EP3259234A1

EP3259234A1 - Water treatment system and method for treating water located in a water reservoir

Info

Publication number: EP3259234A1
Application number: EP15832791.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Harald EDER; Volker VIECHTBAUER
Original assignee: Veder Waterbox GmbH
Current assignee: Veder Waterbox GmbH
Priority date: 2014-12-22
Filing date: 2015-12-22
Publication date: 2017-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 2035-12-22
Also published as: WO2016100998A1; EP3259234B1; DE112015005701A5; AT516661B1; AT516661A1; US20180021734A1; ES2733509T3

Abstract

The invention concerns a water treatment system (1) and a method for treating water (2) located in a water reservoir (3). The water treatment system (1) comprises a recirculation means (4) disposed within which there is a membrane filtration means (9) with a plurality of filter modules (10). The water treatment system (1) particularly comprises a gas supply means (24) by which gas can be introduced into the filter modules (10) of the membrane filtration means (9) to clean their membranes, or into the water reservoir (3) at one or more locations, periodically or when required, to circulate or mix up the water (2) therein.

Description

Water treatment system and process for the treatment of water in a water reservoir

The invention relates to a water treatment system for the treatment of befindlichem in a water reservoir water, and a method for the treatment of befindlichem in a water reservoir water. In particular, the invention relates to a water treatment system and a process for the purification and sterilization of water, which comes into contact with humans or animals, for example swimming pool or swimming pool water, or water in aquariums and the like.

Water in water reservoirs are subject to environmental influences due to a permanent entry of contaminants, especially soiling in particle form. For example, inorganic and organic substances, particles and microparts can be permanently absorbed into the water from the air. In addition, particulate soils can also be introduced via humans or animals, in particular insects. In the case of waters intended for use by humans, for example for bathing or swimming, microorganisms and germs introduced into the water, in particular, are to be regarded as potentially hazardous, in particular harmful to health. Such microorganisms, for example bacteria, fungi or microscopic algae, tend to deposit on the water-facing surfaces of a water reservoir and multiply there. Such deposits of germs are formed especially in stagnant flow conditions, ie when the water in the water reservoir is hardly circulated and mixed.

For the disinfection of water in water reservoirs, for example swimming pools, baths and the like, it is customary to treat the swimming or bathing water by means of germicidal chemicals or to disinfect. In most cases, halogen-based, in particular chlorine or bromine-containing disinfectants are used. In order to achieve a sufficient disinfecting effect, considerable concentrations of these disinfectants are necessary, especially in waters frequently used by humans. The disadvantage here is, inter alia, the skin and mucous membrane irritant effect of such Disinfectant. Furthermore, the use of halogen-releasing disinfectants often leads to the formation of unpleasant odors.

In the recent past, some efforts or attempts have been made to replace halogen-containing disinfectants, or to keep at least the necessary amount of such halogen-containing disinfectants as low as possible. Among other things, investigations were carried out in which water was treated in swimming pools for the purpose of removing microorganisms or germs by means of membrane filtration systems.

However, there is still a need for optimization, in particular with regard to the treatment and operating efficiency of such water treatment processes and treatment systems. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a water treatment system and a method for water treatment, by which the cleaning and operating efficiency in the treatment of water located in water reservoirs can be improved.

The object of the invention is achieved, on the one hand, by providing an improved water treatment system for the treatment of water present in a water reservoir, for example in a swimming pool, pond or aquarium, in particular for cleaning and disinfecting the water.

The water treatment system includes a recirculation recirculation device having a delivery device, one or more de-misting devices for taking a determinable amount of the water from the water reservoir per unit time, and one or more recirculation lines for returning the water to the water reservoir. Furthermore, the water treatment system comprises a membrane filtration device arranged in the circulation recirculation device, which comprises a plurality of filter modules connected in parallel in terms of flow technology. In this case, the filter modules can either be shut off or flowed through on the feed side with the removal line (s) and, on the filtrate side, optionally shut off or throughflow with the return line (s). In addition, the filter modules are filtrateseitig either shut off or flow-through with a backwash liquid source line connected and to clean the filter modules Filter modules on the feed side can be shut off or flowed through with a drain connected to the line.

In particular, a gas supply device is provided which on the one hand for cleaning the filter modules selectively shut-off or flow-connected feed side with the filter modules of the membrane filtration device, so that all filter modules can be flushed with gas, and which gas supply device also for circulation and mixing of the water in the water reservoir optionally shut off or flowed through is line connected to the return line (s) of the circulation recirculation device.

Filter modules of membrane filtration systems usually include a variety of microporous filter membranes, such as flat or hollow fiber membranes. The filtering effect of a membrane is characterized in that the water flows through the membrane walls, and the particles to be removed, for example cultures of microorganisms, are retained on one side of a membrane. The terms feed side 'or' feed side 'is understood above and below that side of the filter module on which the filtered water in the filtration operation is introduced into a filter module. The term "filtrate side" or "filtrate side" is understood above and below as that side of the filter module on which the filtered water is withdrawn from a filter module during filtration operation.

In the filtration operation of a filter module of the membrane filtration device increases due to the retention of the particles on the feed side, the amount of particles in the filter module. As a result, deposits on the corresponding membrane surfaces of a filter module, which may adversely affect the further water treatment operation, occur over time on the feed side. For this reason, the filter modules of the membrane filtration device, depending on the degree of contamination of the water in the water reservoir, cleaned at certain time intervals, in particular be cleaned by backwashing the filter module. For this purpose, the filter modules can be shut off from the removal and return lines of the circulation recirculation device, and the filter modules can be cleaned by reversing the flow direction in comparison to the filtration operation with the backwash liquid. Due to the features of the proposed water treatment system, the gas supply device can be used on the one hand for the feed side flushing of the membranes of the filter modules with a gas. Such a gas purging is particularly expedient for detaching the particle and germ deposits from the membrane walls during a backwashing process, and for cleaning the membranes of the filter modules on the feed side. Loading-side deposits on the membrane walls can be broken up by the introduced gas bubbles and removed from the membrane walls. In addition, the membranes can be set in reinforced motion by the gas entry into the filter module or deformed. By the deformation and agitation of the membranes mechanical forces, for example by friction and deformation, can be generated, which also promote breaking up and detachment of particulate deposits from the membranes. By such, feed side flushing of the membranes of a filter module with a gas, such as compressed air, therefore, in particular the continuity of the membranes can be improved again, or the water flow rate can be increased through the membranes again. The gas-assisted deposits detached from the membrane surfaces can be disposed of via the drain during a backwashing process by means of the backwashing liquid. Backwashing can also remove deposits from the membrane pores. In particular, so-called biofouling of the membranes can be effectively prevented.

