EP3289583B1 - Mit einem blasinstrument kombinierbares elektronisches system für elektronischen klang und instrument mit solch einem system - Google Patents

Mit einem blasinstrument kombinierbares elektronisches system für elektronischen klang und instrument mit solch einem system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3289583B1
EP3289583B1 EP16716887.1A EP16716887A EP3289583B1 EP 3289583 B1 EP3289583 B1 EP 3289583B1 EP 16716887 A EP16716887 A EP 16716887A EP 3289583 B1 EP3289583 B1 EP 3289583B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
instrument
electronic system
musical instrument
elastic mechanical
waves
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EP16716887.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3289583A1 (de
Inventor
Florent Souvestre
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/22—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using electromechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/143—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means characterised by the use of a piezoelectric or magneto-strictive transducer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/146—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a membrane, e.g. a drum; Pick-up means for vibrating surfaces, e.g. housing of an instrument
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/155—User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H2220/405—Beam sensing or control, i.e. input interfaces involving substantially immaterial beams, radiation, or fields of any nature, used, e.g. as a switch as in a light barrier, or as a control device, e.g. using the theremin electric field sensing principle
    • G10H2220/435—Ultrasound, i.e. input or control device involving inaudible pressure waves, e.g. focused as a beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/525—Piezoelectric transducers for vibration sensing or vibration excitation in the audio range; Piezoelectric strain sensing, e.g. as key velocity sensor; Piezoelectric actuators, e.g. key actuation in response to a control voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2230/00—General physical, ergonomic or hardware implementation of electrophonic musical tools or instruments, e.g. shape or architecture
    • G10H2230/045—Special instrument [spint], i.e. mimicking the ergonomy, shape, sound or other characteristic of a specific acoustic musical instrument category
    • G10H2230/155—Spint wind instrument, i.e. mimicking musical wind instrument features; Electrophonic aspects of acoustic wind instruments; MIDI-like control therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2230/00—General physical, ergonomic or hardware implementation of electrophonic musical tools or instruments, e.g. shape or architecture
    • G10H2230/045—Special instrument [spint], i.e. mimicking the ergonomy, shape, sound or other characteristic of a specific acoustic musical instrument category
    • G10H2230/155—Spint wind instrument, i.e. mimicking musical wind instrument features; Electrophonic aspects of acoustic wind instruments; MIDI-like control therefor
    • G10H2230/205—Spint reed, i.e. mimicking or emulating reed instruments, sensors or interfaces therefor
    • G10H2230/221—Spint saxophone, i.e. mimicking conical bore musical instruments with single reed mouthpiece, e.g. saxophones, electrophonic emulation or interfacing aspects therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2230/00—General physical, ergonomic or hardware implementation of electrophonic musical tools or instruments, e.g. shape or architecture
    • G10H2230/045—Special instrument [spint], i.e. mimicking the ergonomy, shape, sound or other characteristic of a specific acoustic musical instrument category
    • G10H2230/155—Spint wind instrument, i.e. mimicking musical wind instrument features; Electrophonic aspects of acoustic wind instruments; MIDI-like control therefor
    • G10H2230/205—Spint reed, i.e. mimicking or emulating reed instruments, sensors or interfaces therefor
    • G10H2230/241—Spint clarinet, i.e. mimicking any member of the single reed cylindrical bore woodwind instrument family, e.g. piccolo clarinet, octocontrabass, chalumeau, hornpipes, zhaleika

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hybrid wind musical instruments, that is to say wind instruments that can alternatively operate in a first acoustic mode and in a second digital mode.
  • the invention applies to all types of wind instruments with side holes including a clarinet, a saxophone, a flute, an oboe, an English horn or a bassoon, this list is not exhaustive.
  • the acoustic mode of operation is the native mode of operation of a wind musical instrument. In this mode, the sound is produced by vibrations of the air column of the instrument that are triggered by the player's breath.
  • a digital mode of operation consists in equipping a wind musical instrument with electronic components that allow the production of digital sounds obtained by a sound synthesis technique applied to one or more electrical signals produced by the components.
  • the numerical mode of operation of a wind musical instrument makes it possible, in particular, to render the instrument silent by restoring the digitized sound to the player by means of a helmet.
  • the acoustic musical practice can be a source of noise nuisance and can compel a musician to play only during certain time periods or to discourage the practice of this instrument.
  • Another advantage of a digital operation is the widening of the palette of stamps thanks to a technique of sound synthesis.
  • a problem to be solved in this context is to design an electronic system that can be combined with the acoustic wind instrument can be easily reversible so that the user can switch from a digital operating mode to an acoustic operating mode.
