EP3286344A1 - Verfahren zur thermochemisch-thermischen behandlung von kohlenstoffreduzierten stählen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur thermochemisch-thermischen behandlung von kohlenstoffreduzierten stählenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3286344A1 EP3286344A1 EP16720336.3A EP16720336A EP3286344A1 EP 3286344 A1 EP3286344 A1 EP 3286344A1 EP 16720336 A EP16720336 A EP 16720336A EP 3286344 A1 EP3286344 A1 EP 3286344A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- temperature
- weight
- austenitizing
- bainite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
- C21D1/785—Thermocycling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/10—Differential treatment of inner with respect to outer regions, e.g. core and periphery, respectively
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2241/00—Treatments in a special environment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the thermochemical-thermal treatment of carbon-reduced steels, in which a peripheral zone of a workpiece, in particular a Wälziagermaschines is case hardened against a core.
- Carbon-reduced steels such as insert steels, tempered steels and the like are used, for example, in applications, for example rolling bearings, in which a high hardness of the surface with a residual elasticity of the workpiece is required.
- Process for case hardening of the surface by means of carbonitriding are known, for example, from DE 43 27 440 A1.
- the edge hardness of the workpiece is increased, so that a good load capacity with high toughness and wear resistance takes place.
- the object of the invention is the advantageous development of a method for the thermal-chemical-thermal treatment of carbon-reduced steels.
- the proposed method relates to the thermochemical-thermal treatment of carbon-reduced steels, for example case hardening steels, tempered steels and the like having a carbon content of 0.1 to 0.4 percent by weight.
- the proposed method contains at least the following method steps:
- the contents of nitrogen and carbon are preferably determined in the finished state of the workpiece after grinding
- the edge zone over the specified penetration depth of the workpiece to a significantly increased toughness of Materiaige sleepges with sufficient hardness, for example, greater than 59 HRC.
- the cooling of the workpiece to room temperature before and / or after the treatment in the lower bainite step can take place in a salt bath or in a furnace environment.
- the continuation of the process can be carried out in the same furnace environment as carbonitriding.
- stepped temperature steps "C" levels and / or nitrogen contents in the gas phase may be performed.
- the C-PegeL for example, a CO content, a methane content or the like
- the temperature or an ammonia content in the sense of a boost / diffuse process can be changed.
- Typical C levels for carburization are between ⁇ ; 65 to 1.2%, depending on the use of the alloy of the steel used.
- the nitrogen contents in the gas phase for nitriding the surface layer, such as the edge zone of the material are adjusted, for example, depending on production batches of workpieces, the component surface of the workpiece, the furnace load and the like.
- the workpiece after completion of the austenitizing step, the workpiece may be hardened to the lower bainite level by quenching the workpiece in a salt bath or the like.
- a temperature of the lower bai nit stage can be set between the austenitizing and the bainitrogenation over a given time interval.
- the workpiece may be cooled to temperatures below the lower bainite level , for example, to room temperature, and prior to bainiying at the lower bamit point, an intermediate annealing step at a temperature of between 550 ° C and 650 ° C with a subsequent austenitizing step at austenitizing temperature be carried out.
- the austenitizing step can be directly followed by the intermediate annealing step, in which the temperature is increased immediately.
- it can be cooled to a temperature below the lower base stage, for example room temperature, between the intermediate annealing step and the austenitizing step over a given time interval.
- the intermediate annealing step can be held for at least 2 hours.
- the austenitizing temperature can be maintained at least until complete reheating of the workpiece and a time margin of safety.
- a corresponding security surcharge zwj- see 5 and 60.
- the process step for Batnitmaschine of the workpiece can be carried out at Bainitmaschinestem- temperatures within a predetermined temperature interval, wherein the Bainttmaschinestemperatur is performed isothermally or with increasing temperature. It is understood that the individual time intervals are dependent on the size of the workpiece, on the furnace properties and the like, and depending on the size of the workpiece, its position in the furnaces and the like can be determined empirically or determined by means of corresponding modular calculations.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of the process temperature over the time of a first
- Figure 2 is a diagram of the process temperature over the time of a second
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the process temperature over the time of a third :
- FIGS. 1 to 3 each show a diagram 100, 200, 300 with the process temperature T against the process time t for carrying out a thermochemical / thermal process for the treatment of workpieces made of carbon-reduced steels.
- the real process temperature T moves between the upper temperature shown by solid lines and the lower temperature gestgesteiften by dashed lines.
- 1 shows the diagram 100 with a carbonitriding of the workpiece between the time 0 and the time t1.
- the Carbonitrians done by means of a C-Pegefs between 0.65 and 12% with the Zie! a specified case depth.
- the target of the marginal carbon content of the prefabricated part after grinding is in this case a carbon content of 0.5 to 0.9 weight percent, while in the core of the material 0.1 to 6 : 4 weight percent are provided depending on the type of material used.
- the target value here after grinding is a nitrogen content of at least 0.1 percent by weight and at the surface a maximum of 0.50 percent by weight.
- This carburizing / nitriding phase takes place with graduated temperatures / C levels and ammonia contents in the gas phase. For example, carburizing / nitriding at temperatures greater than 900 ° C. and a C level greater than 0.9 and increased ammonia contents are started.
