Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
  • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
  • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
  • F28D20/026—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat with different heat storage materials not coming into direct contact
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
  • F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
  • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
  • F28D2020/0086—Partitions
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
  • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
  • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
  • F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of thermal batteries, especially for a motor vehicle, and more specifically to thermal batteries comprising a thermal storage material, such as a phase change material.
• the invention also relates to the use of such a thermal battery in particular in thermal management loops for a motor vehicle.
• These include latent heat batteries for storing and returning heat through a phase change material.
• Thermal batteries are generally used for heating the passenger compartment, especially in electric and hybrid vehicles or for preheating a heat transfer fluid in a thermal management loop.
• Thermal batteries can also be used for preheating engine oil or automatic gearbox oil of internal combustion engine vehicles.
• thermal storage is performed when charging the electric battery.
• the thermal energy thus stored is available when the passenger compartment requires the start of heating, the thermal battery will heat the heat transfer fluid before passing through a heat exchanger for heating the cabin. The energy provided by the thermal battery is thus saved on the electric battery.
• the thermal storage is also done during the charging of the electric battery, and further when the engine goes into thermal mode.
• thermal battery For vehicles with internal combustion engines, the energy stored in the thermal battery is charged during a previous run when the engine was warm. This stored energy is then used when starting the vehicle to reduce friction when the engine is cold and the oil is viscous. Indeed, these rubs lead to overconsumption of fuel during the first minutes of use of the vehicle. Thus a thermal battery can then be placed on the transmission fluid, coolant or engine oil circuits.
• Such a thermal battery generally comprises, according to a so-called tube and fin technology, a plurality of heat exchange tubes for the circulation of heat transfer fluid, and the phase change material is in contact with the heat exchange tubes.
• the thermal battery forms an enclosure inside which a phase-change material is placed, in particular in encapsulated form, and the coolant circulates in contact with these capsules.
• the performance of the thermal battery is thus dependent on the phase-change material that it can contain coupled with the temperature conditions of the coolant according to the application in the vehicle.
• thermal battery can only be used for a given application in the vehicle. Consequently, depending on the number of loops or thermal management circuits to which it is desired to add such a thermal battery, as many thermal batteries as applications are necessary.
• the subject of the invention is a thermal battery, in particular for a motor vehicle, configured to be traversed by a heat transfer fluid and comprising a thermal storage material,
• each heat exchange compartment being on the one hand in fluid communication with an associated intake and an associated outlet for a dedicated heat transfer fluid, and on the other hand comprising an associated thermal storage material, for a heat exchange between the dedicated heat transfer fluid and the associated thermal storage material.
• the heat exchange between a heat transfer fluid and a thermal storage material associated in a heat exchange compartment is performed independently of the other heat exchange compartment.
• the same thermal battery can therefore integrate within it several thermal storage materials and several fluids to meet the different needs encountered in the vehicle. We obtain a multi-function thermal battery.
• Such a thermal battery according to the invention also makes it possible to optimize the thermal storage capacity, while decreasing the thermal losses towards the outside.
• the heat battery can accommodate within it several heat transfer fluids having in particular different thermal conditions, so that the same thermal battery can be used for various applications including the motor vehicle.
• the same heat transfer fluid circulates in the different thermal exchange compartments of the thermal battery.
• the thermal battery comprises an enclosure and at least one partition wall arranged in the enclosure so as to separate two heat exchange compartments.
• the partition wall may comprise at least one sealed wall.
• the partition wall may comprise at least two watertight walls and at least one thermal insulation interposed between the two watertight walls.
• the heat exchange compartments can not be in fluid communication with each other, which allows a completely dissociated use of one or other of the heat exchange compartments of the battery thermal, depending on the desired application in particular in the motor vehicle.
• the partition wall may furthermore comprise at least one heating means, such as at least one screen-printed heating plate, making it possible to improve the thermal storage.
• At least one first heat exchange compartment comprises a first thermal storage material
• at least one second heat exchange compartment comprises a second thermal storage material distinct from the first thermal storage material.
• the second thermal storage material is for example of different composition of the first thermal storage material.
• the first heat exchange compartment comprises a first phase change material and the second heat exchange compartment comprises a second phase change material with a phase change temperature different from that of the first phase change material.
• the first phase change material has a phase change temperature of the order of 60 ° C to 110 ° C
• the second phase change material has a phase change temperature of 100 ° C. order of 50 ° C to 95 ° C.
• thermal storage materials such as different phase-change materials within the same thermal battery.
