EP3283918A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur spim-untersuchung einer probe - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur spim-untersuchung einer probeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3283918A1 EP3283918A1 EP16716886.3A EP16716886A EP3283918A1 EP 3283918 A1 EP3283918 A1 EP 3283918A1 EP 16716886 A EP16716886 A EP 16716886A EP 3283918 A1 EP3283918 A1 EP 3283918A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- detection
- sample
- beam path
- optical
- detection beam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 288
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 201
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/18—Arrangements with more than one light path, e.g. for comparing two specimens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
- G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/0064—Optical details of the image generation multi-spectral or wavelength-selective arrangements, e.g. wavelength fan-out, chromatic profiling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
- G02B21/08—Condensers
- G02B21/10—Condensers affording dark-field illumination
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
- G02B21/362—Mechanical details, e.g. mountings for the camera or image sensor, housings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
- G02B21/365—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes
- G02B21/367—Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes providing an output produced by processing a plurality of individual source images, e.g. image tiling, montage, composite images, depth sectioning, image comparison
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
- G01J2003/2826—Multispectral imaging, e.g. filter imaging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for SPIM examination of a sample.
- the invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out such a method and to a device for SPIM examination of a sample, comprising a lighting device for generating a light sheet and a detection arrangement comprising a detection objective and a detection beam path.
- SPIM Single Plane Illumination Microscopy
- a well-known application of SPIM technology is the field of fluorescence microscopy, in which fluorophores in the sample are excited by laser light.
- this excitation takes place in a sample layer illuminated by an illumination light sheet (also called "light strip”) .
- illumination light sheet also called "light strip”
- the sample is transilluminated with the light sheet, while the observation of the thus illuminated sample layer in FIG
- a three-dimensional representation of the sample can be produced
- a sample is illuminated with a thin strip of light, while the observation is made perpendicular to the plane of the illuminating light strip
- the illumination and the detection are carried out via two separate optical paths, each with a separate Op tik, in particular with two separate, mutually perpendicular lenses.
- the light strip is generated by an illumination objective and a cylinder optics connected in front of it.
- the sample is moved through the fixed relative to the detector strip of light to record layer by layer fluorescent and / or scattered light with a flat detector.
- the slice image data thus obtained can then be converted into a three-dimensional image of the sample compile the corresponding dataset.
- an arrangement for illuminating a sample in SPIM microscopy includes a light source for generating a light beam, means for generating a light strip from the light beam, and at least one objective having optics which is designed and intended to supply detection light emanating from the sample directly or indirectly to a detector.
- the arrangement includes a the optics of the lens downstream deflection device for deflecting the light strip.
- the object is achieved by a method in which a plurality of sample layers are illuminated simultaneously with a single light sheet and in which the detection light emanating from the individual sample layers is detected separately in time and / or spatially separately from one another.
- This object is achieved by a device of the aforementioned type, which is characterized in that the illumination device simultaneously illuminates a plurality of sample layers of a sample to be examined with the light sheet and the detection arrangement separately detects the detection light emanating from the individual sample layers separately in time and / or space ,
- the invention has the very special advantage that image data of these sample layers can be obtained very quickly, simultaneously or sequentially by simultaneously illuminating a plurality of sample layers, in particular without the sample having to be displaced relative to the detection arrangement. In this way, it is possible to record a stack of images quickly and without sacrificing the sample, which allows a three-dimensional reconstruction of the sample.
- a more sample-friendly examination of a sample in three dimensions is made possible in particular because the exposure to the illumination light can be reduced due to the faster image data acquisition and because, as will be explained in detail below, the sample does not have to be displaced relative to the detection arrangement.
- illumination of the plurality of sample layers with a single light sheet can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner, the spatial thickness of which is greater than the depth of field of the detection arrangement, so that the sample layers illuminated simultaneously by one and the same light sheet each outgoing detection light, simultaneously or sequentially, can be detected separately.
- the detection light emanating from the different sample layers is spatially separated, in particular simultaneously, focused on separate area detector elements.
- the detection light of the different sample layers, in particular simultaneously, is detected with a plurality of separate area detector elements.
