EP3285331A1 - Resonator - Google Patents

Resonator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3285331A1
EP3285331A1 EP16184491.5A EP16184491A EP3285331A1 EP 3285331 A1 EP3285331 A1 EP 3285331A1 EP 16184491 A EP16184491 A EP 16184491A EP 3285331 A1 EP3285331 A1 EP 3285331A1
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Prior art keywords
resonant
posts
resonator
pair
wall
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EP16184491.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3285331B1 (de
Inventor
Senad Bulja
Efstratios Doumanis
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/10—Dielectric resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
    • H01P1/2084—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure with dielectric resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a resonator for telecommunications.
  • Embodiments relate to a resonator assembly for radio frequency (RF) filters and a method.
  • RF radio frequency
  • Filters are widely used in telecommunications. Their applications vary from mobile cellular base stations, through radar systems, amplifier linearization, to point-to-point radio and RF signal cancellation, to name a few.
  • the choice of a filter is ultimately dependent on the application; however, there are certain desirable characteristics that are common to all filter realisations. For example, the amount of insertion loss in the pass-band of the filter should be as low as possible, while the attenuation in the stop-band should be as high as possible.
  • the guard band - the frequency separation between the pass-band and stop-band - needs to be very small, which requires filters of high-order to be deployed in order to achieve this requirement.
  • the filter - "Q factor" is defined as the ratio of energy stored in the element to the time-averaged power loss.
  • Q is typically in the range of ⁇ 60-100 whereas, for cavity type resonators, Q can be as high as several 1000s.
  • cavity resonators offer sufficient Q, but their size prevents their use in many applications.
  • the miniaturization problem is particularly pressing with the advent of small cells, where the volume of the base station should be minimal, since it is important the base station be as inconspicuous as possible (as opposed to an eyesore).
  • the currently-observed trend of macrocell base stations lies with multiband solutions within a similar mechanical envelope to that of single-band solutions without sacrificing the system's performance. Accordingly, it is desired to minimize the physical size and profile of cavity resonators/filters (that can offer the high Q), focusing on a low-profile suitable also for small-cell outdoor products
  • a resonator comprising: a resonant chamber defined by a first wall, a second wall opposing the first wall and side walls extending between the first wall and the second wall; pairs of resonant posts, each pair of resonant posts comprising a first resonant post separated from a second resonant post by an intra-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the first resonant post and the second resonant post, the first resonant post being grounded on the first wall and extending into the resonant chamber from the first wall, the second resonant post being grounded on the second wall and extending into the resonant chamber from the second wall; and wherein the pairs of resonant posts are separated by an inter-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the pairs of resonant posts.
  • the first aspect recognises that solutions exist which fail to provide suitable performance with a minimal size profile.
  • ceramic mono-block filters with external metallization are typically used. They offer significant size reduction but with relatively low Q of a few 100s (up to 500), which is too low for many applications. Additionally, the small size of the filters prevents their use in high-power applications, due to relatively high insertion losses and rather limited power-handling capabilities. Ceramic resonators, like mono-block filters, also offer significant size reductions. Furthermore, the filters offer power-handling capabilities that are much higher than those of mono-block filters. However, the cost is the main prohibiting factor for wider deployment of these filters. Cavity filters are suited to high-power applications, but they are relatively large, which is the principal limiting factor for their widespread use.
  • Size reduction of traditional combline resonators is achieved by employing capacitive caps to increase the diameter of the resonator's top end so as to provide a greater electric loading and hence reduce the frequency of operation.
  • this approach needs to be taken with care, since it reduces the Q factor.
  • a distributed resonator which utilises a so-called folded arrangement of 9 individual resonator elements, where each element is a standard coaxial, 90 degree long resonator post results in a tremendous size reduction with an added benefit - frequency agility.
  • the main disadvantage of the distributed resonator lies with the choice of the individual resonator elements - simple coaxial resonator elements in this case.
  • the first aspect also recognises that the resultant size reduction is, ultimately, a function of its resonator elements.
  • the resonator may comprise a resonant chamber.