- This furnace atmosphere is kept constant and after about 90% of the hardening depth has been reached between times t! t2 a lowering of the oven temperature to the typical austenitizing temperature between 800 ° C and 860 ° C depending on the composition of the materials used.
- the lowering of the C-level to 0 ; 6 to 0.9 and the Ammoniakgehaiies to about 50% of the content of the first process step.
- This furnace atmosphere is maintained until 100% CHD (Case Hardened Depth) is reached.
- the workpiece is quenched and between the times 12.
- the hardening in the form of a bajnification in a salt bath isothermal at temperatures of 170 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the workpiece After the conversion of the largest volume fraction of the structure, for example, bainitic contents greater than 75 percent by weight, the workpiece can be cooled in air to room temperature. Subsequent tempering at 150 ° C to 250 ° C is optional.
- FIG. 2 shows the method with the diagram 200 modified with respect to the method of FIG. 1.
- the embodiment of the carburizing / nitriding phase can, according to FIG. 1, be continuous between times 0, t1 with constant temperature / C level and ammonia content in the Gas phase are carried out the.
- a gradation / reduction of the C-level or temperature and ammonia content in the sense of a boost / diffuse process is also possible.
- the temperature range of the process temperature T is between 850 ° C and 960 ° C, typical C levels are 0.65 to 1.2, depending on the alloy used in the workpiece.
- the nitrogen contents of the gas phase are determined based on the specific component surface of the Ofenbefadung with workpieces.
- the hardening in the form of bainitization is carried out isothermally in the salt bath at temperatures of 170 ° C to ZS0 ° C between times t4, 15.
- work can also be carried out with increasing temperature in the conversion process and a reaction in a low-temperature furnace.
- the component After the conversion of the largest volume fraction of the structure, for example greater than 50 percent by weight, the component can be cooled in air to room temperature.
- FIG. 3 shows, in contrast to the method of FIG. 2 with the diagram 200, a slightly modified method with the diagram 300.
- the work piece After the conversion of the largest bulk fraction of the microstructure into bainite with a volume greater than 50% by volume, the work piece can be cooled in air to room temperature.
- tempering may optionally be performed at 150 ° C to 250 ° C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015207111.1A DE102015207111B3 (de) | 2015-04-20 | 2015-04-20 | Verfahren zur thermochemisch-thermischen Behandlung von kohlenstoffreduzierten Stählen |
| PCT/DE2016/200174 WO2016169560A1 (de) | 2015-04-20 | 2016-04-07 | Verfahren zur thermochemisch-thermischen behandlung von kohlenstoffreduzierten stählen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3286344A1 true EP3286344A1 (de) | 2018-02-28 |
| EP3286344B1 EP3286344B1 (de) | 2019-06-26 |
Family
ID=55910689
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16720336.3A Active EP3286344B1 (de) | 2015-04-20 | 2016-04-07 | Verfahren zur thermochemisch-thermischen behandlung von kohlenstoffreduzierten stählen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3286344B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102015207111B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2016169560A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017117290A1 (de) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-01-31 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wälzlagerbauteils |
| CN108220871A (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-06-29 | 常州天山重工机械有限公司 | 一种控制31CrMoV9齿轮材料氮化物的热处理方法 |
| CN112877639A (zh) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江辛子精工机械有限公司 | 一种高碳铬轴承钢碳氮共渗工艺及设备 |
| CN114962460A (zh) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-08-30 | 斯凯孚公司 | 经热处理的滚子轴承圈 |
| DE112023006256T5 (de) * | 2023-05-03 | 2026-04-16 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Lagerelements und Lagerelement |
| CN117802446B (zh) * | 2024-03-01 | 2024-07-02 | 山东天瑞重工有限公司 | 低碳高合金结构钢的热处理工艺方法和液压破碎锤活塞 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2142158A5 (de) * | 1971-06-15 | 1973-01-26 | Ferodo Sa | |
| DE4204982A1 (de) * | 1992-02-19 | 1993-08-26 | Hoechstadter Maschinenfabrik S | Verfahren zur thermochemisch-thermischen behandlung von einsatzstaehlen |
| DE4327440C2 (de) * | 1993-08-14 | 1997-07-03 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Kg | Verfahren zur thermochemisch-thermischen Behandlung von Einsatzstählen, Vergütungsstählen und Wälzlagerstählen |
| DE102004037067B3 (de) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-01-05 | Ab Skf | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken aus Stahl |
| DE102007044950B3 (de) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-01-29 | Ab Skf | Für eine Wälzbeanspruchung ausgebildetes Werkstück aus durchhärtendem Stahl und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung |
-
2015
- 2015-04-20 DE DE102015207111.1A patent/DE102015207111B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-04-07 WO PCT/DE2016/200174 patent/WO2016169560A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2016-04-07 EP EP16720336.3A patent/EP3286344B1/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016169560A1 (de) | 2016-10-27 |
| DE102015207111B3 (de) | 2016-08-18 |
| EP3286344B1 (de) | 2019-06-26 |
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