Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
  • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
  • F03D7/026—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for starting-up
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
  • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
  • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
  • F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
  • F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
  • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for operating a wind energy plant. Moreover, the present invention relates to a wind turbine and a park with multiple wind turbines.
• Wind turbines in particular horizontal axis wind turbines according to the present invention, are known. They extract energy from the wind and convert it into electrical energy, which can be referred to simply as the generation of electrical energy or the generation of electrical power.
• wind turbines As long as such wind turbines are in operation, they thus generate power that is usually fed into an electrical supply network. However, part of the power generated is used to supply operating facilities. In addition to the supply of the control system, so a control computer or the like, and operating equipment are available, which sometimes require a little more power.
• This includes an azimuth adjusting device, ie an adjusting device with which the wind energy plant can be tracked in its orientation to the wind.
• means for adjusting the rotor blades include this, so with which the rotor blades can be adjusted in their angle of attack, which is also referred to as pitching or adjusting the pitch angle.
• German Patent and Trademark Office has in the priority application for the present application the following state of the art research: DE 10 2012 204 239 A1, US 2008/0084070 A1, the article “offshore wind farm Riffgat launches without cable”, magazin magazin and the Article “The sign citizens send their regards Diesel engines power wind turbines", n-tv.de.
• the present invention is therefore based on the object to address at least one of the above-mentioned problems.
• a solution is to be proposed which is suitable that as much power as possible can be taken from the wind and as little as possible power or energy is given away from the wind.
• At least an alternative solution should be proposed over previously known solutions.
• a method according to claim 1 is proposed. This method is thus provided for operating a wind power installation which has an aerodynamic rotor with an approximately horizontal axis of rotation, an electric generator and a wind turbine. comprises driving devices.
• the wind turbine is designed to feed electrical energy into an electrical supply network and it is kept ready in a starting state for starting the generator, while the generator can not be started.
• the reason why the generator can not be started may be that there is not enough wind.
• Another or additional possibility is that it can not or must not be fed into the electrical supply network. It can not be fed into the electrical supply network, especially if at least temporarily there is no connection. It can not be fed even if there is a fault in the network, in particular the network has collapsed in the electrical engineering sense.
• a wind energy plant may not feed into the grid when the grid frequency deviates, for example, by 2% from the rated frequency.
• the wind turbine uses energy from at least one energy store to be held in the starting state for starting the generator.
• energy storage can be filled during operation of the wind turbine by this, so that the removal of expensive electricity from the electrical supply network is avoided.
• the wind turbine can therefore be started immediately as soon as boundary conditions permit and immediately generate energy. This is so far additional energy to a type of operation, in which the wind turbine only makes ready for starting when the conditions for starting already exist.
• keeping the wind turbine in the starting state includes at least one of the following actions: heating the wind turbine, in particular rotor blades of the rotor to prevent ice accumulation or defrosting ice and aligning the wind turbine in the wind. Aligning the wind turbine with the wind, thus adjusting the azimuth position to the wind, does not necessarily require a great deal of energy, especially not when there are stable weather conditions in which the wind direction does not change constantly.
• a tolerance angle by which the current orientation can deviate from the optimum orientation of the azimuth position until the azimuthal position is readjusted can be selected greater than in normal operation.
• this angle here at least 10 degrees, preferably at least 20 degrees.
• the wind turbine could then start immediately with sufficient wind or the elimination of other obstacles, possibly with a not quite optimal len azimuth position. However, this can then be adjusted very quickly and possibly also already with energy that the wind energy plant can already generate itself.
• heating generally requires comparatively much energy and, on the other hand, modern wind energy plants have very large rotor blades and thus very large areas where ice accumulation can occur, which leads to correspondingly large-area heating.
• the proposed method is characterized in that the wind turbine is adjusted to align with the wind in its azimuth angle as soon as its azimuth orientation deviates from an optimal orientation in the wind by more than a tolerance angle, and / or deviates longer than a predetermined waiting time in which the size of the tolerance angle and / or the size of the waiting time depends on whether the generator is in operation and / or how large the wind speed is, in particular the size of the tolerance angle and / or the size of the waiting time is the greater the smaller the wind speed.
• the assumption of a larger tolerance angle may be sufficient and, in addition or in addition, it may be sufficient to wait a while until the tracking is performed. At particularly low wind speeds, a longer time may be required to adjust the position. The same applies to the tolerance angle, which can be set larger. Especially if the wind speed is so small that the wind turbine can not yet be put into operation at present, the wind speed is at most so great that you can even determine their direction, a very restrained tracking can be sufficient.
