EP3256623A1 - Aluminerie et procédé de compensation d'un champ magnétique créé par la circulation du courant d'électrolyse de cette aluminerie - Google Patents
Aluminerie et procédé de compensation d'un champ magnétique créé par la circulation du courant d'électrolyse de cette aluminerieInfo
- Publication number
- EP3256623A1 EP3256623A1 EP16748782.6A EP16748782A EP3256623A1 EP 3256623 A1 EP3256623 A1 EP 3256623A1 EP 16748782 A EP16748782 A EP 16748782A EP 3256623 A1 EP3256623 A1 EP 3256623A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrolysis
- current
- compensation
- intensity
- upstream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 359
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 209
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 131
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009626 Hall-Héroult process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum smelter for the production of aluminum by electrolysis, and a method of compensating the vertical and horizontal components of a magnetic field generated by the circulation of an electrolysis current in this smelter.
- an electrolytic cell comprising a steel box inside which is arranged a coating of refractory materials, a cathode of carbon material, crossed by cathode conductors for collecting the electrolysis current at the cathode to lead to cathode outlets through the bottom or sides of the box, routing conductors extending substantially horizontally to the next tank from the cathode outlets, an electrolytic bath in which is dissolved alumina at least one anode assembly having at least one anode immersed in said electrolytic bath, an anode frame to which the anode assembly is suspended, and electrolysis current rise conductors extending from bottom to top connected to the conductors for routing the preceding electrolytic cell to convey the electrolysis current from the cathode outlets to the anodic frame e and the anode assembly and the anode of the next vat.
- the anodes are more particularly of anode type pre
- Aluminum production plants, or aluminum smelters traditionally comprise several hundred electrolytic cells, aligned transversely in parallel queues and connected in series.
- MHD magnetohydrodynamic instabilities
- the horizontal components of the magnetic field are the most antisymmetric possible in liquids (electrolytic bath and metal sheet).
- liquids electrolytic bath and metal sheet.
- antisymmetric means that when we move perpendicular to the central axis of the tank, parallel to the relevant component of the field, and when we go located at equal distance on either side of this central axis, the value of the component considered is opposite.
- the antisymmetry of the horizontal components of the magnetic field is the configuration providing the most symmetrical interface interface and as flat as possible in the tank.
- the main advantage of self-compensation is the use of the electrolysis current itself to compensate for MHD instabilities.
- Another solution for reducing MHD instabilities consists in using a secondary electrical circuit, or external loop, along the rows of electrolysis cells, on the sides.
- This secondary electrical circuit is traversed by a current whose intensity equals a predetermined percentage of the intensity of the electrolysis current.
- the outer loop generates a magnetic field that compensates for the effects of the magnetic field created by the electrolysis current of the next row of electrolysis cells.
- the external loop compensation solution has the advantage of having a secondary circuit independent of the main circuit traversed by the electrolysis current.
- the arrangement of the secondary circuit, located on the sides of the tank lines near the short sides of the boxes, at the height of the bath-metal interface, allows compensation of the vertical component without impacting the horizontal components of the magnetic field.
- the external loop compensation solution significantly reduces the length, mass and electrical losses of the routing conductors, but requires an additional power station and additional independent secondary electrical circuit.
- the external loop compensation solution involves a combination of magnetic fields, with the current of the series, creating a very strong total ambient field, so that it implies constraints on operations and equipment (for example shielding necessary vehicles), and so that the magnetic field of a queue impacts the stability of the tanks of the next file.
- constraints on operations and equipment for example shielding necessary vehicles
- the magnetic field of a queue impacts the stability of the tanks of the next file.
- junction portion of the electrolysis circuit and the secondary circuit joining the ends of two adjacent rows of electrolytic cells tends to destabilize the end of the tank.
- this portion of the secondary circuit it is possible to configure this portion of the secondary circuit according to a predetermined path, as is known from patent FR2868436, to correct the magnetic field so that the impact on the tanks end-to-end becomes acceptable.
- this path lengthens the length of the secondary circuit, therefore the material cost.
- the usual solution is to move the junction portion of the secondary circuit and the electrolysis circuit of the tanks located at the end of the line, but this increases the space requirement in addition to increasing the length of the electrical conductors so the material and energy cost.
- the present invention aims to overcome all or part of these disadvantages by providing an aluminum smelter with a magnetic configuration for having very magnetically stable tanks, and offering improved compactness.
- the present invention also relates to a method of compensating a magnetic field created by the circulation of an electrolysis current in this aluminum smelter.
- the subject of the present invention is an aluminum plant comprising at least one row of electrolysis cells arranged transversely with respect to the length of said at least one line, one of the electrolytic cells comprising anode assemblies and electrical conductors. mounting and connecting to the anode assemblies, characterized in that the rising and connecting electrical conductors extend upwardly along two opposite longitudinal edges of the electrolytic cell to conduct the electrolysis current to the assemblies anodic, and in that the smelter includes
- At least one first compensation electric circuit extending under the electrolytic cells, said at least one first compensation electric circuit being traversed by a first compensation current intended to flow under the electrolysis cells in the opposite direction of the direction overall circulation of the electrolysis current,
- At least one second compensation electric circuit extending over at least one side of said at least one electrolysis cell line, said at least one second compensation electric circuit that can be traversed by a second compensation current for circulating in the same direction as the overall flow direction of the electrolysis current.
- the aluminum plant according to the invention offers the advantage of having vessels that are very stable magnetically, since they compensate both the horizontal and vertical components of the magnetic field generated by the circulation of the electrolysis current, which makes it possible to improve the overall efficiency, and this without negative impact on the size of the smelter according to the invention since the first compensation electric circuit extends under the electrolysis tanks.