  • Another problem to be solved is to design a system that allows to realize a sound synthesis from the interactions of the musician with the instrument.
  • a first approach to make a silent instrument is to attenuate the sound produced by the instrument.
  • the sound produced by side-hole wind instruments is more difficult to attenuate than the sound produced by other instruments, such as instruments in the brass family.
  • Another approach to limit noise is to use a device that replaces the acoustic operation of the instrument, ie a totally digital instrument.
  • This type of instrument simultaneously allows the measurement of the parameters of the breath (intensity and nip of the lips) as well as the position of the fingers on the instrument.
  • the keys can be static or mechanical. Coupled with a synthesizer, this type of instrument provides a wide range of timbres and is easy to use. Its minimalist technical design makes it a relatively affordable product.
  • the grip of such a device is different from a clarinet or a saxophone because of the configuration and the mechanical behavior of the keys and the spout.
  • This instrument therefore requires a complementary and non-shared learning which is unsatisfactory when the musician wishes to increase his skills with his acoustic instrument.
  • European patent publications EP1585107 and EP2017823 and the US patent publication US 7501570 describe hybrid wind instruments that alternatively allow acoustic or digital operation.
  • the scanning techniques contemplated in these patents are based on Hall effect sensors or infrared detectors which must be positioned on each key of the instrument permanently and indissociable. These techniques therefore require a number of important sensors that are not reversible and that can disrupt the operation of the instrument in acoustic mode.
  • the publication KR101380022 discloses a flute comprising proximity sensors arranged opposite each closure hole.
  • An implementation of these detectors uses ultrasonic sensors installed in the bore, facing each hole.
  • the ultrasound signal transmission medium is clearly the air separating the sensor from a finger of the user.
  • GB2328553 discloses a display interface for a musical instrument, in which an image corresponding to fingerings associated with a given note is displayed based on performance parameters provided by the instrument: TCsel, KC, Pressure, Mouthpiece and Noise.
  • tuners such as those of the document US2009235807 are also known, the latter consisting of sensors for determining a musical note from a vibration transmitted in the body of the instrument.
  • the present invention provides an electronic system that can be combined with a side-hole wind musical instrument that is based on detecting the plugging condition of the instrument's holes through transmitters and receivers of ultrasonic acoustic signals or more generally elastic mechanical waves.
  • the system according to the invention has the advantage of being removable to allow operation in acoustic mode and can adapt to all types of wind instruments with side holes.
  • the invention requires less intrusive and less bulky means than those proposed by the techniques of the prior art.
  • the invention can operate with a single transmitter and a single receiver positioned at any point of the instrument and therefore does not require as many sensors as lateral ports on the instrument.
  • the fact of not having any constraints on the precise positioning of the sensors on the instrument makes it possible to envisage a system the least annoying possible for the user.
  • the invention relates to an electronic system that can be combined with a side-hole wind musical instrument comprising a tubular body defining inside an air column, said system comprising at least one elastic mechanical wave emission device. in the body of the instrument, at least one elastic mechanical wave receiving device positioned to receive the transmitted waves after their propagation in the body material of the instrument and adapted to provide at least one reception signal characteristic of the elastic mechanical waves received and a device for detecting and locating the disturbance induced by a plugging action of at least one lateral hole of the instrument, configured to detect and identify a configuration for plugging the lateral holes of the instrument from the analysis said at least one reception signal, said detection and locating device being detachably disposed within the air column of the instrument.
  • the electronic system according to the invention comprises a single reception device or two reception devices.
  • the detection and location device is configured to determine, from the chromatic tablature of the instrument, a musical note associated with the plugging state of the lateral holes of the instrument. which has been detected.
  • the electronic system comprises, for each elastic mechanical wave emission device and each elastic mechanical wave receiving device, a means for removably attaching the device to the body of the instrument. wind music.
  • the removable fastening means is taken from the following means: adhesive, a clip, a clip, a magnet, a ring.
  • said at least one elastic mechanical wave emission device and said at least one mechanical elastic wave receiving device are arranged in a removable part of the wind musical instrument.
  • the electronic system according to the invention comprises a means of removably fixing said detection and localization device inside the air column of the wind musical instrument.
  • said detection and locating device is disposed in a removable part of the wind musical instrument whose interior is partly hollow in order to define an air column, said device for detection and location being disposed within the air column.
  • the removable part of the instrument is taken from among the following removable parts of the instrument: the jar, the flag, the barrel, the barrel, the beak.
  • the device for emitting elastic mechanical waves is a piezoelectric actuator and the device for receiving elastic mechanical waves after their propagation is a piezoelectric receiver.
