EP3277486A1 - Fiber application head comprising a special application roller - Google Patents

Fiber application head comprising a special application roller

Info

Publication number
EP3277486A1
EP3277486A1 EP16714464.1A EP16714464A EP3277486A1 EP 3277486 A1 EP3277486 A1 EP 3277486A1 EP 16714464 A EP16714464 A EP 16714464A EP 3277486 A1 EP3277486 A1 EP 3277486A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
application
roller
head
fibers
roll
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16714464.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Olivier Leborgne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Coriolis Group
Original Assignee
Coriolis Composites SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Coriolis Composites SAS filed Critical Coriolis Composites SAS
Publication of EP3277486A1 publication Critical patent/EP3277486A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/382—Automated fiber placement [AFP]
    • B29C70/384—Fiber placement heads, e.g. component parts, details or accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/386—Automated tape laying [ATL]
    • B29C70/388—Tape placement heads, e.g. component parts, details or accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0838—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16—Cooling
    • B29C2035/1658—Cooling using gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fiber application head for a fiber application machine for producing parts made of composite material, and more particularly to a so-called fiber placement head equipped with a particular application roller.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing parts made of composite material by means of a corresponding application head.
  • Fiber application machines commonly known as fiber placement machines, are known for contacting drape tools, such as a male or female mold, with a wide web of multiple flat fibers.
  • continuous, ribbon type dry or impregnated with thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, especially carbon fibers consisting of a multitude of carbon threads or filaments.
  • thermoplastic or thermosetting resin conventionally in an amount of at least 40% by weight
  • the prepreg preform obtained after draping is cured or polymerized by passing through an oven to obtain a piece of composite material.
  • the fibers comprise a reduced quantity of so-called binding resin, also called a binder, generally a thermoplastic resin, in an amount of less than or equal to 5% by weight, to give a character sticky to the fibers during draping.
  • binding resin also called a binder
  • thermoplastic resin in an amount of less than or equal to 5% by weight
  • These machines conventionally comprise a fiber application head, a displacement system of said head, fiber storage means, and fiber routing means for conveying the fibers. fibers of said storage means to the head.
  • the head conventionally comprises an application roller, also called compaction roller, intended to come into contact against the mold for applying the strip, and fiber guiding means on said application roller.
  • the head further generally comprises a heating system for heating the fibers.
  • the compaction roller presses the fiber web against the application surface of the mold, or against the previously deposited fiber web or strips, in order to facilitate the adhesion of the strips deposited between them, as well as to progressively evacuate trapped air between the deposited tapes.
  • the heating system provides a heating of the fiber web to be applied, and / or the mold or strips already applied upstream of the compaction roller, just before the compaction of the web, in order to at least soften the resin of pre impregnation or binding resin, and thus promote the adhesion of the strips together.
  • the prepreg fibers are simply heated to soften them, typically at temperatures of the order of 40 ° C.
  • the heating system conventionally comprises an infrared heating system comprising one or more infrared lamps.
  • the preimpregnated or bindered fibers must be heated to higher temperatures, at least up to the melting temperature of the resin, of the order of 200 ° C for resins nylon type, and up to about 400 ° C for PEEK type resins.
  • the fiber placement heads are conventionally equipped with heat-resistant metal compacting rollers, which can further be cooled from the inside via a water circuit.
  • segmented metal compacting rollers comprising several independent roller segments mounted side by side on the same axis, each segment being movable radially and independently, and being resiliently biased against the application surface.
  • Flexible rolls formed from a so-called high temperature elastomer, including a thermal stabilizer, are also used. To cool them, it has been proposed to equip the placement heads with a cooling system capable of delivering a flow of air to cool the roll from the outside or from the inside, as described in the patent document FR 2948058. Despite these cooling systems, the flexible rolls may tend to deteriorate rapidly in the case of the implementation of thermoplastic resins.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solution to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, which allows in particular the implementation of a wide variety of resins, both thermosetting and thermoplastic, with a substantially uniform compacting of the applied band, and which be simple of design and realization.
  • the present invention proposes a fiber application head for producing parts made of composite material, comprising
  • an application roll for applying a strip formed of one or more fibers to an application surface
  • a main guiding system for guiding at least one fiber towards said application roller
  • a heating system able to emit thermal radiation in the direction of the strip, just before application by the application roller,
  • a cooling system capable of cooling the application roll from the outside, such as a gas flow
  • the head comprises a drive system, preferably motorized, adapted to drive in rotation the application roller, when the roller is not in contact with the application surface, outside the trajectories of removal .
  • the head is equipped with a system for driving the roller to rotate the roller when the latter is no longer in contact with the application surface, so that the entire surface outer roll is brought to the level of cooling system, for example vis-à-vis a gaseous flow from said cooling system, and thus optimize the cooling of the roll when the head does not apply fibers between two trajectories.
  • a system for driving the roller to rotate the roller when the latter is no longer in contact with the application surface so that the entire surface outer roll is brought to the level of cooling system, for example vis-à-vis a gaseous flow from said cooling system, and thus optimize the cooling of the roll when the head does not apply fibers between two trajectories.
  • This drive rotation of the roller provides a more efficient and homogeneous cooling of the roller between two removal paths, and thus allows to limit or even eliminate overheating of the application roller, particularly in the case of a flexible roller.
  • the drive system comprises at least one motorized drive means, driven in rotation by a motor, operable between an inactive position in which said drive means is spaced from the application roller, and a active position in which said drive means is in contact with the application roller for positively driving the latter in rotation.
  • the application roller being rotatably mounted about its axis of rotation
  • the drive system comprises at least one motorized drive roller, driven in rotation by a motor, of axis of rotation. parallel to the axis of rotation of the application roller, said roller being operable between an inactive position in which the roller is spaced from the cylindrical outer surface of the application roller, and an active position in which the roller is in contact with the cylindrical outer surface of the application roller for positively driving the latter in rotation.
  • the drive roller cooperates with one of the ends of the axis of the roller, with which said roller is integral in rotation, the drive roller coming into active position in contact with said roller axis.
  • the drive system comprises actuating means for example of the jack type, for automatically operating the roller between its two positions, for example by a pivoting movement.
  • the roller is for example rotated by an electric motor, the latter being preferably controlled to drive the roller only when the latter is in the active position.
  • the cooling system is able to emit a gaseous flow towards the application roll to externally cool the application roll, the gas flow being directed on a portion of the cylindrical outer surface of the roller. In the absence of rotation of the roll, the gaseous flow can not be directed towards the entirety of the outer surface of the roll, and can not in particular be oriented towards the portion of the outer surface through which the roll is intended to come into contact.
  • the cooling system is capable of emitting a gaseous flow at ambient temperature, preferably between 15 ° C. and 30 ° C., or a gaseous flow cooled to a temperature below 15 ° C., preferably air flow.
  • the cooling system comprises a deflector or nozzle fed with a gaseous flow, the nozzle partially covering the cylindrical outer surface of the roll on a surface portion opposite to the heating system.
  • the aforementioned drive roller is positioned in the nozzle.
  • the cooling system comprises any suitable means for externally cooling the roll, such as, for example, a cooled roll brought into contact with the compacting roll, said cooled roll also being able to be used to drive in rotation the compacting roller.
  • the heating system is of the laser type.
  • the heating system is of the infrared type and comprises at least a first infrared lamp capable of heating the strip between its exit from the main guidance system and the contact zone between the application roller and the surface application, and preferably at least a second infrared lamp capable of heating, upstream of the roll, the application surface and / or one or more strips previously applied.
  • said application roll comprises a rigid central tube through which said roll is rotatably mounted on a support structure of the machine, for example removable via assembly parts, and a cylinder made of a flexible or flexible material, elastically deformable, assembled coaxially on said central tube, optionally provided with a release layer.
  • the cylinder of flexible material allows the compacting roller to adapt to variations in curvature of the application surface and thus to apply a substantially uniform pressure on the entire deposited strip.
  • the cylinder is for example an elastomer, in particular a silicone.
  • the drive system according to the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of a flexible roller.
  • the head constitutes a fiber placement head comprising cutting means and means of rerouting, and possibly fiber blocking means.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a composite material part comprising the application of continuous fibers on an application surface for example to form a preform comprising several folds of fibers superimposed in different orientations, each fold being produced by applying one or more strips in an orientation, each strip being formed of one or more fibers, characterized in that the application of fibers is carried out by means of a fiber application head as described above by relative movement of the applicator head with respect to the drape surface along depositing paths, said application roller being rotated by the drive system between two depositing paths, when the roll is more in contact with the application surface, in particular during the connection paths between two removal paths, to cool the roll.
  • the fibers conventionally used are continuous flat fibers, also called wicks, generally unidirectional, and comprising a multitude of filaments.
  • the deposited fibers may be dry fibers or fibers pre-impregnated with thermosetting or thermoplastic resin.
  • the fibers typically have widths of 1/8, 1/4 or 1/2 inches.
  • the term "fibers" also means fibers of greater width, greater than 1/2 inch, conventionally called band in placement technology.
  • said roll is externally cooled by a gaseous flow directed towards its cylindrical outer surface during the application operations, during the laying paths and the connecting paths, and as well as preferably when the head is in the waiting position.
  • the process according to the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of dry preforms made from dry fibers provided with a binder and / or thermoplastic preforms made from fibers pre-impregnated with thermoplastic resin.