In addition, by the features of the proposed water treatment system by means of the gas supply device but also gas can be introduced directly into the water reservoir. As a result, the circulation and mixing of the water in the water reservoir is promoted, and stagnation of the water in the water reservoir can be avoided. Subsequently, the formation of particulate deposits, in particular the formation of germ deposits or the formation of microorganism cultures on the water-facing surfaces of the water reservoir can be counteracted in this way. In particular, the formation of algae layers in the water reservoir can thus be avoided.

If desired, the entry of gas, especially in the case of bathing pools or baths, can of course also be used to increase the well-being of the users or bathers. for example, whirl pool-like turbulences are generated in the pool by means of suitable nozzle-like gas introduction openings.

To increase the cleaning efficiency for the membranes of the filter modules, it may be expedient that the filter modules have at least two gas inlet connections. As a result, the gas can be introduced into a filter module at at least two different locations, as a result of which particularly turbulent gas flows can be generated in the filter module. Thus, the duration of a rinsing process with gas can be advantageously reduced, whereby the gas supply device of the water treatment system is increasingly used for circulation or mixing of the water in the water reservoir.

In a development of the invention it can be provided that each filter module of the membrane filtration device is assigned a shut-off valve on the filtrate side. As a result, the filter modules can be backwashed by reversing the flow direction via the filter modules separately and independently of each other by means of the backwashing liquid source. In this way, complex and large-scale measures or devices for the provision of high backwash liquid quantities or high backwash liquid volume flows can be dispensed with, whereby the production or procurement costs for the water treatment system can be reduced.

In a further embodiment, it may be provided that the filter modules of the membrane filtration device are line connected to the feed line (s) via a common shut-off or flow control element, and the filter modules are line connected to the drain via a common flow control or shut-off device, and in that the filter modules are line-connected to the filtrate side via at least one switching means with the return line (s) of the circulation recirculation device and the backwashing liquid source. As a result of these features, a cleaning process for the filter modules of the membrane filtration device can be initiated or carried out with a few simple means as needed or in periodic time intervals. In this case, the shut-off or control elements or the at least one switching means can be used to fluidically separate the filter modules from the or the Entnähmet device (s) or the or the return lines, and subsequently a cleaning process under reversal of the flow direction via the filter modules be performed. The resulting, relatively heavily soiled rinsing liquid can be disposed of filtrate-side supply by means of the backwash liquid source and passage through a filter module directly via the common line connection in the drain, so that the most efficient operation of the water treatment system can be ensured. In the case of a backwashing of a filter module, it is preferable at the same time to carry out a feed-side gas purging of the filter module.

A further advantageous embodiment of the water treatment system can be provided by the fact that the backwashing liquid source is formed by a drinking water supply line. Due to this structural feature, the filter modules can be backwashed with drinking water. This also provides a backwashing medium with a relatively high degree of purity for cleaning the filter modules. Furthermore, it is possible to dispense with other, more expensive backwashing devices, such as, for example, backwash pumps, filtrate collection tanks or the like. In this way, an effective and at the same time cost-effective variant for backwashing or cleaning the filter modules of the membrane filtration device can be provided. In addition, in this way, the risk of accidental or undesirable entry of contaminants in the water reservoir through the water treatment system itself, at least minimized as far as possible. In this context, an embodiment variant may be advantageous in which the filter modules are conductively connected to the drinking water supply line without the interposition of a conveyor device. In this way, the filter modules can be backwashed solely by the existing drinking water supply pressure, and additional backwash devices are unnecessary. As a result, a backwashing of a filter module can be carried out in a particularly energy-efficient and cost-effective manner. In particular, it has been found that in backwashing of only a subset of filter modules and in particular only one filter module at the same time, the existing existing drinking water supply pressure is sufficient to accomplish an effective backwashing of the filter modules. To compensate for pressure fluctuations, or if the drinking water supply has a very high water pressure, it may be appropriate to assign a pressure reducer to the drinking water supply for the filter modules. Furthermore, it can be provided that the drinking water supply is associated with a metering device for metering cleaning chemicals into the drinking water. The cleaning chemicals can be formed, for example, by surfactants, disinfectants or other substances which promote efficient cleaning of the membranes. Thereby, the cleaning efficiency for the filter modules can be further increased, and thus a problem-free operation of the water treatment system can be ensured.

In a further expedient embodiment variant, it can be provided that the circulation recirculation device comprises a flow rate sensor for detecting the flow rate of the water through the filter module in filtration operation. As a result, a cleaning process for the filter modules in case of falling below a definable

Threshold for the flow rate can be made. The cleaning process can be triggered, for example, automatically by a suitably programmed control device of the water treatment system, whereby a particularly efficient operation of the water treatment system can be provided.

Alternatively and / or additionally, the circulation recirculation device may also comprise two or more than two pressure sensors for detecting the pressure loss across the filter modules in filtration operation. As a result, a cleaning process for a filter module can be undertaken or initiated if a definable threshold value for the pressure loss is exceeded.

Furthermore, it may be expedient that the circulation recirculation device of the water treatment system comprises an activated carbon filter. With such an activated carbon filter and substances, in particular organic substances from the water are removable, which can not be separated from the water or insufficiently by means of the membrane filtration device. It can be, above all, non-particulate matter dissolved in water. Such an activated carbon filter is preferably selectively closable or permeable to the withdrawal line (s) of the circulation recirculation device, or optionally shut-off or permeable to the return line (s) of the circulation recirculation device, so that the water in the recirculation recirculation device tion can be performed either over the activated carbon filter, or can be performed by a bypass line around the activated carbon filter around.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the water treatment system it can be provided that the circulation recirculation device comprises an ion exchanger for the removal of ionic nutrient compounds. As a result, in addition to the removal of microorganisms by the membrane filtration device, the microorganisms can also be at least partially deprived of the basis for propagation, and the growth of microorganisms, for example bacterial cultures in the water can be further effectively suppressed or at least the multiplication of the microorganisms can be reduced. Of course, both anion exchangers and / or cation exchangers can be used in order to extract from the water nutrient ions in the anionic and / or cationic form.