• the phase change materials are respectively in a separate heat exchange compartment, thus avoiding any risk of chemical reaction between them, which allows the use of the most suitable phase change materials according to the desired application regardless of the use of another phase change material in another thermal exchange compartment of the thermal battery.
• the thermal battery advantageously comprises a separate fill port for each phase change material.
• the thermal battery comprises a bundle of heat exchange tubes, a heat exchange tube comprising at least one heat transfer fluid circulation channel, and at least one thermal storage material able to circulate in the contact heat exchange tubes.
• the partition wall provides a sealing function and separation between the thermal storage materials of two thermal exchange compartments juxtaposed with the thermal battery.
• the thermal battery has a common enclosure in which the thermal storage material or materials are encapsulated in a plurality of reservoirs, for example of generally cylindrical or spherical general shape, and in which fluids are circulating. coolants in contact with the capsules of thermal storage materials.
• the partition wall provides a sealing function and separation between heat transfer fluids able to flow in two thermal exchange compartments juxtaposed with the thermal battery.
• the thermal battery further comprises at least one device for holding encapsulated thermal storage materials, disposed between the reservoirs of the encapsulated thermal storage materials themselves and between the reservoirs of the encapsulated thermal storage materials and the enclosure of the thermal battery. It may be one or more grids having a plurality of meshes, the encapsulated storage materials being intended to pass through the meshes of a grid.
• the thermal battery may further comprise one or more of the following features, taken separately or in combination:
• the thermal battery has a generally parallelepipedal or cylindrical general shape
• the partition wall is arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the thermal battery
• the partition wall is arranged substantially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the thermal battery
• the partition wall is arranged substantially parallel to the direction of flow of the heat transfer fluid or fluids
• the thermal battery comprises at least one common thermal insulation means for said at least two heat exchange compartments, and
• the first heat exchange compartment and the second heat exchange compartment have different volumes, allowing them to be used in a dissociated manner in different applications.
• the invention also relates to the use of the same thermal battery according to the invention in at least two thermal management loops, in particular in a motor vehicle.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a thermal battery according to a first embodiment
• FIG. 2 is a slightly perspective cross-sectional view of the thermal battery of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a double wall partition of a thermal battery of FIG. 1 or 2
• FIG. 4a is a perspective view of a single wall partition wall of a thermal battery of FIG. 1 or 2, having an integrated heating means,
• FIG. 4b is a perspective view of a double-walled partition wall of FIG. 3 having an integrated heating means
• FIG. 4c is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 4a showing the heating means of the partition wall
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a thermal battery according to a second embodiment
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a thermal battery according to a third embodiment
• FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation in perspective of internal elements of a thermal battery according to the third embodiment of FIG. 6,
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a thermal battery according to a fourth embodiment
• FIG. 9 is a slightly perspective cross-sectional view of the thermal battery of FIG. 8;
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a thermal battery according to a fifth embodiment
• FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic and simplified representation of a thermal battery of FIG. 1 arranged in two separate thermal management loops.
• the invention relates to a thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401.
• This may include a latent heat battery, also known as LHB for the English “Latent Heat Battery”.
• the thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 is configured to be traversed by one or more heat transfer fluids.
• heat transfer fluid is understood to mean any fluid that makes it possible to transport heat or cold between two media.
• the thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 is further provided with one or more thermal storage materials contained or encapsulated in the thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, so as to allow a heat exchange between a thermal storage material and an associated heat transfer fluid.
• the thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 makes it possible to store and then restore heat via a thermal storage material or materials, to a heat transfer fluid.
• the thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 comprises at least a first heat exchange compartment 3 A and a second heat exchange compartment 3B, so that a heat exchange between a coolant and an associated thermal storage material may take place in one of the heat exchange compartments 3A or 3B independently of the other heat exchange compartment.
• Figure 1 is a schematic view of a thermal battery 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• the thermal battery 1 has a generally parallelepipedal general shape.
• the battery 1 comprises an enclosure 5.
• the enclosure 5 also has a generally parallelepipedal general shape.
• the enclosure 5 is made of a material whose sealing characteristics, thermal insulation and mechanical strength are sufficiently high to withstand the conditions of use of such a thermal battery in a motor vehicle, for example aluminum or thermostable plastic. In a variant, it may also provide an insulating material to be placed over the wall of the enclosure to further isolate the battery from the outside environment.
• the heat battery 1 comprises at least one partition wall 7. This partition wall 7 is provided sealed against heat transfer fluids and thermal storage materials on both sides of the partition wall 7. Thus, the heat exchange compartments 3A and 3B are not in fluid communication with each other.