  • the method further comprises a resin impregnation step in the dry preform, by adding one or more impregnation resins by infusion or injection to the dry preform, and a step of hardening to obtain a composite material part.
  • the preform may optionally be subjected to an additional consolidation step to obtain a final piece of composite material. In situ consolidation can also be achieved when fiber is applied.
  • the application of fibers may be performed on the application surface of a tool to form a preform, as described above.
  • the application of fibers is carried out directly on the application surface of a prefabricated part, to reinforce this part with unidirectional fiber reinforcements, the prefabricated part being for example a part obtained by injection, molding or additive manufacturing, from one or more thermoplastic and / or thermosetting resins.
  • the heating system is activated before each removal path, when the roller is not in contact with the application surface, in particular during connection path between two removal paths, in order to guarantee a sufficient heating from the start of the removal path.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable in the case of an infrared heating system, in particular for heating dry fibers or fibers pre-impregnated with thermoplastic resin, the drive means to prevent overheating of the roll by the heating system.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial schematic side view of a fiber placement head according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial schematic sectional view of the head of Figure 1 illustrating the cooling system and the heating system;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively a front view and a side view of the roll of FIG. 1 equipped with the cooling system and a roller drive system according to the invention, with the drive roller in an inactive position discarded;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the V-V sectional plane of Figure 4, illustrating the inactive position of the drive roller;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are views similar to those of FIGS. 4 and 5, illustrating the driving roller in the driving active position
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the drape surface of a tool illustrating the removal paths and the connecting paths of a head according to the invention for draping a fold.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 illustrate a fiber placement head 1 equipped with a drive system 5 according to the invention, allowing automatic draping in contact on the application surface 91 of a mold 9 of strips formed of several fibers, by relative movement of the head relative to the mold via a displacement system.
  • the head 1 comprises a compacting roll 3, a main guide system 12 for guiding the fibers towards the roll in the form of two plies of fibers, to form a fiber web in which the fibers are disposed substantially edge-to-edge .
  • the head comprises for example a system of main guide as described in the aforementioned patent document, comprising first guide channels and second guide channels in which pass respectively first fibers 81 of the first web and the second fibers 82 of the second web.
  • the first channels and the second channels are staggered in two guide planes, shown diagrammatically under the references PI and P2, approaching each other from upstream to downstream, so that the fibers 81, 82 two plies are substantially disposed edge to edge at the compacting roller.
  • These guide channels are for example formed at the assembly interface of a central piece 121, wedge-shaped, and two side plates 122, 123.
  • the head comprises a support structure 13 on which is mounted the main guide system 12 and by which the head can be assembled to a displacement system (not shown) which is able to move the head in at least three directions perpendicular to each other. other.
  • the displacement system comprises for example a robot comprising a wrist or poly-articulated arm at the end of which is mounted said head.
  • the head is fixed and the mold is adapted to be moved relative to the head to perform the draping operations.
  • the fibers are conveyed from storage means (not shown) to the head via conveying means (not shown).
  • the fiber storage means may comprise a creel in the case of fibers packaged in the form of coils.
  • the conveying means may be formed of flexible tubes, each tube receiving a fiber in its internal passage.
  • the head comprises cutting means for individually cutting each fiber passing in the main guide system, locking means for individually blocking each fiber that has just been cut, and re-routing means for individually redirecting up to to roll each fiber just cut, this in order to be able to stop at any time and resume the application of a fiber, and choose the width of the band.
  • cutting means for individually cutting each fiber passing in the main guide system
  • locking means for individually blocking each fiber that has just been cut
  • re-routing means for individually redirecting up to to roll each fiber just cut, this in order to be able to stop at any time and resume the application of a fiber, and choose the width of the band.
  • the roller 3 is rotatably mounted about an axis Al of rotation on two assembly parts 14, by which the roller is removably mounted on the support structure 13.
  • the fiber placement head advantageously comprises a roll of compaction adapted to adapt to the application surface, in particular to convex and / or concave application surfaces to ensure substantially uniform compaction over the entire width of the strip.
  • the roller is for example a compacting roller made of a so-called flexible material, which is elastically deformable by compression.
  • the compacting roll comprises a cylindrical body or cylinder 31 made of a flexible material, such as an elastomer.
  • the cylinder has a cylindrical central passage for its assembly on a support core formed of a cylindrical rigid central tube 32, for example metallic.
  • the cylinder 31 and the central tube 32 are coaxial and are integral in rotation with one another.
  • the cylinder is advantageously coated externally with an anti-adherent outer layer 33, formed for example by a Teflon film heat-shrunk on the outer surface of the cylinder. Teflon film, by which the roll is in contact with the web, limits the adhesion of the roll to the fibers as well as the clogging of the roll.
  • the roller is rotatably mounted by its rigid tube to the two assembly parts via bearings.
  • the heating system 2 is disposed upstream of the roll with respect to the direction of advance of the head during draping, illustrated by the arrow referenced SI.
  • the heating system is for example of the infrared type, as described in the patent application filed by the applicant, entitled “Fiber application head with special application roller". It comprises a first lamp 21 with infrared radiation, called infrared lamp, for heating the fibers coming out of the main guide system 12, and two second infrared lamps 22, arranged upstream of the first infrared lamp, for heating, upstream of the roll of compaction with respect to the direction of advancement of the head, the draping surface and / or the previously draped fibers.
  • the lamps 21, 22 are mounted on a support system 23 which is assembled at the head, and are arranged parallel to the axis A1 of the compacting roller, so that the radiation of the first lamp 21 is oriented towards the roller, while the radiation of the second lamps 22 are oriented towards the application surface.
  • the support system 23 comprises two arms 231 between which the lamps 21, 22 are mounted, the arms being assembled at their first end to the assembly pieces 14.
  • the first lamp can also make it possible to heat the nip between the roll and the application surface, as well as possibly the part of the application surface or previously draped fibers which is just upstream of the roller.
  • the roll is cooled by a cooling system 4 comprising a deflector or nozzle 40 supplied with air.
  • the nozzle is disposed on the side of the roll which is opposed to the heating system and extends around the roll to utilize the cylindrical outer surface 34 of the roll over a large area of more than 180 ° which is opposite the surface of the roll. application.
  • the nozzle also has lateral returns which partially cover the outer lateral surfaces 35 of the roll.
  • the nozzle is supplied with an air flow by pipes (not shown) connected to the nozzle via connectors mounted at the passages 41 ( Figure 3) of the nozzle.
  • the arrows Fl in FIG. 2 schematically represent the air flow in the nozzle for cooling the roll.
  • the air flow is for example a flow of air pulsed at room temperature of the order of 20 ° C.
  • the head is further equipped with a drive system 5 adapted to rotate the roller when the roller is not in contact with the application surface.
  • the drive system 5 comprises a drive roller 51 connected to the drive shaft of a motor 52 to be rotated about an axis A2, parallel to the axis A of rotation of the roller.
  • the roller is for example mounted to rotate directly on the drive shaft.
  • the motor is mounted on a first plate 53 pivotally mounted about an axis A3 on a support 54.
  • the drive system is mounted on one side of the roller by its support 54 on one of the two assembly parts 14.
  • the roller is positioned in the nozzle, the drive shaft passing through a lateral opening 55 ( Figure 7) of the nozzle 4.
  • the opening 55 advantageously allows the passage of the roller in the nozzle during assembly of the drive system on the assembly part.
  • the roller By pivoting the plate about the axis A3, the roller can be operated from an inactive position illustrated in Figure 5, wherein the roller 51 is spaced from the roller 3, and an active position shown in Figure 7 in which the roller is in contact with the roller and rotates the latter.
  • the roller is biased elastically towards its spaced position via a tension spring, shown schematically under the reference 56 in FIG. 3, connected at its ends to the first plate 53 and to a second plate 57 fixedly mounted on the support 54. position not active, the first plate 53 is in abutment against the second plate 57.
  • the operation of the roller to its active position is performed by means of a jack 58, fixedly mounted by its cylinder or cylinder body on the second plate, and whose rod 58a is in contact at its end with the first plate.
  • the displacement of the cylinder rod from a rest position illustrated in FIG. 4 to an extended position illustrated in FIG. 6 makes it possible to pivot the first plate 53 against the restoring force of the spring 56 in order to bring the roller into position. its active position illustrated in Figure 4.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of use of the drive system for draping a fold on the application surface 91 of the mold 9, the fold 6 being formed here of six parallel strips of eight fibers.
  • the infrared lamps 21, 22 of the heating system are activated before the draping of a strip, during the so-called connection paths, in particular between two removal paths, when the roller is not in contact with the surface. of draping, so that the heating system is at its maximum heating capacity when the fiber descends from the main guidance system, and thus obtain sufficient heating at the beginning of trajectory, and uniform over the entire trajectory of removal.
  • the rotational drive of the roller prevents the same portion of the roller from being irradiated by the first lamp and allows cooling of the entire roller by the cooling system.
  • the head For draping the fold, the head performs a first connecting path L j from an original position or waiting position P 0 to a position P t in which the head is in contact with the surface of the mold.
  • this link path L 1 the heating system is activated to preheat the lamps, and the drive roller is maneuvered to active position by controlling the cylinder to rotate the roller.
  • the heating system is activated over the entire connecting path, or only on a part of the path of removal for a sufficient time to reach the desired heating capacity.
  • the roller At point P15 or slightly before reaching point P 1? the roller is returned to the inactive position, and the head is moved along the path of removal D t to the point P 2 to drape the first band 61 of fibers.