- the detection beam path is branched and has a plurality of detection beam path branches, each with at least one surface detector element.
- the branching of the detection beam path can be achieved in particular with the aid of beam splitters, which can be designed, for example, as a beam splitter cube and / or as a neutral beam splitter.
- the optical path lengths of the detection beam path branches are adjusted with an adjustment device such that the detection light emanating from a sample layer is focused on a first area detector element of a first detection beam path branch and the detection light emanating from another sample layer is focused on a second area detector element of a second detector beam path branch.
- a third and further detection beam path branches may also be present, the detection light of a third and further sample layers being focused correspondingly on the area detector elements of these detection beam path branches.
- each of the illuminated sample layers is assigned a separate area detector element, wherein in each case the detection light emanating from a sample layer is focused on the assigned area detector element.
- detection light of another sample layer also reaches an area detector element not assigned to it; however, this detection light is not focused on this area detector element, so that it only contributes to background noise in obtaining image data with this area detector element.
- this background noise can be at least subsequently reduced in the processing of the acquired image signals and / or image data. It has been shown that the described effect plays a subordinate role anyway in practice anyway.
- the detection light is divided into different detection straw gong branches depending on at least one detection light property.
- the detection light property may comprise the spatial orientation of a linear polarization and / or the membership of a predetermined or predefinable wavelength range.
- the branching of the detection beam path is effected by color beam splitter. In this way it can be achieved that with respect to each sample layer only the detection light of a specific wavelength or a specific wavelength range is detected.
- the setting device makes it possible to adapt the optical path lengths of the detection straw gong branches in a sample-specific manner such that an area detector element is located in each of the sample layers in an optically corresponding plane.
- the optical light paths of the detection straw gong branches can be set in such a way that each of the surface detector elements "looks" at its own sample layer
- Such an adaptability of the optical path lengths has the particular advantage that the different configurations of different samples, in particular with respect to expansion and / or In particular, it may be considered whether the detection light has to travel a longer or a shorter path through the sample before it emerges from the sample, and also, for example, an adaptation of the optical path lengths when exchanging optical components in the sample Detection beam, such as when changing the detection lens, be made precisely.
- the optical path lengths of the individual detection straw gene branches are set independently of one another and / or can be set independently of one another.
- the adjusting device may comprise a plurality of adjusting elements, wherein each detection beam path branch may have its own adjusting element with which the optical path length of the respective detection beam path branch is set and / or adjustable.
- the detection beam path branches can, in particular in the area from the detection objective to a beam splitter, partially overlap and, moreover, in particular in the area in each case from a beam splitter to the respective area detector element, be spatially separated from one another.
- each detection beam path branch has its own setting element for adjusting the optical path length in the region in which it does not overlap with any other detection beam path.
- a common setting element which acts on a plurality of detection beam path branches and with which the optical path lengths of a plurality of detection beam path branches can be simultaneously changed.
- the detection light emanating from the different sample layers is focused in succession on the same area detector element.
- the detection light emanating from one of the sample layers and passing through a detection lens is guided on a detection beam path whose optical path length is set by means of an adjustment device such that the detection light emanating from this sample layer is focused on the surface detector element , wherein the area detector element for obtaining image data of this sample layer is read out in this setting of the path length, and in that time thereafter the optical path length of the detection beam path by means of Adjustment device is set such that the detection light emanating from another of the sample layers is focused on the area detector element, wherein the area detector element is read out again to obtain image data of the other sample layer at the other setting of the optical path length.
- the plurality of sample layers which may in particular be arranged perpendicular to the optical axis of the detection objective and parallel to one another, can be successively successively imaged onto the area detector element and image data specific to each sample layer can be obtained.
- the sample layers to be examined can advantageously be aligned parallel to one another.
- Such a procedure has the particular advantage that a simple arrangement of the area detector element (in the case of an unbranched detection beam path) or of the area detector elements (in the case of a branched detection beam path) is made possible.
- sample layers are aligned perpendicular to the optical axis of the detection objective because the detection light emanating from different positions of the respective sample layer then has to cover approximately the same light path through the sample.
