EP3259343A1 - Biosenseur bactérien de la dégradation du bois - Google Patents
Biosenseur bactérien de la dégradation du boisInfo
- Publication number
- EP3259343A1 EP3259343A1 EP16705449.3A EP16705449A EP3259343A1 EP 3259343 A1 EP3259343 A1 EP 3259343A1 EP 16705449 A EP16705449 A EP 16705449A EP 3259343 A1 EP3259343 A1 EP 3259343A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- bacteria
- reporter gene
- nucleic acid
- cebr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/36—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Actinomyces; from Streptomyces (G)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/74—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
- C12N15/76—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora for Actinomyces; for Streptomyces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/46—Wood
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/37—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from fungi
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bacterial biosensor of wood degradation.
- the bio-degradation of wood is a major phenomenon of forest ecosystems because it allows the recycling of organic matter and the proper functioning of the forest. This degradation is largely due to microorganisms and is usually initiated by lignolytic fungi. However, this primodegradation quickly allows the installation of more or less complex bacterial communities that take advantage of lignocellulosic compounds become accessible following this fungal attack. At the economic level, the exploitation of the degradation capacities of these microbial consortia is currently of obvious interest for green chemistry and environmental biotechnologies, notably with the degradation of the recalcitrant lignocellulosic elements of the biomass.
- biodegradation of wood is a considerable economic problem when it concerns wood used or conserved as building materials, such as wood used for frames, partitions or furniture. Due to biodegradation during storage, approximately 13 to 30% of the logs become unfit for marketing after 6 months of storage. The cost of this biodegradation is therefore considerable.
- the attack by fungi is found by tests described in the European standard EN113 / A1 (August / 2004) entitled "Wood preservatives - Test method to determine the protective efficacy vis-à-vis the mushrooms basidiomycetes lignivores Determination of the efficacy threshold ".
- the fungal attack is revealed by the mass difference between samples of wood to be analyzed and a non-degraded sample of wood as a control.
- wood samples are treated with different levels of wood preservatives and exposed to fungi belonging to different genera. After 16 weeks of exposure, these samples are washed, dried and weighed. The difference in mass loss between a treated and an untreated sample allows to conclude on the quality of the protection of the material.
- the length of time for this test is very long for industries that need to know quickly if the wood has been biodegraded or if a protective measure has worked.
- the present invention aims to develop a tool and methodology to diagnose quickly, specifically and with high sensitivity fungal attack of wood.
- the invention relates to the use of certain microorganisms of the soil, more particularly the saprophytic bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, which are incapable of initiating the degradation of wood, but which, on the other hand, are quick to recognize and use certain specific compounds released by all.
- types of wood in the early stages of fungal attack such as cellulose derivatives, hemicelluloses, lignins, cello-oligosaccharides, cellobioses.
- Streptomyces bacteria can colonize decomposing wood and have enzymes to degrade and metabolize complex sugars released during fungal attack.
- silico studies also revealed that a large part of the genes encoding these cellulolytic enzymes were under the control of a regulatory system called "CebR", consisting of a CebR protein and a region of 10 to 20 nucleotides, named “CebR”. -box ", located in the promoter regions of these genes.
- CebR protein is a highly conserved protein in bacteria of the genus Streptomyces. Proteins with very similar amino acid sequences and function also exist in other genera of bacteria, such as Thermobifida fusca (Spiridonov et al., 1999, J. Biol Chem., 274: 13127-13132), Actinosynnema mirum (Anderson et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7 (6): e39331), Jonesia denitrificans (Anderson et al., 2012), Cellulomonas flavigena (Anderson et al., 2012), or Streptosporangium roseum (Anderson et al. 2012).
- CebR protein is a major regulator of cellulose catabolism / cellooligosaccharides in Streptomyces. It can repress the transcription of its targeted genes, grouped in the ceb operon, by focusing on the "CebR-box" region, located in the promoter regions of these genes.