  • the head is then moved, without contact with the application surface, along a second connecting path L 2 , to the point P 3 .
  • the heating system is deactivated at the point P 2 and is activated again before reaching the point P 3 , and the driving roller is operated in the active position by controlling the cylinder to make turn the roller.
  • the roller is returned to the inactive position, and the head is moved along the path of removal D 2 to the point P 4 to drape the second band 62 of fibers .
  • the other bands of the fold are made in the same way by moving the head according to removal paths and connecting paths. After the path of removal for the last D 6 band, the head performs a link path, to return to the point of origin or to drape the band of the next fold. During this connecting path, the roller is rotated by the drive roller.
  • the rotation drive of the roll can be maintained when the head is left in the original position between two draping operations to cool the roll well before draping a fold.
  • the heating system is a laser-type heating system, the radiation of which is directed towards the strip, just prior to its compacting, as well as towards the strip or strips already deposited.
  • the radiation is thus directed obliquely towards the roll to heat a section of tape disposed on the roll, before its compacting by the latter.
  • the roller used is then advantageously substantially transparent to the radiation emitted by the laser.
  • the heating can be switched off during the link paths.

Abstract

The invention relates to a fiber application head for manufacturing composite material parts and to a corresponding manufacturing method. Said head includes: - an application roller (3) for applying a strip formed of one or more fibers (81, 82) onto an application surface (91); - a main guide system (12) for guiding at least one fiber towards said application roller; - a heating system (2) capable of emitting heat radiation towards the strip just before application by the application roller; - a cooling system (4) capable of cooling the application roller from the outside, such as a gas flow; and - a drive system (5) capable of rotating the application roller when the roller is not in contact with the application surface.

Description

TÊTE D'APPLICATION DE FIBRES AVEC ROULEAU D'APPLICATION PARTICULIER  FIBER APPLICATION HEAD WITH PARTICULAR APPLICATION ROLL
La présente invention concerne une tête d'application de fibres pour une machine d'application de fibres pour la réalisation de pièces en matériau composite, et plus particulièrement une tête dite de placement de fibres équipée d'un rouleau d'application particulier. La présente invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication de pièces en matériau composite au moyen d'une tête d'application correspondante. The present invention relates to a fiber application head for a fiber application machine for producing parts made of composite material, and more particularly to a so-called fiber placement head equipped with a particular application roller. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing parts made of composite material by means of a corresponding application head.
Il est connu des machines d'application de fibres, appelées couramment machines de placement de fibres, pour l'application au contact sur un outillage de drapage, tel qu'un moule mâle ou femelle, d'une bande large formée de plusieurs fibres plates continues, de type rubans, sèches ou imprégnées de résine thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, notamment des fibres de carbone constituées d'une multitude de fils ou filaments de carbone.  Fiber application machines, commonly known as fiber placement machines, are known for contacting drape tools, such as a male or female mold, with a wide web of multiple flat fibers. continuous, ribbon type, dry or impregnated with thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, especially carbon fibers consisting of a multitude of carbon threads or filaments.
Ces machines sont utilisées pour réaliser des préformes formées de plusieurs plis superposés, chaque pli étant formé par drapage sur le moule d'une ou plusieurs bandes côte à côte. Dans le cas d'un drapage de fibres pré-imprégnées de résine thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable, classiquement en une quantité d'au moins 40% en poids, la préforme pré-imprégnée obtenue après drapage est durcie ou polymérisée par passage dans un four pour obtenir une pièce en matériau composite. Dans le cas de fibres dites sèches, non préimprégnées de résines, les fibres comprennent une quantité réduite de résine dite de liaison, appelée également liant, généralement une résine thermoplastique, en une quantité inférieure ou égale à 5 % en poids, pour conférer un caractère collant aux fibres lors du drapage. Après drapage, la préforme dite sèche est soumise à une opération d'injection ou d'infusion de résine avant l'étape de durcissement.  These machines are used to produce preforms formed of several superimposed folds, each fold being formed by draping on the mold of one or more strips side by side. In the case of a lay-up of fibers pre-impregnated with thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, conventionally in an amount of at least 40% by weight, the prepreg preform obtained after draping is cured or polymerized by passing through an oven to obtain a piece of composite material. In the case of so-called dry fibers, which are not pre-impregnated with resins, the fibers comprise a reduced quantity of so-called binding resin, also called a binder, generally a thermoplastic resin, in an amount of less than or equal to 5% by weight, to give a character sticky to the fibers during draping. After draping, the so-called dry preform is subjected to an injection or resin infusion operation before the hardening step.
Ces machines, telles que décrites dans le document brevet WO2006/092514, comprennent classiquement une tête d'application de fibres, un système de déplacement de ladite tête, des moyens de stockage de fibres, et des moyens d'acheminement des fibres pour acheminer les fibres desdits moyens de stockage vers la tête. La tête comprend classiquement un rouleau d'application, également appelé rouleau de compactage, destiné à venir en contact contre le moule pour appliquer la bande, et des moyens de guidage des fibres sur ledit rouleau d'application. These machines, as described in the patent document WO2006 / 092514, conventionally comprise a fiber application head, a displacement system of said head, fiber storage means, and fiber routing means for conveying the fibers. fibers of said storage means to the head. The head conventionally comprises an application roller, also called compaction roller, intended to come into contact against the mold for applying the strip, and fiber guiding means on said application roller.
La tête comprend en outre généralement un système de chauffage pour chauffer les fibres. Le rouleau de compactage presse la bande de fibres contre la surface d'application du moule, ou contre la ou les bandes de fibres précédemment déposées, afin de faciliter l'adhésion des bandes déposées entre elles, ainsi que pour évacuer progressivement l'air emprisonné entre les bandes déposées. Le système de chauffage assure un chauffage de la bande de fibres à appliquer, et/ou du moule ou des bandes déjà appliquées en amont du rouleau de compactage, juste avant le compactage de la bande, afin d'au moins ramollir la résine de pré-imprégnation ou la résine de liaison, et ainsi favoriser l'adhésion des bandes entre elles.  The head further generally comprises a heating system for heating the fibers. The compaction roller presses the fiber web against the application surface of the mold, or against the previously deposited fiber web or strips, in order to facilitate the adhesion of the strips deposited between them, as well as to progressively evacuate trapped air between the deposited tapes. The heating system provides a heating of the fiber web to be applied, and / or the mold or strips already applied upstream of the compaction roller, just before the compaction of the web, in order to at least soften the resin of pre impregnation or binding resin, and thus promote the adhesion of the strips together.
Dans le cas de résines thermodurcissables, les fibres préimprégnées sont simplement chauffées pour les ramollir, classiquement à des températures de l'ordre de 40°C. Le système de chauffage comprend classiquement un système de chauffage infrarouge comprenant une ou plusieurs lampes infrarouge.  In the case of thermosetting resins, the prepreg fibers are simply heated to soften them, typically at temperatures of the order of 40 ° C. The heating system conventionally comprises an infrared heating system comprising one or more infrared lamps.
Dans le cas de résines thermoplastiques, les fibres préimprégnées ou munies d'un liant doivent être chauffées à des températures plus élevées, au moins jusqu'à la température de fusion de la résine, soit de l'ordre de 200 °C pour des résines de type nylon, et jusqu'à environ 400 °C pour des résines de type PEEK.  In the case of thermoplastic resins, the preimpregnated or bindered fibers must be heated to higher temperatures, at least up to the melting temperature of the resin, of the order of 200 ° C for resins nylon type, and up to about 400 ° C for PEEK type resins.
Pour atteindre ces températures plus élevées, il a été proposé des systèmes de torche à air chaud, et plus récemment des systèmes de chauffage de type laser pour obtenir un chauffage précis et concentré. En raison des températures de chauffage élevées, les têtes de placement de fibres sont classiquement équipées de rouleaux de compactage métalliques, résistants à la chaleur, qui peuvent en outre être refroidis par l'intérieur via un circuit d'eau. Pour pouvoir s'adapter au profil de la surface d'application, il a été proposé des rouleaux de compactage métalliques segmentés, comprenant plusieurs segments de rouleaux indépendants montés côte à côte sur un même axe, chaque segment étant déplaçable radialement et de manière indépendante, et étant sollicité élastiquement contre la surface d'application. Ces rouleaux métalliques segmentés s'avèrent toutefois de structure et de mise en œuvre complexes. To achieve these higher temperatures, it has been proposed hot air torch systems, and more recently laser type heating systems to achieve precise and concentrated heating. Due to the high heating temperatures, the fiber placement heads are conventionally equipped with heat-resistant metal compacting rollers, which can further be cooled from the inside via a water circuit. To be able to adapt to the profile of the application surface, it has been proposed segmented metal compacting rollers, comprising several independent roller segments mounted side by side on the same axis, each segment being movable radially and independently, and being resiliently biased against the application surface. These segmented metal rollers, however, are complex in structure and implementation.