• the location of the partition wall 7 is shown schematically by dashed lines in FIG. 1.
• the partition wall 7 is arranged in the interior space defined by the enclosure 5, as can be seen more clearly in FIG. 2. More specifically, the partition wall 7 is in this example arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the thermal battery 1, and therefore the enclosure 5.
• the partition wall 7 is here arranged over the entire length of the enclosure 5 (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
• the partition wall 7 can be made in one piece with the enclosure 5.
• the partition wall 7 can be reported and fixed on the enclosure 5 by any appropriate means.
• the partition wall 7 is for example made by a wall of generally parallelepipedal shape.
• the partition wall 7 may have at least two walls 70 assembled.
• At least one thermal insulator 71 may be interposed between the walls 70.
• the walls 70 and the optional heat insulator (s) 71 may be assembled by any appropriate means.
• the partition wall 7 comprises at least one heating means.
• the partition wall 7 simple ( Figure 4a) or at least two walls 70 ( Figure 4b), may have at least one heated screen-printed plate 72 is more visible in Figure 4c.
• the heating means integrated in the partition wall 7, such as a heated screen-printed plate 72, makes it possible to heat-charge the thermal battery 1, for example when charging an electric battery of the vehicle.
• the storage of heat energy within the thermal battery 1 is improved.
• Peltier cells in particular in the case of a low temperature storage.
• the charging temperatures can be regulated independently of one another.
• the charging temperature can be the same on both sides.
• the heat battery 1 is intended to be crossed on the one hand by at least one heat transfer fluid.
• Heat transfer fluids are for example those used in applications such as preheating, heating the passenger compartment, namely the coolant, the transmission oil or the engine oil. Fluids such as windshield washer fluid, refrigerants or any other fluid used in a car can be used according to the invention.
• the thermal battery 1 comprises a plurality of circulation channels 9 for at least one coolant.
• These circulation channels 9 may be defined for example by tubes or alternatively by juxtaposition of plates.
• the thermal battery 1 comprises a bundle of stacked heat exchange tubes 11 defining the circulation channels 9.
• the heat battery 1 comprises heat exchange tubes 11 in the two heat exchange compartments 3A and 3B.
• the partition wall 7 is arranged substantially parallel to the heat exchange tubes 11.
• the partition wall 7 is in this case also arranged substantially parallel to the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid.
• the set of heat exchange tubes 9 may be identical.
• the beam comprises heat exchange tubes 9 of different structure in the two heat exchange compartments 3A and 3B.
• a first dedicated heat transfer fluid can circulate in the circulation channels 9 of the first heat exchange compartment 3A while a second dedicated heat transfer fluid can circulate in the circulation channels 9 of the second heat exchange compartment 3B.
• the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid may be of the same nature or on the contrary be of a different nature.
• the thermal battery 1 may furthermore comprise interleaves 13 placed in each case between two adjacent heat exchange tubes 11, also between a heat exchange tube 11 and the enclosure 5.
• the function of the spacers 13 is to increase the heat exchange surface. In order to facilitate the understanding of FIG. 2, the spacers 13 are only partially and schematically represented but are advantageously present throughout the heat battery 1.
• the spacers 13 may for example be made in the form of fins.
• the enclosure 5 is arranged around the heat exchange bundle comprising the plurality of heat exchange tubes 11 and possibly the spacers 13.
• the thermal battery furthermore has two collectors 15, made here in the form of collector plates 15 and arranged on either side of the heat exchange bundle, that is to say in this example, say at the longitudinal ends of the heat exchange tubes 9.
• the collector plates 15 also ensure a closure of the heat exchange bundle.
• the heat battery 1 comprises at least one inlet 17 for the supply of heat transfer fluid, and at least one outlet 19 for the discharge of the heat transfer fluid. This is for example intake manifolds 17 or 19 outlet.
• the intake manifolds 17 and outlet 19 are arranged on the thermal battery in fluid communication with at least one heat exchange compartment 3A or 3B.
• a first intake manifold 17 and a first outlet manifold 19 are arranged in fluid communication with the associated first heat exchange compartment 3A.
• a second intake manifold 17 and a second outlet manifold 19 are arranged in fluid communication with the associated second heat exchange compartment 3B.
• the thermal battery 1 can therefore accommodate several heat transfer fluids.