  • the electronic system according to the invention further comprises a sound synthesis device connected to the detection and localization device for rendering to a user the notes associated with the detected configurations for plugging the holes of the musical instrument into function of the chromatic tablature of the musical instrument.
  • the invention also relates to a side-hole wind musical instrument for selectively producing acoustic sounds and electric sounds, comprising a side-hole wind musical instrument combined with an electronic system according to the invention.
  • said instrument is a saxophone or a clarinet or a flute or an oboe or a bassoon.
  • the invention is based on a new inventive application of a method for detecting and locating a disturbance of a medium by means of a system composed of at least one acoustic wave emitter and at least one receiver acoustic wave coupled to an electronic device which receives and analyzes the signal produced by the acoustic wave receiver to deduce the location of the disturbance.
  • elastic mechanical waves will be used to designate more broadly the compatible waves of the system according to the invention of which the acoustic waves are part.
  • the present invention uses this principle and adapts it to apply it to the identification of the plugging condition of the holes of a wind instrument with side holes.
  • the figure 1 represents a touch-sensitive surface system comprising a glass plate 102, two emitting devices 304, 306 of seismic acoustic waves in the plate 102 and a receiving device 308 of the seismic acoustic waves.
  • the three devices are fixed, for example by gluing or other fixing means, in the inner part 204 of the glass plate 102.
  • the acoustic waves emitted and received are bending waves having a long wavelength in front of the thickness of the glass plate 102. These are volume waves. The energy of the acoustic field of these waves is distributed over the entire thickness of the glass plate 102.
  • the system is preferably designed to detect contacts on the two contact surfaces of the plate 102 independently of the contact surface where the emission devices 304, 306 and reception 308.
  • the first emitting device 304 comprises a piezoelectric disk 402 (that is to say of piezoelectric material) having a lower face covered with a lower electrode 404 by which the first emitting device 304 is pressed against the plate
  • the piezoelectric disk 402 further has an upper face covered with four upper electrodes 406A, 406B and 408A, 408B, each covering a respective quarter of the face. higher.
  • the piezoelectric disk 402 is polarized uniformly over its entire surface.
  • the second transmitting device 306 is identical to the first transmitting device and likewise comprises a piezoelectric disc 410 provided with four upper electrodes 412A, 412B and 414A, 414B on its upper face and a lower electrode 416 on its lower side.
  • the receiving device 308 comprises a piezoelectric disc 418 having a lower face covered with a lower electrode 420 pressed against the glass plate 102. It further comprises an upper face covered with an upper electrode 422.
  • the touch surface system 100 further comprises a computing device 424 connected to the electrodes of the transmitting devices 304, 306 and receiving devices 308.
  • the lower electrodes 404, 416, 420 of the two transmitting devices 304, 306 and the receiving device 308 are connected to an electrical ground of the computing device 424.
  • the computing device 424 is adapted to provide the following control signals to the first transmitting device: e 1 (t) between the two opposite electrodes 406A, 406B, and e 2 (t) between the two other opposing electrodes 408A, 408B.
  • the two opposite electrodes are polarized respectively between two opposing potentials of each other: -e 1 (t) / 2 and + e 1 (t) / 2, and the two other opposite electrodes between respectively two potentials opposed to each other: - e 2 (t) / 2 and + e 2 (t) / 2,
  • the upper electrode 422 of the receiving device 308 is connected to the computing device 424 to provide it with a reception signal r (t), from the acoustic waves received by the reception device 308.
  • the computing device 424 is also designed to provide control signals to the second transmitting device 306, in the same manner as for the first transmitting device 304, so that they will not be detailed hereinafter.
  • the computing device 424 is adapted to detect and locate a contact on one of the contact surfaces 104A, 104B from the contact signal. receiving r (t) corresponding to the seismic acoustic waves received, that is to say to the seismic acoustic waves emitted by the first and second emission devices 304, 306 and which have propagated in the glass plate 102.
  • the computing device 424 is designed to implement the actions that will be detailed later.
  • the computing device 424 includes a processing unit (not shown) for executing instructions of a computer program (not shown) to implement these actions.
  • the computing device 424 could be replaced by an electronic device consisting solely of electronic circuits (without a computer program) for carrying out the same actions.
  • This method is broken down into a learning process and a monitoring method.
  • these methods use reference contacts C (i, j) whose positions on the contact surface 104B of the glass plate 102 are known to the computing device 424.
  • These reference contacts C (i, j) are for example distributed on a grid along the axes A1 and A2, where the indices (i, j) indicate their position in the grid.