Des rouleaux souples formés à partir d'un élastomère dit haute température, incluant un stabilisant thermique, sont également utilisés. Pour les refroidir, il a été proposé d'équiper les têtes de placement d'un système de refroidissement apte à délivrer un flux d'air pour refroidir le rouleau par l'extérieur ou par l'intérieur, comme décrit dans le document brevet FR 2948058. Malgré ces systèmes de refroidissement, les rouleaux souples peuvent avoir tendance à se détériorer rapidement dans le cas de la mise en œuvre de résines thermoplastiques.  Flexible rolls formed from a so-called high temperature elastomer, including a thermal stabilizer, are also used. To cool them, it has been proposed to equip the placement heads with a cooling system capable of delivering a flow of air to cool the roll from the outside or from the inside, as described in the patent document FR 2948058. Despite these cooling systems, the flexible rolls may tend to deteriorate rapidly in the case of the implementation of thermoplastic resins.
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer une solution visant à pallier les inconvénients précités, qui permet notamment la mise en œuvre d'une grande variété de résines, tant thermodurcissables que thermoplastiques, avec un compactage sensiblement uniforme de la bande appliquée, et qui soit simple de conception et de réalisation.  The object of the present invention is to provide a solution to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, which allows in particular the implementation of a wide variety of resins, both thermosetting and thermoplastic, with a substantially uniform compacting of the applied band, and which be simple of design and realization.
A cet effet, la présente invention propose une tête d'application de fibres pour la réalisation de pièces en matériau composite, comprenant  For this purpose, the present invention proposes a fiber application head for producing parts made of composite material, comprising
- un rouleau d'application pour l'application d'une bande formée d'une ou plusieurs fibres sur une surface d'application,  - an application roll for applying a strip formed of one or more fibers to an application surface,
- un système de guidage principal pour guider au moins une fibre vers ledit rouleau d'application, et  a main guiding system for guiding at least one fiber towards said application roller, and
- un système de chauffage apte à émettre un rayonnement thermique en direction de la bande, juste avant application par le rouleau d'application,  a heating system able to emit thermal radiation in the direction of the strip, just before application by the application roller,
- un système de refroidissement apte à refroidir le rouleau d'application par l'extérieur, tel qu'un flux gazeux,  a cooling system capable of cooling the application roll from the outside, such as a gas flow,
caractérisée en ce que la tête comprend un système d'entraînement, de préférence motorisé, apte à entraîner en rotation le rouleau d'application, lorsque le rouleau n'est pas en contact avec la surface d'application, en dehors des trajectoires de dépose.  characterized in that the head comprises a drive system, preferably motorized, adapted to drive in rotation the application roller, when the roller is not in contact with the application surface, outside the trajectories of removal .
Selon l'invention, la tête est équipée d'un système d'entraînement en rotation du rouleau pour faire tourner le rouleau lorsque ce dernier n'est plus en contact avec la surface d'application, de sorte que l'ensemble de la surface extérieure du rouleau soit amenée au niveau du système de refroidissement, par exemple en vis-à-vis d'un flux gazeux émis par ledit système de refroidissement, et ainsi optimiser le refroidissement du rouleau lorsque la tête n'applique pas de fibres, entre deux trajectoires de dépose. According to the invention, the head is equipped with a system for driving the roller to rotate the roller when the latter is no longer in contact with the application surface, so that the entire surface outer roll is brought to the level of cooling system, for example vis-à-vis a gaseous flow from said cooling system, and thus optimize the cooling of the roll when the head does not apply fibers between two trajectories.
Cet entraînement en rotation du rouleau assure un refroidissement plus efficace et homogène du rouleau entre deux trajectoires de dépose, et permet ainsi de limiter, voire supprimer, une surchauffe du rouleau d'application, en particulier dans le cas d'un rouleau souple.  This drive rotation of the roller provides a more efficient and homogeneous cooling of the roller between two removal paths, and thus allows to limit or even eliminate overheating of the application roller, particularly in the case of a flexible roller.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le système d'entraînement comprend au moins un moyen d'entraînement motorisé, entraîné en rotation par un moteur, manœuvrable entre une position inactive dans laquelle ledit moyen d'entraînement est écarté du rouleau d'application, et une position active dans laquelle ledit moyen d'entraînement est en contact avec le rouleau d'application pour entraîner positivement ce dernier en rotation. Selon un mode de réalisation, le rouleau d'application étant monté libre en rotation autour de son axe de rotation, le système d'entraînement comprend au moins un galet d'entraînement motorisé, entraîné en rotation par un moteur, d'axe de rotation parallèle à l'axe de rotation du rouleau d'application, ledit galet étant manœuvrable entre une position inactive dans laquelle le galet est écarté de la surface extérieure cylindrique du rouleau d'application, et une position active dans laquelle le galet est en contact avec la surface extérieure cylindrique du rouleau d'application pour entraîner positivement ce dernier en rotation. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le galet d'entraînement coopère avec une des extrémités de l'axe du rouleau, avec lequel ledit rouleau est solidaire en rotation, le galet d'entraînement venant en position active en contact avec ledit axe de rouleau.  According to one embodiment, the drive system comprises at least one motorized drive means, driven in rotation by a motor, operable between an inactive position in which said drive means is spaced from the application roller, and a active position in which said drive means is in contact with the application roller for positively driving the latter in rotation. According to one embodiment, the application roller being rotatably mounted about its axis of rotation, the drive system comprises at least one motorized drive roller, driven in rotation by a motor, of axis of rotation. parallel to the axis of rotation of the application roller, said roller being operable between an inactive position in which the roller is spaced from the cylindrical outer surface of the application roller, and an active position in which the roller is in contact with the cylindrical outer surface of the application roller for positively driving the latter in rotation. According to another embodiment, the drive roller cooperates with one of the ends of the axis of the roller, with which said roller is integral in rotation, the drive roller coming into active position in contact with said roller axis.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le système d'entraînement comprend des moyens d'actionnement par exemple de type vérin, pour manœuvrer automatiquement le galet entre ses deux positions, par exemple par un mouvement de pivotement. Le galet est par exemple entraîné en rotation par un moteur électrique, ce dernier étant de préférence piloté pour entraîner le galet uniquement lorsque ce dernier est en position active. Selon un mode de réalisation, le système de refroidissement est apte à émettre un flux gazeux en direction du rouleau d'application pour refroidir par l'extérieur le rouleau d'application, le flux gazeux étant dirigé sur une portion de la surface extérieure cylindrique du rouleau. En l'absence de rotation du rouleau, le flux gazeux ne peut être orienté vers l'intégralité de la surface extérieure du rouleau, et ne peut notamment être orienté vers la portion de la surface extérieure par laquelle le rouleau est destiné à venir en contact avec la surface d'application, ou vers la portion de la surface extérieure en vis-à-vis du système de chauffage. Selon un mode de réalisation, le système de refroidissement est apte à émettre un flux gazeux à température ambiante, de préférence comprise entre 15 °C et 30 °C, ou un flux gazeux refroidi à une température inférieure à 15 °C, de préférence un flux d'air. Selon un mode de réalisation, le système de refroidissement comprend un déflecteur ou tuyère alimentée en un flux gazeux, la tuyère recouvrant partiellement la surface extérieure cylindrique du rouleau sur une portion de surface opposée au système de chauffage. Selon un mode de réalisation, le galet d'entraînement précité est positionné dans la tuyère. According to one embodiment, the drive system comprises actuating means for example of the jack type, for automatically operating the roller between its two positions, for example by a pivoting movement. The roller is for example rotated by an electric motor, the latter being preferably controlled to drive the roller only when the latter is in the active position. According to one embodiment, the cooling system is able to emit a gaseous flow towards the application roll to externally cool the application roll, the gas flow being directed on a portion of the cylindrical outer surface of the roller. In the absence of rotation of the roll, the gaseous flow can not be directed towards the entirety of the outer surface of the roll, and can not in particular be oriented towards the portion of the outer surface through which the roll is intended to come into contact. with the application surface, or towards the portion of the outer surface facing the heating system. According to one embodiment, the cooling system is capable of emitting a gaseous flow at ambient temperature, preferably between 15 ° C. and 30 ° C., or a gaseous flow cooled to a temperature below 15 ° C., preferably air flow. According to one embodiment, the cooling system comprises a deflector or nozzle fed with a gaseous flow, the nozzle partially covering the cylindrical outer surface of the roll on a surface portion opposite to the heating system. According to one embodiment, the aforementioned drive roller is positioned in the nozzle.
Selon d'autres modes de réalisation, le système de refroidissement comprend tout moyen approprié permettant de refroidir par l'extérieur le rouleau, tel que par exemple un rouleau refroidi amené en contact avec le rouleau de compactage, ledit rouleau refroidi pouvant également servir à entraîner en rotation le rouleau de compactage.  According to other embodiments, the cooling system comprises any suitable means for externally cooling the roll, such as, for example, a cooled roll brought into contact with the compacting roll, said cooled roll also being able to be used to drive in rotation the compacting roller.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le système de chauffage est de type laser. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le système de chauffage est de type infrarouge et comprend au moins une première lampe infrarouge apte à chauffer la bande entre sa sortie du système de guidage principal et la zone de contact entre le rouleau d'application et la surface d'application, et de préférence au moins une deuxième lampe infrarouge apte à chauffer, en amont du rouleau, la surface d'application et/ou une ou plusieurs bandes préalablement appliquées.  According to one embodiment, the heating system is of the laser type. According to another embodiment, the heating system is of the infrared type and comprises at least a first infrared lamp capable of heating the strip between its exit from the main guidance system and the contact zone between the application roller and the surface application, and preferably at least a second infrared lamp capable of heating, upstream of the roll, the application surface and / or one or more strips previously applied.
