Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
  • C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
  • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of generating twin lamellas in a metal body, comprising the steps of introducing said metal body into a chamber, filling said chamber with a cooling medium having a temperature that will enable generation of twin lamellas in the metal body upon deformation thereof, and deforming said metal body while the latter is surrounded by said cooling medium.
• the present invention also relates to a device for generating twin lamellas in a metal body, said device comprising a chamber, a chamber inlet connected to a cooling medium source, and a deformation device for deforming said metal body, said deformation device being positioned inside said chamber.
• Twin lamellas are formed through a phenomenon known as "nano-twinning," in which, during deformation, the atomic arrangements in adjacent crystalline regions of a material, such as a metal, form mirror images of one another. These nano-twins, or twin lamellas, are formed when the material undergoes plastic deformation at cryogenic temperatures.
• Liquid nitrogen has been suggested as a suitable cooling means.
• a drawback of prior art is that the efficiency of liquid nitrogen as a quench coolant is limited, as it will immediately boil when in contact with a warmer object (nitrogen boils at -195.8°C at atmospheric pressure), thus enclosing the object in an insulating nitrogen gas.
• Another drawback is that there is a lack of possibility of adjusting the cooling temperature depending on the deformation conditions and the material to be deformed.
• the aspect of the present disclosure is obtained by means of a method of generating twin lamellas in a metal body, comprising the steps of
• Cooling of the metal body by means of a cooling medium in a gaseous state will improve the possibility of adjusting the temperature of the cooling medium and, thereby, the metal body which is being deformed.
• the cooling of the metal body may be performed by using a cold gaseous medium, a gas mixed with liquid cooling medium, a direct metal to metal coolant system, or a combination thereof.
• the temperature inside said chamber is controlled by means of controlled introduction of said cooling medium into the chamber. In other words, control of the temperature in the chamber, and thereby of the metal body being deformed therein, is performed through an active and purposive control of the flow of cooling medium into the chamber.
• the temperature inside the chamber is controlled by means of controlled introduction of said cooling medium into the chamber on at least two different locations within the chamber, wherein the cooling medium is on a first location directed directly onto the metal body being deformed, and on a second location directed onto a deformation device used to deform said metal body. Efficient cooling is thereby achieved, since cooling medium is on one hand used to directly cool the metal body, and on the other hand used to cool the deformation device such that indirect cooling of the metal body can be achieved.
• the cooling medium has a temperature in the range of about -80°C to about -195°C.
• the cooling medium surrounding said metal body during deformation of the latter has a temperature in the range of about - 80°C to about -195°C.
• the cooling medium has a temperature in the range of about -150°C to about -195°C.
• said cooling medium consists essentially of nitrogen.
• essentially is referred to as at least 50 atomic %.
• essentially is referred to as at least 60 atomic , such as to at least 70 atomic , such as to at least 80 atomic , such as to at least 80 atomic , such as to at least 90 atomic .
• said cooling medium may be introduced in a liquid state into the chamber and is then, as result of the temperature and pressure reigning in the chamber, permitted to change to a gaseous state once introduced into said chamber.
• the introduction technique affects the transition into gaseous phase.
• the cooling medium is sprayed into the chamber through nozzles.
• the cooling medium may be stored in liquid state, but may have its effect on said metal body in a gaseous state. Introducing the cooling medium into the chamber in a liquid state, as compared to introducing it in a gaseous state, also has the advantage of resulting in a better cooling efficiency.
• said metal body is an elongated body which is continuously introduced into said chamber through an opening in the latter, and part of the cooling medium in a gaseous state may be removed from the chamber and used for pre-cooling of parts of said metal body that have yet not been introduced into the chamber. Pre-cooling of the said metal body contributes to a more precise temperature control thereof and improved cooling efficiency.
• said metal body is a wire or tube and said deformation thereof inside said chamber includes a reduction of the thickness thereof.
• the deformation device is positioned so that the metal body will be surrounded by said cooling medium in a gaseous state while being deformed by said deformation device.
• said device comprises temperature control means for controlling the temperature inside said chamber by controlling the introduction of cooling medium into the chamber.
• Such temperature control means for controlling the temperature inside said chamber may include a control valve or similar equipment arranged in a conduit connecting the cooling medium source with said chamber inlet.
• said temperature control means comprises at least a first and a second independently controllable nozzle positioned inside the chamber and configured to introduce cooling medium into the chamber, wherein the first nozzle is configured to direct cooling medium directly onto the metal body during deformation, and wherein the second nozzle is configured to direct cooling medium onto the deformation device during deformation.
• the temperature control means may also comprise three or more independently controllable nozzles, wherein a third nozzle is configured to direct cooling medium into the chamber, and not directly onto the metal body or the deformation device. If the device for generating twin lamellas in a metal body comprises more than one deformation device, such as two deformation devices, at least two nozzles may be provided per deformation device, wherein the deformation devices are configured as described above.