• Heat transfer fluids may have different heat properties. Heat transfer fluids can also come from separate circuits. Each heat transfer fluid used can flow independently inside an associated heat exchange compartment 3A or 3B, comprising an intake manifold 17 and a specific outlet pipe 19. Thus, independently of one another, the heat transfer fluids are admitted into the heat battery 1 by the intake manifolds 17, and then are distributed in the heat exchange tubes 11 of the associated heat exchange compartment 3A or 3B. . After passing through the thermal battery 1, the heat transfer fluids emerge via the outlet pipes 19.
• arrows F schematically represent the coolant flow.
• the direction of flow of the coolant can be in one direction or the other.
• the intake manifolds 17 and outlet 19 are formed on the manifold plates 15. More specifically, a manifold plate 15 may have the intake manifolds 17 and the other manifold plate 15 may have the manifolds output 19.
• each manifold plate 15 may have at least one intake manifold 17 and at least one outlet manifold 19.
• the thermal battery 1 is intended to include at least one thermal storage material.
• the thermal battery 1 is for example intended to include the same thermal storage material in the two heat exchange compartments 3A and 3B.
• a first thermal storage material may be provided in the first heat exchange compartment 3 A and a second thermal storage material in the second heat exchange compartment 3B.
• the enclosure 5 of the thermal battery 1 forms a reservoir of the thermal storage material.
• the thermal storage material once introduced into the thermal battery 1, is kept around the heat exchange tubes 11 and any spacers 13 through the enclosure 5.
• the thermal storage material is arranged in contact with at least one heat exchange tube 9 for heat exchange between the thermal storage material and the heat transfer fluid.
• the heat transfer is carried out through the walls of these heat exchange tubes 11.
• the partition wall 7 makes it possible to separate in a sealed manner the thermal storage materials from each heat exchange compartment 3A or 3B, avoiding any contact and risk of chemical reactions between the thermal storage materials. Thus, one can use several thermal storage materials in the same thermal battery 1.
• the thermal storage material is preferably a phase change material known by the acronym MCP in French or PCM for English "Phase Change Material".
• a phase change material is a material capable of absorbing a certain quantity of heat by passing from one physical state to another, for example during the melting, and also of restoring stored heat by taking up the state original physics, for example by recrystallizing.
• the phase-change material is provided so as to allow, during certain phases, heat storage from a heat-transfer fluid in the thermal battery 1 and, in other phases, a return of heat from the thermal battery 1 to the coolant.
• thermal battery 1 possibly including several thermal storage materials such as phase change materials, it is possible to use the most suitable material for a given use.
• phase change material with the same phase change temperature or alternatively with a different phase change temperature in the two heat exchange compartments 3A and 3B.
• the choice depends on the desired phase change temperature. This temperature can range from several hundred degrees for applications on the exhaust, to lower ranges for example of the order of 60 ° C to 110 ° C for the transmission oil or engine oil, or of the order of 50 ° C to 95 ° C for ethylene glycol for example.
• phase change materials having similar latent heat or alternatively having different latent heat in the two heat exchange compartments 3A and 3B may be provided.
• an engine cooling loop when a heat-transfer fluid, for example after being heated through the engine, circulates in contact with the phase-change material, the coolant is cooled by the change-over material. phase that takes heat energy for example by passing into the liquid phase. The return of heat can be achieved during a cold start of the car, for quickly heating the heat transfer fluid.
• the phase-change material may be a material capable of storing frigories and of restoring the refrigerants stored, to and from a heat transfer fluid also called in this case a refrigerant fluid. It may be an air flow intended to modify the thermal parameters of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. Alternatively, it may be a refrigerant.
• phase-change material transfers heat energy to the coolant or coolant, provided sufficiently cold, that is to say at a temperature below the solidification temperature of the material to be changed. phase
• the coolant or coolant circulating in contact with the phase-change material is cooled by the phase-change material which takes it from the heat energy by passing into the liquid phase.
• the thermal battery 1 is for example arranged downstream of an evaporator of the air conditioning loop in the direction of flow of the air flow to the passenger compartment.
• the phase-change material used is selected to have a phase change temperature lower than that of the previous example in the case of a cooling loop of the motor. This maintains the cooling of a passenger compartment of the vehicle during a given stopping period, for example automatic shutdown of the engine when the car comes to a stop.
• the thermal battery 1 may furthermore comprise at least one filling orifice allowing the filling of phase change material of at least one heat exchange compartment 3A or 3B.
• the phase change material filler is preferably made in liquid form at the appropriate temperature conditions.
• a plug 21 (visible in FIG. 1) advantageously closes such a filling orifice.