  • These methods furthermore use a neighborhood function V (C (i, j)) making it possible to determine the neighboring reference contacts of a given reference contact C (i, j).
  • V (C (i, j) the neighboring reference contacts are the eight contacts surrounding the reference contact considered on the grid ("first ring"), as illustrated on FIG. figure 3 .
  • the first transmission device 304 will be considered, since the introduction of the other transmission device 306 does not change the general expression of the total acoustic field in the plate.
  • the number of transmitters and receivers used may be variable and the method may operate even with a single transmitter and a single receiver.
  • the learning method 1600 first comprises a step 1602 in which the touch surface system is placed in a quiet environment while the glass plate 102 is left without contact.
  • the computing device 424 supplies the control signals e 1 (t) and e 2 (t) as shown in FIG. figure 3 , at the first emission device 304, and the latter emits acoustic waves into the glass plate 102.
  • the receiving device 308 receives the acoustic waves after their propagation in the glass plate 102, and supplies the computing device 424 with a vacuum reception signal, denoted r (t). corresponding to the acoustic waves received.
  • a reference contact C (i, j) is applied to the contact surface of the glass plate 102, again in a quiet environment.
  • the computing device 424 supplies the control signals e 1 (t) and e 2 (t) to the first transmission device 304.
  • the first transmission device 304 emits acoustic waves corresponding to the control signals e 1 (t) and e 2 (t) into the glass plate 102
  • the reception device 308 during a step 1616, receives the acoustic waves after their propagation in the glass plate 102, and provides the computing device 424 the corresponding reception signal, called reference reception signal r i, j (t).
  • the computing device 424 calculates a distance, called the reference spectral amplitude distance DNR (i, j), between the empty amplitude and the reference amplitude.
  • and of reference R i, j ( f )
  • : DNR i , j ⁇ f
  • ⁇ f
  • Process 1600 then returns to step 1610 for another reference contact C (i, j) until all reference contacts are scanned.
  • the learning process 1600 needs to be carried out only on one of the two contact surfaces of the glass plate, since two contacts face each other on either side of the glass plate 102 have the same effect on the acoustic waves propagating in the glass plate 102.
  • a 1700 monitoring method using the touch-sensitive surface system first comprises initialization steps 1702 to 1712.
  • the touch surface system is placed, without any contact being applied to it, in its environment of use, the latter may include a residual noise vibrating the plate of 102 and thus producing a spurious signal in the reception signal provided by the receiving device 306.
  • the residual noise may also come from the processing electronics, including quantization noise.
  • the computing device 424 supplies the control signals e 1 (t) and e 2 (t) to the first transmitting device 304, and the transmitting device 304 transmits the corresponding acoustic waves in the glass plate 102.
  • the receiving device 308 receives the acoustic waves after their propagation in the glass plate 102, and provides the computing device 424 with a reception signal, called a reception signal with residual noise.
  • BR (t) a reception signal with residual noise.
  • the computing device 424 calculates a residual starting noise BRD from the residual noise spectral amplitude R BR (f) and the empty spectral amplitude R (f).
  • the computing device 424 initializes, to the value of the residual noise of departure, a data item BR representing the residual noise in progress. In addition, the computing device 424 initializes an iteration counter n to the value 1.
  • the monitoring method 1700 then comprises the loop of monitoring steps 1714 to 1750, the current iteration of the step loop being the iteration n.
  • the computing device 424 supplies the control signals e 1 (t) and e 2 (t) to the first transmitting device 304, and the transmitting device 304 transmits the corresponding acoustic waves in the glass plate 102.
  • the receiving device 308 receives the successive acoustic waves after their propagation in the glass plate 102, and provides the computing device 424 with a reception signal, called a reception signal in progress.
  • n (t) corresponding to the acoustic waves received.
  • the computing device 424 calculates a current spectral amplitude distance DNR ,, from the spectral amplitudes with residual noise R BR (f) and current R n (f).
  • the computing device 424 calculates a current perturbation PC n , from the current spectral amplitude distance DNR ,, and the residual noise BR.
  • the computing device 424 determines whether the current disturbance PC n has slightly derived with respect to the previous iteration, which indicates a variation of the residual noise, but not a contact because the latter would cause a large variation of the current disturbance PC n .
  • This small drift is for example determined if:
  • steps 1726 to 1730 are implemented.
  • step 1726 the computing device 424 updates the residual noise spectral amplitude R BR (f) with the value of the current spectral amplitude R n (f).
  • step 1730 the computing device 424 increments n by one and the method returns to steps 1714 and 1716.