In addition, it can be provided that the water treatment system comprises a metering device for the addition of perfumes in the water. Such a metering device can be arranged fluidically in the circulation recirculation device, or assigned to the water reservoir itself. Fragrances can be added to the water, in particular to increase the well-being of persons, for example bathers. It is possible to add fragrances, in particular by the treatment elements of the proposed water treatment system, which at least largely or usually a mixing of chlorine-containing or chlorine-releasing disinfectant chemicals in the water unnecessary.

Another, expedient embodiment variant of the water treatment system can be designed such that it comprises a metering device for adding antimicrobial substances into the water. In this way, antimicrobial substances, such as silver nanoparticles can be introduced into the water, whereby the water quality can be further increased.

Furthermore, an embodiment of the water treatment system may be expedient in which the number and the filtration capacity of the filter modules are selected such that the recirculation and filtration of the water, a removal rate for microorganisms is achievable, which is greater than the growth rate of the microorganisms in the water in the same time interval. Thus, an increase in the total amount of microorganisms in the water can be effectively prevented, without the need for the use of disinfectants is necessary.

Finally, it may also be useful to select the number and the filtration capacity of the filter modules such that the total volume of water contained in the water reservoir per day can be filtered at least once and preferably between 2 and 10 times by means of the membrane filtration device. In this way it can be achieved that per day a sufficient amount of water can be treated or purified by means of the water treatment system.

However, the object of the invention is also achieved by providing a process for the treatment of water present in a water reservoir, for example in a swimming pool, pond or aquarium, in particular for cleaning and disinfecting the water. The method comprises the following method steps:

Withdrawing a definable amount of the water per unit time from the water reservoir via one or more defrosting lines of a recirculating recirculation device;

Filtration of the extracted subset of the water by means of a membrane filtration device arranged in the circulation recirculation device, wherein the membrane filtration device comprises a plurality of filter modules connected in parallel in terms of flow,

- Returning the water into the water reservoir via one or more recirculation line (s) of the circulating recirculation device;

Periodic or demand-based cleaning of the membranes of the filter modules by backwashing with a backwash liquid, reversing the flow direction over the filter modules in comparison to the filtration operation and discharging the waste liquid arising during backwashing via a drain.

In particular, it is provided that for cleaning the membranes of the filter modules of the membrane filtration device by means of a gas supply device feed side gas into the Filter module is initiated, or by means of the gas supply device, the gas is introduced periodically or as needed to circulate the water in the water reservoir at one or more points in the water reservoir. The method measures only a gas supply device is required to one hand to clean the membranes of a filter module of the membrane filtration device by gas supply, and on the other hand to support the circulation and mixing of the water in the water reservoir, and to avoid stagnation of the water in the water reservoir. In the course of a cleaning process for the filter membrane surfaces by gas purging, the filter modules are preferably also by reversing the flow direction in

Also backwashed compared to filtration operation to improve cleaning efficiency. Thus, the deposits removed from the membrane surfaces can be disposed of via the drain by means of the backwash liquid. Backwashing can also remove deposits from the membrane pores. In particular, so-called biofouling of the membranes can be effectively prevented.

The introduction of the gas into the water reservoir preferably takes place at as many points in the water reservoir as possible in order to increase the effectiveness of the mixing or turbulence of the water in the water reservoir. The advantageous mode of action of the gas inlet into a filter module or into the water reservoir has already been explained in detail above, which is why at this point a further description can be dispensed with. By means of the measures according to the invention, a particularly operationally efficient process for the treatment of water can be provided. In a further embodiment of the method can be provided that a cleaning process for the membranes of the filter modules is carried out such that at the same time in all filter modules feed gas is introduced, and in sequential order each definable subsets of the filter modules with the backwash liquid reversing the flow direction over the Filter modules are backwashed. As a result, costly and large-sized measures or devices for providing high amounts of backwash liquid or high backwash liquid volume flows can be dispensed with, whereby the operating and cost efficiency of the process can be increased. At the same time, however, a high cleaning efficiency can be provided, since the storage ments on the membrane surfaces by the continuous gas purging of all filter modules during the entire cleaning process in an effective manner can be canceled or replaced by the purge gas from the membrane surfaces. These already loosened deposits can

However, a cleaning process for the membranes of the filter modules can also be carried out in such a way that gas is introduced simultaneously into all filter modules on the feed side, and in a sequential sequence, each filter module is individually backwashed with the backwash liquid by reversing the flow direction via the filter modules. As a result, a particularly operational and cost-efficient process management is provided.

Furthermore, it may be appropriate that the filter modules are backwashed with drinking water. By this method measure, the cleaning efficiency for a filter module can be significantly increased again, since a comparatively clean backwash liquid can be used. The drinking water is thereby guided by the filter modules in the opposite direction of the flow direction compared to the filtration operation. As a result, the gas-assisted deposits, which are detached from the feed-side membrane surfaces, can be removed from the membrane surfaces in an efficient manner by this drinking-water stream, and be discharged directly from the filter modules via the outflow.

The cleaning efficiency for a filter module can be further increased again, if the drinking water during backwashing cleaning chemicals are added. Such cleaning chemicals can be formed, for example, by surfactants, disinfectants or other substances which assist efficient cleaning of the membranes.

Furthermore, an embodiment of the method for water treatment may be expedient in which a filter module with a backwash _{liquid volume} flow between 70 l / m ² _mem * h and 700 l / m ² _mem * h and a flow rate of Rückspülwassers through the filter module between 0.02 m / s and 1.0 m / s backwashed. The above

Data for the backflush liquid volume flow in l / m ² * h designates the volume flow of backwash liquid in, liters per square meter membrane surface of the filter module and per hour. The ranges indicated for the backwash liquid volume flow or the flow mung velocity of the backwashing liquid, in particular drinking water, through a filter module, have proven to be useful in order to achieve effective cleaning of the membranes of a filter module, and thus to ensure the most problem-free and efficient process control of water treatment. The flow rate of the backwashing liquid or of the backwash water through a filter module can be influenced, inter alia, by the structural design or dimensioning of the sheath of a filter module, taking into account the existing liquid pressure, for example the existing drinking water pressure. For example, the flow rate of the backwash liquid through a filter module at the same liquid pressure can be increased by reducing the cross-sectional area of the jacket for the membranes of a filter module.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method can be provided that a filter module on the feed side with a gas volume flow between 0.2 Nm ³ / m ² * h and 5.0 Nm ³ / m ² * h and a flow velocity of the gas in the filter module between 0 , 1 m / s and 2 m / s. The above data for the gas volumetric flow in Nm ³ / m ² * h designates the volume flow of gas in, standard cubic meters per square meter membrane surface of the filter module and per hour '. The specified ranges for the gas volumetric flow or the flow velocity of the gas through a filter module have proved to be expedient in order to achieve effective cleaning of the membranes of a filter module, and thus to ensure a problem-free and efficient process management of the water treatment. Again, the flow rate of the purge gas, taking into account the existing gas pressure, inter alia, be influenced by the structural design of the sheath of a filter module. For example, the flow rate of the gas through a filter module at the same gas pressure can be increased by reducing the cross-sectional area of the jacket for the membranes of a filter module.