Selon un mode de réalisation, ledit rouleau d'application comprend un tube central rigide par lequel ledit rouleau est monté rotatif sur une structure support de la machine, par exemple de manière amovible via des pièces d'assemblage, et un cylindre réalisé en un matériau souple ou flexible, déformable élastiquement, assemblé coaxialement sur ledit tube central, éventuellement muni d'une couche anti-adhérente. Le cylindre en matériau souple permet au rouleau de compactage de s'adapter aux variations de courbure de la surface d'application et ainsi d'appliquer une pression sensiblement uniforme sur l'ensemble de la bande déposée. Le cylindre est par exemple un élastomère, en particulier un silicone. Le système d'entraînement selon l'invention s'avère particulièrement avantageux dans le cas d'un rouleau souple. According to one embodiment, said application roll comprises a rigid central tube through which said roll is rotatably mounted on a support structure of the machine, for example removable via assembly parts, and a cylinder made of a flexible or flexible material, elastically deformable, assembled coaxially on said central tube, optionally provided with a release layer. The cylinder of flexible material allows the compacting roller to adapt to variations in curvature of the application surface and thus to apply a substantially uniform pressure on the entire deposited strip. The cylinder is for example an elastomer, in particular a silicone. The drive system according to the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of a flexible roller.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tête constitue une tête de placement de fibres comprenant des moyens de coupe et des moyens de réacheminement, et éventuellement de moyens de blocage de fibres.  According to one embodiment, the head constitutes a fiber placement head comprising cutting means and means of rerouting, and possibly fiber blocking means.
La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en matériau composite comprenant l'application de fibres continues sur une surface d'application par exemple pour former une préforme comprenant plusieurs plis de fibres superposés dans différentes orientations, chaque pli étant réalisé par application d'une ou plusieurs bandes selon une orientation, chaque bande étant formée d'une ou plusieurs fibres, caractérisé en ce que l'application de fibres est réalisée au moyen d'une tête d'application de fibres telle que décrite précédemment, par déplacement relatif de la tête d'application par rapport à la surface de drapage selon des trajectoires de dépose, ledit rouleau d'application étant entraîné en rotation par le système d'entraînement entre deux trajectoires de dépose, lorsque le rouleau n'est plus en contact avec la surface d'application, en particulier lors des trajectoires de liaison entre deux trajectoires de dépose, pour refroidir le rouleau.  The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a composite material part comprising the application of continuous fibers on an application surface for example to form a preform comprising several folds of fibers superimposed in different orientations, each fold being produced by applying one or more strips in an orientation, each strip being formed of one or more fibers, characterized in that the application of fibers is carried out by means of a fiber application head as described above by relative movement of the applicator head with respect to the drape surface along depositing paths, said application roller being rotated by the drive system between two depositing paths, when the roll is more in contact with the application surface, in particular during the connection paths between two removal paths, to cool the roll.
Les fibres classiquement utilisées sont des fibres plates continues, appelées également mèches, généralement unidirectionnelles, et comprenant une multitude de filaments. Les fibres déposées peuvent être des fibres sèches ou des fibres pré-imprégnées de résine thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique. Les fibres présentent typiquement des largeurs de 1/8, 1/4 ou 1/2 pouces. Dans la présente, le terme «fibres » désigne également des fibres de plus grande largeur, supérieure à 1/2 pouce, classiquement appelée bande dans la technologie du placement. The fibers conventionally used are continuous flat fibers, also called wicks, generally unidirectional, and comprising a multitude of filaments. The deposited fibers may be dry fibers or fibers pre-impregnated with thermosetting or thermoplastic resin. The fibers typically have widths of 1/8, 1/4 or 1/2 inches. As used herein, the term "fibers" also means fibers of greater width, greater than 1/2 inch, conventionally called band in placement technology.
Selon un mode de réalisation, ledit rouleau est refroidi par l'extérieur par un flux gazeux orienté vers sa surface extérieure cylindrique lors des opérations d'application, pendant les trajectoires de dépose et les trajectoires de liaison, et ainsi que de préférence lorsque la tête est en position d'attente.  According to one embodiment, said roll is externally cooled by a gaseous flow directed towards its cylindrical outer surface during the application operations, during the laying paths and the connecting paths, and as well as preferably when the head is in the waiting position.
Le procédé selon l'invention est particulièrement avantageux dans le cas de préformes sèches réalisées à partir de fibres sèches munies d'un liant et/ou de préformes thermoplastiques réalisées à partir de fibres pré-imprégnées de résine thermoplastique.  The process according to the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of dry preforms made from dry fibers provided with a binder and / or thermoplastic preforms made from fibers pre-impregnated with thermoplastic resin.
Dans le cas d'une préforme sèche, le procédé comprend en outre une étape d'imprégnation de résine dans la préforme sèche, par ajout d'une ou plusieurs résines d'imprégnation par infusion ou injection à la préforme sèche, et une étape de durcissement pour obtenir une pièce en matériau composite. Dans le cas d'une préforme thermoplastique, la préforme peut éventuellement être soumise à une étape de consolidation supplémentaire pour obtenir une pièce finale en matériau composite. Une consolidation in situ peut également être obtenue lors de l'application des fibres.  In the case of a dry preform, the method further comprises a resin impregnation step in the dry preform, by adding one or more impregnation resins by infusion or injection to the dry preform, and a step of hardening to obtain a composite material part. In the case of a thermoplastic preform, the preform may optionally be subjected to an additional consolidation step to obtain a final piece of composite material. In situ consolidation can also be achieved when fiber is applied.
L'application de fibres peut être effectuée sur la surface d'application d'un outillage pour former une préforme, tel que décrit précédemment. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'application de fibres est réalisée directement sur la surface d'application d'une pièce préfabriquée, pour renforcer cette pièce avec des renforts de fibres unidirectionnelles, la pièce préfabriquée étant par exemple une pièce obtenue par injection, moulage ou fabrication additive, à partir d'une ou plusieurs résines thermoplastiques et/ou thermodurcissables.  The application of fibers may be performed on the application surface of a tool to form a preform, as described above. According to another embodiment, the application of fibers is carried out directly on the application surface of a prefabricated part, to reinforce this part with unidirectional fiber reinforcements, the prefabricated part being for example a part obtained by injection, molding or additive manufacturing, from one or more thermoplastic and / or thermosetting resins.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le système de chauffage est activé avant chaque trajectoire de dépose, lorsque le rouleau n'est pas en contact avec la surface d'application, notamment lors de trajectoire de liaison entre deux trajectoires de dépose, afin de garantir un chauffage suffisant dès le début de trajectoire de dépose. Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement adapté dans le cas d'un système de chauffage infrarouge, notamment pour le chauffage de fibres sèches ou fibres préimprégnées de résine thermoplastiques, les moyens d'entraînement permettant d'éviter une surchauffe du rouleau par le système de chauffage. According to one embodiment, the heating system is activated before each removal path, when the roller is not in contact with the application surface, in particular during connection path between two removal paths, in order to guarantee a sufficient heating from the start of the removal path. This embodiment is particularly suitable in the case of an infrared heating system, in particular for heating dry fibers or fibers pre-impregnated with thermoplastic resin, the drive means to prevent overheating of the roll by the heating system.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative détaillée qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation particulier actuellement préféré de l'invention, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, sur lesquels :  The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages will become more clearly apparent from the following detailed explanatory description of a particular presently preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the schematic drawings. annexed, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique partielle de côté d'une tête de placement de fibres selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  - Figure 1 is a partial schematic side view of a fiber placement head according to one embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique partielle en coupe de la tête de la figure 1 illustrant le système de refroidissement et le système de chauffage ;  - Figure 2 is a partial schematic sectional view of the head of Figure 1 illustrating the cooling system and the heating system;
- les figures 3 et 4 sont respectivement une vue de face et une vue de côté du rouleau de la figure 1 équipé du système de refroidissement et d'un système d'entraînement du rouleau selon l'invention, avec le galet d'entraînement dans une position inactive écartée ;  FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively a front view and a side view of the roll of FIG. 1 equipped with the cooling system and a roller drive system according to the invention, with the drive roller in an inactive position discarded;
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon le plan de coupe V-V de la figure 4, illustrant la position inactive du galet d'entraînement ;  - Figure 5 is a sectional view along the V-V sectional plane of Figure 4, illustrating the inactive position of the drive roller;
- les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues analogues à celles des figures 4 et 5, illustrant le galet d'entraînement en position active d'entraînement ; et,  FIGS. 6 and 7 are views similar to those of FIGS. 4 and 5, illustrating the driving roller in the driving active position; and,
- et la figure 8 est une vue schématique de dessus de la surface de drapage d'un outillage illustrant les trajectoires de dépose et les trajectoires de liaison d'une tête selon l'invention pour le drapage d'un pli.  - And Figure 8 is a schematic top view of the drape surface of a tool illustrating the removal paths and the connecting paths of a head according to the invention for draping a fold.
Les figures 1 à 5 illustrent une tête 1 de placement de fibres équipée d'un système d'entraînement 5 selon l'invention, permettant le drapage automatique au contact sur la surface d'application 91 d'un moule 9 de bandes formées de plusieurs fibres, par déplacement relatif de la tête par rapport au moule via un système de déplacement.  FIGS. 1 to 5 illustrate a fiber placement head 1 equipped with a drive system 5 according to the invention, allowing automatic draping in contact on the application surface 91 of a mold 9 of strips formed of several fibers, by relative movement of the head relative to the mold via a displacement system.