- the "CebR-box” region is also a highly conserved region within Streptomyces bacteria. DNA regions having a nucleic sequence and a similar function are also present in other kinds of bacteria, such as Thermobifida fusca (Spiridonov et al., 1999), Actinosynnema mirum (Anderson et al., 2012), Jonesia denitrificans (Anderson et al., 2012), Cellulomonas flavigena (Anderson et al., 2012), or Streptosporangium roseum (Anderson et al., 2012).
- Wood degradation compounds such as cello-oligosaccharides, especially cellobiose, can also bind to the CebR protein and thereby prevent CebR from binding to the CebRbox region. Consequently, by binding to the CebR protein, these compounds can remove the transcriptional repression of this protein from the genes under the control of the "CebR-box" region and result in the expression of these cellulolytic enzymes.
- the invention is based on the use of genetically modified Streptomyces bacteria, into which a DNA combination of the "CebR box” region with a reporter gene is introduced.
- the CebR protein using the "CebRbox” region effectively controls the expression of an exogenous gene, such as an exogenous reporter gene.
- the invention relates to genetically modified bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, stably comprising an expression vector comprising:
- nucleic acid of 10 to 20 nucleotides being capable of preventing transcription of the reporter gene, when the CebR protein is attached to said nucleic acid.
- expression vector is meant a circular or linear double-stranded DNA molecule comprising the elements necessary for the replication of said molecule and the expression of the genes carried by this vector in a bacterium of the genus Streptomyces.
- Said elements are for example an origin of replication, a promoter, a ribosomal binding site, a translation initiation codon, a stop codon of the translation, a transcription terminator.
- Said expression vector may further comprise an enhancer, a selection marker, and at least one restriction site.
- Each of these elements may be selected from those conventionally used in an expression vector for Streptomyces.
- the aforementioned expression vector may be integrated, for example by site-specific recombination, into the chromosome of bacteria, or independent of the latter.
- said expression vector When said expression vector is integrated by site-specific recombination into the bacterial genome, said vector may comprise two recombination sites, such as "att" sites.
- stably vector integrated in a bacterium a vector that is replicated within said bacterium and can transmit a copy to descendants of said bacterium.
- Said vector can be introduced into a bacterium of the genus Streptomyces by conventional methods, such as transformation, for example by thermal shock, or intergeneric conjugation.
- Genetically modified bacterium means a bacterium whose genetic heritage has been modified by genetic engineering with respect to that of the same bacterium found in nature.
- the invention relates to genetically modified bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, stably comprising an expression vector comprising:
- constitutive promoter is meant a promoter that is active in all circumstances in Streptomyces and is not itself subject to a regulatory system.
- constitutive promoters may be selected from the constitutive promoters conventionally used in Streptomyces, such as the permE * promoter (Kieser et al., 2000, Practical Streptomyces Genetics: John Innes Foundation) or galP2 (Fornwald et al., Proc Natl. Acad Sci USA 1987, 84 (8): 2130-2134).
- the promoter used in this vector for the implementation of the invention is the permE * promoter, which is a strong promoter in Streptomyces.
- the nucleic sequence of a "CebRbox" region of 10 to 20 nucleotides can be determined by an in silico study of the genomes of the bacteria, in particular those of the genus Streptomyces, in comparison with a sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, which is the consensus sequence of the "CebR-box" region of Streptomyces griseus.
- the search for sequence homology can be carried out, for example using the PREDETECTOR software (Hiard et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 2007, 357 (4): 861-4).
- the aforementioned nucleic acid "CebR-box” may be placed upstream of the promoter or between the promoter and the reporter gene.
- said nucleic acid of 10 to 20 nucleotides is represented by the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or a sequence having at least 85%, in particular 90%, more particularly 95%, identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1.
- said nucleic acid of 10 to 20 nucleotides is a nucleic acid of a sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 2-10.
- said nucleic acid "CebR-Box” is a nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the reporter gene in such an expression vector is a gene which can be selected or detected by biochemical, biological or physical methods, in particular a gene encoding or to activate an indicator molecule.
