EP3269877A1 - Intermediate rail layer - Google Patents

Abstract

Rail intermediate layer, for arrangement between a railway sleeper and a rail, wherein the rail intermediate layer has an outer surface, and wherein the outer surface is at least partially formed by an adhesive layer or has these.

Description

The present invention relates to a rail liner for placement between a railway sleeper and a rail, and to a method for building a track superstructure.

Currently used rail pads are made of elastomeric materials. These have the property that they generate very high friction, especially between the rail bottom and the rail liner. This is a problem during installation, assembly and disassembly of rail spacers. In so-called rail pulling in the rail longitudinal direction before bracing and endless welding of the rails are often pulled by the high frictional forces the rail pads from the intended position between the rail bottom and the concrete sleeper ("intermediate layers hiking "). The drawing length can be up to 1 m. The rail liners pulled out in this way must be manually returned to their intended positions by high labor input.

From the prior art it is known in the sleeper factory an adhesive on z. B. apply the threshold top and stick the pads on the prepared threshold so. It is also known to provide intermediate layers with undercuts, which have lugs, projections or the like, which are intended to prevent withdrawal. However, both variants have proven to be insufficiently reliable in terms of positioning. in addition comes when gluing the rail liner on the concrete threshold that a stuck in this way rail liner is very difficult to remove from the concrete sleeper. This brings in particular the disadvantage that such a glued, worn rail intermediate layer can be replaced only with great effort.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a rail intermediate layer and a method for building a track superstructure, which eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages and in particular avoid the "intermediate layer hiking" and minimize the effort in the threshold production.

This object is achieved by a rail interlayer according to claim 1 and by a method for building a track superstructure according to claim 10. Further advantages and features will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description and the accompanying figure.

According to the invention, a rail intermediate layer designed to be arranged between a railroad tie and a rail, in particular on a rail underside, has an outer surface, wherein the outer surface is at least partially formed by or comprises an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer. Advantageously, the outer surface or surface of the rail intermediate layer thus at least partially an adhesive or an adhesive layer, in particular an adhesive layer, on or forms of these. In other words, the adhesive layer is provided on at least one of outer surfaces of the rail liner. Preferably, the rail intermediate layer has an (other / second) outer surface, which is not provided with the adhesive layer, but is preferably provided with a sliding layer. The outer surface provided with the adhesive layer is preferably the underside facing the railway sleeper, and the other or second outer surface is preferably the upper side facing the rail. The adhesive layer / adhesive layer can be produced by applying an additional material, for example in the form of an adhesive, be formed. However, the adhesive layer / adhesive layer may also be formed by the rail intermediate layer itself or by the material of the rail intermediate layer itself, for example by the rail interlayer being treated accordingly, or generally by a corresponding process control during the production of the rail interlayer. The different options will be discussed separately below.

The sliding layer described above is expediently designed such that it has a lower coefficient of friction with the rail material than the adhesive layer or adhesive layer, in particular as the remainder or main or predominant component of the rail interlayer. It is preferably provided that the sliding layer is a plastic coating, a hard rubber coating, a metal coating, a fabric coating or a composite coating. In the plastic coating or hard rubber coating (which may also consist of a synthetic hard rubber material) may be a plate or a foil, for example. Form-fitting and in particular materially connected to the (base) material of the rail intermediate layer and on this Way is attached. The thickness of a plate material may be between 0.2 mm and 5.0 mm. The thickness of a sheet material may be between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm. As a film comes z. As a coex film into consideration. A positive connection can, for. B. be a rivet, nail or screw.

In particular, it is provided that the adhesive layer and / or sliding layer in the installed state rests directly on the rail or threshold.

To prevent adhesion of the rail pads during storage and transport, the (adhesive) coated surface or outer surface with a protective layer, such. As a plastic film, be covered. This is then shortly before mounting, z. B. in sleeper, deducted. Appropriately, therefore, such a rail interposition does not have in the sleeper after application of an adhesive to the threshold, in particular on the threshold top, with these are glued. Thus, no additional manipulation (laborious application of an adhesive, ensuring a flat, uniform layer thickness, workplace pollution, etc.) in the sleeper plant is necessary.

According to one embodiment, the outer surface is an upper side or / and a lower side and / or a side surface of the rail interlayer. The upper side designates that side of the rail intermediate layer which is oriented towards the rail, in particular towards its rail foot. The underside is oriented towards the railway sleepers. With the side surfaces in particular those side surfaces are meant, which are oriented to the arranged next to the rail further fasteners or components of the track superstructure, such as the angled guide plates out. According to a preferred embodiment, in particular on the underside of the rail intermediate layer, an adhesive layer is provided, whereby the position of the rail intermediate layer can be fixed / retained during rail pulling, while on the upper side, which is directed towards the rail, a displacement of the rail is made possible or remains possible , in particular by a sliding layer is provided here.

