EP3292967B1 - Fraise et volant d'inertie pour machines de hachoir à bois - Google Patents

Fraise et volant d'inertie pour machines de hachoir à bois Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3292967B1
EP3292967B1 EP17189581.6A EP17189581A EP3292967B1 EP 3292967 B1 EP3292967 B1 EP 3292967B1 EP 17189581 A EP17189581 A EP 17189581A EP 3292967 B1 EP3292967 B1 EP 3292967B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutter
cutting blade
clamping member
clamping
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17189581.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3292967A1 (fr
Inventor
Anthony Turner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TURNER DEVELOPMENT Ltd
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TURNER DEVELOPMENT Ltd
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Publication of EP3292967A1 publication Critical patent/EP3292967A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
    • B27G13/02—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools in the shape of long arbors, i.e. cylinder cutting blocks
    • B27G13/04—Securing the cutters by mechanical clamping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
    • B27G13/08—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools in the shape of disc-like members; Wood-milling cutters
    • B27G13/10—Securing the cutters, e.g. by clamping collars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutter for wood chipping machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a cutter is known from the document US3266539A1 .
  • Wood chippers are used by tree surgeons, contractors and public authorities to clear waste timber and turn it into a particulate material useful for mulching, compost production and possibly, also as a material for making wood-based products such as chipboards.
  • Chippers typically include a hopper, a feeding mechanism and the chipper mechanism itself.
  • a tree limb is inserted into the hopper and fed to the chipping machine by the feeding mechanism.
  • the chips exit typically through a chute and can be directed into a truck mounted container or onto the ground.
  • the industry standard machine has a feeding mechanism, comprising a roller or rollers provided with teeth to grip the branches, small diameter logs, twigs and the like, and feed the latter through a throat to meet a fly-wheel.
  • the fly-wheel is normally arranged perpendicular to the feeding direction and the wood material meets the fly-wheel generally at a radial position relative to its centre.
  • the fly-wheel is massive, because of the requirement to include a plurality of cutters on one face at a plurality of equidistant radial locations, typically three, each of which has a cutting blade with a cutting edge extending in a substantially radial direction of the fly-wheel.
  • the cutting blades chop the wood material into chips, which are then typically pushed through apertures in the fly-wheel and thrown out of the chute via air flow generated by vanes/paddles mounted on the back of the fly-wheel.
  • the fly-wheel may rotate at a high speed of the order of hundreds or thousands RPM, and there is considerable noise from the cutter's operation as well as from the driving source.
  • the blade life can be relatively short between each re-sharpening operation or replacement, due to ordinary wear and tear and due to foreign bodies which tend to be fed through the hopper together with the wood material (e.g. stones or grit).
  • the chipping machine may run more-or-less continuously for 15 to 30 hours until re-sharpening of the blades is required, and re-sharpening can be limited to a certain number of times.
  • US Patent No.3266539 discloses an alternative approach in which disc shaped blades are rotatably mounted to the chipper flywheel on a spindle. That blade arrangement is designed to allow resharpening in situ by driving the blades in rotation against a sharpener. Such an arrangement requires a blade rotation drive arrangement which itself is complex and expensive to assemble.
  • the new cutter is not a one-piece but a modular structure, in which only the cutting blade is a wear part that is required to be rotated/re-sharpened/replaced.
  • the cutting blade merely needs to fit into the clamping mechanism of the mounting structure, and therefore does not need to fit the corresponding fly-wheel.
  • the first and second clamping members of the mounting structures which are not wear parts, are formed to fit the fly-wheel and do not need to be replaced during normal operation.
  • the first clamping member of the mounting structure is adapted to contact a first surface of the cutting blade, wherein the second clamping member is adapted to contact a second surface of the cutting blade, the first surface being arranged opposite the second surface.
  • the first and second surfaces can be top and bottom surfaces of the cutting blade in use.
  • the first and second clamping members are preferably used to arrange the cutting blade substantially parallel to a front surface of the fly-wheel.
  • the first clamping member comprises according to the invention a central opening adapted to receive a fastening member.
  • the central opening of the first clamping member can thus be used to align the cutter with the corresponding mounting openings of the fly-wheel.
  • the fastening member will usually extend through the mounting structure, the cutting blade the fly-wheel and protrude from the back surface of the fly-wheel, secured to the latter by a nut, for example.
  • the central opening of the first clamping member may have a counter-bore on its first end to receive a corresponding countersunk screw.
  • the first clamping member comprises a stem portion and a frustro-conical portion protruding radially from the stem portion.
  • the stem portion may be adapted as a bearing surface for the cutting blade and the second clamping member as will be described in more detail below.
  • the frustro-conical portion provides for a clamping surface adapted to engage the aforementioned first or upper surface of the cutting blade.
  • the second clamping member comprises a central opening adapted to receive the stem portion of the first clamping member. Accordingly, the central opening of the second clamping member ensures automatic alignment of the first and second clamping members along a common central axis.
