EP3262466A1 - Procédé de calcul numérique de la diffraction d'une structure - Google Patents
Procédé de calcul numérique de la diffraction d'une structureInfo
- Publication number
- EP3262466A1 EP3262466A1 EP16714972.3A EP16714972A EP3262466A1 EP 3262466 A1 EP3262466 A1 EP 3262466A1 EP 16714972 A EP16714972 A EP 16714972A EP 3262466 A1 EP3262466 A1 EP 3262466A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- index
- wave
- layers
- diffraction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/7015—Details of optical elements
- G03F7/70158—Diffractive optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70316—Details of optical elements, e.g. of Bragg reflectors, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] multilayer or bilayer mirrors or diffractive optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70491—Information management, e.g. software; Active and passive control, e.g. details of controlling exposure processes or exposure tool monitoring processes
- G03F7/705—Modelling or simulating from physical phenomena up to complete wafer processes or whole workflow in wafer productions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/11—Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
- G06F17/12—Simultaneous equations, e.g. systems of linear equations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/7095—Materials, e.g. materials for housing, stage or other support having particular properties, e.g. weight, strength, conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient
- G03F7/70958—Optical materials or coatings, e.g. with particular transmittance, reflectance or anti-reflection properties
Definitions
- the invention relates to the diffusion / diffraction of an electromagnetic wave by complex material structures, and in particular the modeling of diffusion / diffraction properties and the numerical calculation of diffusion / diffraction for heterogeneous structures and of considerable thickness compared to at the wavelength.
- the modeling aims to calculate the diffraction of a structure characterized by the spatial distribution of the dielectric permittivity defined along different axes at each point of the structure.
- the electromagnetic modeling of a structure is carried out in the state of the art to allow either an approximate resolution method, a statistical resolution method, or an exact resolution method.
- the structure to be modeled is decomposed into a set of N contiguous layers and M orders. of diffraction.
- the diffusion matrix Si of each index layer i is calculated and makes it possible to express the outgoing field amplitudes as a function of the amplitudes incident on the two faces of this layer. It can thus be noted that an outgoing amplitude of a layer constitutes an incidental amplitude for an adjacent layer.
- a matrix S for the component is formed by combining all the matrices Si of the different layers.
- EP2302360 discloses a method of modeling the diffraction properties of periodic microscopic structures and a method of calculating associated diffraction.
- the method expresses the problem by an integral volume form of a vector field replacing the electric field.
- the vector field is obtained from the electric field by a base change, so as to present a continuity to the limits of the material.
- Convolutions are performed on the vector field using convolution operators, according to Laurent's finite series. It is thus possible to produce matrix products by means of fast Fourier transformations.
- An operator of convolution and Base change is configured to transform the vector field to the desired electric field, via a base change depending on the material and geometry properties of the periodic structure.
- the modeling method splits the structure into different flat layers parallel to an XY plane in a Cartesian XYZ coordinate system. Each layer has a respective thickness in the Z direction.
- a two-dimensional diffraction grating is modeled by a periodic variation of the dielectric permittivity of a layer according to two different directions defined by vectors of the network in the XY plane.
- the resolution process transforms the wave equation into an implicit integral equation.
- the resolution process then converts the wave equation into reciprocal space along the X and Y axes. Because of the division of the structure into layers of the same thicknesses, the integral formulation can be expressed as equations. matrices, corresponding to sums of harmonics and expressing the stacking of layers in the form of sums. The components of the normal and tangent electric field are then separated. A block-Toplitz form of the matrices can be established without requiring matrix inversions. The resolution then consists in performing a matrix inversion of a matrix that can be expressed as products of block-diagonal matrices and Toplitz-block matrices.
- Matrix inversion is in practice computed by matrix multiplications, with a method of solving iterative linear equations of GMRES type, rather than by a direct calculation of matrix inversion.
- the block-Toplitz form makes it possible to carry out calculations by fast Fourier transformation, with a calculation time then substantially proportional to M, and a digital memory utilization substantially proportional to M also.