- the sample layers to be examined at a distance from one another, which is greater than the optical resolution the detection arrangement used.
- the light sheet for simultaneously illuminating the plurality of sample layers can be formed, for example, by means of a cylinder optic from an illumination light bundle, in particular a laser illumination light bundle.
- a quasi-light sheet by reciprocating a light bundle, which is circular in particular, in cross section, in a plane of the light sheet.
- a cross-sectionally round illuminating light beam is generated, which swivels back and forth in such a way that it adjusts a beam deflecting device that is adjustable with respect to the deflection angle, which can be in particular the scanner of a scanning microscope Quasi-light sheet forms.
- the plane of the light sheet is oriented perpendicular to the optical axis of the detection objective and / or that the light sheet is directed such that it strikes and / or passes through the angle to the optical axis of the detection objective at a non-zero angle the sample runs.
- An alignment of the plane of the light plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the detection objective has the particular advantage that the sample layers can be illuminated in such a way that the light paths of the detection light are at least largely the same, relative to each detection layer, until they exit the sample.
- the light sheet in the direction of the optical axis of the detection lens has an extension which is greater than the depth of field of the detection arrangement, which comprises at least the detection objective and the detection beam path, it is possible To illuminate multiple sample layers simultaneously and to be able to detect the detection light emanating from the sample layers, simultaneously or sequentially, without having to move the sample.
- the detection light emanating from the plurality of sample layers has been detected and image data has been taken with respect to each desired sample layer, in a next step, other sample layers can be illuminated with the light sheet simultaneously and the detection light emanating from the different other sample layers can be detected as described above.
- the sample in order to illuminate a plurality of other sample layers with the light sheet, after having previously examined several sample layers, for example, the sample can be moved relative to the light sheet.
- Such an approach has the advantage that the entire optical structure with respect to illumination and detection, at least largely, can remain unchanged. It may only be necessary to slightly adjust the optical length of the detection beam path if the path length of the detection light through the sample changes until it leaves the sample.
- the sample could be damaged by moving the sample.
- moving the sample may be problematic if instruments such as microelectrodes or microneedles protrude into the sample during the examination.
- the adjustment device can then be used to determine the optical path length of the detection beam path and / or of the individual detection beam path branches adapted such that a focusing of the emanating from the individual other sample layers detection light is ensured on the surface detector element or the area detector elements.
- the area detector elements are parts of the same area detector, which can be designed, for example, as a CCD detector or as a CMOS detector or as an sCMOS detector.
- the area detector has a sensor area, wherein different spatial proportions of the sensor area form the different area detector elements.
- Such an embodiment is particularly suitable for simultaneous detection of the detection light emanating from the plurality of illuminated sample layers. In particular, by reading the entire area detector all information of all sample layers can be obtained simultaneously.
- the area detector elements can be separate area detectors or at least to be parts of separate area detectors.
- Such an embodiment has the advantage that the individual area detector elements can be operated and read completely independently of each other.
- the adjusting device for adjusting the optical path length of the detection beam path or for adjusting the optical path lengths of the detection tube path branches can be realized in quite different ways.
- the adjusting device or an adjusting element of the adjusting device comprises a plurality of different, transparent optical components, such as a plurality of glass blocks of different lengths, which can be inserted into the detection beam path or into a detection beam path branch in exchange for one another.
- a longer optical component or a component with a higher refractive index By replacing such an optical component with a longer optical component or a component with a higher refractive index, an extension of the optical path length can be effected, while by exchanging such an optical component for another optical component that is shorter and / or one Lower refractive index, a reduction of the optical path length of the detection beam path and the detection beam path branch can be achieved.
- the material glass for example in “glass block”
- any materials and material combinations can be used for the optical components of the setting device and also for all other optical components used.
- large parts of the optical components used or depicted in the figures can be partly or wholly made from air and / or other gases or gas mixtures or also from liquids
- the mirrors used may be designed as reflection prisms or, alternatively, only as simple single mirror surfaces also be beam splitter cube.
- the adjustment device has a plurality of transparent optical components which can be inserted independently of one another into the detection beam path and / or into a detection beam path branch.