• the tracking should be less restrained, especially since there is already enough wind to operate the system. So in this case, if an obstacle that opposes the operation is omitted, for example, if a cloud ends a shadow, the system can be operated immediately and with good azimuth setting.
• the wind turbine is oriented in the wind, ie an adjustment of the azimuth position, based on a wind direction transmitted by a measuring mast or a value station.
• the method is characterized in that a first tolerance angle and / or a first waiting time are selected when the generator is in operation, and a second tolerance angle and / or a second waiting time are selected when the generator is not in operation, and optionally a third tolerance angle and / or a third waiting time are selected when the generator is not in operation and the wind speed direction is obtained from a measuring mast or a weather station.
• the third tolerance angle is greater than the second and the second tolerance angle is greater than the first one.
• the third waiting time is greater than the second and the second waiting time is greater than the first.
• a heating device in particular of the rotor blades, be started if, based on a weather forecast, sufficient wind for operating the wind turbine including the generator within a preparation period is to be expected, in particular so strong and lasting wind that the wind Heating the rotor blades needed energy can be generated again.
• a heating device in particular a heating device of the rotor blades, is thus started, especially in anticipation of the fact that the wind energy plant can probably soon be put into operation.
• energy is first invested in the heating of the plant, especially the rotor blades, assuming that the plant can soon be operated and that the energy used for this has also been generated again soon.
• An essential aspect of the invention is therefore to make the wind turbine, in particular the generator, ready to start at a time and / or ready to start, to which he can not even start. This can take place deliberately in anticipation of a quick start, and / or permanently.
• the start-up of the generator is ultimately a start clearing the wind turbine as a whole.
• the start-up of the generator is also to make the wind turbine ready to go.
• the alignment of the nacelle of the wind turbine especially if this is somewhat more restrained than in normal operation, also permanently possible.
• energy-intensive preparation measures such as the heating of the rotor blades, is considered to make this only if it is expected to start the generator before another or many more times the sheet must be heated.
• ice accumulation occurs especially at temperatures around and just below freezing.
• humid air is needed for such an ice accumulation and usually wind is required to expect such an ice accumulation.
• a control to prevent ice accumulation could also be operated permanently, even if the system is not operated.
• the Ice Prevention Control takes into account whether ice formation is to be expected at all. Taking into account that wind is often required in order for an ice accumulation to occur, it is also frequently to be expected that suitable environmental conditions for operating the wind energy plant, ie for switching on the generator, are not very far away, if an ice accumulation suspects.
• a method is proposed in which a controller for preventing and / or removing an ice accumulation is also operated when the generator is not in operation.
• the method is characterized in that a starting time is calculated or predicted, in which it is to be expected that the wind turbine, in particular the generator can be started and a predetermined lead time before the start time, the wind turbine is brought into a start state for starting the generator and is kept therein until the start of the generator.
• a start time is first calculated or predicted. This may, for example, be based on a weather forecast if the start time is the time at which sufficient wind is available again. However, this can also be a time when non-operation is based on a noise emission ban and this noise emission ban is eliminated at a certain point in time.
• This start time which is calculated or predicted there, can later deviate from an actually possible start time. Possibly contrary to such a calculation, the start of the wind turbine completely or initially at least for a long time eliminated. In any case, such a start time is calculated, especially in the case of the basis of a weather forecast could also be spoken by the prognosis of such a start time.
• a lead time is predefined, which can always be the same for each specific plant and thus can form a constant.
• this lead time may also depend on boundary conditions, for example, it may be larger in winter than in summer, to take into account the process of deicing.
• the wind turbine is then proposed to make the wind turbine ready earlier than at the start time with this lead time.
• This may mean, for example, to start with a de-icing, to align the wind turbine in its azimuth position to the wind and / or adjust the rotor blades in their angle of attack to the wind accordingly.
• the wind turbine is ready to start and is kept in this state until it can actually be started.
• the lead time is chosen to be greater, in particular at least twice as large as would be necessary for preparing the wind turbine for starting.
• the lead time is chosen to be greater, in particular at least twice as large as would be necessary for preparing the wind turbine for starting.
• a wind turbine is also proposed, which is prepared to carry out at least one method according to one of the embodiments described above.