- the calculation time obtained with this resolution method is proportional to N for simple and not very thick structures.
- the calculation time and the memory occupancy increase rapidly with the thickness of the layers of the structure to be modeled.
- a large number of iterations is then necessary to obtain a convergence of the iterative method, which results in a significant increase in computing time and digital memory. necessary.
- the resolution method is poorly suited for structures with heterogeneities of very different layers in the structure, which calls into question certain assumptions of the resolution method.
- the calculation remains demanding in the amount of digital memory used, the resolution data of the entire structure to be stored throughout the calculation. This amount of computing memory required greatly limits the thickness of the structures that can be modeled.
- the document US6898537 describes a method for the numerical calculation of the diffraction of a structure.
- a numerical model of the structure defines the dielectric permittivity at each point of it.
- the method defines a numerical modeling of a diffraction pattern of the structure including splitting the model into a number N of digital models of respective superimposed planar layers.
- the method determines the diffraction pattern of each of the layers from the digital dielectric permittivity model of this layer.
- the method describes the numerical computation of the diffraction of the structure, based on the propagation of a wave across the layers in a given direction.
- the document EP1804126 describes a method for the numerical calculation of the diffraction of a structure, a numerical model of which defines the dielectric permittivity at each point.
- This method comprises the definition of a numerical modeling of a diffraction pattern of the structure.
- This definition of numerical modeling includes the splitting of the digital dielectric permittivity model of the structure into a number N of digital dielectric permittivity models of superimposed flat layers.
- the invention aims to solve one or more of these disadvantages.
- the invention thus relates to a method of numerical calculation of the diffraction of a structure of which a numerical model defines the dielectric permittivity at each point, as defined in the appended claims.
- FIG 1 is a sectional view of an example of structure to be modeled split into different layers
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an example of a simplified structure of the OLED type, to be modeled, divided into different layers;
- FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents a system configured to model and numerically calculate the diffraction of a structure
- FIGS. 4 and 6 schematically represent various parameters calculated during a first phase of a calculation method
- FIGS. 5 and 7 schematically represent various parameters calculated during a subsequent phase of the calculation method
- FIGS. 8 and 9 schematically represent various parameters calculated during a first iteration of a calculation method according to another variant
- FIGS. 10 and 11 represent schematically different parameters calculated during subsequent iterations of a calculation method according to this other variant
- FIGS. 12 and 13 schematically represent various parameters calculated during a first iteration of a calculation method according to yet another variant
- FIG. 14 illustrates a logic diagram of an example of a method for the numerical calculation of the diffraction of a structure.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of an example of a structure 1 to be modeled.
- the structure 1 here has a parallelepiped structure with a flat upper face and a lower face on which electromagnetic waves can be incident.
- the structure 1 here comprises different zones, for example made of different materials having distinct dielectric permittivity distributions.
- a numerical model of the dielectric permittivity of structure 1 at each point is known.
- the dielectric permittivity of structure 1 is therefore determined at each of its points, or determinable by a law (distribution, for example) in each of its points.
- a first aspect of the invention aims to define a numerical model of the diffraction of structure 1 for the application of incident electromagnetic waves on the upper face and / or the lower face.
- the invention aims in particular to define such a numerical model to allow a diffraction calculation whose amount of digital memory used is proportional to a number M of diffraction orders considered.
- the invention may be implemented by a digital processing system 2 illustrated in FIG. 3.
- Such a digital processing system 2 may for example include a computing device 21 (for example a server equipped with an operating system and appropriate computing applications), a storage device 22 of the digital dielectric permittivity model of the structure 1, and a storage device 23 for calculation results.
- the storage device 23 may, for example, store digital models (detailed below) of diffraction of different layers of the structure 1 or the digital diffraction model of the whole of the structure 1.
- An example of a numerical modeling method may be the following.
- the numerical model of dielectric permittivity of structure 1 is first split into a number N of digital dielectric permittivity models.
- Each of these digital dielectric permittivity models corresponds to a respective flat layer of the structure 1, the different layers being superimposed in a direction perpendicular to the upper and lower faces of the structure 1.