The adhesive layer may in each case be formed over the entire surface or only partially or in regions. Under a sectoral training, for example, a strip or punctiform design meant. According to one embodiment, for example, a plurality of strip-shaped adhesive / adhesive strips extend substantially along a track direction or, alternatively, substantially perpendicular thereto. An oblique orientation, for example, at a 45 ° angle, is possible, the orientation may be dependent in particular on the installation position / mounting position of the rail intermediate position, for example, if the corresponding rail interposition is in the range of a curve or in the range of a gradient or a slope, etc. It has also proven to be advantageous in this context that the adhesive strips have a different width, for example, towards a center of the rail intermediate position wider or vice versa. Possible widths of the strips are z. In one area from about 5 to 80 mm, preferably 20 to 60 mm.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the partially configured adhesive layer is arranged in an edge region of the rail intermediate storage. As a result, the adhesive layer is advantageously arranged in an area in which it is exposed to external weather conditions in the mounted state. The result is that the adhesive effect, especially in the case of an adhesive layer, subsides, so that advantageously the adhesive effect on the period of assembly, in particular the time of the rail pulling, is limited. In particular, the edge region is to be understood as meaning an area which adjoins directly to an edge of the rail intermediate layer and preferably up to 10%, preferably 5% and particularly preferably up to 2.5% in the transverse direction or longitudinal direction, viewed in the transverse direction or longitudinal direction dimensioned overall width of the rail liner is limited. The longitudinal direction is predetermined here by the track direction, and the transverse direction by a direction perpendicular to the track direction. It is also conceivable that the partially configured adhesive layer extends circumferentially both in the longitudinal direction and transverse direction in the edge region. In other words, the adhesive layer is designed frame-shaped and extends only in the edge region. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that two, preferably only two, adhesive layers lie opposite one another in their respective edge regions in the longitudinal direction and / or transverse direction. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the adhesive layer is arranged only in the edge region. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that between two strip-shaped adhesive regions arranged in the edge region, further strip-shaped adhesion regions extending parallel to the edge profile are provided, which are arranged, for example, equidistant from one another. In this case, it is conceivable that the further strip-shaped adhesive areas seen in the longitudinal direction and / or transverse direction are thinner than the strip-shaped adhesive areas in the edge area.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the adhesive layer (40) is 0.05 to 0.95 times, preferably 0.15 to 0.85 times and particularly preferably covers 0.25 to 0.75 times a total area of the outer surface. As a result, it is advantageously possible to achieve an adhesion required for rail pulling, while at the same time the need for additional adhesive material or structuring on the rail intermediate layer can be kept comparatively low. In particular, an outer surface facing a side is understood to be one bounded by edges.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the rail intermediate layer has a recess in which the adhesive layer is arranged. As a result, the adhesive layer can preferably be lowered into the rail intermediate layer, in particular without the adhesive layer projecting beyond the remaining course of the outer surface. This has the positive effect that the rail pads are not increased in thickness by the adhesive layer.

According to various embodiments, the side surfaces may be covered over the entire surface with an adhesive layer, while the top and / or bottom are covered only partially or etc. Also, a reverse configuration is possible, in which then the side surface (s) is only partially covered /are. The adhesive layer on the side surfaces serves, in particular, to produce a certain adhesion / attachment to one or the laterally arranged guide elements of the rail fastening (such as angled guide plates), wherein the adhesive layer is formed or shaped such that a sufficiently high Liability / attachment is achieved.

According to one embodiment, it is also possible to realize at least one continuous adhesive layer, where by "continuous" it is meant that the adhesive layer extends from, for example, the underside into the adjacent side surface and optionally also into the upper side or vice versa. A continuous adhesive layer is thus designed such that it also covers the edges or is formed on these and not only on the "surfaces" of the rail intermediate layer. The application of the adhesive layer or adhesive layers For example, in such an embodiment, it may be easy to dip the rail pad into a corresponding adhesive material. For example, only the edge regions or only the corners dipped etc. Also by only partial vulcanization of the rail intermediate layer can be very effectively such an adhesive layer / adhesive layer are generated (see also the following comments).

According to one embodiment, a thickness of the adhesive layer is about 0.05 to 3 mm, in particular about 0.1 to 1 mm. The application of the adhesive layer can take place during (online) or after (offline) the production of the intermediate layer itself. According to preferred embodiments, a ratio of a thickness of the adhesive layer to a total thickness of the rail interlayer is in a range of about 0.001 to 0.3, in particular in a range of about 0.01 to 0.2.