  • the resonant chamber may be defined or have a first wall.
  • the resonance chamber may define or have a second wall.
  • the second wall may oppose, be opposite to or face the first wall.
  • the resonant chamber may define or have one or more side walls. The side walls may extend between the first wall and the second wall to provide the resonant chamber.
  • the resonator may also comprise a plurality of pairs of resonant posts. Each pair of resonant posts may comprise a first resonant post and a second resonant post. The first resonant post may be separated from the second resonant post by an intra-pair gap.
  • the first and second resonant posts may be located in proximity with, close to or adjacent each other to provide or enable magnetic field coupling between the first resonant post and the second resonant post.
  • the first resonant post of each pair may be electrically grounded to the first wall and extend from the first wall into the resonant chamber.
  • the second resonant post of each pair may be electrically grounded to the second wall and may extend from the second wall into the resonant chamber.
  • the pairs of resonant posts may be separated by an inter-pair gap.
  • the pairs of resonant posts may be located in proximity with each other to provide or enable magnetic field coupling between pairs of resonant posts. In this way, coupling is provided not only between the resonant posts making up each pair, but also between pairs of resonant posts which provides for an even greater level of miniaturisation compared to previous approaches, while still retaining the same degree of performance.
  • one of the first and second resonant posts of one pair of resonant posts is separated by the inter-pair gap and located in proximity with another of the first and second resonant posts of another pair of resonant posts for magnetic field coupling between the one of the first and second resonant posts of one pair of resonant posts and the another of the first and second resonant posts of the another pair of resonant posts.
  • the first resonant post of one pair may be located to provide magnetic field coupling with a second resonant post of another pair.
  • the second resonant post of one pair may be located to provide magnetic field coupling with the first resonant post of another pair. This provides for coupling along a path of interdigitated posts.
  • each adjacent pair of resonant posts is separated by an inter-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the adjacent pairs of resonant posts. Accordingly, magnetic field coupling may occur between adjacent pairs of resonant posts.
  • one of the first and second resonant posts of one of an adjacent pair of resonant posts is separated by the inter-pair gap and located in proximity with another of the first and second resonant posts of another of the adjacent pair of resonant posts for magnetic field coupling between the one of the first and second resonant posts of the of the adjacent pair of resonant posts and the another of the first and second resonant posts of the another of the adjacent pair of resonant posts.
  • the first resonant post of one pair may be located to provide magnetic field coupling with a second resonant post of an adjacent pair.
  • the second resonant post of one pair may be located to provide magnetic field coupling with the first resonant post of an adjacent pair. This provides for coupling along a path of adjacent interdigitated posts.
  • At least three adjacent pairs of resonant posts are each separated by an inter-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the adjacent pairs of resonant posts. Accordingly, magnetic field coupling may be provided between three or more adjacent pairs, which provides for more coupling directions to facilitate miniaturisation of the resonator.
  • one of the first and second resonant posts of a first adjacent pair of resonant posts is separated by the inter-pair gap and located in proximity with another of the first and second resonant posts of a second and a third adjacent pair of resonant posts for magnetic field coupling between the one of the first and second resonant posts of the first adjacent pair of resonant posts and the another of the first and second resonant posts of the second and the third adjacent pair of resonant posts.
  • the first resonant post of one pair may be located to provide magnetic field coupling with a second resonant post of two adjacent pairs.
  • the second resonant post of one pair may be located to provide magnetic field coupling with the first resonant post of two adjacent pairs. This provides for coupling along a path of adjacent interdigitated posts.
  • At least four adjacent pairs of resonant posts are each separated by an inter-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the adjacent pairs of resonant posts. Accordingly, magnetic field coupling may be provided between four or more adjacent pairs, which provides for more coupling directions to facilitate miniaturisation of the resonator.
  • one of the first and second resonant posts of a first adjacent pair of resonant posts is separated by the inter-pair gap and located in proximity with another of the first and second resonant posts of a second, a third and a fourth adjacent pair of resonant posts for magnetic field coupling between the one of the first and second resonant posts of the first adjacent pair of resonant posts and the another of the first and second resonant posts of the second, the third and the fourth adjacent pair of resonant posts.
