is the absolute value of the angle between the chord of the blade profile at the end of the blade outside of any particular salmon geometry and the plane of rotation of the rotor.
- ⁇ ⁇ is the absolute value of the angle between the chord of the profile at a radial position r / R e ⁇ 0.3..0.9 ⁇ on the bearing portion of the blade, and the plane of rotation of the rotor.
- MRPF Multirotor drone equipped with fixed pitch rotors.
- M RPV Multirotor drone equipped with variable collective pitch rotors.
- Drone this term refers to remotely piloted aircraft as defined in the Decree of 1 April 2012 on the "Design of Civil Aircraft Operating Withoutêt anyone on Board, the Conditions of their Use and the Required Capacities of people who use them. In short, it is any aircraft capable of unmanned flight on board, which is controlled either by a computer (on board or on the ground) or by an operator on the ground, used for recreational purposes, competitions , or professional.
- the invention preferably relates to multirotor drones equipped with 4 to 6 rotors, but also between 3 and 10 rotors.
- Rotors with variable pitch rotor whose blade pitch can be controlled during the rotation of the rotor, so as to adjust its collective pitch.
- a collective step actuator controls each MRPV rotor. It is achieved by means of electric servocontrols arranged either in the immediate vicinity of the rotor, or centralized in the aircraft.
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION A collective step actuator controls each MRPV rotor. It is achieved by means of electric servocontrols arranged either in the immediate vicinity of the rotor, or centralized in the aircraft.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective representation of a multirotor drone 1 comprising four rotors 1 1.
- the rotors 11 are arranged according to different axes in order to allow the lift of the drone 1 in the air.
- the rotors 1 1 each participate in a significant fraction of the total lift required for the flight.
- the drone 1 multirotor may comprise from three to six or even eight rotors.
- the cell comprises an elongate central body on which four arms 3 are connected.
- the elongated body allows optimal management of the center of gravity.
- the arms are connected towards the front of the body, thus allowing additional masses to be added to the front, for example a camera 6 in the illustrated example.
- the architecture of the arms allows a particularly wide viewing angle, as shown in the figure by the dotted rectangle illustrating an example of a field of view of the camera 6.
- the arms 3 make it possible to arrange the rotors 1 1 in an optimal arrangement forming two pairs of rotors, each pair being located on one and the same side of the body of the cell 2.
- the circumferences or spans E of the two rotors of a pair are immediate proximity, without contact.
- the front rotors are positioned substantially opposite the head of the camera 6, at the front of the cell.
- the opposite front and back arms are off-axis, both angularly and spaced a few millimeters apart, so that the arms do not form a perfect cross.
- the drone consists of 4 identical rotors distributed around the center of gravity of the drone. These rotors are preferably arranged so as to attempt to optimize the following parameters:
- the spacing between the two rear rotors "d" is chosen so that the two rotor discs are close to the plumb wall of the fuselage, but no surface belonging to the fuselage is placed directly under the rotor discs.
- the spacing of the two front rotors "D” is chosen so that the two discs do not interfere with the field of view of a camera on board the drone, regardless of the viewing angle of the camera. the camera on the drone.
- the spacing of the front and rear rotors is chosen as low as possible without there being a collision between the rotors.
- the arms are all identical. This implementation reduces manufacturing costs by using a single mold for all arms.
- variable pitch rotors can consider different architectures of multirotors drones. Indeed, because of the rotation speeds necessarily equal between all the rotors of a multirotor drone with variable pitch, it is possible to envisage the use of a motor by rotor or of a motor driving several rotors with the help of a transmission system. Moreover, these motors can be electric or thermal.
- each rotor is driven by an independent powertrain, and disposed in the immediate vicinity of the rotor (non-centralized).
- Each powertrain necessarily contains a motor preferably electric, and a rotational speed control device, allowing the synchronization of these rotational speeds between all rotors. This arrangement is the simplest mechanically, it limits to the bare minimum the use of mechanical power transmission elements, and thus the yield losses and risks of failure associated therewith.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B respectively illustrate two embodiments of a variable pitch rotor assembly.
- the variable pitch device can be made according to different parallel or coaxial architectures. These two embodiments imply that a motor 5 drives a rotor axis 13 pivotally relative to the cell 2 of the drone 1.
- a rotor head 15 is fixed to the end of the rotor axis 13.
- Each rotor blade 12 is fixed to the rotor head 15 via a pivot link axis orthogonal to the rotor axis.
- the position of the blades 12 around this pivot connection corresponds to the collective pitch angle of the rotor 11. This angle is controlled by a slide 14 in sliding connection on the rotor axis 13, and connected to the blades 12 by collective rods 16.
- the actuator 18 vertically moves the slide pivot, which in turn drives the slide ring 19 in a translation along the rotor axis 13.
- the slide is driven by the slide ring in this translation, and rotates the blade feet thanks to the rods 16, thus changing the pitch of the rotor.
- the slide pivot is designed so that no part, other than the actuator, is needed to fix its position in the space.
