EP3301752A1 - Resonator - Google Patents

Resonator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3301752A1
EP3301752A1 EP16191178.9A EP16191178A EP3301752A1 EP 3301752 A1 EP3301752 A1 EP 3301752A1 EP 16191178 A EP16191178 A EP 16191178A EP 3301752 A1 EP3301752 A1 EP 3301752A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resonator
resonant
wall
elements
resonant elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16191178.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Senad Bulja
Efstratios Doumanis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Technologies Oy
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Technologies Oy filed Critical Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority to EP16191178.9A priority Critical patent/EP3301752A1/de
Publication of EP3301752A1 publication Critical patent/EP3301752A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/04—Coaxial resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/205—Comb or interdigital filters; Cascaded coaxial cavities

Definitions

  • the main disadvantage of the distributed resonator lies with the choice of the individual resonator elements - simple coaxial resonator elements in this case.
  • the first aspect also recognises that the resultant size reduction is, ultimately, a function of its resonator elements.
  • the first and the second resonant elements define constant intra-structure gaps. Accordingly, the distance between each resonant element within the tubular structure may be the same, constant, identical or matching.
  • the first and the second resonant elements are symmetric about their intra-structure gap.
  • the first and the second resonant elements are elongate.
  • first and the second resonant elements of adjacent tubular structures alternate radially, each separated by the inter-structure gap. Accordingly, resonant elements of adjacent tubular structures may alternate radially between first and second resonant elements. This helps to ensure that first and second resonant elements are adjacent each other to provide for magnetic field coupling between concentric tubular structures.
  • the first and second resonant elements of adjacent tubular structures define constant inter-structure gaps. Accordingly, the distance between each resonant element between different tubular structures maybe the same, constant, identical or matching.
  • intra-structure gaps of adjacent tubular structures are radially aligned.
  • the resonator comprises a tuning screw concentrically located within an innermost tubular structure.
  • the tuning screw may also be a resonator element.
  • a method of radio frequency filtering comprising passing a signal for filtering through at least one resonator of the first aspect.
  • Embodiments provide a resonator, resonant structure or filter which provides for high Q whilst minimizing the physical size of the resonator.
  • This is achieved by providing split resonant pairs arranged to form one or more inter-digitated slotted tubes.
  • the inter-digitated slotted tubes are coaxially or concentrically located and positioned so one tubular structure surrounds another.
  • Each pair of resonators achieves strong coupling, not only between adjacent resonant elements within each tubular structure, but also between adjacent resonant elements of adjacent tubular structures.
  • the coupling between adjacent pairs exists in multiple directions, which provides for additional paths which provides for even greater miniaturization.
  • each tubular structure which need not be cylindrical.
  • an intra-structure gap exists between each resonant element within a tubular structure.
  • the intra-structure gap is typically the same for each resonant element within the tubular structure, the gap can also be varied depending on design requirements in order to adjust magnetic coupling between resonant elements.
  • each tubular structure is separated by an inter-structure gap.
  • the inter-structure gap is typically the same between each tubular structure, this can also be varied, depending on design requirements, in order to vary the magnetic coupling between resonant elements of different tubular structures.
  • the resonant elements present opposed non-planar surfaces separated by the intra-structure gap, although planar configurations are also envisaged.
  • the gap may be considered to be defined as a constant width between the adjacent resonator elements defined by the profile of those opposing planar surfaces.
  • the gap may be considered to be defined as a varying width between the adjacent resonant elements defined by the profile of those opposing non-planar surfaces.
  • the resonant elements present opposed non-planar surfaces separated by the inter-structure gap, although planar configurations are also envisaged.
  • the gap may be considered to be defined as a constant width between the adjacent resonator elements defined by the profile of those opposing non-planar surfaces.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a layout of an existing resonator structure 2 in which there are two resonator posts 4, 6, one 4 of which is grounded on the bottom 8 of a resonator cavity 10 and the other 6 of which is grounded on the top 12 of the resonator cavity 10.
  • This general resonant structure 2 is a building-block of resonator structures of embodiments.
  • top wall bottom wall
  • side walls is intended to distinguish the walls from each other and resonators may function in any orientation relative to the Earth.
  • Figure 2 corresponds to two of the resonators each represented by their own equivalent - parallel LC (inductor-capacitor) - circuit connected through an admittance transformer, Y t .
  • the first term on the right corresponds to the susceptance of inductor L 0
  • the second term represents the equivalent capacitive susceptance, composed of the susceptance of capacitor C 0 and the susceptance contribution of the second resonator.
  • the admittance transformer, Y t is allowed to vary from 0.0033 S (equivalent to 300 ⁇ ) to 0.05 S (equivalent to 20 ⁇ ).
  • circles represent resonant frequency of each of the two resonator posts 4,6, squares represent the lower bound to the operating frequency range, and triangles represent the upper bound to the operating frequency range.