  • the computing device 424 determines whether the current disturbance PC n is high, for example greater than a predetermined threshold, which would indicate the occurrence of 'a contact. For example, a contact C is detected if PC n is greater than or equal to 100%.
  • the computing device 424 calculates the differences between the reference spectral amplitude distance DNR (i, j) and the current spectral amplitude distance DNR ,,.
  • these deviations are relative normalized deviations, for example expressed as percentages of the residual noise.
  • the computing device 424 provides as the position of the detected contact C the position of the nearest reference contact C (i n , j n ), and the method 1700 then proceeds to step 1750.
  • the general principle of the invention consists in positioning the transmitters and receivers of elastic mechanical waves no longer on a flat surface but on a musical wind instrument.
  • a wind musical instrument is a resonant solid object for elastic mechanical waves.
  • the elastic mechanical waves propagate in the material of the body of the instrument and, when an action of the musician is performed to plug some lateral holes, this action generates a disturbance of the medium in which the waves propagate.
  • Each state of closure of the lateral holes associated with a different note will generate a different signature on the signal produced by the receiver from the waves it receives.
  • the invention exploits this physical effect to detect and identify the various configurations of plugging the holes of the instrument.
  • Elastic mechanical wave emitters and receivers may take the form of piezo-acoustic transducers, piezoelectric pellets, or ferroelectric ceramic transducers.
  • the invention can operate with one transmitter, two transmitters or a number of transmitters greater than two.
  • the invention can operate with a receiver, two receivers or a number of receivers greater than two.
  • the learning method described above is modified as follows.
  • the touch surface system is replaced by the wind musical instrument on which at least one transmitter 304,306 and at least one receiver 308 connected to a computing device 424 are fixed. Steps 1602,1604,1606 and 1608 of the method of learning are applied to the musical instrument equipped with the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the steps 1610 to 1620 of the learning method are then performed by replacing the reference contact C (i, j) by a plugging condition E (i) of the lateral holes of the instrument and by varying this state on the set of possible states that depends on the intended instrument and its chromatic tablature.
  • a plugging condition E (i) is applied to the lateral holes of the instrument, that is to say, a note is played among all the possible notes.
  • Steps 1612, 1614, 1618 and 1620 are then executed in the same manner as described above with reference to FIG. figure 4 .
  • Steps 1702 to 1730 are performed as described above by replacing the touch surface with the musical instrument having the transmitter and receiver.
  • Step 1732 is adapted in that it is no longer intended here to detect a contact C on a surface but to detect whether the state of the instrument with respect to its non-operating state has been modified, in other words if at least a lateral hole is blocked due to an action of the musician.
  • Step 1734 is adapted in that the differences between the spectral amplitude distances DNR (i), corresponding to the various hole closure configurations of the instrument, calculated by the learning method and the distance of the distance are calculated. spectral amplitude in progress.
  • step 1736 the hole blocking state closest to the state detected in step 1732 is finally determined.
  • the method for determining the plugging condition of the holes of the instrument from the signal produced by at least one elastic mechanical wave receiver can be replaced by other methods based on the same principle as those described in the following patent or patent publications: EP2150882 , FR2948471 , FR2948787 .
  • the document EP2150882 describes another method of detecting and locating a contact on a touch surface which is also based on a first learning phase during which the signatures associated with different contacts of the contact are recorded. reference on the surface and a second monitoring phase in which a contact is located by comparison of the calculated signature with the signatures recorded during the learning phase. This principle is applicable in the same way to the identification of a plugging condition of the holes of a wind instrument.
  • the documents FR2948471 and FR2948787 also involve treatment in two successive phases.
  • Each of the three methods described in the prior art is based on the same principle but by proposing to calculate different metrics to analyze the signal produced by the receiver or receivers and to make the comparison between the signatures recorded during the learning phase and the signature calculated during the monitoring phase.
  • the characteristics of the signal used may be a reference spectral amplitude or a frequency vector obtained by calculating a discrete Fourier transform on the sampled signal received or else a metric dependent on the amplitude and the phase of the signal, for example an absorption vector or a frequency of a specific mode of vibration of the surface of the body of the instrument
  • the figure 6 represents, in profile view, a modern clarinet 600 composed of a tubular body 601 in which are provided lateral holes, a spout 610, a barrel 611 and a flag 614.
  • a set of keys 612,613 operable by the left hand on the one hand and by the right hand on the other hand.
  • the term key is used here to refer to a mechanical element that allows the closure of a hole via the action of the musician on a ring connected to a buffer.
  • a set of interconnected keys is keying.
  • Keying 612 for the left hand and Keying 613 for the right hand are shown.