- the slide pivot is in pivot connection with the slide ring and in ball joint connection with the actuator. Note that this arrangement allows a rotation movement of type "servo rudder" on the part of the actuator. This arrangement does not require adjustment or precise coaxiality between the movement of the actuator and the rotor axis.
- the actuator 18 vertically moves the control rod 17 which slides inside the rotor drive tube 13.
- This control rod is connected at its upper end to the connecting rods 16, which thus pivot the blade feet, changing the pitch of the rotor.
- the induced power (ideal) necessary for the lift is inversely proportional to the diameter of its rotors.
- a good indicator of the performance of a multirotor drone is therefore the load of its rotor disks (expressed in kg m- 2 ), because it is proportional at the ideal mass power required for hovering.
- MRPFs of less than 2kg conventionally used have a rotor disk charge of between 4, 5kg. m “2 and more than 10kg.m " 2 , depending on the mass and the design choices (the more the MRPF's wing load increases, the more it is manageable). With an MRPV of less than 2kg, wing loads much lower than 4kg. m "2 are easily achievable, without any concern for maneuverability.
- the rotor blades of the variable pitch assembly according to the invention are provided with a twist distribution which makes it possible to improve the energy performances.
- the table below indicates the preferred twist ranges according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates in detail an exemplary embodiment of a rotor according to the invention provided with a set of collective pitch variation.
- the motor 5 drives a gearbox which is connected to a coupling 20.
- This coupling 20 transmits the rotation of the geared motor 5-7 to the rotor axis 13.
- the coaxiality of the geared motor 5-7 and the rotor shaft 13 is provided by a centering plate 21.
- the rotor axis 13 then causes the blades 12 to rotate through the blade roots.
- These blade feet are articulated around the axis of the blades to vary the pitch of the rotor.
- an actuator 18 (servocontrol) moves the slide along the rotor axis 13, and thus pivots the blade feet, via the connecting rods 16.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1501036A FR3036379B1 (fr) | 2015-05-19 | 2015-05-19 | Drone avec rotor a pas variable |
PCT/IB2016/000643 WO2016185265A1 (fr) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-05-13 | Drone avec rotor a pas variable |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3297911A1 true EP3297911A1 (fr) | 2018-03-28 |
Family
ID=54007757
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16727541.1A Withdrawn EP3297911A1 (fr) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-05-13 | Drone avec rotor a pas variable |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3297911A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3036379B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016185265A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180117981A1 (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Alberto Daniel Lacaze | Vehicle Capable of Multiple Varieties of Locomotion |
CN108860590A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-11-23 | 天津曙光天成科技有限公司 | 一种多旋翼无人机 |
JP6975977B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-12 | 2021-12-01 | 学校法人静岡理工科大学 | プロペラ装置 |
US11340618B2 (en) | 2019-08-08 | 2022-05-24 | Robotic Research Opco, Llc | Drone based inspection system at railroad crossings |
US11247089B2 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2022-02-15 | Robotic Research Opco, Llc | Chemical and biological warfare agent decontamination drone |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3053480A (en) * | 1959-10-06 | 1962-09-11 | Piasecki Aircraft Corp | Omni-directional, vertical-lift, helicopter drone |
US5628620A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1997-05-13 | Arlton; Paul E. | Main rotor system for helicopters |
US7857598B2 (en) * | 2006-06-26 | 2010-12-28 | Aerovel Corporation | Variable-twist rotor blade controlled by hub pitch angle and rotational speed |
FR2964573B1 (fr) | 2010-09-15 | 2012-09-28 | Parrot | Procede de pilotage d'un drone a voilure tournante a rotors multiples |
CN104220332B (zh) * | 2011-11-16 | 2017-04-05 | 瑞德优斯实验室有限公司 | 用于垂直/短距起飞及着陆的方法及设备 |
ITBO20110768A1 (it) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-06-30 | Univ Bologna Alma Mater | Elicottero quadrirotore (soluzione a). |
BR112014029130B1 (pt) * | 2012-05-21 | 2021-10-05 | Paul E. Arlton | Veículo com asa rotativa |
FR2995875B1 (fr) | 2012-09-21 | 2015-05-29 | A U E V Advanced Unmanned Electric Vehicle | Chassis de drone |
DE102013000168B4 (de) | 2013-01-09 | 2021-06-17 | Mdgroup Germany Gmbh | Aerodynamischer Multikopter / Quadrokopter |
ITPI20130081A1 (it) | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-11 | Sandro Moretti | Struttura perfezionata di drone |
CN103786879B (zh) * | 2014-02-08 | 2015-09-30 | 江苏艾锐泰克无人飞行器科技有限公司 | 一种变距飞行器 |
-
2015
- 2015-05-19 FR FR1501036A patent/FR3036379B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-05-13 WO PCT/IB2016/000643 patent/WO2016185265A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2016-05-13 EP EP16727541.1A patent/EP3297911A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3036379B1 (fr) | 2018-03-30 |
WO2016185265A1 (fr) | 2016-11-24 |
FR3036379A1 (fr) | 2016-11-25 |
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