- Said reporter gene may be a gene encoding an enzyme that degrades a colored substrate or results in the production of a colored compound, in particular xylE of Pseudomonas putida, redD of Streptomyces coelicolor, melC of Streptomyces glaucescens.
- the reporter gene may also be a gene encoding a fluorescent or chemiluminescent protein selected from the group consisting of GFP, eGFP, RFP, luxA, luxB, or a gene for resistance to at least one antibiotic.
- a fluorescent or chemiluminescent protein selected from the group consisting of GFP, eGFP, RFP, luxA, luxB, or a gene for resistance to at least one antibiotic.
- an antibiotic resistance gene may be the nptII gene which confers on bacteria resistance to kanamycin, neomycin or the ampR gene which confers on bacteria an ampicillin resistance.
- a particular embodiment of the invention relates to genetically modified bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, comprising an expression vector comprising:
- the xylE gene encodes catechol dioxygenase, an enzyme that converts catechol, a colorless substrate, into a dark yellow product (2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde).
- the expression of the xylE gene in the bacterium is under the control of the "CebR-box" region and cello-oligosaccharide compounds via the CebR protein.
- the expression of the xylE gene is repressed by the CebR protein by binding to the "CebR-box” region. This repression is lifted by cello-oligosaccharide compounds, which can be released during the fungal degradation of wood.
- a more particular embodiment of the invention relates to genetically modified bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, comprising an expression vector comprising:
- the genetically modified bacteria of the invention belong to the species Streptomyces ambofaciens or Streptomyces coelicolor.
- the invention relates more particularly to a strain of Streptomyces spp. genetically modified, said strain being registered under number CNCM 1-4930 on December 17, 2014 and comprising an expression vector obtained from the vector pIB139 in which are inserted the nucleic acid "CebR-box" of sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 and the xylE reporter gene of Pseudomonas putida.
- the present invention also relates to an expression vector to be introduced stably into bacteria of the genus Streptomyces or any other bacterium having recombination sites, allowing specific insertion.
- Said vector comprises:
- nucleic acid of 10 to 20 nucleotides being capable of preventing transcription of the reporter gene, when said CebR protein is attached to said nucleic acid.
- Said vector also comprises all the elements necessary for the replication of said molecule and the expression of the genes carried by this vector in a bacterium in which it must be introduced.
- this vector is a vector to be integrated in a bacterial genome, it also includes specific recombination sites, such as "att" sites.
- said vector comprises:
- said vector comprises: (i) a nucleic acid whose sequence is chosen from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 2-10,
- Another objective of the invention is to provide a bacterial biosensor for the bio-degradation of wood.
- a biosensor of the invention is capable of to indicate the presence or absence of these residues in 24 hours.
- a biosensor according to the present invention makes it possible to indicate the biodegradation of the wood, in particular due to an attack of at least one lignivorous fungus, by the detection of the presence of the degradation compounds, in particular cello-oligosaccharides, released by this fungal attack. .
- lignivorous fungus is understood to mean a fungus that feeds on organic carbonaceous and nitrogenous material from the wood and therefore causes degradation of the wood.
- wood-eating fungi can be grouped into three main groups: brown rot fungi, white rot fungi, and soft rot fungi.
- Serpula poria, Coniophora tenuna, Antrodia vaillantii, or Lenzites betulinus may be mentioned as brown rot fungi; the Phanerochaete, Donkiopera expansa, Heterobasidion annosum, Coriolus versicolor, Fomes fomentarius, Asterostroma cervicolor and Trametes versicolor as white rot fungi; Chaetomium, Phialophora and Humicola as soft rot fungi.
- biosensor The concept of biosensor is defined, according to IUPAC criteria (Nagel et al., Pure & Appl Chem, Vol 64, No. 1, pp. 143-168, 1992.), as a "small device”. and compact that uses specific reactions induced by enzymes, immunosystems, tissues, organelles or whole cells in response to the detection of compounds.
- the biosensor of the present invention comprises a strain of genetically modified bacteria as described above and detects the presence of the compounds released by a fungal attack using the expression of the reporter gene, which is under the control of the control system. "CebR" regulation.