• the filling orifice (s) may be provided on the enclosure 5.
• a separate fill port may be provided for each heat exchange compartment 3A or 3B.
• the phase change material associated with a given heat exchange compartment 3A or 3B can be introduced independently of the phase change material associated with the other heat exchange compartment.
• the filling orifices may be arranged on the same side of the enclosure 5 or on two different sides.
• the thermal battery 1 advantageously has a common thermal insulation means for the two heat exchange compartments 3A and 3B.
• thermal insulation means may in particular be arranged around the enclosure 5 of the thermal battery 1, in order to contain the heat stored in the thermal battery 1.
• thermal insulation means such as foams, aerogels, fibers or multilayers with or without vacuum.
• FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a thermal battery 101.
• the circulation of the fluid or fluids heat transfer is no longer in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the heat exchange tubes 111.
• it is a so-called "U" circulation as schematized by the arrows F 'in FIG.
• the partition wall 107 is arranged in the enclosure 105 substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis L of the enclosure 105.
• the partition wall 107 is here arranged over the entire cross section of the enclosure 105 with reference to FIG.
• the heat transfer fluids associated with the heat exchange compartments 103A and 103B circulate substantially in "U" from the bottom upwards with reference to the representation of FIG. 5.
• the heat transfer fluids can flow in the other direction, that is to say from top to bottom according to the representation of Figure 5, or the two heat transfer fluids can flow in opposite directions relative to each other.
• thermal batteries 1, 101 of generally parallelepipedal shape.
• thermal battery 201, 301, 401 of generally cylindrical general shape.
• the thermal battery 201, 301, 401 may comprise within it a plurality of thermal storage material tanks, here encapsulated phase change material.
• FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of a thermal battery 201.
• the thermal battery 201 has a generally cylindrical general shape.
• the enclosure 205 defines an interior space in which a plurality of reservoirs 223, containing encapsulated phase change material, may be placed.
• the encapsulation of the phase change material provides a tight separation function and allows to have different phase change materials or not in the heat exchange compartments 203 A and 203B of the thermal battery 201.
• the tanks or capsules 223 are of generally cylindrical general shape. These are called encapsulated phase change material tubes 223.
• the tubes of encapsulated phase change material 223 may be arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the thermal battery 201, and therefore of the enclosure 205.
• the heat transfer fluid circulates in a so-called "U" circulation (shown in FIG. by arrows F ') in the associated heat exchange compartment 3A or 3B.
• the thermal battery 201 may further comprise a holding device 225 of encapsulated phase change material tubes 223.
• the holding device 225 is disposed between the encapsulated phase change material tubes 223 themselves, and also between the 223 encapsulated phase change material tubes and the enclosure 205.
• the holding device 225 is advantageously designed to maintain a constant distance between each tube of encapsulated phase change material 223, so as to obtain homogeneity in terms of pressure drops and flow of the coolant.
• an irregular pitch can be provided between the tubes of encapsulated phase change material 223, in particular to force the passage of heat transfer fluid there.
• the holding device 225 may comprise a composite material placed within the enclosure 205 except at the inlet and outlet pipes 217 and 219, so as to surround the tubes of material with change of encapsulated phase 223.
• the holding device 225 comprises at least one gate 225, the tubes of material with phase change. encapsulated 223 then pass through the mesh of the grid to be maintained.
• the grid or grids 225 may be fixed against the enclosure 205 by any appropriate fixing or locking means.
• the encapsulated phase change material tubes 223 may further be held at their longitudinal ends by a manifold 215 (FIG. 6).
• the collectors 215 no longer have intake or outlet nozzles 217, 219 of coolant.
• Such intake manifolds 217 or outlet 219 can be arranged directly on the wall of the enclosure 205.
• the flow of the heat transfer fluid (s) may not be in circulation channels, as described in the first embodiment.
• the heat transfer fluid (s) can circulate inside the enclosure 205 of the thermal battery 201 while coming into contact with the encapsulated phase change material tubes 223.
• the encapsulated phase change material tubes 223 must be made of materials capable of withstanding the conditions of use of the thermal battery 201 and the coolant circulating within the enclosure 205. act in particular aluminum or polymeric material such as polyamide.
• the thermal battery 201 also has at least one partition wall 207 arranged to separate at least two heat exchange compartments 203A and 203B.
• the partition wall 207 then makes it possible to separate the heat transfer fluids circulating in the two heat exchange compartments 203A and 203B, and no longer to separate the thermal storage materials from the two heat exchange compartments 203A, 203B as in FIG. first or second embodiment.