• said metal body is an elongated body
• said device comprises means for continuous introduction of said metal body into the chamber.
• Such means for continuous introduction of said metal body into the chamber may include any kind of drawing equipment operating with a pulling effect on the metal body.
• the means for continuous introduction of said metal body into the chamber is at least one drawing block positioned inside the chamber, wherein the first nozzle is configured to direct cooling medium directly onto the metal body being wound onto the drawing block, and wherein the second nozzle is configured to direct cooling medium onto an inner wall of the drawing block.
• Direct and indirect cooling, by heat transfer metal to metal of the metal body is thereby achieved during drawing.
• the at least one drawing block may in this case form part of the deformation device, which may be in the form of e.g. a drawing machine.
• said device comprises a channel through which said elongated metal body is continuously introduced into the chamber, and the chamber has an outlet through which cooling medium in a gaseous state is permitted to leave the chamber and be introduced into said channel for the purpose of pre-cooling said metal body before the latter is introduced into the chamber.
• said chamber is a generally closed chamber, and the device comprises means for controlled evacuation of cooling medium in a gaseous state from said chamber.
• Said means for controlled evacuation may include a control valve or similar equipment.
• a closed chamber is referred to as a chamber having a limited space which space is large enough for housing the essential parts of a deformation device by means of which said metal body is deformed in said chamber, but the space is yet small enough for enabling efficient cooling of the metal body therein with a low consumption of cooling medium.
• the volume, V, of said chamber is below 5 m , according to another embodiment, V is below 3 m 3 , and according to yet another embodiment, V is below 2 m 3.
• said cooling medium source is a liquid nitrogen source.
• said metal body is a wire or tube and said
• deformation device comprises at least one die for reduction of the diameter of the wire or tube.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a device according to the disclosure.
• Fig. 2 shows the device of fig. 1 in a view from above
• Fig. 3 is a cross section of a part of the device, taken along III- III in fig. 1,
• Fig. 4 is an end view of a part of the device, according to IV-IV in fig. 1,
• Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of parts of a device according to the disclosure.
• Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of parts of a device according to the disclosure.
• Figs. 1 and 2 show a device according to the present disclosure for generating twin lamellas in a metal body 1, said device comprising a chamber 2, a chamber inlet 3 connected to a cooling medium source 4, a deformation device 5 for deforming said metal body 1, said deformation device 5 being positioned inside said chamber 2, wherein the deformation device 5 is positioned so that the metal body lwill be surrounded by said cooling medium in a gaseous state while being deformed by said deformation device 5.
• the device according to the present disclosure as presented in figs. 1 and 2 includes further means 6 for controlling the temperature inside said chamber 2 by controlling the introduction of cooling medium into the chamber 2.
• said means 6 for controlling the temperature inside the chamber 2 includes a control valve 6 positioned in a conduit 7 which connects the cooling medium source 4 with the chamber 2 through the chamber inlet 3 and by means of which control valve 6 the cooling medium flowing towards the chamber 2 is controlled.
• Said chamber 2 is a generally closed chamber, at least during operation thereof, with a volume V of about 1.5 m , wherein the device comprises means 8 for controlled evacuation of cooling medium in a gaseous state from said chamber 2.
• said means 8 for controlled evacuation of cooling medium includes a control valve 8.
• the device includes a chamber outlet 9 and a channel 10 leading from said chamber outlet 9.
• the control valve 8 is positioned in said conduit 10. It should be emphasized that the control valve 8 is optional.
• the flow of cooling medium through the chamber 2 and through the channel 10 could be controlled solely by means of one or more valves, such as the previously mentioned valve 6, for controlling the flow of cooling medium from the cooling medium source 4 to the chamber 2.
• the metal body 1 is an elongated body, and said device comprises means for continuous introduction of said metal body into the chamber 2.
• the elongated metal body 1 is a wire, the diameter of which is to be reduced by the deformation device 5. It should be noted that the metal body 1 could, alternatively, be a tube.
• the deformation device 5 comprises a drawing machine 5 provided inside the chamber 2.
• the drawing machine 5 comprises a first drawing block 12 and a second drawing block 13, a first die 14 and a second die 15.
• the drawing blocks 12, 13 have a pulling effect on the elongated metal body 1 and thereby form said means for continuous introduction of the elongated metal body 1 into the chamber 2.
• the dies 14, 15 are used for reducing the diameter of the elongated metal body 1 as the latter is pulled through the respective die 14, 15.
• the drawing blocks 12, 13 and the respective dies 14, 15 are arranged in series, such that the first drawing block 12 pulls the elongated metal body 1 through the first die 14 and the second drawing block 13 pulls the elongated metal body 1 through the second die 15. It should, however, be noted that other possible arrangements of drawing blocks and dies are possible within the scope of protection claimed for the present disclosure. For example, there may be only one die provided, or no die at all. In the latter case, the wire diameter is reduced as the metal body (wire) 1 is drawn between two drawing blocks.