- a plurality of optical components in the detection beam path or a detection beam path branch, wherein an extension of the optical path length can be achieved by adding a further optical component, while a shortening of the optical path length can be effected by removing one of the optical components.
- the adjustment device or at least one adjusting element of the adjustment device has a plurality of optical components arranged on a revolver or on a displacement arrangement , In this way it is possible, for example by simply rotating the revolver, an optical component in the detection beam path or in a detection beam path branch to replace it with another optical component. It is also possible to simultaneously exchange the optical components of a plurality of detection beam path branches by a single rotating operation or by a single shifting operation, which makes it possible to quickly and efficiently adjust the optical path lengths of a plurality of detection beam path branches in a setting step.
- the adjusting device or an adjusting element of the adjusting device has at least one transparent block, for example a glass block, which is movable, in particular rotatable and / or displaceable, such that it is in the detection beam path and / or in a detection beam path branch located portion of the block is changeable.
- a transparent block for example a glass block, which is movable, in particular rotatable and / or displaceable, such that it is in the detection beam path and / or in a detection beam path branch located portion of the block is changeable.
- the surface detector element could either be firmly anchored in its focus position or be kept movable in the sense that its position along the optical axis, for example by means of a mechanical, pneumatic, electrical or based on the piezoelectric effect drive, can be adjusted to a to reach certain position on the optical axis.
- This drive can be part of the adjustment. Such an adjustment could be automated or even performed manually during individual measurements or image recordings.
- the adjustment device or an adjustment element of the adjustment device has at least one optical component which can be set in the geometric and / or optical thickness.
- the adjusting device or an adjusting element of the adjusting device can have at least one optical component that can be changed in its shape exhibit.
- This adjustable optical component can be realized in particular in such a way that it has a fluid arranged in a container, in particular a liquid, wherein the shape of the container is variable. In this way, the geometric length of the irradiated by the detection light part of the optical component can be changed. This can be done, for example, by directly changing the shape of the vessel. However, it is also possible to change the shape of the optical component by applying pressure to the fluid or by generating a negative pressure.
- the adjustable optical component can have two transparent limiting disks, between which a fluid, in particular liquid, optical medium is arranged.
- the transparent limiting discs can form a receiving space for the optical medium, for example with a flexible elastic, in particular tubular, film together.
- the boundary plates By pressurizing the fluid with a pressure, the boundary plates can be pushed apart and thus the optical path length can be increased.
- the boundary plates By reducing the pressure acting on the fluid, the boundary plates can be moved towards each other and thereby a reduction of the optical path length can be achieved.
- At least one of the boundary layers, in particular all boundary layers located in the detection beam path is arranged at an angle different from 90 degrees to the direction of incidence of the detection light. or that at least one of the boundary layers, in particular all boundary layers located in the detection beam path, are arranged at an angle different from 90 degrees to the optical axis.
- filters for example bandpass filters
- filters can be applied to the boundary layers of the beam splitters and / or the optical components, in particular sputtered on. This, for example, in order to realize a wavelength-specific detection and / or to hide light of the excitation wavelength.
- at least one of the beam splitters and / or at least one of the optical components is designed so that aberrations are avoided or at least reduced and / or that aberrations are at least compensated.
- At least one of the beam splitters and / or at least one of the optical components can have at least one curved interface, in particular an aspherically curved interface.
- at least one of the beam splitters or one of the optical components has an inhomogeneous refractive index over its cross section and thus unfolds a lens effect (GRIN lens).
- GRIN lens lens effect
- the effective refractive power of the beam splitters and / or the optical components can be zero in an easily realizable way, which means that the focal length of these elements is infinite.
- an effective refractive power of zero also means that the angle of convergence of the respective detection beam focused on an area detector element is not changed by the respective beam splitter and the respective optical component.
- an effective refractive power of the element of zero for elements consisting of a single material is achieved by the front and the rear interface being flat.
- a beam splitter and / or an optical component whose boundary surfaces are curved, yet a refractive power of zero can be achieved by equaling the curvature of its front interface and its rear interface.