- a biosensor of the invention may in particular indicate the bio-degradation of wood by the detection of cello-oligosaccharides released by fungal attack.
- a biosensor of the present invention may further comprise accessory elements, for example elements allowing the bacteria to remain alive, such as a culture medium, a physical support, or a substrate that collaborates with the protein expressed by the gene. rapporteur to indicate the presence of compounds from wood degradation.
- accessory elements for example elements allowing the bacteria to remain alive, such as a culture medium, a physical support, or a substrate that collaborates with the protein expressed by the gene. rapporteur to indicate the presence of compounds from wood degradation.
- a particular embodiment of the invention relates to a bacterial biosensor for the bio-degradation of wood constituted by a strain of genetically modified bacteria according to the invention.
- a more particular embodiment of the invention relates to a wood biodegradation biosensor comprising or consisting of a strain of Streptomyces spp. genetically modified under number CNCM 1-4930.
- the subject of the present invention is also the use of a biosensor as described above for detecting the bio-degradation of wood due to a fungal attack, in particular due to an attack of at least one lignivorous fungus.
- the expression of the reporter gene signifies the presence of the compounds, in particular cells. oligosaccharides, released by wood degradation and therefore indicates the bio-degradation of wood.
- biosensor of the invention makes it possible to rapidly detect the bio-degradation of the wood, because in the presence of the compounds that lift the transcriptional repression of the reporter gene, the expression of this gene becomes visible only after 24 hours of culture of the bacteria. .
- the biosensor of the invention is capable of detecting the bio-degradation of different wood species, by different decaying agents, or after different degradation times.
- a biosensor of the invention as described above can be used to detect the biodegradation of previously treated wood against rotting.
- Such treatment may be any anti-decay treatment conventionally used for the storage and preservation of wood.
- These methods include chemical treatment methods, such as impregnation of wood with chemicals, including products comprising arsenic, zinc or copper, modification of the wood structure by chemical treatment. , or methods by physical treatment, such as autoclaving.
- a biosensor of the invention as described above can be used to indicate the effectiveness of anti-decay treatment of wood.
- the invention more particularly relates to genetically modified bacteria of the genus Streptomyces as described above and which are resistant to arsenic, zinc or copper, and their use for detecting the biodegradation of wood previously treated with products comprising arsenic, zinc or copper.
- the above-mentioned bacteria are obtained by transformation of a strain naturally resistant to arsenic, zinc or copper with a vector according to the present invention.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for detecting the bio-degradation of wood.
- the method comprises the following steps:
- said bacteria are incubated according to the conventional culture conditions.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate the control mechanism of the CebR system under natural conditions.
- Figures 1C and 1D show the mechanism of action of a biosensor of the invention.
- FIG. 1A In the absence of wood degradation compounds, the CebR protein binds to the "CebR box" region located in the promoter region of the genes it regulates and inactivates its expression.
- Figure 1B Compounds of wood degradation, when present, compete with the "CebR box" for the binding of CebR protein, thus lifting the repression of the regulated genes and leading to its expression.
- Figure 1C The binding of CebR on the "CebR box” region prevents the constitutive expression of the reporter gene and the activation of the indicator molecule.
- Figure 1D In the presence of wood degradation compounds, the removal of the inhibition of transcription of the reporter gene activates the indicator molecule and thus reveals the presence of these compounds.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the color change, in the absence or in the presence of cellobiose, of a bacterial strain of the invention as a biosensor for the bio-degradation of wood.
- Figure 3A The bacteria of the invention were streaked and incubated on rich medium with mannitol as the only carbon source.
- Figure 3B The bacteria of the invention were streaked on the same medium, but supplemented with cellobiose (5g / L) signal molecule of wood degradation. After 2 days of growth, the dishes were sprayed with catechol (developer). After 30 minutes, the strain biosensor in the presence of cellobiose transformed the catechol into a yellow compound, appreciable to the naked eye and significantly higher than the low background observed in the absence of cellobiose.