- Each of these layers is subsequently identified by its index i, the index i increasing between the lower face and the upper face of the structure 1 with values between 1 and N, as illustrated in FIG.
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of another example of a structure 1 to be modeled.
- Figure 2 corresponds to a simplified diagram of an OLED type structure.
- the different layers of the digital model are here chosen according to the functions of the different layers of the structure 1, these different layers typically having different thicknesses.
- the numerical models of the different layers of the structure 1 may therefore for example include a digital model of an air layer 11, a digital model of a glass layer 12, a digital model of a diffusion layer 13, a digital model of a transparent electrode 14, a digital model of a polymer layer 15, a digital model of an emitting layer 16, a digital model of a polymer layer 17 and a numerical model of a metal electrode 18.
- the number of layers N is chosen so that each layer is sufficiently fine so that a diffraction pattern of each layer can be determined from its numerical model of dielectric permittivity, and so that the diffraction pattern of each layer can be calculated with a numeric memory occupancy less than or equal to K * M.
- this number of layers N is chosen so that each layer is sufficiently fine so that a diffraction pattern of each layer can be calculated in a time less than or equal to K * M * log (M).
- K is a factor independent of M, typically a constant.
- the determination of the diffraction model of each layer can for example be implemented by the method called GSM (for Generalized Source Method in English) thereafter, and described in the document 'New fast and memory-sparing method for rigorous electromagnetic analysis of 2D periodic dielectric structures, Shcherbakov and Tishchenko, published in Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer on pages 158-171.
- GSM Generalized Source Method in English
- the diffraction model of each layer i can for example be noted as a linear operator ⁇ such that:
- the operator U can be obtained by the generalized source method (GSM) described in AA Shcherbakov, AV Tishchenko, "New fast and memory-sparing method for rigorous electromagnetic analysis of 2D periodic dielectric structures", J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transfer 1 13, 158-171 (2012) or by an analytical formulation for very thin layers with respect to the wavelength described in AV Tishchenko, "Analytical solutions of 2D grating diffraction: GSM versus Rayleigh hypothesis," Proc.
- GSM generalized source method
- a diffraction calculation of at least one incident wave is made from the diffraction patterns of the N layers.
- diffraction calculations can be made for different incident waves from these diffraction patterns.
- a propagation calculation is made in parallel by applying an incident wave on the layer 1 and a propagation calculation by applying an incident wave on the N layer.
- digital memory can be further optimized that with this first variant (here a memory occupancy proportional to 2M * (N + 1)), it nevertheless proves to be particularly suitable for being implemented by parallel computing means, for example processor systems or multiple graphics cards.
- an initial iteration (or iteration of index 0) of the process is illustrated with reference to FIG. 4.
- M incident diffraction orders whose amplitudes are contained in the vector / 0 ° are applied to the diffraction pattern of the layer 1, on its outer face.
- the M transmitted diffraction orders whose amplitudes are contained in the vector are calculated with this diffraction model, and the M reflected orders b ° are calculated and stored.
- the M transmitted orders calculated in the diffraction model of the index layer i are applied.
- the M transmitted orders f ° are also memorized. The memorized elements are illustrated inside dashed circles in Figure 4.
- Incident orders ° +1 are applied to the diffraction model of the N layer on its outer face.
- the transmitted commands c N ° are calculated with this diffraction model, and the reflex orders g N ° are calculated and stored.
- the transmitted orders calculated c +1 are applied to the diffraction model of the index layer i.
- the orders transmitted c ° are calculated, and the reflected orders g ° are calculated and stored.
- the transmitted commands c ° are also memorized.
- the memorized elements are illustrated inside dashed circles in Figure 6. During this initial iteration, the operator U is practically applied in the following way, in the absence of incidence:
- the output amplitudes of the initial iteration are calculated by adding the amplitudes of the incident orders on an external face and the amplitudes of the orders reflected by this same face:
- This initial iteration requires a computation time proportional to the number N of layers and requires a memory occupation proportional to 2M * (N + 1).