  • Side holes can be plugged directly by a finger or a key pad.
  • the tampon is connected to a ring disposed over another hole.
  • the action of the finger on the ring causes the closure of another hole via the buffer associated with the ring.
  • the figure 7 represents a part of a clarinet in which a hole is plugged by a buffer 700 actuated via a key 701.
  • the figure 8 represents the positioning of an open key and the figure 9 represents the positioning of the same closed key.
  • a buffer 800 is positioned on a hole 801 for the butcher.
  • the Figures 10 and 11 illustrate an example of clogging a hole 1000 by a finger.
  • Figures 12 and 13 illustrate an example of closing a hole 1200 by the action of a finger on a ring 1201 which causes the closing of other holes.
  • the figure 14 shows an example of chromatic tablature of a clarinet. Each closure combination of one or more holes corresponds to a note.
  • the system according to the invention must be designed to be removable so that the instrument can alternatively operate in acoustic mode and in digital mode.
  • the transmitter (s) and receiver (s) of the system according to the invention can be positioned on any part of the instrument, for example the body 601, the nozzle 610, the barrel 611 or the horn 614, and are fixed by a removable fastening means which may be adhesive, a clip, a clip, a magnet, a ring, a snug fit in the air column of the instrument or any other device for positioning and remove emitters and receivers easily.
  • a removable fastening means which may be adhesive, a clip, a clip, a magnet, a ring, a snug fit in the air column of the instrument or any other device for positioning and remove emitters and receivers easily.
  • the transmitters and receivers may be positioned in a removable part of the instrument.
  • This variant has the advantage of allowing the withdrawal of the removable part on which are fixed the transmitters and receivers to replace it with a corresponding unmodified part which makes it possible to operate the instrument in acoustic mode.
  • the removable part may consist of the spout, barrel or flag.
  • the Figures 15 and 16 illustrate an example of a removable roof 500 on which is fixed a receiver 501 of elastic mechanical waves.
  • an elastic mechanical wave emitter (not shown) may also be attached to the removable roof.
  • the figure 15 shows the flag in disassembled position.
  • the figure 16 shows the pavilion in a partially interlocked position in the body of the instrument.
  • the figure 17 represents in profile a saxophone which is another example of a compatible wind instrument of the system according to the invention.
  • the saxophone 1800 is composed of the following elements: a 1801 reed, a 1802 beak, a 1803 ligature, an octave key 1804, a 1805 jar, a 1806 clamp screw of the jar, a 1807 cloning for the left hand, a keying 1808 for the right hand, a flag 1809, a flag clip 1810, a key keeper 1811 and a cylinder head 1812.
  • the saxophone has a tubular body 1820 connected at one end to the jar 1805 and at the other end to the flag 1809.
  • the transmitters and receivers of the system according to the invention can be positioned on any part of the saxophone via removable fastening means already described above.
  • the figure 18 illustrates an example of positioning of several emitters E 1 , E 2 , E N and several receivers R 1 , R N.
  • the emitters and receivers are preferably positioned on the 1805 jar or inside the flag 1809 but they could also be fixed directly to the body of the instrument.
  • the choice of the number and location of the transmitters and receivers on the instrument is made so as to be the least intrusive possible and the least inconvenient for the user.
  • the jar and the flag of the saxophone are thus preferred because these parts do not interact with the fingers of the musician.
  • the transmitters and receivers of the system according to the invention can also be fixed in a removable part of the saxophone.
  • This removable part may be the 1805 jar which is generally natively removable on a saxophone or the spout 1802.
  • the system according to the invention also comprises, as described in support of the figure 2 , a computing device connected to the electrodes of the elastic mechanical wave transmitters and receivers and configured to execute the learning method described in figure 4 and the monitoring method described in figure 5 with the adaptations mentioned above to adapt these methods to the detection of the plugging condition of the holes of the instrument.
  • the computing device must be removable to allow operation of the instrument in acoustic mode.
  • the computing device can be fixed to the instrument by means of a removable fixing means, for example adhesive, a clip, a clip, a magnet, a ring, a snug fit in the air column of the instrument or any other means of removable mechanical coupling.
  • the computing device can be fixed inside the air column of the instrument, for example inside the body of the instrument or at the end of the instrument. inside another instrument part among the flag, the beak, the jar or the barrel.
  • the computing device can be fixed via a box that can be embedded inside the pavilion 1809.
  • the computing device can also be attached to a removable part of the instrument, as already evoked for the positioning of emitters, receivers. In any case, it will be chosen to position the computing device inside the room so that it is located in the air column of the instrument.