- Figure 4A It illustrates the result of the susceptibility test of a bacterial strain of the invention as a biosensor for the bio-degradation of wood.
- the bacterial strain of the invention was incubated from 18 to 20 H in a liquid medium (modified HT medium) supplemented with 15 ⁇ 10 3 , 300, 15 or 1.5 ⁇ l of cellobiose and compared with the same strain incubated in a medium containing no no cellobiose.
- the ordinate axis represents the oxidation of the cathecol by the product of the reporter gene (xylE), followed by spectrometry at 375 nm and relative to the amount of total proteins in order to standardize the experiments (ordinate axis).
- Figure 4B It illustrates the result of the test for detection of fungal attack of wood by a bacterial strain of the invention as a biosensor.
- the bacterial strain was incubated in a liquid medium (modified HT medium) supplemented with either a non-degraded spruce leachate (control) or with a spruce leachate which had been in the process of being degraded for 7 weeks by Poria placenta.
- the ordinate axis represents the oxidation of the cathecol by the reporter gene product (xylE), followed by spectrometry at 375 nm.
- the experiments with the leachates of wood were carried out three times. The significance of the results was assessed using a t-student test (p> 0.05).
- the binding region of the CebR protein was identified, isolated and cloned between a strong promoter (permE *), a translation site (RBS) and a reporter gene (xylE).
- the xylE gene is amplified from the primers Biosens_F (SEQ ID NO: 11) and Biosens_R (SEQ ID NO: 12), the Biosens_F primer containing the sequences of the "CebR box" region, as well as the initiation site of translation (RBS, Ribosome binding site). This construction was obtained by PCR and then cloned into the vector pIB139 (FIG 2).
- the vector is then transferred to a Streptomyces strain by intergeneric conjugation and stably integrated with the genome of the recipient bacterium.
- Streptomyces are grown in SFM (Soy flour medium) for genetic engineering experiments.
- This culture medium contains 8 g of soy flour, 8 g of bacto agar and 8 g of mannitol for a volume of 400 ml.
- the medium used for the tests of Streptomyces in solid culture medium (Petri dish) or in liquid medium is the medium HT (Hickey-Tresner medium) modified, which contains 1 g of yeast extract, 1 g of extract of beef, 5 g mannitol, 2 g bacto-tryptone and 0.02 g COC for a volume of IL.
- This medium is adjusted to pH 7.3.
- this medium is a solid medium, it also contains 20 g of bacto agar.
- a quantification protocol for the color indicator has been developed using liquid cultures.
- Cell suspensions obtained after 18-22 hours of growth in the presence or absence of inducing compounds were lysed by sonication.
- the cell lysate is then contacted with a reaction buffer containing catechol, the substrate of the xylE gene.
- the intensity of the reaction was then measured by an optical density measurement at 375 nm and weighted between the different experiments by the amount of protein present in the cell lysate (Bradford test).
- This protocol has been optimized in particular microplate, allowing the treatment of a large number of samples at a time. Reaction time kinetics make it possible to determine that the detection reaction is stable and measurable over time over nearly an hour.
- the detection of fungal attack of wood is carried out in a context similar to that used in standard EN113 / A1 (March / 2004).
- the tests were carried out for the CNCM 1-4930 strain used as a biosensor in the presence of degraded wood leachates.
- the leachates were recovered by vacuum infiltration of acetate buffer of spruce specimens attacked by the lignivorous fungus Poria Placenta for seven weeks.
- the reporter gene activity in the presence of degraded wood leachates is twice as high as the background noise observed with non-degraded wood leachate ( Figure 4B).
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Abstract
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1551286A FR3032720B1 (fr) | 2015-02-16 | 2015-02-16 | Biosenseur bacterien de la degradation du bois. |
PCT/EP2016/052417 WO2016131665A1 (fr) | 2015-02-16 | 2016-02-04 | Biosenseur bactérien de la dégradation du bois |
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EP16705449.3A Withdrawn EP3259343A1 (fr) | 2015-02-16 | 2016-02-04 | Biosenseur bactérien de la dégradation du bois |
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