  • the loading impedance is infinite, no coupling exists between the resonator posts. In practice, this corresponds to the case of infinite physical separation between resonator posts.
  • the resonators are positioned at opposite sides from each other. This means that the directions of the surface currents on the respective resonator posts 4,6 are such that the magnetic fields created by these two currents reinforce each other in the space 16 between the resonators. This implies that the coupling between the two resonator posts 4, 6 is strong, the resonator posts 4,6 exhibit a great deal of influence on each other, and this influence can be controlled by manipulating the amount of coupling between the two resonator posts 4,6. As explained earlier with reference to Figure 2 , coupling can be represented by an equivalent impedance/ admittance transformer between the two resonators.
  • this notional impedance/ admittance transformer has a tunable electrical length.
  • each individual resonator post has an electrical length of 90° in isolation and that the electrical length of the transformer is adjustable, the overall electrical length of the resonant structure shown in Figure 1 can be arbitrarily long, resulting in reduced frequencies of operation compared to a single resonator in isolation.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an arrangement of an existing mini-coax resonator; (a) is an isometric view and (b) is a top view.
  • the resonator 20a is itself a distributed resonator of second order, consisting of two resonant elements 4a, 6a similar to the arrangement described above and is referred to as a split resonator.
  • Each resonant element 4a, 6a is cylindrical.
  • Resonant element 4a is electrically coupled to the bottom 8a of the resonant cavity 10a, while resonant element 6a coupled to the top 12a of the resonant cavity 10a.
  • the two resonant elements 4a, 6a are separated by a gap 30a.
  • the 25 individual resonator elements are arranged in a circular grid where the individual resonator elements are arranged concentrically, in an inter-digitated fashion.
  • three tubular structures 50b1, 50b2, 50b3 are provided. The diameter and circumference of each of the three tubular structures 50b1, 50b2, 50b3 differ.
  • the three tubular structures 50b1, 50b2, 50b3 are axially aligned and so share a common axis. Accordingly the three tubular structures 50b1, 50b2, 50b3 are nested together, coaxially located and occupy a space similar to that of the mini-coax resonator mentioned above.
  • Each tubular structure 50b1, 50b2, 50b3 is made up of a number of resonant elements extending around a circumference of that tubular structure 50b1, 50b2, 50b3.
  • the tubular structure 50b1 is formed by 8 resonant elements 6b1 to 6b4 and 4b1 to 4b4.
  • Each resonant element is separated by an intra-structure gap 30b.
  • the intra-structure gap 30b is identical between each adjacent resonant element within that tubular structure 50b1.
  • the resonant elements 4b1 to 4b4 are electrically coupled to the bottom 8b of the resonant cavity 10b, while resonant elements 6b1 to 6b4 are electrically coupled to the top 12b of the resonant cavity 10b.
  • the resonant elements 6b1 to 6b4 and 4b1 to 4b4 alternate around the tubular structure 50b1 to form an interdigitated arrangement.
  • the resonant elements 6b1 to 6b4 and 4b1 to 4b4 have a cross-sectional area defined by an arc of an annulus.
  • Opposing faces of adjacent resonant elements separated by the intra-structure gap 30b are symmetric about that intra-structure gap 30b. Typically, these opposing faces will be slightly rounded to improve current flow within the resonant elements.
  • the axially-central position is occupied by a tuning screw 60b, which acts as one of the resonant elements.
  • the arrangement of the distributed resonator of Figure 5 is only one of the possible realizations.
  • the number of resonator elements along the perimeter need not be 8, but any integer number would suffice.
  • the number of resonator elements along the perimeter need to be even and may be odd.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a distributed resonator 20c with 17 individual resonator elements according to one embodiment; (a) is an isometric view and (b) is a top view.
  • the 17 individual resonator elements are arranged in a circular grid where the individual resonator elements are arranged concentrically, in an inter-digitated fashion.
  • two tubular structures 50c1, 50c2 are provided.
  • the diameter and circumference of the two tubular structures 50c1, 50c2 differ.
  • the two tubular structures 50c1, 50c2 are axially aligned and so share a common axis.
  • the two tubular structures 50c1, 50c2 are nested together, coaxially located and occupy a space similar to that of the mini-coax resonator mentioned above.
  • Each tubular structure 50c1, 50c2 is made up of a number of resonant elements extending around a circumference of that tubular structure 50c1, 50c2.
  • the tubular structure 50c1 is formed by 8 resonant elements 6c1 to 6c4 and 4c1 to 4c4.
  • Each resonant element is separated by an intra-structure gap 30c.
  • the intra-structure gap 30c is identical between each adjacent resonant element within that tubular structure 50c1.
  • the resonant elements 4c1 to 4c4 are electrically coupled to the bottom 8c of the resonant cavity 10c, while resonant elements 6c1 to 6c4 are electrically coupled to the top 12c of the resonant cavity 10c.
  • Tubular structure 50c2 has a similar configuration to tubular structure 50c1, but with a different diameter and therefore circumference.
  • the differing diameter provides for an inter-structure gap 40c between adjacent tubular structures.
  • the inter-structure gap 40c is constant between each adjacent tubular structure.
  • Adjacent tubular structures are arranged so that resonant elements from one tubular structure which are coupled to the bottom 8c of the resonant cavity 10c are adjacent resonant elements of the adjacent tubular structure which are electrically coupled to the top 12c of the resonant cavity 10c.
  • the resonant elements alternate radially between tubular structures to also form an interdigitated arrangement.
  • the intra-structure gaps 30c of adjacent tubular structures are aligned and extend radially.
  • the axially-central position is occupied by a tuning screw 60c, which acts as one of the resonant elements.