  • the removable part can be one of the following parts: the jar, the flag, the barrel, the barrel or the mouthpiece of the instrument.
  • the figure 19 illustrates, in the case of the clarinet, a possible implementation of the electronic system according to the invention.
  • a clarinet 1900 in a configuration for an acoustic game, that is to say an original clarinet.
  • the spout 1901 and the flag 1902. These two parts can be removed to configure the instrument in digital mode.
  • the modified nozzle 1911 may contain, as explained above, part of the emitters and receivers of ultrasonic mechanical waves.
  • the original flag 1902 can be replaced by a modified flag 1912 according to the invention.
  • the modified flag 1912 can also integrate one or more elastic mechanical wave emitters and / or one or more associated receivers.
  • the modified flag 1912 comprises, fixed inside the air column, a computer or electronic device connected to the transmitters and receivers to implement the method of detecting and identifying the plugging condition of the holes of the 'instrument.
  • the modified nozzle 1911 may be connected to the computer device integrated in the modified flag 1912 and include a device for detecting the player's breath. In this way, it is possible to synchronize the digital rendition of the notes with the breath of the player.
  • the computer device provides a calculator with the notes associated with the closure states of the holes that have been detected.
  • the calculator executes a sound synthesis method to digitally render the notes to a user using a 1915 helmet.
  • calculator can be embedded in a 1913 computer or a 1914 smart phone or other equivalent electronic device.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Elektronisches System, konfiguriert zum Kombinieren mit einem Blasmusikinstrument mit seitlichen Löchern (600, 1800), umfassend einen tubulären Körper, der im Innern eine Luftsäule definiert, wobei das System Folgendes umfasst: wenigstens eine Vorrichtung (E1, EN) zum Emittieren von elastischen mechanischen Wellen im Körper des Instruments, wenigstens eine Vorrichtung (R1, RN) zum Empfangen von elastischen mechanischen Wellen, positioniert zum Empfangen der von der wenigstens einen Emissionsvorrichtung (E1, EN) emittierten Wellen nach deren Ausbreitung im Material des Körpers des Instruments und ausgelegt zum Liefern wenigstens eines für die empfangenen Wellen charakteristischen Empfangssignals, und eine Vorrichtung (424) zum Erkennen und Orten der durch Verschließen von wenigstens einem seitlichen Loch des Instruments bewirkten Störung, konfiguriert zum Erkennen und Identifizieren einer Verschließkonfiguration der seitlichen Löcher des Instruments auf der Basis der Analyse des wenigstens einen Empfangssignals, wobei die Erkennungs- und Ortungsvorrichtung lösbar im Innern der Luftsäule des Instruments angeordnet ist.
  2. Elektronisches System nach Anspruch 1, das eine einzige Empfangsvorrichtung (R1, RN) umfasst.
  3. Elektronisches System nach Anspruch 1, das zwei Empfangsvorrichtungen (R1, RN) umfasst.
  4. Elektronisches System nach Anspruch 1, in dem die Erkennungs- und Ortungsvorrichtung (424) zum Bestimmen, auf der Basis der chromatischen Tonleiter des Instruments, einer mit dem erkannten Verschließzustand der seitlichen Löcher des Instruments assoziierten Musiknote konfiguriert ist.
  5. Elektronisches System nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, in dem die Erkennungs- und Ortungsvorrichtung (424) konfiguriert ist zum:
    - Ausführen einer ersten Lernphase bestehend im Variieren der Konfigurationen des Verschließzustands der seitlichen Löcher des Instruments unter der Gesamtheit der möglichen Konfigurationen, und Aufzeichnen, für jede Konfiguration, wenigstens einer Referenzcharakteristik des wenigstens einen Empfangssignals,
    - Ausführen einer zweiten Überwachungsphase, während der ein Benutzer das Musikinstrument spielt, bestehend im Aufzeichnen, für jede vom Benutzer gespielte Note, wenigstens einer laufenden Charakteristik des wenigstens einen mit der Referenzcharakteristik äquivalenten Empfangssignals und Vergleichen der laufenden Charakteristik mit der Gesamtheit der aufgezeichneten Referenzcharakteristiken, um davon die Verschließcharakteristik der vom Spieler betätigten Löcher des Instruments abzuleiten.
  6. Elektronisches System nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, das für jede Vorrichtung (E1, EN) zum Emittieren von elastischen mechanischen Wellen und jede Vorrichtung (R1, RN) zum Empfangen von elastischen mechanischen Wellen ein Mittel zum lösbaren Befestigen der Vorrichtung am Körper des Blasmusikinstruments umfasst.