- a beam splitter and / or such an optical component it is also possible with such a beam splitter and / or such an optical component to achieve an axial offset of the focus of the detection light; this, without - unlike a lens - changes the convergence angle of the respective focused on a surface detector element detection light beam.
- the first boundary surface of the first beam splitter which is hit by the detection light, and which in each case are curved the same way for the individual detection beam path branches.
- at least one radius of curvature must be adjusted accordingly to achieve the same effect.
- the adjustable optical component can have two transparent, curved boundary plates, between which a fluid, in particular liquid, optical medium is arranged.
- the transparent, curved boundary plates can together form a receiving space for the optical medium, for example with a flexible elastic, in particular tubular, film.
- the boundary plates can be pushed apart and thus the optical path length can be increased.
- the boundary plates can be moved towards each other and thereby a reduction of the optical path length can be achieved.
- the two limiting discs are curved in the same direction and have the same radius of curvature.
- the refractive index of the fluid medium is adapted to the refractive index of the boundary writing.
- the refractive index of the medium is the same as that of the delineating letter.
- the device according to the invention may advantageously include a scanning microscope or a confocal scanning microscope and / or from a scanning microscope and / or a confocal scanning microscope.
- the beam deflecting device of the scanning microscope or confocal scanning microscope which can be adjusted with regard to the deflection angle, can be used to produce a quasi-continuous scan, as described above.
- FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with a branched detection beam path and surface deflector elements which are parts of the same surface detector
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a Vorrichfung invention mif a branched Detekfionsstrahlengang and separate mecanicnerteekforen
- FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of a device according to the invention mif a particular Einfellvoroplasty in a first setting
- FIG. 7 shows a sixth embodiment of a Vorrichfung invention
- 8 shows a seventh exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with infinitely adjustable setting elements
- FIG. 9 shows an illustration of the mode of operation of the continuously adjustable setting elements
- Fig. 1 an embodiment of a multi-dimensionally branched detection beam path
- FIG. 12 shows a ninth embodiment of a device according to the invention with bandpass filters
- FIG. 13 shows schematically the operating principle when using curved interfaces
- FIG. 14 is a detail view of a tenth embodiment, with curved interfaces
- Fig. 15 shows an embodiment of an adjustable optical component with curved boundary surfaces
- Fig. 1 6 an eleventh embodiment of a device according to the invention with direct placement of the detectors in the focal planes.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- the device has a light source 1, which may be formed for example as a laser and which generates a light beam 2.
- the light beam 2 is formed by means of a cylindrical lens 3 to form a light sheet 4, which is focused with a lighting objective 5 on a sample 6.
- the light-leaf plane is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
- the light-plane is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis 7 of a detection objective 49.
- the light sheet 4 simultaneously illuminates a plurality of sample layers 8, 9, 10.
- the detection light 11 originating from the individual sample layers 8, 9, 10 becomes of the de ⁇ ekionsobjek ⁇ iv 49 kollimier ⁇ and focused by a tube lens 12 and then passes to a first beam splitter 13, which reflects 2/3 of the detection light and transmits 1/3 of the detection light.
- the reflected portion of the detection light 1 1 reaches a further beam splitter 15, which transmits half of the incident light and reflects the other half.
- the part of the detection light 1 1 reflected by the first beam splitter 13 and transmitted by the second beam splitter 15 passes to a first area detector element 18 after passing through a first optical component 16 which is part of an adjustment device 17 for setting the optical path lengths of the detection beam path branches Path length of this detection beam path branch, at the end of which the first area detector element is located, is set such that the first area detector element 18 is located in an optically corresponding plane to the first sample layer 8.
- the transmitted by the first beam splitter 13 part of the detection light 1 1 passes to a mirror 14 and is deflected by this to a second surface detector element 19, which is the transmitted portion of the detection light 1 1 after passing through a second optical component 20, which is also part of the setting device 17th is reached.
- the second area detector element 19 is arranged in a plane which corresponds to the second sample layer 9 in an optically corresponding manner.
- the detection light reflected by the second beam splitter 15 likewise impinges on the mirror 14 and is deflected by the latter to a third area detector element 21, wherein a third optical component 22, which is also part of the setting device 1 7, passes.