La tête 1 comprend un rouleau 3 de compactage, un système de guidage principal 12 pour guider les fibres en direction du rouleau sous la forme de deux nappes de fibres, afin de former une bande de fibres dans laquelle les fibres sont disposées sensiblement bord à bord. En référence à la figure 2, la tête comprend par exemple un système de guidage principal tel que décrit dans le document brevet précité, comprenant des premiers canaux de guidage et des seconds canaux de guidage dans lesquels passent respectivement des premières fibres 81 de la première nappe et des secondes fibres 82 de la seconde nappe. Les premiers canaux et les seconds canaux sont disposés en quinconce, selon deux plans de guidage, représentés schématiquement sous les références PI et P2, se rapprochant l'un de l'autre d'amont en aval, de sorte que les fibres 81 , 82 des deux nappes soient sensiblement disposées bord à bord au niveau du rouleau de compactage. Ces canaux de guidage sont par exemple formés à l'interface d'assemblage d'une pièce centrale 121, en forme de coin, et de deux plaques latérales 122, 123. The head 1 comprises a compacting roll 3, a main guide system 12 for guiding the fibers towards the roll in the form of two plies of fibers, to form a fiber web in which the fibers are disposed substantially edge-to-edge . With reference to FIG. 2, the head comprises for example a system of main guide as described in the aforementioned patent document, comprising first guide channels and second guide channels in which pass respectively first fibers 81 of the first web and the second fibers 82 of the second web. The first channels and the second channels are staggered in two guide planes, shown diagrammatically under the references PI and P2, approaching each other from upstream to downstream, so that the fibers 81, 82 two plies are substantially disposed edge to edge at the compacting roller. These guide channels are for example formed at the assembly interface of a central piece 121, wedge-shaped, and two side plates 122, 123.
La tête comprend une structure support 13 sur laquelle est monté le système de guidage principal 12 et par laquelle la tête peut être assemblée à un système de déplacement (non représenté) qui est apte à déplacer la tête selon au moins trois directions perpendiculaires les unes aux autres. Le système de déplacement comprend par exemple un robot comprenant un poignet ou bras poly-articulé à l'extrémité duquel est montée ladite tête. En variante, la tête est fixe et le moule est apte à être déplacé par rapport à la tête pour effectuer les opérations de drapage. Les fibres sont acheminées depuis des moyens de stockage (non représentés) jusqu'à la tête via des moyens d'acheminement (non représentés). Les moyens de stockage de fibres peuvent comprendre un cantre dans le cas de fibres conditionnées sous forme de bobines. Les moyens d'acheminement peuvent être formés de tubes flexibles, chaque tube recevant une fibre dans son passage interne. De manière connue en soi, la tête comprend des moyens de coupe pour couper individuellement chaque fibre passant dans le système de guidage principal, des moyens de blocage pour bloquer individuellement chaque fibre venant d'être coupée, et des moyens de réacheminement pour réacheminer individuellement jusqu'au rouleau chaque fibre venant d'être coupée, ceci afin de pouvoir à tout moment stopper et reprendre l'application d'une fibre, ainsi que choisir la largeur de la bande. Ces différents moyens (non représentés) sont décrits notamment dans le document brevet précité. La tête est par exemple prévue pour recevoir seize fibres, et permettre l'application d'une bande de seize fibres, par exemple chacune de 6,35 mm (1/4 de pouce) de large. The head comprises a support structure 13 on which is mounted the main guide system 12 and by which the head can be assembled to a displacement system (not shown) which is able to move the head in at least three directions perpendicular to each other. other. The displacement system comprises for example a robot comprising a wrist or poly-articulated arm at the end of which is mounted said head. Alternatively, the head is fixed and the mold is adapted to be moved relative to the head to perform the draping operations. The fibers are conveyed from storage means (not shown) to the head via conveying means (not shown). The fiber storage means may comprise a creel in the case of fibers packaged in the form of coils. The conveying means may be formed of flexible tubes, each tube receiving a fiber in its internal passage. In a manner known per se, the head comprises cutting means for individually cutting each fiber passing in the main guide system, locking means for individually blocking each fiber that has just been cut, and re-routing means for individually redirecting up to to roll each fiber just cut, this in order to be able to stop at any time and resume the application of a fiber, and choose the width of the band. These various means (not shown) are described in particular in the aforementioned patent document. The head is for example designed to receive sixteen fibers, and allow the application of a strip of sixteen fibers, for example each 6.35 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
Le rouleau 3 est monté libre en rotation autour d'un axe Al de rotation sur deux pièces d'assemblage 14, par lesquelles le rouleau est monté de manière amovible sur la structure support 13. La tête de placement de fibres comprend avantageusement un rouleau de compactage apte à s'adapter à la surface d'application, notamment à des surfaces d'application convexes et/ou concaves pour garantir un compactage sensiblement uniforme sur toute la largeur de la bande. Le rouleau est par exemple un rouleau de compactage en un matériau dit souple, qui est déformable élastiquement par compression. Le rouleau de compactage comprend un corps cylindrique ou cylindre 31 en un matériau souple, tel qu'un élastomère. Le cylindre présente un passage central cylindrique pour son assemblage sur un noyau support formé d'un tube central 32 rigide cylindrique, par exemple métallique. Le cylindre 31 et le tube central 32 sont coaxiaux et sont solidaires en rotation l'un de l'autre. Le cylindre est avantageusement revêtu extérieurement d'une couche extérieure anti-adhérente 33, formée par exemple ici d'un film téflon thermo-rétracté sur la surface extérieure du cylindre. Le film téflon, par lequel le rouleau est en contact avec la bande, limite l'adhérence du rouleau aux fibres ainsi que l'encrassement du rouleau. Le rouleau est monté rotatif par son tube rigide aux deux pièces d'assemblage via des paliers.  The roller 3 is rotatably mounted about an axis Al of rotation on two assembly parts 14, by which the roller is removably mounted on the support structure 13. The fiber placement head advantageously comprises a roll of compaction adapted to adapt to the application surface, in particular to convex and / or concave application surfaces to ensure substantially uniform compaction over the entire width of the strip. The roller is for example a compacting roller made of a so-called flexible material, which is elastically deformable by compression. The compacting roll comprises a cylindrical body or cylinder 31 made of a flexible material, such as an elastomer. The cylinder has a cylindrical central passage for its assembly on a support core formed of a cylindrical rigid central tube 32, for example metallic. The cylinder 31 and the central tube 32 are coaxial and are integral in rotation with one another. The cylinder is advantageously coated externally with an anti-adherent outer layer 33, formed for example by a Teflon film heat-shrunk on the outer surface of the cylinder. Teflon film, by which the roll is in contact with the web, limits the adhesion of the roll to the fibers as well as the clogging of the roll. The roller is rotatably mounted by its rigid tube to the two assembly parts via bearings.
Le système de chauffage 2 est disposé en amont du rouleau par rapport à la direction d'avancement de la tête lors du drapage, illustrée par la flèche référencée SI . Le système de chauffage est par exemple de type infrarouge, tel que décrit dans la demande de brevet déposée par la demanderesse, ayant pour titre « Tête d'application de fibres avec rouleau d'application particulier ». Il comprend une première lampe 21 à rayonnement infrarouge, appelée lampe infrarouge, pour chauffer les fibres sortant du système de guidage principal 12, et deux deuxièmes lampes infrarouges 22, disposées en amont de la première lampe infrarouge, pour chauffer, en amont du rouleau de compactage par rapport à la direction d'avancement de la tête, la surface de drapage et/ou les fibres préalablement drapées. Les lampes 21 , 22 sont montées sur un système support 23 qui est assemblée à la tête, et sont disposées parallèlement à l'axe Al du rouleau de compactage, de sorte que le rayonnement de la première lampe 21 est orienté vers le rouleau, tandis que les rayonnements des deuxièmes lampes 22 sont orientés vers la surface d'application. Le système support 23 comprend deux bras 231 entre lesquels sont montées les lampes 21 , 22, les bras étant assemblés par leur première extrémité aux pièces d'assemblage 14. La première lampe peut également permettre de chauffer la zone de pincement entre le rouleau et la surface d'application, ainsi qu'éventuellement la partie de la surface d'application ou des fibres préalablement drapées qui est juste en amont du rouleau. The heating system 2 is disposed upstream of the roll with respect to the direction of advance of the head during draping, illustrated by the arrow referenced SI. The heating system is for example of the infrared type, as described in the patent application filed by the applicant, entitled "Fiber application head with special application roller". It comprises a first lamp 21 with infrared radiation, called infrared lamp, for heating the fibers coming out of the main guide system 12, and two second infrared lamps 22, arranged upstream of the first infrared lamp, for heating, upstream of the roll of compaction with respect to the direction of advancement of the head, the draping surface and / or the previously draped fibers. The lamps 21, 22 are mounted on a support system 23 which is assembled at the head, and are arranged parallel to the axis A1 of the compacting roller, so that the radiation of the first lamp 21 is oriented towards the roller, while the radiation of the second lamps 22 are oriented towards the application surface. The support system 23 comprises two arms 231 between which the lamps 21, 22 are mounted, the arms being assembled at their first end to the assembly pieces 14. The first lamp can also make it possible to heat the nip between the roll and the application surface, as well as possibly the part of the application surface or previously draped fibers which is just upstream of the roller.