  7. Elektronisches System nach Anspruch 6, in dem das Mittel zum lösbaren Befestigen aus den folgenden Mitteln ausgewählt ist: Klebstoff, einer Pinzette, einer Klammer, einem Magneten, einem Ring.
  8. Elektronisches System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, in dem die wenigstens eine Vorrichtung (E1, EN) zum Emittieren von elastischen mechanischen Wellen und die wenigstens eine Vorrichtung (R1, RN) zum Empfangen von elastischen mechanischen Wellen in einem lösbaren Teil (500, 1805, 1911, 1912) des Blasmusikinstruments angeordnet sind.
  9. Elektronisches System nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, das ein Mittel zum lösbaren Befestigen der Erkennungs- und Ortungsvorrichtung (424) im Innern der Luftsäule des Blasmusikinstruments umfasst.
  10. Elektronisches System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, bei dem die Erkennungs- und Ortungsvorrichtung (424) in einem lösbaren Teil des Blasmusikinstruments angeordnet ist, dessen Inneres teilweise hohl ist, um eine Luftsäule zu definieren, wobei die Erkennungs- und Ortungsvorrichtung im Innern der Luftsäule angeordnet ist.
  11. Elektronisches System nach Anspruch 8 oder 10, bei dem der lösbare Teil des Instruments ausgewählt ist aus den folgenden abnehmbaren Teilen des Instruments: Bocal (Es), Schalltrichter, Zylinder, Birne, Schnabel.
  12. Elektronisches System nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, in dem eine Vorrichtung (E1, EN) zum Emittieren von elastischen mechanischen Wellen ein piezoelektrischer Aktor ist und eine Vorrichtung (R1, RN) zum Empfangen von elastischen mechanischen Wellen nach deren Ausbreitung ein piezoelektrischer Empfänger ist.
  13. Elektronisches System nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, das ferner eine Schallsynthesevorrichtung (1913, 1914) umfasst, die mit der Erkennungs- und Ortungsvorrichtung (424) verbunden ist, um einem Benutzer die mit den erkannten Schließkonfigurationen der Löcher des Musikinstruments in Abhängigkeit von der chromatischen Tonleiter des Musikinstruments assoziierten Noten wiederherzustellen.
  14. Blasmusikinstrument mit seitlichen Löchern (600, 1800), bestimmt zum selektiven Produzieren von akustischen Tönen und elektrischen Tönen, umfassend ein Blasmusikinstrument mit seitlichen Löchern, kombiniert mit einem elektronischen System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13.
  15. Blasmusikinstrument mit seitlichen Löchern nach Anspruch 14, wobei das Instrument ein Saxofon oder eine Klarinette oder eine Flöte oder eine Oboe oder ein Fagott ist.
EP16716887.1A 2015-04-29 2016-04-18 Mit einem blasinstrument kombinierbares elektronisches system für elektronischen klang und instrument mit solch einem system Active EP3289583B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1553857A FR3035736B1 (fr) 2015-04-29 2015-04-29 Systeme electronique combinable a un instrument de musique a vent pour produire des sons electroniques et instrument comprenant un tel systeme
PCT/EP2016/058568 WO2016173879A1 (fr) 2015-04-29 2016-04-18 Systeme electronique combinable a un instrument de musique a vent pour produire des sons electroniques et instrument comprenant un tel systeme

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GB2540760B (en) 2015-07-23 2018-01-03 Audio Inventions Ltd Apparatus for a reed instrument
GB2559135B (en) 2017-01-25 2022-05-18 Audio Inventions Ltd Transducer apparatus for an edge-blown aerophone and an edge-blown aerophone having the transducer apparatus
GB2559144A (en) 2017-01-25 2018-08-01 Audio Inventions Ltd Transducer apparatus for a labrasone and a labrasone having the transducer apparatus
WO2020201257A1 (en) 2019-04-05 2020-10-08 Artinoise S.R.L. Electronic flute
FR3103951B1 (fr) * 2019-12-02 2021-11-05 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de transmission d’ondes mécaniques élastiques combinable avec un instrument de musique à vent à trous latéraux
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GB2625080A (en) * 2022-12-02 2024-06-12 Audio Inventions Ltd System and method for representing sounds of a wind instrument

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US20180137848A1 (en) 2018-05-17
FR3035736B1 (fr) 2019-08-23
JP6789975B2 (ja) 2020-11-25
WO2016173879A1 (fr) 2016-11-03
JP2018518698A (ja) 2018-07-12
FR3035736A1 (fr) 2016-11-04
US10395632B2 (en) 2019-08-27
EP3289583A1 (de) 2018-03-07

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