According to one embodiment, the rail intermediate layer has on its respective outer surfaces a plurality of adhesive layers which differ in thickness / thickness. According to one embodiment, for example, the adhesive layer attached to the underside is thicker than the adhesive layer attached to the top layer, since the railway sleeper, which is usually made of concrete, has a higher roughness than the rail underside. Such a thicker adhesive layer can very well interlock positively in the rough concrete and thus allow an additional locking alone on a positive connection. A correspondingly thinner rail-side adhesive layer is designed such that sufficient adhesion to or on the rail is made possible. As already mentioned, an adhesive layer on the upper side may possibly also be omitted completely or a sliding layer may be provided there.

Optionally, the adhesive layers may also differ in their adhesive / adhesive properties, for example, the adhesive layer directed towards the threshold has a lower adhesive force / adhesive force. In combination with the aforementioned thicker design, this can be particularly advantageous for the disassembly of the rail intermediate, since the rail intermediate position due to the lower adhesive strength can be easily removed again. At the same time, however, it allows sufficient adhesion due to the form fit, which in particular is sufficiently high so as not to be displaced during rail pulling. According to one embodiment, the adhesive layer oriented towards the threshold is also softer than the adhesive layer directed towards the rail, whereby the advantage here is that the softer and optionally also thicker side adhesive layer in the (concrete) material of the railway sleeper can intervene, in particular can engage positively.

According to one embodiment, the rail intermediate layer has projections and / or recesses or recesses or undercuts for the form-fitting arrangement of the adhesive layer. The height of the projections or recesses or undercuts, recesses, etc. corresponds approximately to a height of the adhesive layer or is slightly smaller. The projections or recesses etc. allow an additional, in particular lateral, hold of the adhesive layer on the intermediate layer, be it on the upper side or on the lower side or also on the lateral surfaces. The adhesive layer encloses or embraces the projections or recesses and is thus held on the intermediate layer not only by an adhesive bond, effected by cohesion and adhesion of the adhesive layer, but also by positive locking.

According to one embodiment, an additional connecting layer is provided between the adhesive layer and the rail intermediate, which can be done by a chemical and / or a physical processing of the rail interlayer. While the aforementioned projections and / or recesses can fix the adhesive layer (s) in particular laterally, in that the adhesive layer extends between the projections and / or recesses (and on the rail intermediate layer), the connection layer in question is between the Rail intermediate layer and the adhesive layer arranged. The adhesive layer may also consist of projections and / or recesses in the form of knobs, undercuts, etc. The adhesive layer can also be formed in that the intermediate layer is chemically pretreated in such a way that the adhesive layer adheres as well as possible.

Such a chemical pretreatment may, for example, lead to a roughening of the surface of the rail interlayer, whereby the adhesion of the adhesive layer is improved.

According to various embodiments, the adhesive layer may consist of hot melt adhesive, solvent-based wet adhesive, contact adhesive, dispersion adhesive, water-based adhesive, plastisol, hotmelt and / or rubber. Conveniently, the adhesive layer or adhesive used to make the adhesive layer / adhesive layer comprises two phases, one phase providing higher adhesion than the other. According to one embodiment, the adhesive layer / adhesive layer is realized by an unvulcanized rubber layer, which is expediently made from SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber) and / or natural rubber. According to one embodiment, the rail liner as such, made of z. B. SBR, EPDM and / or natural rubber, only partially or partially vulcanized, wherein the unvulcanized part forms the adhesive layer / adhesive layer.

According to one embodiment, an adhesive layer consists of a plurality of adhesive layers / adhesive layers, wherein the different adhesive layers may be distinguished by a different thickness or by different adhesive materials, for example selected from the previous list. The layers may also differ in terms of their adhesion, with z. For example, the layer which is oriented closer to the rail intermediate layer has a higher adhesive strength than the layer or layers which are oriented closer to the rail, to the sill or to the angled guide plates. This advantageously allows a clean and easy dismantling of the rail liner worn after a few years.

Namely, it is particularly advantageous if the adhesive layer / adhesive layer is formed such that the adhesive properties or adhesion in general, in particular caused by cohesion and / or adhesion, with time decrease. Preferably, the adhesive material is selected or the adhesive layer dimensioned or positioned so that during the installation phase (rail pulling) the strongest possible connection between the intermediate layer and the concrete sleeper is achieved. During the further period of use, the liability z. As by penetrating water and dust or heat exposure, both in terms of adhesion to the railway sleeper and with respect to the adhesion to the rail. When changing the liner or disassembly, the liability is then advantageously reduced so much that a simple manual replacement of the liner is guaranteed. This advantage is already met by the rail interposition in question as such, as between the arranged on the underside of the rail intermediate layer adhesive layer and the (rail) threshold quasi "automatically" no 100% full-surface connection is given. This is because the adhesive layer / adhesive layer formed on the rail interlayer has a certain dimensional stability, whereby small holes, voids, etc. always remain between the sill and the adhesive layer. If the glue is applied liquid to the railway sleeper, this is just not the case. Exactly these holes and cavities etc., however, lead to the fact that the adhesion of the rail liner on the railway sleeper advantageously decreases over time, as in the holes penetrating water, dust, etc. reduce the adhesive force / adhesive force.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the decrease in adhesive properties is attributed to a half-life, the half-life preferably being between 2 and 18 months, preferably between 10 and 16 months and particularly preferably between 12 and 14 months. In this case, the half-life denotes that duration after which an adhesive force has fallen to half of its original value.