Le rouleau est refroidi par un système de refroidissement 4 comprenant un déflecteur ou tuyère 40 alimentée en air. La tuyère est disposée du côté du rouleau qui est opposé au système de chauffage et s'étend autour du rouleau pour recourir la surface extérieure cylindrique 34 du rouleau sur un secteur important, de plus de 180°, qui est opposé à la surface d'application. La tuyère présente par ailleurs des retours latéraux qui viennent recouvrir partiellement les surfaces extérieures latérales 35 du rouleau.  The roll is cooled by a cooling system 4 comprising a deflector or nozzle 40 supplied with air. The nozzle is disposed on the side of the roll which is opposed to the heating system and extends around the roll to utilize the cylindrical outer surface 34 of the roll over a large area of more than 180 ° which is opposite the surface of the roll. application. The nozzle also has lateral returns which partially cover the outer lateral surfaces 35 of the roll.
La tuyère est alimentée en un flux d'air par des conduites (non représentées) connectées à la tuyère via des connecteurs montés au niveau des passages 41 (Figure 3) de la tuyère. Les flèches Fl sur la figure 2 représentent de manière schématique le flux d'air dans la tuyère pour refroidir le rouleau. Le flux d'air est par exemple un flux d'air puisé à température ambiante de l'ordre de 20°C.  The nozzle is supplied with an air flow by pipes (not shown) connected to the nozzle via connectors mounted at the passages 41 (Figure 3) of the nozzle. The arrows Fl in FIG. 2 schematically represent the air flow in the nozzle for cooling the roll. The air flow is for example a flow of air pulsed at room temperature of the order of 20 ° C.
La tête est en outre équipée d'un système d'entraînement 5 apte à entraîner en rotation le rouleau lorsque le rouleau n'est pas en contact avec la surface d'application. Le système d'entraînement 5 comprend un galet d'entraînement 51 relié l'arbre d'entraînement d'un moteur 52 pour être entraîné en rotation autour d'un axe A2, parallèle à l'axe Al de rotation du rouleau. Le galet est par exemple monté solidaire en rotation directement sur l'arbre d'entraînement. Le moteur est monté sur une première platine 53 montée pivotante autour d'un axe A3 sur un support 54. Le système d'entraînement est monté d'un côté du rouleau par son support 54 sur une des deux pièces d'assemblage 14. Le galet est positionné dans la tuyère, l'arbre d'entraînement passant par une ouverture latérale 55 (Figure 7) de la tuyère 4. L'ouverture 55 permet avantageusement le passage du galet dans la tuyère lors du montage du système d'entraînement sur la pièce d'assemblage. The head is further equipped with a drive system 5 adapted to rotate the roller when the roller is not in contact with the application surface. The drive system 5 comprises a drive roller 51 connected to the drive shaft of a motor 52 to be rotated about an axis A2, parallel to the axis A of rotation of the roller. The roller is for example mounted to rotate directly on the drive shaft. The motor is mounted on a first plate 53 pivotally mounted about an axis A3 on a support 54. The drive system is mounted on one side of the roller by its support 54 on one of the two assembly parts 14. The roller is positioned in the nozzle, the drive shaft passing through a lateral opening 55 (Figure 7) of the nozzle 4. The opening 55 advantageously allows the passage of the roller in the nozzle during assembly of the drive system on the assembly part.
Par pivotement de la platine autour de l'axe A3, le galet peut être manœuvré d'une position non active illustrée à la figure 5, dans laquelle le galet 51 est écarté du rouleau 3, et une position active illustrée à la figure 7 dans laquelle le galet est en contact avec le rouleau et entraîne en rotation ce dernier.  By pivoting the plate about the axis A3, the roller can be operated from an inactive position illustrated in Figure 5, wherein the roller 51 is spaced from the roller 3, and an active position shown in Figure 7 in which the roller is in contact with the roller and rotates the latter.
Le galet est sollicité élastiquement vers sa position écartée via un ressort de traction, représenté schématiquement sous la référence 56 sur la figure 3, relié par ses extrémités à la première platine 53 et à une deuxième platine 57 montée fixe sur le support 54. Dans cette position non active, la première platine 53 est en butée contre la deuxième platine 57. La manœuvre du galet vers sa position active est réalisée au moyen d'un vérin 58, monté fixe par son cylindre ou corps de vérin sur la deuxième platine, et dont la tige 58a est en contact par son extrémité avec la première platine. Le déplacement de la tige de vérin depuis une position de repos illustrée à la figure 4 vers une position déployée illustrée à la figure 6 permet de faire pivoter la première platine 53 à rencontre de l'effort de rappel du ressort 56 pour amener le galet dans sa position active illustrée à la figure 4. Lorsque la tige de vérin est ramenée vers sa position de repos, la platine pivote sous l'effet du rappel élastique du ressort jusqu'à venir en butée contre la deuxième platine, le galet étant dans sa position écartée. Le moteur est piloté pour entraîner le galet uniquement lorsque ce dernier est en position active, le moteur entraînant par exemple le galet dans le sens F2 horaire sur la figure 7, de manière à entraîner le rouleau dans le sens F3 antihoraire.  The roller is biased elastically towards its spaced position via a tension spring, shown schematically under the reference 56 in FIG. 3, connected at its ends to the first plate 53 and to a second plate 57 fixedly mounted on the support 54. position not active, the first plate 53 is in abutment against the second plate 57. The operation of the roller to its active position is performed by means of a jack 58, fixedly mounted by its cylinder or cylinder body on the second plate, and whose rod 58a is in contact at its end with the first plate. The displacement of the cylinder rod from a rest position illustrated in FIG. 4 to an extended position illustrated in FIG. 6 makes it possible to pivot the first plate 53 against the restoring force of the spring 56 in order to bring the roller into position. its active position illustrated in Figure 4. When the cylinder rod is returned to its rest position, the plate pivots under the effect of the elastic return of the spring to abut against the second plate, the roller being in its discarded position. The motor is driven to drive the roller only when the latter is in the active position, the motor driving for example the roller in the clockwise direction F2 in Figure 7, so as to drive the roller in the counterclockwise direction F3.
La figure 8 illustre un exemple d'utilisation du système d'entraînement pour le drapage d'un pli sur la surface d'application 91 du moule 9, le pli 6 étant formé ici de six bandes parallèles de huit fibres.  FIG. 8 illustrates an example of use of the drive system for draping a fold on the application surface 91 of the mold 9, the fold 6 being formed here of six parallel strips of eight fibers.
Dans cet exemple, les lampes 21 , 22 infrarouge du système de chauffage sont activées avant le drapage d'une bande, lors des trajectoires dite de liaison, notamment entre deux trajectoires de dépose, lorsque le rouleau n'est pas en contact avec la surface de drapage, de sorte que le système de chauffage soit au maximum de sa capacité de chauffe lorsque la fibre descend du système de guidage principal, et obtenir ainsi un chauffage suffisant en début de trajectoire, et uniforme sur l'ensemble de la trajectoire de dépose. L'entraînement en rotation du rouleau évite que la même portion du rouleau soit soumise au rayonnement de la première lampe et permet un refroidissement de l'ensemble du rouleau par le système de refroidissement. In this example, the infrared lamps 21, 22 of the heating system are activated before the draping of a strip, during the so-called connection paths, in particular between two removal paths, when the roller is not in contact with the surface. of draping, so that the heating system is at its maximum heating capacity when the fiber descends from the main guidance system, and thus obtain sufficient heating at the beginning of trajectory, and uniform over the entire trajectory of removal. The rotational drive of the roller prevents the same portion of the roller from being irradiated by the first lamp and allows cooling of the entire roller by the cooling system.
Sur la figure 8, les trajectoires de liaison sont représentées de manière schématique en traits pointillés, et les trajectoires de dépose sont représentées de manière schématique en traits discontinus.  In FIG. 8, the connecting paths are schematically represented in dashed lines, and the depositing paths are schematically represented in broken lines.
Pour le drapage du pli, la tête effectue une première trajectoire de liaison Lj depuis une position d'origine ou position d'attente P0 jusqu'à une position Pt dans laquelle la tête est en contact avec la surface du moule. Lors de cette trajectoire de liaison Ll 5 le système de chauffage est activé pour préchauffer les lampes, et le galet d'entraînement est manœuvré est position active par commande du vérin pour faire tourner le rouleau. Le système de chauffage est activé sur toute la trajectoire de liaison, ou uniquement sur une partie de la trajectoire de dépose sur une durée suffisante pour atteindre la capacité de chauffage souhaitée. Au point Pl5 ou légèrement avant d'atteindre le point P1 ? le galet est ramené en position inactive, et la tête est déplacée selon la trajectoire de dépose Dt jusqu'au point P2 pour draper la première bande 61 de fibres. La tête est ensuite déplacée, sans contact avec la surface d'application, selon une deuxième trajectoire de liaison L2, jusqu'au point P3. Lors de cette trajectoire de liaison L2, le système de chauffage est désactivé au point P2 et est activé à nouveau avant d'atteindre le point P3, et le galet d'entraînement est manœuvré en position active par commande du vérin pour faire tourner le rouleau. For draping the fold, the head performs a first connecting path L j from an original position or waiting position P 0 to a position P t in which the head is in contact with the surface of the mold. During this link path L 1 the heating system is activated to preheat the lamps, and the drive roller is maneuvered to active position by controlling the cylinder to rotate the roller. The heating system is activated over the entire connecting path, or only on a part of the path of removal for a sufficient time to reach the desired heating capacity. At point P15 or slightly before reaching point P 1? the roller is returned to the inactive position, and the head is moved along the path of removal D t to the point P 2 to drape the first band 61 of fibers. The head is then moved, without contact with the application surface, along a second connecting path L 2 , to the point P 3 . During this connection path L 2 , the heating system is deactivated at the point P 2 and is activated again before reaching the point P 3 , and the driving roller is operated in the active position by controlling the cylinder to make turn the roller.