  • the first resonant post of one pair may be located to provide magnetic field coupling with a second resonant post of three adjacent pairs.
  • the second resonant post of one pair may be located to provide magnetic field coupling with the first resonant post of three adjacent pairs. This provides for coupling along a path of adjacent interdigitated posts.
  • the pairs of resonant posts are arranged at least one of linearly, curvilinearly and rectilinearly. Accordingly, a range of different configurations are possible, including a linear arrangement, layout or configuration, a curved or circular arrangement, and a matrix, rectilinear or grid arrangement.
  • the pairs of resonant posts are arranged in a circular grid. Accordingly, the pairs of resonant posts may be arranged in circular grid where posts are arranged into a series of concentric circular positions.
  • the pairs of resonant posts are arranged in rows and columns of an 'N x N' matrix. Accordingly, the pairs may be arranged as N rows of N columns of pairs, or as a grid.
  • each intra-pair gap is orientated to control magnetic field coupling between adjacent pairs of resonant posts. Accordingly, the orientation of the intra-pair gap may be selected to vary the magnetic field coupling between adjacent pairs of resonant posts.
  • each intra-pair gap is orientated to be transverse to the rows and columns. Accordingly, the intra-pair gap may be orientated to be non-parallel with the direction of either the rows and/or columns. This helps to provide for coupling between rows and columns simultaneously. This again helps to reduce the resonator size.
  • each intra-pair gap is orientated at 45° to the rows and columns.
  • an even distribution of magnetic coupling between the rows and columns occurs, which helps prevent hot-spots occurring within the resonator and helps to provide for coupling not only along the rows and columns but also diagonally within the matrix.
  • each pair of resonant posts comprises opposing elongate posts, symmetric about the intra-pair gap.
  • the first resonant post and the second resonant post may be dimensioned, configured or arranged to be symmetric or mirrored about an axis defined by the intra-pair gap between those two posts.
  • each resonant post has a generally semi-circular cross section. It will be appreciated that each resonant post may have any suitable cross-section, such as generally triangular through to generally circular. It will also be appreciated that vertices of the cross-section may be rounded to improve current flow within the resonant post.
  • each pair of resonant posts comprises opposing surfaces separated by the inter-pair gap.
  • the opposing surfaces may be planar or non-planar. Typically, the profile of those opposing surfaces will be complementary.
  • each pair of resonant posts comprise at least one tuning mechanism.
  • the tuning mechanism may comprise a displaceable screw which extends into the resonant chamber towards the resonant posts.
  • At least one pair of resonant posts is coupled with an incoming signal feed and at least one pair of resonant posts is coupled with an outgoing filtered signal feed. It will be appreciated that a variety of different coupling arrangements may be used to couple the incoming signal feed with the resonant posts and to couple the outgoing filtered signal feed with the resonant posts.
  • a method of radio frequency filtering comprising passing a signal for filtering through at least one resonator, each resonator comprising: a resonant chamber defined by a first wall, a second wall opposing the first wall and side walls extending between the first wall and the second wall; pairs of resonant posts, each pair of resonant posts comprising a first resonant post separated from a second resonant post by an intra-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the first resonant post and the second resonant post, the first resonant post being grounded on the first wall and extending into the resonant chamber from the first wall, the second resonant post being grounded on the second wall and extending into the resonant chamber from the second wall; and wherein the pairs of resonant posts are separated by an inter-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the pairs of resonant posts.
  • one of the first and second resonant posts of one pair of resonant posts is separated by the inter-pair gap and located in proximity with another of the first and second resonant posts of another pair of resonant posts for magnetic field coupling between the one of the first and second resonant posts of one pair of resonant posts and the another of the first and second resonant posts of the another pair of resonant posts.
  • each adjacent pair of resonant posts is separated by an inter-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the adjacent pairs of resonant posts.