• the deformation process may not even be a diameter reduction process but any other possible deformation process, such as bending, by means of which twin lamellas is to be formed in a metal body as the metal body is subjected to said deformation at a sufficiently low temperature.
• Figs. 3 and 4 show a cross section and an end view respectively of a part of the device including one of said drawing blocks 12, 13.
• the respective drawing block 12, 13 is carried by a respective shaft 16, 17 that penetrates a rear wall 18 of the chamber 2 and is driven by a respective motor 19, 20 provided outside the chamber 2.
• Power transmission parts 21, 22, such as gear wheels (not shown in detail), which may need lubrication by means of a lubricant and through which power is transmitted from the respective motor 19, 20 to the associated shaft 16, 17 are provided outside the chamber 2. Subjection of such parts to the temperatures attained inside the chamber 2 during operation of the device is thereby avoided.
• the drawing blocks 12, 13 and the respective shafts 16, 17 that carry them are horizontally arranged.
• Suspension arrangements 31, 32 carrying the respective drawing block 12, 13 and their associated shafts 16, 17 and transmission parts 21, 22 are also provided outside the chamber 2.
• Said suspension arrangements 31, 32 comprise bearings enabling rotation of rotatable parts such as said shafts in relation to stationary parts of the device.
• a front wall 23 of the chamber 2 may be opened by means of a power device 24, here a mechanically operated screw device.
• the power device 24 could be a hydraulically driven arm. Thereby, access to the inside of the chamber 2 is enabled.
• the walls defining the chamber 2 are arranged as double walls with a heat insulating material (not shown in the drawing) positioned therebetween, for the purpose enabling maintenance of low temperature inside the chamber 2 and avoiding excessive use of cooling medium.
• Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the provision of cooling medium from the cooling medium source 4 to the chamber 2.
• the cooling medium consists of nitrogen stored in the cooling medium source 4 in liquid state.
• the conduit 7 from the cooling medium source 4 to the chamber 2 is subdivided in a number of branches, here three branches 33, 34, 35.
• a first branch 33 leads to a first nozzle 36 or opening through which the cooling medium is introduced into the chamber 2 in the region of the first drawing block 12 and the first die 14.
• a second branch 34 leads to a second nozzle 37 or opening through which the cooling medium is introduced into the chamber 2 in the region of the second drawing block 13 and the second die 15. It should be understood that there could be other alternative provisions of conduit branches and nozzles as well as alternative positioning thereof.
• a third branch 35 leads to the first die 14 and the second die 15 for the purpose of providing cooling medium to the respective die 14, 15 for the cooling thereof during operation.
• a control valve 38, 39, 40 for controlling the flow of cooling medium therein.
• a purge valve 41 In the conduit 7, downstream the main control valve 6 and upstream the respective branch 33, 34, 35, there is provided a purge valve 41.
• Fig. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the provision of cooling medium to the chamber 2 via the first branch 33, previously described with reference to fig. 5.
• the control valve 42 is used to control the flow of cooling medium to the first nozzle 36, providing general cooling of the chamber 2 by emitting cooling medium into the chamber 2 in front of the first drawing block 12.
• the control valve 43 is used to control the flow of cooling medium to the nozzle 45, which is configured to direct cooling medium onto the metal body 1 as it is being wound onto the first drawing block 12.
• the control valve 44 controls the flow of cooling medium to the nozzle 46, which is configured to direct cooling medium onto an inside of the drawing block 12, thus indirectly cooling the metal body 1 via the drawing block 12.
• a corresponding provision of cooling medium via several nozzles and control valves may be arranged to the second drawing block 13 via the second branch 34.
• the embodiment of the device of the present disclosure shown in figs. 1-4 further comprises an uncoiling plate 25 on which a wire coil 26 is positioned and uncoiled through a rotation of the uncoiling plate 25.
• the elongated metal body 1, here being described by said wire extends from said uncoiling plate 25 to rectifier device 27 for straightening of the wire.
• the metal body (the wire) 1 Before entering the chamber 2, the metal body (the wire) 1 extends into the same channel 10 as is used for evacuation of gaseous cooling medium from the chamber 2. In said channel 10, the metal body (the wire) 1 is pre-cooled before entering the chamber 2 through the previously mentioned chamber outlet 9.
• the metal body 1 extends through the respective die 14, 15 of the deformation device 5, thereby being pulled by the respective drawing block 12, 13.
• a heating device 28 aimed for heating the metal body 1 as the latter passes through said heating device 28.
• a printer 29 registering the speed with which metal body 1 passes it.
• a bending coiler 30 which winds the metal body 1, i.e. the wire, into a coil.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-04-25 US US15/569,301 patent/US20180119246A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-04-25 WO PCT/EP2016/059112 patent/WO2016173956A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2016-04-25 CN CN201680021664.3A patent/CN107466327A/zh active Pending
  • 2016-04-25 EP EP16722535.8A patent/EP3289110A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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