Furthermore, it may be expedient that, for the completion of a cleaning and backwashing process for a filter module, the supply of drinking water into the filter module is stopped, the water remaining in the filter module is displaced by the gas and discharged via a drain, and the filter module is filled with drinking water before resuming the filtration operation. On the one hand, this allows complete removal of the Dirty, used for backwashing rinse water be accomplished from a filter module. On the other hand, the filter module can be refilled with clean drinking water before resuming the filtration operation, so that accidental or unintentional introduction of contaminants into the water reservoir can be effectively prevented.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that in the filtration operation, the flow rate of the water is detected via the filter modules, and a cleaning process for the filter modules is made at a below a definable threshold for the flow rate. The cleaning process can be triggered, for example, automatically by a suitably programmed control device of the water treatment system, whereby a particularly efficient process management for water treatment can be provided.

Alternatively and / or additionally, however, it may also be provided that the pressure loss through the filter modules is detected in the filtration mode, and a cleaning process for the filter modules is performed when a definable threshold value for the pressure loss is exceeded.

It may also be expedient for the circulation of the water in the water reservoir at periodic time intervals to introduce a mean total amount of gas having a gas volume flow between 0.05 Nm ³ / m ³ _wr * h and 5 Nm ³ / m ³ _wr * h into the water reservoir becomes. The introduction of gas with a gas volume flow in this area has proven to be effective in order to bring about a sufficient circulation or mixing of the water in the water reservoir. In this way, the formation of deposits, for example the formation of algae layers in the water reservoir, can be effectively prevented. The above information for the gas volume flow in Nm ³ / m ³ _wr * h denotes the gas quantity, standard cubic meter per cubic meter of water in the water reservoir and per hour '.

In addition, it may be useful for the water to be passed through an activated carbon filter arranged in the circulation recirculation device in terms of flow. With such an activated carbon filter and substances, in particular organic substances from the water are removable, which can not be separated from the water or insufficiently by means of the membrane filtration device. It can be especially in the water dissolved, non-particulate substances act. Preferably, such an activated carbon filter is selectively shut-off or flow-through with the or the withdrawal line (s) of Umlaufrezir- kulationsvorrichtung, or optionally shut-off or flow-through with the or the return line (s) of the circulation recirculation device line connected, so that the water in the circulating recirculation device optional can be passed over the activated carbon filter, or can be guided around the activated carbon filter via a bypass line.

Furthermore, it may be expedient if ionic nutrient compounds are removed from the water by means of an ion exchanger arranged in the recirculation recirculation device. As a result, in addition to the removal of microorganisms by the membrane filtration device, the microorganisms can also be at least partially deprived of the basis for propagation, and the growth of microorganisms, for example bacterial cultures in the water can be further effectively suppressed or at least the multiplication of the microorganisms can be reduced. Of course, both anion exchangers and / or cation exchangers can be used in order to extract from the water nutrient ions in the anionic and / or cationic form.

In a further variant of the method it can be provided that fragrances are added to the water by means of a metering device. Fragrances can be added to the water, in particular to increase the well-being of persons, for example bathers.

Furthermore, it may be useful to mix the water by means of a metering antimicrobial substances. In this way, antimicrobial substances, such as silver nanoparticles can be introduced into the water, whereby the water quality can be further increased.

Furthermore, a method procedure may be advantageous in which the subset of the water withdrawn from the water reservoir per unit time by means of the circulation recirculation device is selected such that a microorganism removal rate which is greater than the growth rate of the microorganisms can be achieved by the recirculation and filtration of the water the water in the same time interval. This way a can Increase in the total amount of microorganisms in the water effectively be stopped, without the need for the use of disinfectants is necessary.

Finally, it is also possible to provide a method guide in which the unit is removed from the water reservoir per unit time by means of the circulation recirculation device

Subset of the water is chosen such that the total contained in the water reservoir volume of water, per day at least 1 time, and preferably filtered between 2 times and 10 times by means of the membrane filtration device. It can thereby be achieved that a sufficient amount of the water can be processed or cleaned per day by means of the water treatment system.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. It shows in each case in a highly simplified, schematic representation:

Fig. 1 is a water treatment system for the treatment of befindlichem in a water reservoir water, in a highly simplified, schematic representation. By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as above, below, laterally, etc. related to the directly described and illustrated figure and these position information in a change in position mutatis mutandis to transfer to the new location.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a water treatment system 1 according to the invention for the treatment of water 2, in particular for the purification and sterilization of the water 2. The water to be treated 2 is located in the water reservoir 3 shown in sections. The water reservoir 3, for example, by a

Swimming pool, a pond, aquarium or similar water reservoir. be formed. In principle, it may be an artificially created, but also a natural water reservoir 3.

As shown in Fig. 1, the water treatment system 1 comprises a circulation recirculation device 4, by means of which a definable amount of water 2 per unit time can be removed from the water reservoir 3, and prepared. For this purpose, at least one conveying device 5, as well as one or more withdrawal line (s) 6 and one or more return line (s) 7 are provided. The removal line (s) 6 are preferably connected to the water reservoir 3 at or near the water surface, since in most cases the water 2 has the highest degree of contamination on its surface. The recirculation line (s) 7 are preferably connected to the water reservoir 3 at points of greater water depth and at as many points as possible in order to generate better mixing in the water reservoir 3 as a result of the circulation recirculation of the water 2. The conveying device 5 can be formed, for example, by a conveying, circulating, or pumping pump. Preferably, the conveyor device 5 is formed by a speed controllable pump, so that the removed from the water reservoir 3 for processing per unit time amount of water 2 can be adjusted as needed during operation.