  • the second clamping member comprises a stem portion adapted to be received in a corresponding cavity of a wood chipping machine and a potentially frustro-conical portion protruding radially from the stem portion.
  • the frustro-conical portion of the second clamping member provides a bearing surface for the aforementioned second, lower surface of the cutting blade.
  • both the first and second clamping members comprise radially protruding frustro-conical or annular portions, then it is preferable to construct all of them in such a way that they extend at a substantially identical angle relative to the central axis of the respective clamping member.
  • the cutting blade is adapted to be received between the frustro-conical portions of the first and second clamping members.
  • the cutting blade may have a base portion of substantially constant thickness, which is adapted to be fixed between the first and second clamping members.
  • the cutting blade is substantially disc shaped. That is the cutting blade may have a substantially circular cutting edge extending around an annular base portion.
  • the cutting blade may further comprise a central opening extending through a central part of the base portion and adapted to receive the stem portion of the first clamping member.
  • Disc shaped cutting blades are particularly efficient and cost effective alternatives to conventional straight cutting devices, offering reduction in costly down time and reduced noise levels.
  • the circular cutting edge of the disc shaped cutting blade may have a fully sharpened circumference, although only about one third of the cutting edge is normally in use at any one time. When this edge becomes worn, the clamping member can be slightly loosened to rotate the cutting blade until a new part of the cutting edge faces the cutting direction of the fly-wheel. Accordingly, the circular cutting blade can be used three times longer than conventional straight blades, without removing the blade, meaning less down time and a longer period between sharpenings.
  • the cutting blade in any other suitable shape, such as triangular, rectangular, pentagonal or hexagonal shapes.
  • the mounting structure further comprises a fastening member which may be adapted to be received in a central opening of the first clamping member.
  • the fastening member may be a fastening screw such as a counterbore screw adapted to extend through a central counterbore of the first clamping member.
  • the fastening screw may either be screwed directly into the fly-wheel or extend through the fly-wheel and be fastened to the fly-wheel by means of a fastening nut.
  • first and second clamping members are of a first material, which is different from a second material of the cutting blade.
  • first and second clamping members may be made from steel while the cutting blade is made from hardened steel. This material choice is based on the fact that only the cutting blade is subject to increased wear during normal use, thus it is sufficient to only construct the cutting blade from the more expensive material, such as hardened steel.
  • the first and second clamping members can be made from any other suitable material that exhibits sufficient tensile strength to withstand the forces created upon impact of the cutting blades on the wood material.
  • the present invention further relates to a fly-wheel for chipping machines, the fly-wheel comprising a rotor disc and a plurality of cutters as described hereinbefore, said cutters being removably attached to the rotor disc.
  • the present invention further relates to a chipping machine comprising said fly-wheel.
  • the new cutter for wood chipping machines is a multi-part cutter assembly.
  • the cutter 1 comprises a cutting blade 3.
  • the cutting blade 3 is constructed as a disc shaped cutting blade and has a substantially circular cutting edge 31 extending circumferentially around an annular base portion 33.
  • the annular blade portion 33 extends at an angle with respect to its central axis D, which corresponds to angles of the clamping members.
  • the cutting blade 3 further comprises a central opening 35 extending through the central part of the base portion 33.
  • the cutter 1 further comprises a first clamping member 5.
  • the first clamping member 5, which is better shown in Figure 3a comprises a generally annular shaped stem portion 51 and a frustro-conical portion 53 projecting radially therefrom.
  • the frustro-conical portion 53 has an inclined side edge, which is constructed as a contact surface 55 for engaging the base portion 33 of the cutting blade.
  • a central opening 57 extends through the first clamping member 5 along the central axis B of the first clamping member 5.
  • a first end of the central opening 57, at the frustro-conical portion 53 of the first clamping member 5 has a countersunk bore 58, as can be derived from Figure 3a .
  • the cutter 1 also comprises a second clamping member 7.
  • the second clamping member 7 comprises a stem portion 71 and a generally frustro-conical or bowl shaped portion 73 protruding radially from the stem portion 71.
  • the bowl shaped portion 73 defines an inclined contact surface, at a top end surface.
  • the contact surface 75 is adapted to engage the base portion 33 of the cutting blade 3 in close contact.
  • the second clamping member 7 further comprises a central opening 77 extending through the stem portion 71.
  • the cutter assembly further comprises a fastening member 9, which is depicted as a countersunk pin in Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the fastening member 9 may also be constructed as a fastening screw and is used to secure the cutter to a fly-wheel of the chopping machine.
  • the stem portion 51 of the first clamping member has an outer diameter fitted to the diameter of the central openings 35 and 77 of the cutting blade 3 and the second clamping member 7.
  • the cutting blade 3 and the second clamping member 7 are aligned with the first clamping member 5 by simply slipping them over the outer diameter of stem portion 51. Once the cutting blade 3 and the second clamping member 7 are slipped over stem portion 51, the body portion 33 of cutting blade 3 is clamped between the first clamping member 5 and the second clamping member 7.