• FIGS. 8 and 9 show a fourth embodiment of a thermal battery 301.
• the fourth embodiment differs from the third embodiment in the arrangement of the partition wall 307.
• the partition wall 307 is arranged substantially transversely to the longitudinal direction L of the thermal battery 301.
• the partition wall 307 is, in this example, arranged over the entire cross section of the enclosure 305.
• the elements 323, 325 respectively correspond to the elements 223, 225 of the third embodiment and are not described again.
• a fifth embodiment of a thermal battery 401 differs from the third embodiment in that the phase change material (s) are encapsulated in tanks 423 of generally spherical shape.
• the partition wall 407 may be arranged in the direction of the length of the thermal battery 401 as illustrated in FIG. 9 but also alternatively substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis L of the thermal battery 401. similarly to the fourth embodiment.
• the elements 425 respectively correspond to the elements 225 of the third embodiment and are not described again.
• Various embodiments of the thermal battery 1 have been described above,
• FIG. 11 is a schematic and simplified representation of the implementation of a thermal battery according to the invention in at least two thermal management loops, in particular of a motor vehicle.
• a thermal battery 1 according to the first embodiment is shown.
• a thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 according to one or other of the embodiments described above, can be used indifferently.
• the same thermal battery 1 according to the invention may in particular be arranged at both in several separate circuits.
• the same thermal battery 1 can be arranged in as many separate circuits as separate heat exchange compartments 3A, 3B that this thermal battery 1 has.
• the thermal battery 1 has two heat exchange compartments 3A and 3B, and is arranged in two circuits at a time.
• the thermal battery 1 is arranged both in a motor oil loop B1 and a transmission oil loop B2.
• the heat transfer fluids are respectively the engine oil and the transmission oil in this example.
• the heat transfer fluids may be of different types with different operating temperatures.
• a loop B 1 or B2 has for example:
• each loop B1, B2 can be connected in series according to the order described above.
• the heat transfer fluid outlet of a heat exchange compartment 3A, respectively 3B, of the heat battery 1 is for example connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet of a heat source 27, respectively 29, the heat transfer fluid outlet of the heat source 27 or 29 is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet of the associated pump 31, respectively 33, and the heat transfer fluid outlet of this pump 31 or 33 is connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet of the heat exchange compartment 3 A, respectively 3B, associated with the thermal battery 1.
• the heat exchange compartments 3A and 3B separated in a sealed manner at within the same thermal battery 1 can handle different operating temperatures and have different thermal storage materials, including phase change materials phase change temperatures different. This therefore allows use within distinct loops.
• the thermal battery 1 may include:
• phase change material with a phase change temperature of the order of 80 ° C.
• phase change material with a phase change temperature of the order of 50 ° C.
• the thermal battery 1 stores heat produced by one and / or the other heat source 27, 29.
• the energy stored in the heat battery 1 allows to quickly heat the transmission oil and / or engine oil. This rapid rise in temperature thus decreases the viscous forces and friction forces decreasing the fuel consumption accordingly.
• the thermal battery 1 can be implemented in one or more loops configured to enable,
• the thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 allows the use of one or more heat transfer fluids, and likewise of one or more thermal storage materials, such as phase change materials. Due to the presence of at least two heat exchange compartments 3A, 3B; 103A, 103B; 203A, 203B; 303A, 303B; 403A, 403B without any fluidic communication be it coolant or the material or materials of Thermal storage, the thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 becomes multi-f unction and can be used in at least two circuits or separate loops of the vehicle.
• Such a thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 also makes it possible to optimize the thermal storage capacity, while reducing heat losses to the outside.
• thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 may comprise within it several heat transfer fluids and / or thermal storage materials, the surfaces exposed to the ambient environment are reduced compared to the individual solutions of the prior art . Indeed, according to the form chosen, the inventors have found that it is possible to reduce the surfaces exposed to outward losses by more than 20% in the case of a thermal battery 1, 101, 201, 301, 401 with two separate heat exchange compartments 3A, 3B; 103A, 103B; 203A, 203B; 303A, 303B; 403A, 403B, and more than 30% in the case of three separate heat exchange compartments.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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• 2015
  • 2015-03-19 FR FR1552270A patent/FR3033946B1/fr active Active
• 2016
  • 2016-03-21 EP EP16713791.8A patent/EP3271677A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-03-21 KR KR1020177029875A patent/KR20170128559A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2016-03-21 WO PCT/EP2016/056149 patent/WO2016146851A1/fr active Application Filing

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