- the third area detector element 21 is located in a plane which corresponds optically to the third sample layer 10.
- the detection light 1 1 of the different sample layers 8, 9, 10, in particular simultaneously, with the separate area detector elements 18, 19, 21 are detected.
- the area detector elements 18, 19, 21 are parts of the same area detector.
- the device has the very special advantage that image data from three sample layers 8, 9, 10 can be recorded simultaneously. However, there is no limitation to only three sample layers. Rather, in practice a significantly higher number of sample layers can be illuminated simultaneously and the detection light emanating from these sample layers can be detected, in particular simultaneously.
- FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention, which has a similar structure to the device illustrated in FIG.
- the first area detector element 18 and the second area detector element 19 and the third area detector element 21 are not components of one and the same area detector, but each designed as separate area detectors. This can be, for example, three CCD cameras.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a third exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention, in which the detection light 1 1 focused by the tube lens 12 is split by a first beam splitter 13, which transmits 1/3 of the detection light and reflects 2/3.
- the reflected part of the detection light 1 1 reaches a second beam splitter 15 which reflects and transmits in the ratio 50:50.
- the of the second beam splitter 15th ⁇ ransmi ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ e ⁇ ek ⁇ tionlich ⁇ it 1 1 passes after passing a first optical component 16 to adjust the optical path length to a first area detector 18.
- the transmitted from the first beam splitter 13 detection light 1 1 1 passes after passing of a second optical component 20 without further deflection directly to the second area detector element 19, while the reflected by the second beam splitter 15 detection light 1 1 passes after passing through a third optical component 22 to a third area detector element 21.
- the surface detector elements 18, 19, 21 are in planes that are optically corresponding planes to the planes in which the sample layers 8, 9, 10 are located.
- FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention, in which the detection light 1 1 focused by the tube lens 12 is split by a first beam splitter 13, which transmits 1/3 of the detection light and reflects 2/3.
- the reflected part of the detection light 1 1 reaches a second beam splitter 15 which reflects and transmits in the ratio 50:50.
- the part of the detection light 1 1 transmitted by the second beam splitter 15 is deflected by means of a deflecting mirror 23 before it reaches the first surface detector element 18 after passing through a first optical component 1 6, which serves to adjust the optical path length of the detection beam path branch.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a fifth embodiment of an inventive Device which essentially corresponds to the construction of the device shown in FIG.
- the adjusting device 17 includes five glass blocks 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 which can be guided by means of a displacement device, not shown, and moved together and of which - depending on the respective displacement position - each a glass block 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 is arranged in one of the detection beam path branches.
- a rotating device may be present as part of the adjusting device 17, the several different lengths of glass blocks 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 , 37, 38, such that by varying the rotational position, different glass blocks 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 can be positioned in the detection beam path branches to match the optical path lengths of the detection beam path branches realized in the embodiment shown in Figure 7.
- Figure 8 shows a particular embodiment, which largely corresponds in its basic structure of the embodiment of Figure 1.
- a continuously adjustable optical component 39 is arranged in each of the detection beam path branches.
- the infinitely adjustable optical components 39 can be adjusted independently of each other, so that the optical path lengths of the individual detection beam path branches can be adjusted independently of each other.
- FIGS. 9a and 9b The operation of the continuously variable optical components 39 is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 9a and 9b.
- Each of the continuously variable optical components 39 has two transparent limiting discs 40, which together with an annular, elastic foil 41 form a receiving space for a fluid 42.
- the distance between the transparent boundary plates 40 can, for example, by Changing the pressure on the fluid 42 are changed.
- FIG. 10 a shows an eighth exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with an unbranched detection beam path.
- the detection light 1 1 emanating from the different sample layers 8, 9, 10 is not focused simultaneously but sequentially onto an area detector element 43.
- the detection light 1 1 collimated by the detection objective 49 is collimated by a tube lens 12 and then deflected by a deflection mirror 14, so that after passing through an optical component, namely a glass block 44, an adjustment device 17 has a revolver 48 with several different lengths Glass blocks 44, 45, 46, 47 includes, comes to the surface detector element 43.
- the area detector element 43 is located in an optical plane corresponding to a first sample layer 8.