  • the first contact surface 55 of the first clamping member 5, engages a first, upper contact surface 37 of the body portion 33, while the contact surface 75 of the second clamping member 7 engages a second, lower contact surface 38 of the body portion 33.
  • the body portion 33 has a constant thickness.
  • the first contact surface 37 and the second contact surface 38 are inclined at identical angles, which correspond to angles of inclination of the contact surfaces 55 and 75 of the first and second clamping members 5, 7 respectively.
  • the angles of inclination, alpha, beta, gamma of the contact surfaces 55, 75, 37 and 38 can be derived from Figures 3a to 3c .
  • All of the contact surfaces 55, 75, 37, 38 have the same inclination and extend at an ⁇ , ⁇ or y of 10 to 30, more preferably 20 to 25 degrees with respect to a horizontal axis shown in Figures 3a to 3c .
  • the contact surfaces 55, 75, 37, 38 are all inclined at the same angle of 60 to 80 degrees, more preferably 65 to 70 degrees with respect to the central axis B, C or D respectively.
  • the circular cutting edge 31 of the cutting blade 3 preferably extends at an angle ⁇ of 40 to 50 degrees with respect to the horizontal axis in Figure 3c , and thus also with respect to the central axis D of the cutting blade 3.
  • the cutting blade 3, the first clamping member 5 and the second clamping member 7 are produced from steel, preferably steel alloys. Whilst the first and second clamping members 5 and 7 may be produced from any conventional steel, comprising significant tensile strength and impact resistance, such as EN19T, it is preferred to produce the cutting blade 3 from hardened steel, such as 27NNCRB5-2. This is because only the cutting edge 31 comes into contact with the wood material during normal use. The new, thinner cutting blade 3 can be re-sharpened easily, even without specialist sharpening tools. To this end, the cutting blade 3 can be dismounted from the first and second clamping members 5 and 7 and sharpened with any conventional sharpener.
  • the cutting blade 3 can be replaced, while the mounting structure, consisting of the first and second clamping members 5 and 7, remains intact and does not need changing.
  • the tolerances required for the cutting blade to fit into the mounting structure are significantly easier to manufacture than tolerances required by the stem portion 71 of the second clamping member, which need to fit exactly into corresponding cavities of the fly-wheel (not shown). Accordingly, the new multi-part cutter 1 is significantly more cost effective in production and thus can reduce costs by up to 60%.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Couteau (1) de machine à fabriquer des copeaux, le couteau (1) comprenant :
    - une lame de coupe (3) pratiquement en forme de disque ayant au moins une arête de coupe (31) et traversée par un orifice central,
    - une structure de montage pour être fixée de manière amovible à la lame de coupe (3) pratiquement en forme de disque dans une machine à fabriquer des copeaux,
    la structure de montage ayant un premier élément de serrage (5) et un second élément de serrage (7) pour serrer entre eux la lame de coupe (3), chaque élément de serrage (5, 7) étant traversé par un orifice central respectif, les orifices centraux de éléments de serrage (5, 7) et la lame (3) étant disposés de façon que lorsque la lame (3) est serrée entre les éléments de serrage (5, 7), les orifices centraux sont alignés, et
    - un élément de fixation (9) traversant les orifices centraux est configuré pour fixer les éléments de serrage (5, 7) et la lame (3) à une machine à fabriquer des copeaux et faciliter ainsi le serrage de la lame (3) entre les éléments de serrage (5, 7).
  2. Couteau (1) selon la revendication,
    dans lequel
    le premier élément de serrage (5) comporte une partie de tige (51) et une partie tronconique (53) radialement en saillie par rapport à la partie de tige (51).
  3. Couteau (1) selon la revendication 2,
    selon lequel
    l'orifice dans le second élément de serrage (7) est un orifice central (77) recevant la partie de tige (51) du premier élément de serrage (5).
  4. Couteau (1) selon la revendication 2 ou 3,
    dans lequel
    l'orifice (77) de la lame de coupe (3) pratiquement en forme de disque comporte un orifice central (35) pour recevoir la partie de tige (51) du premier élément de serrage (5).
  5. Couteau (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    dans lequel
    le second élément de serrage (7) a une partie de tige (71) qui peut être reçue dans une cavité correspondante de la machine à fabriquer des copeaux de bois et une partie (73) pratiquement tronconique, radialement en saillie de la partie de tige (71).
  6. Couteau (1) selon la revendication 2 en combinaison avec la revendication 5,
    dans lequel
    la lame de coupe (3) pratiquement en forme de disque est destinée à être reçue entre les parties tronconiques (53, 73) du premier élément de serrage (5) et du second élément de serrage (7).
  7. Couteau (1) selon la revendication 6,
    dans lequel
    la lame de coupe (3) pratiquement en forme de disque a un bord de coupe circulaire.
  8. Couteau (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    dans lequel
    le premier élément de serrage (5) et le second élément de serrage (7) sont réalisés en une première matière différente d'une seconde matière de la lame de coupe (3) pratiquement en forme de disque.
  9. Couteau (1) selon la revendication 8,
    dans lequel
    le premier et le second élément de serrage (5, 7) sont en acier.
  10. Couteau (1) selon la revendication 8 ou 9,
    dans lequel
    la lame de coupe pratiquement en forme de disque est réalisé en acier trempé.
  11. Roue flottante de machine à fabriquer des copeaux, cette roue flottante comprenant un disque de rotor et un ensemble de couteaux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, les couteaux étant fixés de manière amovible au disque de rotor.
  12. Machine pour fabriquer des copeaux comportant la roue flottante selon la revendication 11.
EP17189581.6A 2016-09-09 2017-09-06 Fraise et volant d'inertie pour machines de hachoir à bois Active EP3292967B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1615355.3A GB2553567A (en) 2016-09-09 2016-09-09 Cutter and fly-wheel for wood chipping machines