  • one of the first and second resonant posts of one of an adjacent pair of resonant posts is separated by the inter-pair gap and located in proximity with another of the first and second resonant posts of another of the adjacent pair of resonant posts for magnetic field coupling between the one of the first and second resonant posts of the of the adjacent pair of resonant posts and the another of the first and second resonant posts of the another of the adjacent pair of resonant posts.
  • At least three adjacent pairs of resonant posts are each separated by an inter-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the adjacent pairs of resonant posts.
  • one of the first and second resonant posts of a first adjacent pair of resonant posts is separated by the inter-pair gap and located in proximity with another of the first and second resonant posts of a second and a third adjacent pair of resonant posts for magnetic field coupling between the one of the first and second resonant posts of the first adjacent pair of resonant posts and the another of the first and second resonant posts of the second and the third adjacent pair of resonant posts.
  • At least four adjacent pairs of resonant posts are each separated by an inter-pair gap and located in proximity with each other for magnetic field coupling between the adjacent pairs of resonant posts.
  • one of the first and second resonant posts of a first adjacent pair of resonant posts is separated by the inter-pair gap and located in proximity with another of the first and second resonant posts of a second, a third and a fourth adjacent pair of resonant posts for magnetic field coupling between the one of the first and second resonant posts of the first adjacent pair of resonant posts and the another of the first and second resonant posts of the second, the third and the fourth adjacent pair of resonant posts.
  • the pairs of resonant posts are arranged at least one of linearly, curvilinearly and rectilinearly.
  • the pairs of resonant posts are arranged in a circular grid.
  • the pairs of resonant posts are arranged in rows and columns of an 'N x N' matrix.
  • each intra-pair gap is orientated to control magnetic field coupling between adjacent pairs of resonant posts.
  • each intra-pair gap is orientated to be transverse to the rows and columns.
  • each intra-pair gap is orientated at 45° to the rows and columns.
  • each pair of resonant posts comprises opposing elongate posts, symmetric about the intra-pair gap.
  • each resonant post has a generally semi-circular cross section.
  • each pair of resonant posts comprises opposing surfaces separated by the inter-pair gap.
  • each pair of resonant posts comprise at least one tuning mechanism.
  • At least one pair of resonant posts is coupled with an incoming signal feed providing the signal and at least one pair of resonant posts is coupled with an outgoing filtered signal feed providing a filtered signal.
  • Embodiments provide a resonator structure which provides for high Q whilst minimising the physical size of the resonator. This is achieved by providing split resonator pairs, arranged in an array of pairs. Each pair of resonators achieves strong coupling, not only between the resonator posts making up each pair but also between adjacent pairs. The coupling between adjacent pairs exists in multiple directions which provides for additional paths which provides for even greater miniaturisation. Different layouts of the pairs are possible, ranging from linear, curvilinear, grids or matrices, as well as circular or other curved arrangements.
  • an intra-resonator gap exists between resonant posts making up each pair of resonators across which coupling occurs.
  • the orientation and shape of that intra-pair gap with respect to adjacent resonant posts varies the coupling between those adjacent posts.
  • the resonant posts present opposed planar surfaces separated by the intra-pair gap, although non-planar configurations are also envisaged.
  • an inter-pair gap exists between adjacent pairs of resonators, across which coupling occurs. The orientation and shape of that inter-pair gap with respect to adjacent resonant pairs varies the coupling between those adjacent pairs.
  • the pairs of resonant posts present opposed non-planar surfaces separated by the inter-pair gap, although planar configurations are also envisaged.
  • the gap may be considered to be defined as a constant width between the adjacent resonators defined by the profile of those opposing planar surfaces.
  • the gap may be considered to be defined as a varying width between the adjacent resonators defined by the profile of those opposing non-planar surfaces. This can then be utilised to further control the characteristics of the resonator and provides for additional paths which provides for even greater miniaturisation.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a layout of a resonator structure 2 in which there are two resonator posts 4, 6, one 4 of which is grounded on the bottom 8 of a resonator cavity 10 and the other 6 of which is grounded on the top 12 of the resonator cavity 10.