• the wind turbine or an associated electrical system network has at least one energy storage for storing energy and for delivering electrical energy, wherein the energy storage is dimensioned so that it has sufficient energy to heat the Can store rotor blades of the wind turbine, in particular so much energy can store that completely iced rotor blades can be defrosted, and / or store so much energy that the rotor blades with maximum heat output for a predetermined heating period can be heated, the heating period preferably at least one hour, in particular at least 3 hours.
• the wind turbine with an energy storage, which may also be available via a connected electrical system network of the wind turbine to provide sufficient energy therein to heat the rotor blades.
• an energy store is preferably sufficiently large to also operate further operating devices of the wind energy plant, while the wind energy plant itself is not in operation. This includes in particular the operation of an azimuth adjustment and / or the operation of pitch adjustments for the rotor blades in order to align them in their angle of attack to the wind.
• the proportion of energy required to heat the rotor blades should be significantly higher than the energy for other applications. Accordingly, it is proposed here to dimension the size of the energy store at the required energy for the heating of rotor blades.
• a dimensioning is carried out so that sufficient energy for heating the rotor blades with maximum heating power for a predetermined heating period can be stored.
• This heating period is preferably set to at least one hour, in particular at least three hours.
• the maximum heating power for the existing heating devices for the rotor blades is a predetermined known value of each wind turbine and over the predetermined period of time thus the energy storage is clearly dimensioned.
• a wind farm which has at least two wind turbines, as described above according to the embodiment.
• this wind farm has one or more energy storage.
• This one energy storage or the sum of all available energy storage of the wind farm is dimensioned so that all the rotor blades of all wind turbines in the park can be heated for a correspondingly predetermined heating period and / or that sufficient with the energy of such a sum of the energy of all energy storage in the park to defrost all rotor blades of all wind turbines in the park.
• Figure 1 shows a wind turbine schematically.
• FIG. 2 shows a wind farm schematically.
• FIG. 3 shows four timing diagrams for illustrating an example heating process according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a wind energy plant 100 with a tower 102 and a nacelle 104.
• a rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110 is arranged on the nacelle 104.
• the rotor 106 is set into rotary motion by the wind and thereby drives a generator in the nacelle 104.
• FIG. 2 shows a wind farm 1 12 with, by way of example, three wind turbines 100, which may be the same or different.
• the three wind turbines 100 are therefore representative of virtually any number of wind turbines of a wind farm 1 12.
• the wind turbines 100 make their performance, namely in particular the generated electricity via an electric parking network 1 14 ready.
• the respective generated currents or outputs of the individual wind turbines 100 are added up and usually a transformer 1 16 is provided, which transforms the voltage in the park, to then at the feed point 1 18, which is also commonly referred to as PCC, in the supply network 120th feed.
• Fig. 2 is only a simplified representation of a wind farm 1 12, for example, shows no control, although of course there is a controller.
• FIG. 3 shows schematically in the bottom diagram a possible course of a wind speed. Accordingly, the wind speed V w for the first 180 minutes, so three hours, below a recorded starting wind speed, which is given here simplifying with two meters per second. The exact values of the wind speed are not important here. Nevertheless, the diagrams of FIG. 3 attempt to represent a course which is realistic even for the numerical values. Nevertheless, the representations are schematic and also the relationships shown and explained are to be understood as schematic relationships and in particular can also be inaccurate character.
• the wind speed V w then increases so that it exceeds the starting wind speed V wst art.
• the wind speed has settled at a value of about 10 meters per second.
• a nominal wind speed is set at 12 meters per second and the wind speed remains so even after 240 minutes still below the rated wind speed.
• the illustration thus shows a quite realistic case in which the wind speed increases from very weak, namely so weak that the wind energy plant can not even be operated, to a higher value, but which is still below the nominal wind speed V WN .
• the diagram above shows the power P G generated by the generator of the wind turbine.
• the index G was chosen to illustrate the difference to the heating power P H in the diagram above.
• the generator can not generate power for the first three hours because the wind is too weak. After three hours, then the wind speed is strong enough that the generator can be started, which was not possible before. The generator will So then started and generated according to the wind speed V w a corresponding performance.
• This diagram shows an example of the generated power in MW and here it is assumed that a wind turbine with a nominal power P N of 2 MW, which today is more of a wind turbine of medium or even smaller size. Also, because the wind speed V w does not reach its rated wind speed V WN , the power P G generated by the generator does not reach its rated power value P N of 2 MW.