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3292967A1 EP3292967A1 (fr) 2018-03-14
EP3292967B1 true EP3292967B1 (fr) 2020-10-28

Family

ID=57234774

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17189581.6A Active EP3292967B1 (fr) 2016-09-09 2017-09-06 Fraise et volant d'inertie pour machines de hachoir à bois

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3292967B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2553567A (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266539A (en) * 1964-03-18 1966-08-16 Oliver P Gantt Self-sharpening chipper
EP0903182A1 (fr) * 1997-08-19 1999-03-24 Turner Development Limited Broyeur

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4736781A (en) * 1986-08-26 1988-04-12 Morbark Industries, Inc. Stump disintegrator
US5271442B1 (en) * 1993-02-19 1996-05-07 Commercial Knife Inc Knife with clamp package mounting knife
US5439039A (en) * 1994-08-30 1995-08-08 Pacific Saw And Knife Company Slabber with fixed counterknife and adjustable knife and clamp
DE19619345A1 (de) * 1996-05-14 1997-11-20 Maier Zerkleinerungstech Gmbh Zerspaner für Hackschnitzel
US6257511B1 (en) * 1997-08-15 2001-07-10 Anthony L. Turner Wood-chipping machines
US5979522A (en) * 1998-11-18 1999-11-09 Key Knife, Inc. Knife holder for a chipper disc
US6662837B2 (en) * 2001-07-16 2003-12-16 Paul M. Smith Replaceable blades for wood chippers

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266539A (en) * 1964-03-18 1966-08-16 Oliver P Gantt Self-sharpening chipper
EP0903182A1 (fr) * 1997-08-19 1999-03-24 Turner Development Limited Broyeur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201615355D0 (en) 2016-10-26
GB2553567A (en) 2018-03-14
EP3292967A1 (fr) 2018-03-14

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