  • This resonant structure 2 is a building-block of resonator structures of embodiments.
  • top wall bottom wall
  • side walls is intended to distinguish the walls from each other and resonators may function in any orientation relative to the Earth.
  • Figure 2 corresponds to two of the resonators each represented by their own equivalent - parallel LC (inductor-capacitor) - circuit connected through an admittance transformer, Y t .
  • the first term on the right corresponds to the susceptance of inductor L 0
  • the second term represents the equivalent capacitive susceptance, composed of the susceptance of capacitor C 0 and the susceptance contribution of the second resonator.
  • Equation (5) indicates that the introduction of an admittance transformer, Y t , results in two resonant frequencies: one above and the other below the resonant frequency of an individual resonator.
  • the resonant frequencies of the resonator structure 2 shown in Figure 2 can be adjusted by a selection of the admittance transformer, Y t .
  • ⁇ Y t 2 C 0 + ⁇ 0 2 L 0 2 Y t
  • the admittance transformer, Y t is allowed to vary from 0.0033 S (equivalent to 300 ⁇ ) to 0.05 S (equivalent to 20 ⁇ ).
  • circles represent resonant frequency of each of the two resonator posts 4,6, squares represent the lower bound to the operating frequency range, and triangles represent the upper bound to the operating frequency range.
  • Coupled represents the amount of energy that one resonator post intercepts from another resonator post and can be expressed equally well by an equivalent loading "impedance” that one resonator post exhibits when another resonator post is placed in its vicinity.
  • the loading impedance is infinite, no coupling exists between the resonator posts. In practice, this corresponds to the case of infinite physical separation between resonator posts.
  • the resonators are positioned at opposite sides from each other. This means that the directions of the surface currents on the respective resonator posts 4,6 are such that the magnetic fields created by these two currents reinforce each other in the space 16 between the resonators. This implies that the coupling between the two resonator posts 4, 6 is strong, the resonator posts 4,6 exhibit a great deal of influence on each other, and this influence can be controlled by manipulating the amount of coupling between the two resonator posts 4,6. As explained earlier with reference to Figure 2 , coupling can be represented by an equivalent impedance/admittance transformer between the two resonators.
  • this notional impedance/admittance transformer has a tunable electrical length.
  • each individual resonator post has an electrical length of 90° in isolation and that the electrical length of the transformer is adjustable, the overall electrical length of the resonant structure shown in Figure 1 can be arbitrarily long, resulting in reduced frequencies of operation compared to a single resonator in isolation.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a distributed resonator consisting of 25 individual resonators, arranged in a rectangular, 5x5, grid according to one embodiment.
  • Each individual resonator 20a is itself a distributed resonator of second order, consisting of two resonant elements 4a, 6a similar to the arrangement described above and is referred to as a split resonator.
  • Each resonator element 4a, 6a is half-cylindrical.
  • Each resonant element 4a is electrically coupled to the bottom 8a of the resonant cavity 10a, while each resonant element 6a coupled to the top 12a of the resonant cavity 10a.
  • each resonator 20a presents opposed non-planar surfaces and is separated by an inter-resonator gap 40a at the closest approach between adjacent resonators 20a.
  • each resonator element 4a, 6a may have a different cross-sectional profile such as faceted and may present opposing (facing) planar surfaces separated by the inter-resonator gap 40a.
  • split resonator in a distributed resonator fashion has distinct advantages over traditional and mini-coaxial resonators laid out in a distributed fashion, namely:
  • split resonators in a variety of distributed fashions. For example, they could be arranged in a rectangular grid configurations, n x n (where n is an integer), or they could be arranged in a circular or curvilinear configuration.
  • a signal is received via an input signal feed 100 within the resonant cavity 10a.
  • the input signal feed 100a magnetically couples with resonator post 4a1, which in turn magnetically couples across the intra-resonator gap 30a with resonator post 6a1.
  • Resonator post 6a1 magnetically couples across the inter-resonator gaps 40a with resonator posts 4a2, 4a3, 4a4.