• Aufbringen einer Haftschicht auf eine Schienenzwischenlage;
• Anordnen der Schienenzwischenlage auf einer Bahnschwelle oder an einer Schiene, insbesondere einen Schienenfuß.

The invention is also directed to a method for constructing a track superstructure, comprising the steps:

• Applying an adhesive layer to a rail liner;
• Arranging the rail liner on a railroad tie or on a rail, in particular a rail foot.

Advantageously, therefore, no coating of a railway sleeper, for example, with an adhesive, but the adhesive layer is first applied to the rail intermediate layer or "generated" there (see Vulcanization), in which case an arrangement at the top and / or at the bottom and / or or on the corresponding side surfaces can take place. In this respect, the arrangement of the adhesive layer takes place virtually automatically when arranging the rail intermediate layer. It therefore eliminates a complete step, while increasing the product quality. It is thus much easier to produce a rail intermediate layer with a constantly thick adhesive layer / adhesive layer, for example, than to prepare a railway sleeper in such a way that the adhesive layer is as constant as possible.

For the method according to the invention, the advantages and features mentioned in relation to the rail interlayer apply analogously and correspondingly and vice versa.

Further advantages and features will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of a rail intermediate with reference to the accompanying figure.

• Figur 1: eine Schnittdarstellung durch einen Gleisoberbau.

It shows:

• FIG. 1 : a sectional view through a track superstructure.

Fig. 1 shows in a sectional view of a railway sleeper 10, which extends substantially transverse to a rail or track direction S. Along the rail or track direction S, a rail 12 extends between the rail 12 and the railway sleeper 10, an intermediate layer 20 is arranged. In the embodiment shown here, adhesive layers / adhesive layers 40 are arranged both on an upper side 22 and on an underside 24 of the rail intermediate layer 20. These are in the embodiment shown here in particular arranged over the entire surface, but could also be partially formed. Side surfaces 26 of the rail intermediate layer 20, which are oriented towards the laterally arranged angled guide plates 14, are in the embodiment shown here not provided with an adhesive layer. However, these could also be provided partially or completely with an adhesive layer in order to additionally fix the rail intermediate layer in relation to the laterally arranged angled guide plates 14.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

sleeper

12

rail

14

Angled guide plate

20

Rail pad

22

top

24

bottom

26

side surface

40

Adhesive layer, adhesive layer

S

Rail / track direction

Claims (13)

Rail Intermediate (20),
for the arrangement between a railway sleeper (10) and a rail (12), wherein the rail intermediate layer (20) has an outer surface, and wherein the outer surface is at least partially formed by or has an adhesive layer (40). A track liner (20) according to claim 1,
wherein the outer surface is a top (22) and / or a bottom (24) and / or a side surface (26) of the rail liner (20). Rail intermediate layer (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a partially configured adhesive layer (40) in an edge region of the rail intermediate tray (20) is arranged. A rail pad (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive layer (40) is 0.05 to 0.95 times, preferably 0.15 to 0.85 times and more preferably 0.25 to 0.75 times one Total area of the outer surface covered. A rail tie (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rail liner (20) has a recess in which the adhesive layer (40) is disposed. Rail intermediate layer (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive layer (40) is formed in each case over the entire surface. Rail intermediate layer (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive layer (40) in regions, in particular strip and / or punctiform, is formed. A track liner (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a thickness of the adhesive layer (40) is in a range of about 0.05 to 3 mm. Rail intermediate layer (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rail intermediate layer has projections and / or recesses for the form-fitting arrangement of the adhesive layer (40). Rail intermediate layer (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a bonding layer is provided between the adhesive layer (40) and the rail intermediate layer (20). A rail pad (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive layer is formed of hot melt adhesive, solvent-based wet adhesive, contact adhesive, dispersion adhesive, water-based adhesive, plastisol, hotmelt, and / or rubber. Rail intermediate layer (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive layer (40) is designed or selected such that the adhesive properties, in particular cohesion and / or adhesion, decrease with time. Method for building a track superstructure: comprising the steps: - Applying an adhesive layer (40) on a rail intermediate layer (20); - Arranging the rail intermediate layer (20) on a railway sleeper (10) or on a rail (12), in particular a rail foot.

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