- the vector v of the amplitudes of the final solution containing the amplitudes of all the diffraction orders of all the layers is determined from the basic solution v ° by successive iterations. Each iteration is here followed by a convergence test, to determine if the solution vector of the iteration is a final solution.
- the solution sought adds the set of vectors of the iterations.
- a convergence test is carried out at the end of each iteration. The convergence test is part of a method of solving a system of linear equations defined by the implicit equation above.
- the resolution of the implicit equation is for example based on the GMRES method, usually used to iteratively obtain a numerical solution of a system of linear equations without matrix inversion.
- the GMRES method is notably described in the document 'Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems' by M. Saad, second edition of 'Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics', published in 2003 (ISBN 978-0-89871-534-7).
- the GMRES method usually seeks to solve the system of linear equations of the type:
- Matrix A is assumed to be invertible and of size (m x m). Moreover, we assume that b is normed, i.e.,
- 1,
- K n ⁇ Vect ⁇ ⁇ b, Ab, A 2 .b, A ⁇ n -> .b ⁇
- Vect corresponds to the generated vector subspace.
- the Arnoldi method also produces an upper Hessenberg matrix H n of size (n + 1) .x n with
- Each iteration of the GMRES algorithm usually includes:
- the asterisk * after a vector indicates its transposition with the conjugation.
- the solution x k is sought in the space W k as a linear superposition of the vectors ⁇ k taken with the coefficients y k :
- the error standard is calculated at each iterative algorithm step of the GMRES method.
- the calculated error standard is compared to a predefined threshold. Yes the calculated error standard is greater than the threshold, a new propagation iteration is calculated. If the calculated error standard is below the threshold, it is determined that the calculated solution is sufficiently close to the final solution to interrupt the propagation iterations.
- the GMRES method is applicable even with computing devices having limited memory resources, and the maximum thickness of the structure that can be modeled is greatly increased.
- the base vector v ° is enlarged by also including the amplitudes f ° and c °.
- index k> 0
- the final solution found by such an iterative method includes the amplitudes f N and c x .
- the amplitudes / and b at the output of the structure are found by addition with the reflected amplitudes of the initial iteration:
- This modification results in a larger memory occupancy, proportional to (N + 1) for each iteration, hence we do not need the final iteration, the total number of iterations is therefore reduced.
- the application of a propagation in one direction is sequentially carried out, then the orders reflected in the opposite direction are applied. This second variant makes it possible to optimize the use of the digital memory with a proportional occupation to M * (N + 1).
- the vector of the incident orders / 0 ° is applied to the diffraction model of the layer 1, on its external face.
- the transmitted commands are calculated with this diffraction model, and the reflected orders b ° are calculated and stored.
- the initial iteration is continued by the application of the incident orders ° +1 to the diffraction model of the layer N, on its external face.
- the transmitted commands c N ° are calculated with this diffraction model, and the orders reflected g N ° are calculated and memorized.
- the amplitude of the orders transmitted c ° is calculated, and the amplitudes of the reflected orders g ° are calculated and stored.
- the amplitudes of the transmitted commands c ° are also memorized.
- the memorized elements are illustrated inside dashed circles in FIG. 9.
- the output amplitudes of the initial iteration are calculated by adding between the amplitudes of the incident orders on an external face and the amplitudes of the orders reflected by this face:
- This initial iteration requires a computation time proportional to the number N of layers. Due to the release of the digital memory occupied by the computed orders b ° + 1 , this initial iteration requires a memory occupation proportional to M * (N + 1).
- the final solution vector v is determined from the base solution v ° by successive iterations. Each iteration is followed by a convergence test as detailed above, to determine if the solution vector of the iteration is a final solution.
- index k 0
- Each iteration requires a computation time proportional to the number N of layers and requires a memory occupation proportional to M * (N + 1).
- the convergence test also uses a method of solving a system of linear equations to search for the solution of this implicit equation without matrix inversion.
- the base vector v ° is enlarged by including the amplitudes f ° and c °.