Au point P3, ou légèrement avant d'atteindre le point P3, le galet est ramené en position inactive, et la tête est déplacée selon la trajectoire de dépose D2 jusqu'au point P4 pour draper la deuxième bande 62 de fibres. Les autres bandes du pli sont réalisées de la même façon en déplaçant la tête selon des trajectoires de dépose et des trajectoires de liaison. Après la trajectoire de dépose pour la dernière bande D6, la tête effectue une trajectoire de liaison, pour revenir vers le point d'origine ou pour draper la bande du pli suivant. Au cours de cette trajectoire de liaison, le rouleau est entraîné en rotation par le galet d'entraînement. At the point P 3 , or slightly before reaching the point P 3 , the roller is returned to the inactive position, and the head is moved along the path of removal D 2 to the point P 4 to drape the second band 62 of fibers . The other bands of the fold are made in the same way by moving the head according to removal paths and connecting paths. After the path of removal for the last D 6 band, the head performs a link path, to return to the point of origin or to drape the band of the next fold. During this connecting path, the roller is rotated by the drive roller.
L'entraînement en rotation du rouleau peut être maintenu lorsque la tête est laissée en attente en position d'origine entre deux opérations de drapage, afin de bien refroidir le rouleau avant de draper un pli.  The rotation drive of the roll can be maintained when the head is left in the original position between two draping operations to cool the roll well before draping a fold.
Selon une variante de réalisation, le système de chauffage est un système de chauffage de type laser, dont le rayonnement est dirigé en direction de la bande, juste avant son compactage, ainsi que vers la ou les bandes déjà déposées. Le rayonnement est ainsi dirigé obliquement vers le rouleau pour chauffer une section de bande disposée sur le rouleau, avant son compactage par ce dernier. Le rouleau utilisé est alors avantageusement sensiblement transparent au rayonnement émis par le laser. Dans le cas d'un chauffage laser, le chauffage peut être éteint pendant les trajectoires de liaison.  According to an alternative embodiment, the heating system is a laser-type heating system, the radiation of which is directed towards the strip, just prior to its compacting, as well as towards the strip or strips already deposited. The radiation is thus directed obliquely towards the roll to heat a section of tape disposed on the roll, before its compacting by the latter. The roller used is then advantageously substantially transparent to the radiation emitted by the laser. In the case of laser heating, the heating can be switched off during the link paths.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec différents modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.  Although the invention has been described in connection with various particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Tête d'application de fibres pour la réalisation de pièces en matériau composite, comprenant 1. Fiber application head for producing parts made of composite material, comprising
- un rouleau d'application (3) pour l'application d'une bande formée d'une ou plusieurs fibres (81 , 82) sur une surface (91) d'application,  - an application roll (3) for applying a web of one or more fibers (81, 82) to an application surface (91),
- un système de guidage (12) principal pour guider au moins une fibre vers ledit rouleau d'application, et  a main guide system (12) for guiding at least one fiber towards said application roller, and
- un système de chauffage (2) apte à émettre un rayonnement thermique en direction de la bande, juste avant application par le rouleau d'application, et  a heating system (2) able to emit thermal radiation in the direction of the strip, just before application by the application roller, and
- un système de refroidissement (4) apte à refroidir le rouleau d'application par l'extérieur,  a cooling system (4) able to cool the application roller from the outside,
caractérisée en ce que la tête comprend un système d'entraînement (5) apte à entraîner en rotation le rouleau d'application, lorsque le rouleau n'est pas en contact avec la surface d'application.  characterized in that the head comprises a drive system (5) adapted to rotate the application roller when the roller is not in contact with the application surface.
2. Tête selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le système d'entraînement (5) comprend au moins un moyen d'entraînement (51) motorisé manœuvrable entre une position inactive dans laquelle ledit moyen d'entraînement est écarté du rouleau d'application, et une position active dans laquelle ledit moyen d'entraînement est en contact avec le rouleau d'application (3) pour entraîner positivement ce dernier en rotation.  2. Head according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive system (5) comprises at least one drive means (51) motorized operable between an inactive position in which said drive means is spaced from the roller of application, and an active position in which said drive means is in contact with the application roller (3) for positively driving the latter in rotation.
3. Tête selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le système d'entraînement (5) comprend au moins un galet d'entraînement (51) motorisé, d'axe de rotation (A2) parallèle à l'axe de rotation (A3) du rouleau d'application, ledit galet étant manœuvrable entre une position inactive dans laquelle le galet est écarté de la surface extérieure (34) cylindrique du rouleau d'application, et une position active dans laquelle le galet est en contact avec la surface extérieure cylindrique du rouleau d'application pour entraîner positivement ce dernier en rotation.  3. Head according to claim 2, characterized in that the drive system (5) comprises at least one drive roller (51) motorized axis of rotation (A2) parallel to the axis of rotation (A3 ) of the application roller, said roller being operable between an inactive position in which the roller is spaced from the cylindrical outer surface (34) of the application roller, and an active position in which the roller is in contact with the outer surface cylindrical roller application to drive the latter positively in rotation.
4. Tête selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le système de refroidissement (4) est apte à émettre un flux gazeux (Fl) en direction du rouleau d'application. 4. Head according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cooling system (4) is adapted to emit a gas flow (Fl) towards the application roller.
5. Tête selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le système de refroidissement (4) comprend une tuyère (40) alimentée en un flux gazeux, la tuyère recouvrant partiellement la surface extérieure cylindrique du rouleau. 5. Head according to claim 4, characterized in that the cooling system (4) comprises a nozzle (40) supplied with a gaseous flow, the nozzle partially covering the cylindrical outer surface of the roll.
6. Tête selon la revendication 3 et 5, caractérisée en ce que le galet d'entraînement (51) est positionné dans la tuyère.  6. Head according to claim 3 and 5, characterized in that the drive roller (51) is positioned in the nozzle.
7. Tête selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le système de chauffage (2) est de type laser.  7. Head according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heating system (2) is of the laser type.
8. Tête selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le système de chauffage (2) est de type infrarouge, et comprend au moins une première lampe (21) infrarouge apte à chauffer la bande entre sa sortie du système de guidage principal (12) et la zone de contact entre le rouleau d'application (3) et la surface d'application (91).  8. Head according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heating system (2) is of the infrared type, and comprises at least a first lamp (21) infrared capable of heating the strip between its output system main guide (12) and the contact area between the application roller (3) and the application surface (91).
9. Tête selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que ledit rouleau d'application comprend un tube central (32) rigide par lequel ledit rouleau est monté rotatif sur une structure support (13) de la machine, et un cylindre (31) réalisé en un matériau souple, déformable élastiquement, assemblé coaxialement sur ledit tube central.  9. Head according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said application roller comprises a rigid central tube (32) by which said roller is rotatably mounted on a support structure (13) of the machine, and a cylinder (31) made of a flexible material, elastically deformable, assembled coaxially on said central tube.
10. Tête selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle constitue une tête de placement de fibres.  10. Head according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it constitutes a fiber placement head.
11. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en matériau composite comprenant l'application de fibres continues sur une surface d'application (91), caractérisé en ce que l'application de fibres est réalisée au moyen d'une tête d'application de fibres selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, par déplacement relatif de la tête d'application (1) par rapport à la surface de drapage (91) selon des trajectoires de dépose, ledit rouleau d'application étant entraîné en rotation par le système d'entraînement entre deux trajectoires de dépose, lorsque le rouleau n'est plus en contact avec la surface d'application.  11. A method of manufacturing a composite material part comprising the application of continuous fibers to an application surface (91), characterized in that the application of fibers is carried out by means of an application head of fibers according to one of claims 1 to 10, by relative displacement of the application head (1) with respect to the drape surface (91) along depositing paths, said application roll being rotated by the driving system between two removal paths, when the roll is no longer in contact with the application surface.
12. Procédé selon la revendication 11 , caractérisé en ce que le système de chauffage est activé avant chaque trajectoire de dépose, lorsque le rouleau n'est pas en contact avec la surface d'application, afin de garantir un chauffage suffisant dès le début de trajectoire de dépose.  Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the heating system is activated before each removal path, when the roller is not in contact with the application surface, in order to ensure sufficient heating from the beginning of the trajectory of removal.
EP16714464.1A 2015-04-01 2016-03-24 Fiber application head comprising a special application roller Withdrawn EP3277486A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1500676A FR3034338B1 (en) 2015-04-01 2015-04-01 FIBER APPLICATION HEAD WITH PARTICULAR APPLICATION ROLLER
PCT/FR2016/000057 WO2016156677A1 (en) 2015-04-01 2016-03-24 Fiber application head comprising a special application roller

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EP (1) EP3277486A1 (en)
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US10369594B2 (en) 2019-08-06
US20180111341A1 (en) 2018-04-26
WO2016156677A1 (en) 2016-10-06
FR3034338A1 (en) 2016-10-07
FR3034338B1 (en) 2017-04-21

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