To remove relatively large soils, such as leaves, insects, etc., a coarse particle filter device 8, such as a sand filter or a conventional sieve filter, may be arranged in the extraction line (s) 6. Such filter devices 8 are preferably arranged near the removal point (s) from the water reservoir in the denuder (s) 6 or 11, and thus form the first element for separating contaminants from the water 2.

As further shown in FIG. 1, a membrane filtration device 9 is disposed in the circulation recirculation device 4. The membrane filtration device 9 comprises a plurality of fluidically connected in parallel filter modules 10. In Fig. 1, four filter modules 10 are shown by way of example, it being understood that the number of filter modules to be used 10 in accordance with the prevailing circumstances and various parameters, such as the expected degree of contamination of the water 2 or the filtration capacity of a single filter module 10, etc., can be adjusted. Preferably, the number and the filtration capacity of the filter modules 10 for the water treatment system 1 is selected so that the recirculation and filtration of the water 2 a removal rate for microorganisms is achievable, which is greater than the growth rate of the microorganisms in the water 2 in the same time interval , In addition, the number and the filtration capacity of the filter modules 10 is preferably chosen such that the total contained in the water reservoir 3 volume of water 2, per day at least 1 time, and preferably between 2 times and 10 times by means of the membrane filtration device 9 can be filtered.

The filter modules 10 of the membrane filtration device 9 can in principle be designed in many different ways, or have a wide variety of design features. Preferably, the filter modules 10 are configured as hollow fiber membrane modules, which include a plurality of hollow fiber membranes. The hollow fibers can be made of a variety of materials, usually ceramic hollow fibers or hollow plastic fibers, such as hollow fibers of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethersulfone or similar plastics are used. Usually, such hollow fibers are designed like a hose with two open ends, and can have a variety of lengths. The hollow fibers are made porous, and from the outside inwards or reversed by water flowing through. Depending on the choice of the pore diameter of the hollow fiber material, particles up to a certain size can pass through the membrane walls of the hollow fibers, but larger particles are retained on the hollow fiber membrane walls, whereupon the filter effect of a hollow fiber membrane is based. For the water treatment of water in water reservoirs, hollow-fiber membranes with a pore diameter between 0.2 m and 0.01 m have proven to be particularly suitable, which corresponds to a so-called 'ultrafiltration'.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, such hollow fibers may be arranged, for example, in a loose hanging manner in the form of bundles or mats in a loading space 11 located on the upper side of the filter module 10. In this case, the respective open ends of the hollow fibers can be embedded, for example, in a sealing means 12 such that the inner lumens of the hollow fibers open into a filtrate space 13 located on the lower side of a filter module 10. This sealant 12, for example, cured epoxy resin or the like, separates the feed space 11 and the filter chamber in terms of flow technology. Ratraum 13 from each other, so that consequently the water 2 passes only by passing the hollow fiber membrane walls - from the outer surface of the hollow fibers in the inner lumen of the hollow fibers - from the feed space 11 in the filtrate 13 and is promoted, and thereby filtered. The exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 corresponds to a so-called "dead end" filtration in an "outside-in" mode of operation. The filter modules 10 are preferably liquid-tight and designed to be overpressure and underpressure-stable.

For supplying the water 2 in the loading space 11 of a filter module 10, the filter modules 10 are on the feed side either shut off or flow-through with the or the Entnähmet device (s) 6 of the circulation recirculation device 4 line connected. To shut off or open this line connection, a common shut-off or flow control element 14 is provided in the embodiment shown in FIG.

On the filtrate side, the filter modules 10 can be shut off or shut off by means of shut-off devices 15, with the return line (s) 7 or a backwashing liquid source 16 connected in line. As shown in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, preferably each filter module 10 is assigned a shut-off valve 15 on the filtrate side so that the filter modules 10 can each be backwashed independently of each other by reversing the flow direction via the filter modules by means of the backwashing liquid source 16, which will be explained in more detail below ,

In filtration operation of the filter modules 10, the shut-off or flow control element 14 and the shut-off elements 15 are opened, so that water 2 is led out of the water reservoir 3 via the filter modules 10, filtered, and returned to the water reservoir 3 via the return line (s) 7 can. In order to carry out a cleaning operation by reversing the flow direction via the filter modules, the shut-off or flow control member 14 can be closed in order to shut off the line connections of the filter module 10 to the defogging device (s) 6. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the filter modules 10 are also optionally able to be shut off or flow-connected to a drain 17 on the feed side. For this purpose, in turn, a common flow control or shut-off device 18 is provided, which can be closed in the filtration mode and opened during a cleaning or backwashing process.

For switching between the filtration operation and a cleaning process or the cleaning operation with backwashing, or for reversing the flow direction via the filter modules 10, a switching means 19 is provided in the embodiment shown in FIG. By means of this switching means 19, either the filtrate side of the filter modules 10 optionally a flow connection to the or the return line (s) 7 can be provided, or a flow connection to the Rückspülflüssigkeitsquelle 16 are provided in the filtration operation is thus the filtered water in the water reservoir 3 traceable, in Cleaning or backwashing operation, the backwashing liquid is introduced into a filter module 10 on the filtrate side in the case of a shut-off device 15 which is open at the same time. In such a backwashing process, the backwashing liquid can be introduced into the filtrate space 13 of a filter module 10 and penetrates the backwashing liquid into the inner lumens of the hollow fibers. Subsequently, the backwash liquid passes through the walls of the hollow fiber membranes and enters the feed space 11 of the filter module 10, and can be discharged or disposed of in the drain 17. This corresponds to a reversal of the flow direction via a filter module 10 in comparison to the filtration operation. As an alternative to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a plurality of switching means may also be provided, for example a shut-off element associated with the backwash liquid source 16 and a shut-off element associated with the return line (s) 7.

The backwash liquid source 16 may be formed, for example, by a detergent container containing storage container, from which the detergent is introduced by means of a pumping device into a filter module. Preferably, as shown in Fig. 1, the Rückspülflüssigkeitsquelle 16 formed by a drinking water supply 20, which in turn preferably without interposition of a separate conveyor, via the switching means 19 and the shut-off 15 selectively shut off or flow-through filtrateseitig with the filter modules 10 is line connected. Thus, the respective existing drinking water pressure can be used as a driving force for backwashing the filter modules 10.