- index k 0
- the amplitudes / and b at the output of the structure are found by addition with the reflected amplitudes of the initial iteration:
- This modification results in a larger memory occupancy, proportional to (N + 1) for each iteration, hence we do not need the final iteration, the total number of iterations is therefore reduced.
- a propagation calculation is carried out in parallel by applying an incident wave on the layer 1 and a propagation calculation by applying an incident wave on the N layer.
- the use of the digital memory remains the same as in the first variant (a memory occupancy proportional to 2M * (N + 1)), the propagation computation in the layers is more parallelizable, which proves to be particularly suitable to be implemented for a large number of parallel computing means (for example at least 4, or with a number of parallel computing means at least equal to a quarter of the number of layers N), for example systems with multiple processors or graphics cards.
- a large number of parallel computing means for example at least 4, or with a number of parallel computing means at least equal to a quarter of the number of layers N
- M incident diffraction orders whose amplitudes are contained in the vector / 0 ° are applied to the diffraction model of the layer 1, on its outer face.
- the M transmitted diffraction orders whose amplitudes are contained in the vector are computed with this diffraction model and stored, and the M orders b b ° are calculated and stored:
- Incident orders ° +1 are applied to the diffraction model of the N layer on its outer face.
- the orders transmitted here are calculated with this diffraction pattern and stored, and the reflected orders g N are calculated and stored.
- This initial iteration requires a calculation time of a layer since the calculation is parallelized and requires a memory occupancy proportional to 4M.
- the vector v of the amplitudes of the final solution is determined from the basic solution v ° by successive iterations. Each iteration is followed by a convergence test as detailed above to determine whether the solution vector of the iteration can be considered as a final solution.
- the convergence test also uses a method of solving a system of linear equations to search for the solution of this implicit equation without matrix inversion.
- a vector propagation g N _ x is carried out towards the N layer: and a vector propagation c x to layer 1
- This iteration requires a calculation time of a layer and requires a memory occupation proportional to 2M.
- the base vector v ° is enlarged by also including the amplitudes f ° and c °.
- index k 0
- the amplitudes / and b at the output of the structure are found by addition with the reflected amplitudes of the initial iteration:
- This modification results in a larger memory occupancy, proportional to (N + 1) for each iteration, hence we do not need the final iteration, the total number of iterations is therefore reduced.
- FIG. 14 schematically represents an example of a sequence of steps implemented in a method of numerical calculation of the diffraction of a structure.
- step 301 a numerical model of the dielectric permittivity of a structure is defined at each of its points.
- the digital dielectric permittivity model of the structure is divided into N digital dielectric permittivity models, each of these digital models each corresponding to a planar layer of the structure, these planar layers being superimposed in a perpendicular direction to the upper and lower faces of the structure.
- the layers, corresponding to the splitting of the dielectric permittivity model of the structure, are determined so that the diffraction pattern of each of these layers can be calculated from its numerical model of dielectric permittivity in a time less than or equal to K * M * log (M).
- a diffraction pattern is determined for each of the N layers from its digital dielectric permittivity model.
- the diffraction model of each layer i can for example be noted as an operator that
- step 304 an initial propagation iteration of the incident orders is carried out through the diffraction patterns of the layers of the structure.
- step 305 a propagation iteration of the orders diffracted and calculated during the previous iteration is carried out through the diffraction models of the layers of the structure.
- step 306 a convergence test of the last diffracted order propagation iteration is carried out using a method of solving a system of linear equations without matrix inversion and applying it to the resolution of the implicit equation sought for convergence of iterations. If the condition of the convergence test is not fulfilled, step 305 is executed again for a new iteration of propagation of the diffracted orders. At the step 307, a final iteration of propagation of the orders diffracted and calculated during the previous iterations is carried out, through the diffraction models of the layers of the structure. We deduce the result of the diffraction of the structure.
- the diffraction properties depend on the polarization and the usual scalar methods model them erroneously.
- the calculation methods according to the invention make it possible to simulate large sections of such periodic or non-periodic structures, or even the complete structure.