  • a signal is received via an input signal feed (not shown) within the resonant cavity 10c.
  • the input signal feed magnetically couples with a resonator element, which in turn magnetically couples across its intra-structure gaps 30c with adjacent resonator elements and across its inter-structure gap 40c with an adjacent resonator element of an adjacent tubular structure.
  • the magnetic coupling then continues between the resonator element and the signal distributes across the array.
  • a filtered signal is then received at an output signal feed (not shown).
  • the resonator of Figure 6 is made to operate at the frequency of 2.3 GHz and its dimensions are 40 mm x 40 mm x 5 mm.
  • the frequency of operation of the resonator of Figure 6 has been compared to the frequency of operation of the resonator of Figure 3 having the same dimensions.
  • the radial separation of the concentric circular grids in the case of the resonator of Figure 6 is the same as the radial separation of the concentric cylinders of the resonator of Figure 3 .
  • the resonator of Figure 6 offers a reduction in the frequency of operation of over 15 % as compared to the frequency of operation of resonator of Figure 3 having the same dimensions. Further, if the frequency of operation of the two resonators is made to be identical, the separation of the distributed elements of the resonator of Figure 6 will be much greater than the separation among the concentric cylinders of the traditional mini-coax resonator, which indicates that the resonator of Figure 6 is capable of greater power handling capability.
  • the 25 individual resonator elements are arranged in a circular grid where the individual resonator elements are arranged concentrically, in an inter-digitated fashion.
  • three tubular structures 50d1, 50d2, 50d3 are provided. The diameter and circumference of each of the three tubular structures 50d1, 50d2, 50d3 differ.
  • the three tubular structures 50d1, 50d2, 50d3 are axially aligned and so share a common axis. Accordingly the three tubular structures 50d1, 50d2, 50b3 are nested together, coaxially located and occupy a space similar to that of the mini-coax resonator mentioned above.
  • a signal is received via an input signal feed (not shown) within the resonant cavity lOd.
  • the input signal feed magnetically couples with a resonator element, which in turn magnetically couples across its intra-structure gaps 30d with adjacent resonator elements and across its inter-structure gap 40d with an adjacent resonator element of an adjacent tubular structure.
  • the magnetic coupling then continues between the resonator element and the signal distributes across the array.
  • a filtered signal is then received at an output signal feed (not shown).
  • the miniaturized coaxial distributed resonator offers a better utilization of the available volume compared to the traditional mini-coax resonator, while retaining the attractive frequency tunability benefits.
  • the distributed resonator of embodiments can, without any loss of generality, be applied in a number of realizations.
  • any number of individual elements can be provided along the circumference. However, as stated earlier, this number should preferably be even.
  • any number of concentric rings can be provided and is only influenced by design requirements.
  • the intra-structure gaps are aligned radially, it will be appreciated that need not align. Also, differing width intra-structure gaps and inter-structure gaps may be provided as influenced by design requirements.
  • the resonant elements may have other than annual cross section, such as polygon or curved cross section
  • Embodiments provide for reduced physical dimensions of cavity filters. This quality is greatly valued in industrial applications. Size reduction can be achieved using distributed resonance provided by embodiments. Embodiments further enhance performance and provide a suitable, practical means to further reduce size without compromising frequency tunability and performance.
  • Embodiments have particular utility in the field of Remote Radio Heads, where smaller and lighter-weight filters result in a smaller wind load as well as reduced load-bearing requirements on the mounting mast/tower.
  • program storage devices e.g., digital data storage media, which are machine or computer readable and encode machine-executable or computer-executable programs of instructions, wherein said instructions perform some or all of the steps of said above-described methods.
  • the program storage devices maybe, e.g., digital memories, magnetic storage media such as a magnetic disks and magnetic tapes, hard drives, or optically readable digital data storage media.
  • the embodiments are also intended to cover computers programmed to perform said steps of the above-described methods.
  • processors may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing software in association with appropriate software.
  • the functions may be provided by a single dedicated processor, by a single shared processor, or by a plurality of individual processors, some of which may be shared.
  • processor or “controller” or “logic” should not be construed to refer exclusively to hardware capable of executing software, and may implicitly include, without limitation, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware, network processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), read only memory (ROM) for storing software, random access memory (RAM), and non-volatile storage. Other hardware, conventional and/or custom, may also be included.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • non-volatile storage Other hardware, conventional and/or custom, may also be included.
  • any switches shown in the Figures are conceptual only. Their function may be carried out through the operation of program logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of program control and dedicated logic, or even manually, the particular technique being selectable by the implementer as more specifically understood from the context.
  • any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry embodying the principles of the invention.
  • any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
EP16191178.9A 2016-09-28 2016-09-28 Resonator Withdrawn EP3301752A1 (de)