- the setting device 17 After reading the optical surface detector element 43, the setting device 17 is rotated, so that another of the glass blocks 44, 45, 46, 47 passes into the detection beam path, which is dimensioned so that now the surface detector element 43 in a second sample layer 9 optically corresponding plane is arranged.
- FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of a multi-dimensionally branched detection beam path, in which a plurality of surface detector elements 50, 51, 52, 53 of a surface detector 54 are each assigned to one of four sample layers.
- the multi-dimensional branching is achieved by first spatially splitting the detection light 1 1 in a first splitter stage 55 by a first beam splitter 57, the transmitted part of the detection light 11 being deflected by a first deflecting mirror 58.
- a further splitting of both the transmitted part of the detection light 1 1, and the reflected part wherein the second beam splitter 59, 60 and the second deflection mirror 61, 62 of the second divider stage 56 relative to the respective optical axis and relative to the first beam splitter 57 and the first deflection mirror 58 are rotated by 90 degrees.
- FIGS. 1 to 16b have boundary surfaces which are oriented perpendicular to the direction of incidence of the incident light and / or which are plane-parallel to one another. However, this does not necessarily have to be so realized.
- the interfaces under one of 90 Degree to the direction of incidence of the detection light is arranged at different angles and / or that at least one of the interfaces, in particular all interfaces located in the detection beam path, are arranged at an angle different from 90 degrees to the optical axis.
- the following boundary surfaces are not aligned parallel to one another along the detection beam path at least immediately one after the other.
- a filter in particular a bandpass filter
- FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary embodiment that substantially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, but with a bandpass filter 63 being applied in each case by way of example to the first optical component 16, the second optical component 20 and the third optical component 22.
- These bandpass filters 63 can be used, for example, for wavelength-specific detection and in particular for suppressing the light of an excitation wavelength of the light sheet 4.
- the bandpass filters 63 may be similar. However, it is also possible for the bandpass filters 63 to be designed differently with regard to the wavelength range of the transmitted light, for example in order to be able to detect light of different wavelength ranges with the area detector elements 18, 19, 21.
- the bandpass filters 63 could also be arranged elsewhere on one of the beam splitters 13, 15, 57, 59, 60 and / or one of the optical components 16, 20, 22, 24 to 38 in the non-overlapping parts of the detection beam path branches.
- the beam splitters 1 3, 1 5, 57, 59, 60 and / or the optical components 1 6, 20, 22, 24 to 38 need not be made of the same material, but can. In particular, different materials can advantageously also be used. Although contiguous elements are made of the same material, these elements need not necessarily be made in one piece with one another. However, this is quite possible and particularly advantageous in some applications.
- At least one of the beam splitters 13, 1 5, 57, 59, 60 and / or at least one of the optical components 1 6, 20, 22, 24 to 38 can be designed so that aberrations are avoided or at least reduced, and / or compensated.
- at least one of the beam splitters 1 3, 15, 57, 59, 60 and / or at least one of the optical components 1 6, 20, 22, 24 to 38 for example, at least one curved interface, in particular an aspherical curved interface have.
- At least one of the beam splitters 1 3, 1 5, 57, 59, 60 and / or at least one optical component 1 6, 20, 22, 24 to 38 has an inhomogeneous refractive index over its cross section ( and unfolds a lens effect (GRIN lens)) and / or is composed of several elements with different optical properties.
- GRIN lens lens effect
- At least one of the beam splitters 13, 1 5, 57, 59, 60 and / or at least one of the optical components 16, 20, 22, 24 to 38 has a diffractive structure.
- FIGS. 1 to 12 and 16a, 16b have beam splitters 13, 15, 57, 59, 60 and optical components 16, 20, 22, 24 to 38 whose effective power is zero; or in other words, the focal length of these elements is at infinity.
- an effective refractive power of zero means that the convergence angle ⁇ of the respective detection beam focused on an area detector element is not changed by the respective beam splitter 13, 15, 57, 59, 60 and the respective optical component 1 6, 20, 22, 24 to 38 becomes.