To compensate for pressure fluctuations, or if the drinking water supply 20 has a very high water pressure, it may be expedient in a common drinking water supply line for the filter modules 10 a pressure reducer 21 to arrange. As can also be seen from the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, it may also be expedient to arrange a metering device 22 for metering in cleaning chemicals in the common drinking water supply line for the filter modules 10. In this way, the backwashing or drinking water detergents, such as surfactants or else

Disinfectants are added to improve the cleaning efficiency during a backwash process. The cleaning chemicals can be, for example, from one or more chemical source (s) 23, such as chemical tanks or other suitable for storage of the corresponding chemicals containers removed.

Regardless of the type or exact composition of the backwashing liquid, a filter module 10 is preferably with a Rückspülflüssigkeitsvolumsstrom between 70 l / m ² _mem * h and 700 l / m ² _mem * h and a flow rate of Rückspülwassers through the filter module between 0.02 backwashed m / s and 1.0 m / s. Volume flows or flow velocities of the backwashing liquid in the stated ranges have proven to be expedient in order to achieve an efficient, as complete as possible cleaning of the hollow fiber membranes of a filter module 10.

In particular, the water treatment system 1 comprises, as can be seen from FIG. 1, a gas supply device 24. The gas supply device 24 can be selectively shut off or flowed through to filter modules 10 of the membrane filtration device for cleaning the filter modules 10. In addition, the gas supply device 24 for circulation and mixing of the water 2 in the water reservoir 3 is optionally shut off or flow-through with the or the return line (s) 7 of the circulation recirculation device 4 line connected.

The gas supply device 24 can be formed by various gas sources, for example gas cylinders or gas cartridges, which contain gases suitable for gas purging of the filter modules. For example, gas sources are suitable, which in particular include inert gases under overpressure. From such gas sources, the gas can be supplied to the filter modules 10, for example via pressure reducing valves. Preferably, the gas supply device 24 is formed by an air blower 25. To select shut off or open the line connections between the gas supply device 24 and the feed space 11 of the filter modules 10, a common shut-off device 26 is provided in the embodiment of FIG. For selectively shutting off or opening the line connections between the gas supply device 24 and the or the return sl ei tion (s) 7 of the circulation recirculation device 4 at least one further shut-off device 27 is provided. As a result, on the one hand, the hollow-fiber membranes of the filter modules 10 can be flushed with the gas on the cover side. On the other hand, for periodic or demand-dependent circulation or mixing of the water 2 in the water reservoir 3, the gas can also be introduced into the water reservoir 3 at one or more points. In order to ensure a sufficient mixing of the water 2 in the water reservoir 3, the gas is preferably introduced into the water reservoir 3 at periodic time intervals between 0.05 Nm ³ / m ³ _wr * h and 5 Nm ³ / m ³ _wr * h , It can be provided that the gas supply device 24 is either used for flushing the filter modules 10, or is used for circulation or mixing of the water 2 in the water reservoir 3.

Flushing of the filter modules 10 with gas is preferably carried out simultaneously with a backwashing of the filter modules 10 described above, the gas preferably being introduced into the filter modules via at least two gas inlet connections 28 on the filter modules 10 to improve the cleaning efficiency for the filter modules 10 10 is introduced.

In order to interrupt the filtering operation for the cleaning process, the shut-off device of the flow control device 14 can be closed in order to separate the filter modules 10 fluidically from the extraction line (s) 6. At the same time, the obturator 18 can be opened in order to fluidically connect the filter modules to the outlet 17. Furthermore, the switching means 19 can be switched to separate the filter modules 10 fluidically from the or the return line (s) 7, and to connect the filter modules 10 fluidly with the backwashing liquid source 16. For the introduction of gas into the feed space 11 of the filter modules 10, the obturator 26 can be opened, and thus all filter modules 10 are purged simultaneously with gas, wherein the purge gas passes through the feed space 11 from bottom to top, and be discharged via the drain 17 can. Preferably, a cleaning process for the membranes of the filter modules 10 is carried out such that at the same time all filter modules 10 gas is introduced in the feed side, and in sequential order each definable subsets of the filter modules 10 are backwash with the backwash liquid reversing the flow direction over the filter modules 10. For this purpose, subsets of the filter modules 10 on the filtrate side associated shut-off valves 15 can be opened or closed in a sequential sequence. For example, in the cleaning operation, first the two filter modules 10 shown on the left in FIG. 1 can be backwashed by opening the shutoff valves 15 assigned to these two filter modules 10 by opening the backwashing liquid. Subsequently, the backwashing process for the two filter modules 10 shown on the left in FIG. 1 can be ended by closing these two shut-off elements 15, and then the two filter modules 10 shown on the right in FIG. 1 by opening the shut-off liquid 15 associated with these two filter modules 10 be backwashed. Subsequently, the backwashing process for these two filter modules 10 shown on the right in FIG. 1 can be terminated by closing the two shutoff valves 15 associated with these filter modules 10.

However, it can also be expedient for a cleaning process for the membranes of the filter modules 10 to be carried out in such a way that gas is introduced simultaneously into all filter modules 10, and in a sequential sequence, each filter module 10 individually with the backwash liquid, reversing the flow direction over the Filter modules 10 is backwashed.

During the cleaning operation for the filter modules 10 in each filter module 10, a gas flow rate between 0.2 Nm ³ / m ² _mem * h and 5.0 Nm ³ / m ² is preferred _mem * h at a flow velocity of the gas in the filter module from 0, 1 m / s and 2 m / s. A cleaning process by backwashing and simultaneous gas purging the membranes of a filter module 10 is preferably terminated by the supply of drinking water is stopped in the filter module, which in the filter module remaining backwashing what ser displaced by the gas, and is discharged through a drain, and Filter module is filled with drinking water before resuming the filtration operation. Cleaning of the filter modules can take place, for example, in periodic, definable time intervals. Furthermore, it may also be expedient to perform a cleaning or gas-assisted backwashing of the filter modules 10 as needed. In particular, it is expedient to carry out a gas-assisted backwashing of the filter modules 10 when - due to deposits on the membrane walls - a decrease in the flow rate is detected via a filter module 10 during the filtration operation.