  • the relative orientation of the intra-resonator gaps 30a affects the degree of couple across inter-resonator gaps 40a with adjacent resonator posts.
  • the Magnetic coupling then continues between the resonator posts and the signal distributes across the array in the directions X, Y and D.
  • a filtered signal is then received at an output signal feed 200a.
  • Figure 5 illustrates another embodiment of the distributed split resonator with 4x4 individual resonator elements 20b, where each individual resonator element is a distributed resonator of order 2.
  • each individual resonator element is a distributed resonator of order 2.
  • the configuration shown can be termed folded, since individual elements are positioned in a grid.
  • Each individual resonator 20b is itself a distributed resonator of second order, consisting of two resonant elements 4b, 6b and is referred to as a split resonator.
  • Each resonator element 4b, 6b is half-cylindrical.
  • Each resonant element 4b is electrically coupled to the bottom 8b of the resonant cavity 10b, while each resonant element 6b coupled to the top 12b of the resonant cavity 10b.
  • the two resonant elements 4b, 6b present opposing (facing) planar surfaces separated by an intra-resonator gap 30b.
  • Each resonator 20b presents opposed non-planar surfaces and is separated by an inter-resonator gap 40b at the closest approach between adjacent resonators 20b.
  • each resonator element 4b, 6b may have a different cross-sectional profile such as faceted and may present opposing (facing) planar surfaces separated by the inter-resonator gap 40b.
  • a signal is received via an input signal feed 100b within the resonant cavity 10b.
  • the input signal feed 100a magnetically couples with resonator post 4b1, which in turn magnetically couples across the intra-resonator gap 30b with resonator post 6b1.
  • Resonator post 6b1 magnetically couples across the inter-resonator gaps 40b with resonator posts 4b2, 4b3, 4b4.
  • the relative orientation of the intra-resonator gaps 30b affects the degree of couple across inter-resonator gaps 40b with adjacent resonator posts.
  • the Magnetic coupling then continues between the resonator posts and the signal distributes across the array in the directions X, Y and D.
  • a filtered signal is then received at an output signal feed 200b.
  • the resonator operates at the frequency of 1.8 GHz and its dimensions are 30 mm x 30 mm x 7 mm.
  • the performance of the resonator of Figure 5 is compared to the performance of a traditional distributed resonator of, made to operate at the same frequency, i.e. 1.8 GHz; Figure 6 shows this traditional distributed resonator.
  • the dimensions of the resonator of Figure 6 are 40 mm x 40 mm x 7 mm, i.e. this traditional resonator occupies the volume that is about 78 % greater than the volume occupied by the resonator of Fig. 5 .
  • Table 1 summarizes the relative performance of the two resonators.
  • Table 1 compares the performance of the resonators depicted in Figures 5 and 6 for the same frequency of operation, i.e. around 1800 MHz. The reported resonant-frequency values were obtained by utilizing the full-wave analysis software tool of CST Studio Suite. Table 1: Comparison of resonant frequencies of distributed resonators Resonator type Resonant frequency, f 0 [MHz] Q-factor Volume (mm 3 ) Traditional distributed resonator of Figure 6 1811 1825 40x40x7 Split distributed resonator of Figure 5 1811 1998 30x30x7
  • the split distributed resonator not only offers tremendous size reduction compared to the already low-volume distributed resonator, but it also offers better performance too.
  • the obtained Q-factor from the distributed split resonator with a volume of 6300 mm 3 is about 9.4 % greater than the Q-factor of the traditional distributed resonator with a volume of 11200 mm 3 - which is a significant difference.
  • the distributed split resonator offers a much better utilization of the available volume compared to the traditional distributed resonator, while retaining the attractive frequency tunability benefits.
  • the resonators 20a, 20b may be tuned using a tuning mechanism, such as a tuning screw (not shown) in order to adjust the resonant response of each resonator 20a, 20b.
  • a tuning mechanism such as a tuning screw (not shown) in order to adjust the resonant response of each resonator 20a, 20b.
  • Figure 7 illustrates another embodiment of the distributed split resonator 10c with a circular arrangement.