- an effective refractive power of the element of zero for elements consisting of a single material is achieved by the front and the rear interface being flat.
- a beam splitter 13, 15, 57, 59, 60 and / or an optical component 16, 20, 22, 24 to 38 symbolized in FIG. 13 generally by the optical system X
- its boundary surfaces are curved
- a zero refractive power can be achieved by making the curvature of the front interface 64 and the rear interface 65 equal, as illustrated by way of example and quite schematically in FIG.
- This, without - unlike a lens - the Konvergenzwinkel ß of the respective focused on a surface detector element detection light beam changes. It follows that: ß ß '.
- the boundary surfaces of the same curvature in order to achieve the described effect, it is not necessary to act around the boundary surfaces of the same beam splitter 13, 15, 57, 59, 60 and / or optical component 16, 20, 22, 24 to 38 , Rather, it can also advantageously be provided that, for example, the first boundary surface 66 of the first beam splitter 13, which is hit by the detection light 1 1, and the last interface 67, 68, 69 respectively for the individual detection beam paths branches (provided they have the same refractive index) are curved.
- Fig. 14 shows a detail view of a tenth embodiment, wherein the first Boundary surface 66 of the first beam splitter 13, which is hit by the detection light 1 1, is convexly curved, while each of the individual detection beam path branches last interface 67, 68, 69 is concavely curved. Otherwise, the embodiment substantially corresponds to the embodiment shown in Figure 1.
- FIG. 16a shows an eleventh exemplary embodiment in which the three area detector elements 18, 19, 21 can be displaced along their optical axis perpendicular to them, such that the three area detector elements lie in the respectively optimum focus position.
- the three area detector elements could either be firmly anchored in their respective focus position or be kept movable in the sense that their position along the optical axis, for example by means of a mechanical, pneumatic, electrical or based on the piezoelectric effect drive, can be adjusted to reach a certain position on the optical axis.
- FIG. 16b the arrangement of FIG.
- 16a equivalent to the previous embodiments, has been extended by three optical components 16, 20, 22 forming part of a setting device 17 for adjusting the optical path lengths of the detection beam path branches in that an optical component is arranged in front of each surface detector element for the purpose of fine adjustment of the focal position on the respectively associated surface detector element.
- This can be achieved according to the invention in any of the previously described ways, for example by the use of suitable glass blocks and / or by using a variable in its thickness optical component 16, 20, 22nd
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PCT/EP2016/058564 WO2016166374A1 (de) | 2015-04-17 | 2016-04-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur spim-untersuchung einer probe |
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DE102018124129A1 (de) | 2017-12-04 | 2019-06-06 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Mikroskopsystem und Verfahren zur mikroskopischen Abbildung mit einem solchen Mikroskopsystem |
DE102018129833B4 (de) | 2017-12-04 | 2020-01-02 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Mikroskopsystem, Detektionseinheit für Mikroskopsystem und Verfahren zur mikroskopischen Abbildung einer Probe |
DE102020120198B4 (de) | 2020-07-30 | 2022-07-14 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Verfahren zur Montage einer Detektionsanordnung für ein Mikroskopsystem |
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US3877788A (en) * | 1973-03-30 | 1975-04-15 | Itek Corp | Method and apparatus for testing lenses |
DE10257423A1 (de) | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-24 | Europäisches Laboratorium für Molekularbiologie (EMBL) | Mikroskop |
DE102004034957A1 (de) | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-02 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Anordnung zur mikroskopischen Beobachtung und/oder Detektion und Verwendung |
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DE102010049751B4 (de) * | 2010-10-29 | 2020-11-05 | "Stiftung Caesar" (Center Of Advanced European Studies And Research) | Optischer Strahlteiler zur simultanen Aufnahme eines Z-Stapels auf einem Halbleiterchip, Bausatz zum Aufbau eines optischen Strahlteilers und Lichtmikroskop |
GB201113071D0 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2011-09-14 | Ffei Ltd | Method and apparatus for image scanning |
DE202011110077U1 (de) | 2011-10-28 | 2012-11-29 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Anordnung zur Beleuchtung einer Probe |
DE102013205115A1 (de) | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | SPIM-Anordnung |
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