In order to detect the water flow rate through the filter modules 10 in filtration operation, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the circulation recirculation device 4 comprises a flow rate sensor 29. Thus, a cleaning process or gas-assisted backflushing process for the filter modules 10 can be achieved Threshold for the flow rate can be made. In principle, a cleaning process can be initiated both manually and automatically. Preferably, a cleaning process is initiated and carried out by a correspondingly programmed control device of the water treatment system 1, so that a particularly efficient operation of the water treatment system 1 can be provided.

Alternatively and / or additionally, the circulation recirculation device 4 may comprise at least two pressure sensors 30 for detecting the pressure loss across the filter modules 10 during filtration operation, and a cleaning process for the filter modules 10 may be carried out if a definable threshold value for the pressure loss is exceeded via the filter modules 10. be initiated.

To resume the filtration operation after backwashing en all filter modules 10, the obturator 18 can be closed, and the switching means 19 are switched back into the filtration mode to fluidly connect the filter modules 10 with the or the return line (s) 7, and the filter modules 10 fluidically from the backwashing liquid source 16. After opening the shut-off or flow control member 14, and opening all shut-off valves 15, the filtration operation can be resumed.

To further improve the treatment of the water 2 in the water reservoir 3, the circulation recirculation device 4 of the water treatment system 1, an activated carbon filter 31, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1. By means of such an activated carbon filter 31, especially in the water 2 dissolved, non-particulate substances, in particular low molecular weight organic compounds from the water are removable. As shown in FIG. 1, an activated carbon filter 31 is preferably selectively shut off or flow-connected to the lines of the circulation recirculation device 4 line connected. As a result, the water 2 can be selectively guided - by opening the valves 32 and closing the valve 33 - over the activated carbon filter 31, or the water 2 - by opening the valve 33 and closing the valves 32 - without passing through the activated carbon filter 31 into the water reservoir 3 are guided. This may be useful, for example, to prevent removal of substances desired in the water, for example while the water reservoir 3 is being used for bathing.

For all above-mentioned shut-off valves and / or flow control devices 14, 15, 18, 19, 26, 27, 32 and 33 applies that can be used for shutting off or opening of line connections Ab- shut-off valves or organs of various kinds, for example, so-called On / off valves'. Both manually adjustable and electronically automatically adjustable valves can be used. Preferably electronically controllable valves are used so that the operation of the water treatment system 1 is made possible by means of automatic or programmable controls. In the case of a flow control element, in particular continuously variable valves can be used.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the circulation recirculation device 4 may also comprise one or more ion exchangers 34. For reasons of clarity, only one ion exchanger 34 is shown in FIG. Such ion exchangers 34 may be configured as cation exchangers or anion exchangers, and may advantageously be used primarily to remove ionic nutrient compounds from the water 2 by passing the water in the circulating recirculation device 4 through one or more ion exchangers 34. Furthermore, it may be expedient to arrange a metering device 35 in the circulation recirculation device 4 of the water treatment system 1, by means of which metering device 35 from a chemical source 36 antimicrobial substances in the water can be introduced. For example, such an admixture of silver nanoparticles in the water 2 is possible.

Finally, the water treatment system 1 can comprise a metering device 37, by means of which 38 fragrances can be added to the water from a fragrance source 38. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, such a metering device 37 is arranged in the circulation recirculation device 4. In principle, a blending of fragrances can at best also take place directly in the water reservoir 3. The embodiments show possible embodiments of the water treatment system and the method for water treatment, it being noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to Teaching for technical action by objective invention in the skill of those working in this technical field is the expert.

Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions.

The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description. All statements about value ranges in the present description are to be understood as encompassing any and all subsections thereof, eg the indication 1 to 10 is to be understood as encompassing all subareas, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10 are, ie all sub-areas begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end at an upper limit of 10 or less, eg 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8, 1, or 5.5 to 10. Above all, the individual embodiments shown in FIG. 1 can form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures. For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the design of the water treatment system, this or its components have been shown schematically and in part unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

Water treatment system 31 Activated carbon filter

Water 32 valve

Water reservoir J J valve

Circuit designation 34 Ion exchanger

Conveying device 35 metering device

Extraction line 36 Chemical source

Return line 37 Metering device

Filter device 38 fragrance source

Membrane filtration device

filter module

loading space

sealant

filtrate

Flow control member

shutoff

Rückspülflüssigkeitsquelle

outflow

shutoff

switching

drinking water supply

pressure reducer

metering

chemical source

Gas supply means

air blower

shutoff

Gas inlet port

Flow sensor

pressure sensor

Claims

Patent claims

1. Water treatment system (1) for the treatment of in a water reservoir (3), for example, in a swimming pool, pond or aquarium befindlichem water (2), in particular for cleaning and disinfecting the water (2) comprising

a circulation recirculation device (4) having a conveying device (5), one or more Entnähmet device (s) (6) for removing a definable amount of water (2) from the water reservoir (3) per unit time, and one or more return line (7) for returning the water (2) to the water reservoir (3); - One in the circulation recirculation device (4) arranged membrane filtration device (9), which comprises a plurality of fluidically connected filter modules (10), wherein the filter modules (10) feed side selectively shut off or flow through with the or the Entnähmet device (s) (6) and The filter modules (10) on the filtrate side can be shut off or flowed through selectively with a backwashing liquid source (16) and are connected to the feed side for cleaning the filter modules (10) optionally shut-off or throughflow with a drain (17) are line-connected, characterized in that it comprises a gas supply device (24) for cleaning the filter modules (10) of the membrane filtration device (9) selectively shut off or flow through the feed side with the filter modules (10 ) line verb is unden, so that all filter modules (10) can be purged with gas, and which gas supply device (24) for circulation and mixing of the water (2) in the water reservoir (3) selectively shut off or can be flowed through with the or the return line (s) (7) the circulation recirculation device (4) is line-connected.

2. Water treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter modules (10) have at least two gas inlet connections (28).

3. Water treatment system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each filter module (10) of the membrane filtration device (9) filtratseitig a shut-off valve (15) is assigned, so that the filter modules (10) each independently by means of the Rückspülflüssigkeitsquelle (16) are backwashed.