  • each individual resonator element 20c is a distributed resonator of order 2.
  • the configuration shown can be termed folded, since individual elements are positioned in a grid.
  • Each individual resonator 20c is itself a distributed resonator of second order, consisting of two resonant elements 4c, 6c and is referred to as a split resonator.
  • Each resonator element 4c, 6c is half-cylindrical.
  • Each resonant element 4c is electrically coupled to the bottom of the resonant cavity, while each resonant element 6c coupled to the top of the resonant cavity.
  • the two resonant elements 4c, 6c present opposing (facing) planar surfaces separated by an intra-resonator gap 30c.
  • Each resonator 20c presents opposed non-planar surfaces and is separated by an inter-resonator gap 40c at the closest approach between adjacent resonators 20b.
  • each resonator element 4c, 6c may have a different cross-sectional profile such as faceted and may present opposing (facing) planar surfaces separated by the inter-resonator gap 40c.
  • a signal is received via an input signal feed within the resonant cavity.
  • the input signal feed magnetically couples with a resonator post, which in turn magnetically couples across the intra-resonator gap 30c with another resonator post. That resonator post magnetically couples across the inter-resonator gaps 40c with other resonator posts.
  • the relative orientation of the intra-resonator gaps 30c affects the degree of couple across inter-resonator gaps 40c with adjacent resonator posts.
  • the magnetic coupling then continues between the resonator posts and the signal distributes across the array.
  • a filtered signal is then received at an output signal feed.
  • the distributed split resonator of embodiments can be, without any loss of generality applied in the same number of realizations as the traditional distributed resonator.
  • the individual resonator elements can be laid out in a linear, curvilinear, of folded grid realizations.
  • program storage devices e.g., digital data storage media, which are machine or computer readable and encode machine-executable or computer-executable programs of instructions, wherein said instructions perform some or all of the steps of said above-described methods.
  • the program storage devices may be, e.g., digital memories, magnetic storage media such as a magnetic disks and magnetic tapes, hard drives, or optically readable digital data storage media.
  • the embodiments are also intended to cover computers programmed to perform said steps of the above-described methods.
  • processors may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing software in association with appropriate software.
  • the functions may be provided by a single dedicated processor, by a single shared processor, or by a plurality of individual processors, some of which may be shared.
  • processor or “controller” or “logic” should not be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software, and may implicitly include, without limitation, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware, network processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), read only memory (ROM) for storing software, random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile storage. Other hardware, conventional and/or custom, may also be included.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • non-volatile storage Other hardware, conventional and/or custom, may also be included.
  • any switches shown in the Figures are conceptual only. Their function may be carried out through the operation of program logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of program control and dedicated logic, or even manually, the particular technique being selectable by the implementer as more specifically understood from the context.
  • any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry embodying the principles of the invention.
  • any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11276907B2 (en) 2019-03-26 2022-03-15 Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy Apparatus for radio frequency signals and method of manufacturing such apparatus

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EP1575118A1 (de) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-14 M/A-Com, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abstimmung von Schaltungen mit dielektrischen Resonatoren
WO2007149423A2 (en) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-27 M/A-Com, Inc. Dielectric resonator circuits
EP3012901A1 (de) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 Alcatel Lucent Resonator, Funkfrequenzfilter und Filterverfahren
EP3012902A1 (de) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 Alcatel Lucent Resonator, Filter und Verfahren zur Hochfrequenzfilterung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1575118A1 (de) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-14 M/A-Com, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abstimmung von Schaltungen mit dielektrischen Resonatoren
WO2007149423A2 (en) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-27 M/A-Com, Inc. Dielectric resonator circuits
EP3012901A1 (de) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 Alcatel Lucent Resonator, Funkfrequenzfilter und Filterverfahren
EP3012902A1 (de) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 Alcatel Lucent Resonator, Filter und Verfahren zur Hochfrequenzfilterung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11276907B2 (en) 2019-03-26 2022-03-15 Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy Apparatus for radio frequency signals and method of manufacturing such apparatus

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