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EP16191178.9A EP3301752A1 (de) 2016-09-28 2016-09-28 Resonator

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EP16191178.9A EP3301752A1 (de) 2016-09-28 2016-09-28 Resonator

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3787102A1 (de) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-03 Nokia Technologies Oy Resonator

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3562677A (en) * 1968-11-22 1971-02-09 Corning Glass Works Cylindrical band-pass interdigital and comb-line filters
US3980920A (en) * 1975-07-02 1976-09-14 Raytheon Company Multi-resonator microwave oscillator
EP3012902A1 (de) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 Alcatel Lucent Resonator, Filter und Verfahren zur Hochfrequenzfilterung
EP3012901A1 (de) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 Alcatel Lucent Resonator, Funkfrequenzfilter und Filterverfahren

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3562677A (en) * 1968-11-22 1971-02-09 Corning Glass Works Cylindrical band-pass interdigital and comb-line filters
US3980920A (en) * 1975-07-02 1976-09-14 Raytheon Company Multi-resonator microwave oscillator
EP3012902A1 (de) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 Alcatel Lucent Resonator, Filter und Verfahren zur Hochfrequenzfilterung
EP3012901A1 (de) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 Alcatel Lucent Resonator, Funkfrequenzfilter und Filterverfahren

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3787102A1 (de) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-03 Nokia Technologies Oy Resonator
CN112448114A (zh) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-05 诺基亚技术有限公司 谐振器

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