• This power P G is initially low, because the wind speed is still very low.
• the linear increase of the line P G is idealizing. The course could also look a bit different, but would probably run so similar when the wind speed V w behaves as shown.
• the third diagram from below shows an exemplary course of a heating power P H , which is also indicated in MW, wherein the same dimensioning was selected as for the representation of the generator power P G.
• This diagram of the heating power P H shows an increase in the heating power P H at 30 minutes from zero to 0.2 MW, ie 200 kW. These 200 kW are for the exemplary example the nominal value for the heating power P H N-
• This diagram is based on the consideration that the wind turbine has determined at the marked 30 minutes that the rotor blades are to be de-iced, because an ice accumulation was detected.
• the controller then performs defrosting, in which the rotor blades are heated, which in the assumed example requires 200 kW heating power.
• This heating of the rotor blades is thus carried out, although the wind turbine is not in operation and due to the low wind speed can not be put into operation.
• the generator can therefore not be put into operation, not even to provide the heating power available.
• This heating power is required for one and a half hours, ie from 30 to 120 minutes. At 120 minutes, the deicing is completed successfully and the heating of the rotor blades is turned off, so that the Heating power P H again assumes the value zero.
• the wind speed is still at a value at which the generator can not be started.
• the uppermost diagram is intended to represent the energy balance of the wind energy plant, taking into account only the power P G generated by the generator and the heating power P H consumed by the heating device. It is assumed that at 30 minutes as start value the energy balance is zero. The course of the energy is marked with E.
• the heating process begins and lasts for one and a half hours. Accordingly, 300 kWh are consumed. At 120 minutes, the energy balance is negative with this -300 kWh. This value remains for another hour, namely up to 180 minutes, because in this time neither heating power P H is consumed, nor generator power P G is generated.
• the generator can now be started because the wind speed has just exceeded the starting wind speed V WS tart.
• the rotor blades are ent, and otherwise the wind turbine is otherwise ready for use according to the invention and the power can thus be generated immediately according to the existing wind speed. This has already been described above.
• the energy E or energy balance increases. After a little more than 40 minutes, the generator has generated as much energy as was consumed by the heating of the rotor blades. The performance increases even further and the energy, as integral of the performance over time, increases accordingly a little more. At 270 minutes, ie one and a half hours after the start of the generator, the energy is then at about 900 kWh.
• the energy balance is now one and a half hours after the wind speed was high enough to run the wind turbine, a clearly positive energy balance.
• One and a half hours is also the time that the rotor blades were heated, namely from 30 to 120 minutes, so that in this presentation, one and a half hours were needed to de-ice the leaves and thus make the wind turbine ready to go. If the heating and defrosting of the rotor blades had not already taken place, the wind turbine would have had to start at 180 minutes. Since the heating process shown has already heated at nominal power, that is to say nominal power P H N of the heating device, a deicing iron would be at 180 minutes, not faster. In other words, the wind turbine would have been ready for launch at 270 minutes at the earliest.
• This process of FIG. 3, which is illustrated schematically, is particularly efficient when the energy required for heating can be taken from an energy store which the wind energy plant initially charged itself with electrical energy. In this case, no expensive energy would have to be purchased from the network for the heating process. Incidentally, it would also not necessarily be helpful to remove energy from the network for heating at low wind speeds, which means that little wind power is fed into the grid anyway. Nevertheless, this would of course be an option, should there be no energy storage or the energy storage is not filled.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)
• Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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• 2015
  • 2015-03-02 DE DE102015203629.4A patent/DE102015203629A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2016
  • 2016-02-23 KR KR1020177028026A patent/KR102064572B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2016-02-23 WO PCT/EP2016/053728 patent/WO2016139082A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2016-02-23 JP JP2017546062A patent/JP6590938B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2016-02-23 US US15/553,883 patent/US10487801B2/en active Active
  • 2016-02-23 CA CA2977926A patent/CA2977926C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2016-02-23 BR BR112017018849-0A patent/BR112017018849A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2016-02-23 EP EP16707014.3A patent/EP3265673A1/de active Pending
  • 2016-02-23 CN CN201680013722.8A patent/CN107407257B/zh active Active
  • 2016-03-01 AR ARP160100528A patent/AR103814A1/es unknown
  • 2016-03-01 UY UY0001036572A patent/UY36572A/es unknown
  • 2016-03-01 TW TW105106224A patent/TW201643317A/zh unknown

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