4. Water treatment system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter modules (10) of the membrane filtration device (9) on the feed side via a common shut-off or flow control member (14) with the or the Entnähmet (s) (6) are line connected and the filter modules (10) are line-connected to the discharge (17) via a common flow control or shut-off device (18), and that the filter modules (10) are connected to the recycling line (s) (at least) via at least one switching means (19). 7) of the circulation recirculation device (4) and the backwashing liquid source (16) are line-connected.

5. Water treatment system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the backwash liquid source (16) is formed by a drinking water supply line (20).

6. Water treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that the

Filter modules (10) without the interposition of a conveyor device with the drinking water supply line (20) are line connected.

7. Water treatment system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the drinking water supply line (20) for the filter modules (10) is associated with a pressure reducer (21).

8. Water treatment system according to one or more of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the drinking water supply (20) is associated with a metering device (22) for metering of cleaning chemicals in the drinking water.

9. Water treatment system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circulating recirculation device (4) comprises a flow rate sensor (29) for detecting the flow rate of the water (2) via the filter modules (10) in the filtration operation.

10. Water treatment system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circulating recirculation device (4) at least two pressure sensors (30) for detecting the pressure loss across the filter modules (10) in the filtration operation comprises.

11. Water treatment system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circulation recirculation device (4) comprises an activated carbon filter (31).

12. Water treatment system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circulation recirculation device (4) comprises an ion exchanger (34) for the removal of ionic nutrient compounds.

13. Water treatment system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a metering device (37) for the addition of perfumes in the water (2).

14. Water treatment system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a metering device (35) for the addition of antimicrobial substances in the water (2).

15. Water treatment system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number and the filtration capacity of the filter modules (10) are selected such that by the recirculation and filtration of the water (2) a removal rate for microorganisms can be achieved, which is greater than that Growth rate of the microorganisms in the water (2) in the same time interval.

16. Water treatment system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number and the filtration capacity of the filter modules (10) are selected such that the total in the water reservoir (3) contained volume of water (2), per day at least 1 time and preferably between 2 and 10 times by means of the membrane filtration device (9) can be filtered.

17. A method for the treatment of in a water reservoir (3), for example in a swimming pool, pond or aquarium befindlichem water (2), in particular for cleaning and sterilizing the water (2), comprising:

Removing a definable amount of water (2) per unit time from the water reservoir (3) via one or more withdrawal line (s) (6) of a circulation recirculation device (4);

Filtration of the extracted subset of the water (2) by means of a in the circulation circulation device (4) arranged membrane filtration device (9), wherein the membrane filtration device (9) comprises a plurality of fluidly connected in parallel te filter modules (10);

Recycling the water into the water reservoir (3) via one or more recirculation lines (7) of the circulation recirculation device (4);

Periodic or demand-dependent cleaning of the membranes of the filter modules (10) by backwashing with a backwash liquid, reversing the flow direction over the filter modules (10) compared to the filtration operation and discharging the waste liquid obtained during backwashing via a drain (17),

characterized in that for cleaning the membranes of the filter modules (10) of the membrane filtration device (9) by means of a gas supply device (24) on the charging side gas in the filter modules (10) is introduced, or by means of the gas supply device (24) the gas periodically or as needed Circulation of the water (2) in the water reservoir (3) at one or more points in the water reservoir (3) is initiated.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that a cleaning process for the membranes of the filter modules (10) is carried out such that at the same time in all filter modules (10) feed side gas is introduced, and in sequential sequence each definable subsets of the filter modules (10). with the backwashing liquid, reversing the flow direction via the filter modules (10) are backwashed.

19. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that a cleaning process for the membranes of the filter modules (10) is carried out in such a way that gas is introduced simultaneously into all filter modules (10) on the feed side, and in a sequential sequence each filter module (10 ) is backwashed individually with the backwash liquid, reversing the flow direction, via the filter modules (10).

20. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the filter modules (10) are backwashed with drinking water.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the drinking water during the backwashing ens a filter module (10) cleaning chemicals are added.

22. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that a filter module (10) with a Rückspülflüssigkeitsvolumsstrom between 70 l / m ² _mem * h and 700 l / m ² _mem * h and a flow rate of the backwash liquid in the filter module (10) between 0.02 m / s and 1.0 m / s backwashed.

23. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that a filter module (10) on the feed side with a gas volume flow between

0.2 Nm ³ / m ² _mem * h and 5.0 Nm ³ / m ² _mem * h and a flow rate of the gas in the filter module (10) between 0.1 m / s and 2 m / s are cleaned.

24. The method according to one or more of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that for the completion of a cleaning and backwashing process for a filter module

(10) the supply of drinking water is stopped in the filter module (10), the backwash water remaining in the filter module (10) is displaced by the gas and discharged via a drain (17), and the filter module (10) before resuming the filtration operation Drinking water is filled.

25. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that in the filtration operation, the flow rate of the water (2) via the filter modules (10) is detected, and a cleaning process for the filter modules (10) at a falling below a definable threshold for the flow rate is made.

26. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 25, characterized in that in the filtration operation of the pressure loss across the filter modules (10) is detected, and a cleaning process for the filter modules (10) is made when exceeding a definable threshold for the pressure loss.

27. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 26, characterized in that for circulating the water (2) in the water reservoir (3) in periodic time intervals gas with a gas volume flow between 0.05 Nm ³ / m ³ _wr * h and 5 Nm ³ / m ³ _wr * h is introduced into the water reservoir (3).

28. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 27, characterized in that the water (2) via a fluidically in the circulation recirculation device (4) arranged activated carbon filter (31) is guided.

29. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that ionic nutrient compounds are removed from the water (2) by means of an ion exchanger (34) arranged in terms of flow technology in the circulation recirculation device (4).

30. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 29, characterized in that the water (2) by means of a metering device (22) fragrances are added.

31. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 30, characterized in that the water (2) by means of a metering device (37) antimicrobial substances are added.

32. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 31, characterized in that the per unit time by means of the circulating recirculation device (4) from the water reservoir (3) removed subset of the water (2) is selected such that by the recirculation and filtration of the Water (2) a removal rate for microorganisms is greater, which is greater than the growth rate of the microorganisms in the water (2) in the same time interval.

33. The method according to one or more of claims 17 to 32, characterized in that the per unit time by means of the circulation recirculation device (4) from the water reservoir (3) removed subset of the water (2) is selected such that the total in the water reservoir (3 ) volume of water (2), per day at least 1 time, and preferably between 2 times and 10 times by means of the membrane filtration plant (9) is filtered.