- Such a method of calculation can for example be applied to a refracto-diffracting micro-lens of minimum size and minimum weight used in a scanning system or optical scanning ultra-fast.
- a calculation method according to the invention can also be applied in diffusing optics.
- Such a calculation method can in particular be applied for the optimization of the desired distribution of mono- or poly-chromatic light by a scattering layer.
- a diffusing layer typically comprises a host medium containing microspheres or micro-polyhedra of refractive index different from that of the host medium.
- the diffusing layer generally illuminates a screen uniformly, desirably illuminating a volume from a localized light source or part of a light wall.
- Such a calculation method can also be used in diffusive optics for optimizing a diffusing layer intended to extract efficiently the light produced, for example, by a light-emitting diode of the Electro-Luminescent Diode type (LED in English) or an organic electroluminescent diode.
- a calculation method according to the invention can also be applied in microelectronics for the optimization of different processes of photolithography, in particular when the characteristic dimension of the patterns at the level of the reticle (the mask) and / or at the level of the silicon wafer is of the order of magnitude or smaller than the projection wavelength. This is particularly the case for the technological nodes of 45, 30 nm and below the wavelengths of excimer KrF (248 nm) and ArF (193 nm) lasers.
- One of the processes to be performed at the level of the reticle is generally optical proximity correction (OPC or Optical Proximity Correction in English). Such a correction OPC assumes the exact calculation of the transmission of the reticle at variable optical incidence, the reticle including patterns of different depths of materials such as SiO2, chromium, MoSiO, TaO.
- the usual transmission calculation methods for such structures are scalar methods with Euristic patches based on accurate local calculations.
- the use of these patches makes it possible to preserve the speed of computation of the scalar methods but their field of validity is limited.
- a calculation method according to the invention makes it possible to push back very far the boundary between the domain of structures which can be modeled accurately and that of approximately calculable structures.
- Another process in microelectronics photolithography is that of modeling the latent image in a layer of photoresist deposited on a substrate.
- the topography and surface composition result from a number of previous technological processes, which significantly affects the incident light power distribution by reflection diffraction.
- the scalar methods of the state of the art are faced with great difficulties because the structure below the photoresist layer where the projected latent image is formed can be very thick and very complex.
- a calculation method according to the invention makes it possible to take into account the actual structure implemented.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1551589A FR3033063B1 (fr) | 2015-02-24 | 2015-02-24 | Procede de calcul numerique de la diffraction d'une structure |
| PCT/FR2016/050408 WO2016135406A1 (fr) | 2015-02-24 | 2016-02-22 | Procédé de calcul numérique de la diffraction d'une structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3262466A1 true EP3262466A1 (fr) | 2018-01-03 |
Family
ID=53776692
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16714972.3A Withdrawn EP3262466A1 (fr) | 2015-02-24 | 2016-02-22 | Procédé de calcul numérique de la diffraction d'une structure |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20180046087A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3262466A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3033063B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016135406A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018213127A1 (de) | 2018-08-06 | 2020-02-06 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Anordnung und Verfahren zur Charakterisierung einer Maske oder eines Wafers für die Mikrolithographie |
| CN113343182B (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2024-04-02 | 上海精测半导体技术有限公司 | 理论光谱数据的优化方法、系统、电子设备及测量方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6898537B1 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2005-05-24 | Nanometrics Incorporated | Measurement of diffracting structures using one-half of the non-zero diffracted orders |
| US20070153274A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-05 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Optical metrology system and metrology mark characterization device |
| EP2302360B1 (fr) | 2009-09-24 | 2013-01-23 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Procédés et appareils pour la reconstruction de structures microscopiques |
-
2015
- 2015-02-24 FR FR1551589A patent/FR3033063B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-02-22 EP EP16714972.3A patent/EP3262466A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-02-22 WO PCT/FR2016/050408 patent/WO2016135406A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-02-22 US US15/552,951 patent/US20180046087A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3033063A1 (fr) | 2016-08-26 |
| WO2016135406A1 (fr) | 2016-09-01 |
| US20180046087A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
| FR3033063B1 (fr) | 2017-03-10 |
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