- the rising and connecting electrical conductors comprise upstream and upstream electrical connection conductors, adjacent to the upstream longitudinal edge of the electrolytic cell, and adjacent upstream and downstream electrical connection conductors.
- the aluminum smelter is configured so that the distribution of the electrolysis current is asymmetrical between the upstream and downstream electrical up and down conductors, the intensity of the upstream electrolysis current intended to cover all the upstream electrical conductors and upstream connection of the electrolysis cell being equal to 50-100 [% of the intensity of the electrolysis current, and the intensity of the downstream electrolysis current intended to traverse all the electrical conductors of upstream and downstream connection of the electrolytic cell being equal to] 0-50 [% of the intensity of the current electrolysis, the sum of the intensities of the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents being equal to the intensity of the electrolysis current.
- An advantage of these characteristics is to enable the magnetic field to be effectively compensated for a large electrolytic cell, in particular of large width, without any additional cost of raw materials.
- the applicant has observed that the aluminum plant according to the present invention makes it possible to introduce an asymmetry in the distribution of the electrolysis current between the upstream and the downstream of the electrolytic cells without detrimental increase of the section of the electrical conductors of routing, while having electrolysis cells very stable magnetically.
- the smelter comprises a feed station configured to circulate through said at least one first compensation electric circuit a first intensity compensation current equal to twice the current intensity of downstream electrolysis, within plus or minus 20%, and preferably within plus or minus 10%.
- An advantage of this characteristic is that for this value of the intensity of the first compensation current, which is a direct function of the distribution of the electrolysis current between the upstream and the downstream of the electrolysis cells, the applicant has observed that the horizontal magnetic field generated by the first compensation electric circuit precisely corrects the asymmetry of the horizontal magnetic field resulting from the dissymmetry between the upstream and downstream electrolysis current, and this, in order to have an antisymmetric distribution of the horizontal components of the field
- This first compensating current also makes it possible to partially correct the vertical magnetic field, as a function of the distribution between the upstream and downstream electrolysis current of the tank, in order to reduce the MHD instabilities in the tank.
- the smelter comprises a feed station configured to circulate through said at least one second compensation electric circuit a second intensity compensation current of between 50% and 100% of the difference between intensity between the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents, and preferably between 80% and 100% of the difference in intensity between the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents.
- intensity of the second compensation current is meant the sum of the currents flowing in the conductors forming the second compensation circuit, especially when the second compensation circuit consists of two conductors (or loops) arranged on either side of the electrolysis tank.
- the vertical magnetic field generated by the second compensation electric circuit corrects the vertical magnetic field generated by the electrolysis current flowing in the main electrical circuit (tank-to-tank circuit) and already partly corrected by the current flowing in the first compensation circuit.
- the electrical conductors of rise and connection are distributed at regular intervals along the longitudinal edge of the electrolysis cell to which these electrical conductors of rise and connection are adjacent.
- An advantage of this characteristic is to have a uniform distribution over the entire length of the vessel of the horizontal longitudinal component of the magnetic field (that is to say, parallel to the length of the electrolytic cell), which allows to facilitate its compensation via the first compensation circuit.
- the rising and connecting electrical conductors are advantageously arranged symmetrically with respect to the transverse median plane XZ of the electrolysis cells, which makes it possible to obtain an antisymmetric distribution of the transverse component of the magnetic field along X.
- the upstream electrical connection and upstream connection conductors and the downstream electrical connection and connection conductors are located equidistant from a longitudinal median plane YZ of the electrolysis cell.
- the upstream electrical connection and upstream connection conductors and the upstream electrical connection and connection conductors are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to said longitudinal median plane YZ of the electrolysis cell.
- This configuration combined with the first compensation circuit, ensures perfect antisymmetry of the longitudinal component of the magnetic field along Y.
- said at least one first compensation electric circuit comprises electrical conductors extending under the electrolytic cells together forming a sheet consisting of a plurality of parallel electrical conductors, typically from two to twelve, and preferably from three to ten parallel electrical conductors.
- the number of parallel conductors required depends in part on the distance between the liquids and the same conductors. The greater the distance, the smaller the number of drivers, the shorter the distance, the higher the number of drivers.
- the first compensation electric circuit is configured so that the first compensation current flows in the same direction through all the electrical conductors of the sheet.
- the intensity of the first compensation current corresponds to the sum of the intensities of the currents flowing in each of the parallel electrical conductors of the sheet extending under the tanks.
- the electrical conductors of said sheet are arranged at regular intervals from each other in a longitudinal direction Y of the electrolysis cells.
- the electrical conductors of said ply are arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to a transverse median plane XZ of the electrolysis cells.
- the electrical conductors of said sheet are arranged in the same horizontal plane XY.
- An advantage of these features is to further improve the unfavorable magnetic field compensation.
- said at least one second compensation electric circuit comprises electrical conductors extending on each side of said at least one row of electrolysis cells, and the second compensation current flows in the same direction as the direction of overall circulation of the electrolysis current on each side of the electrolysis cells.
- the electrical conductors of said at least one second compensation electric circuit form an inner loop and an outer loop, and thus provide improved compensation of the magnetic field.
- internal loop is meant the loop being closest to the neighboring queue and external loop, the loop being the furthest.
- the intensity of a second compensation current flowing in an internal loop of said at least one second compensation circuit differs from the intensity of a second compensation current flowing in an external loop of said at least one second compensation circuit.
- This characteristic makes it possible to compensate for the residual vertical magnetic field of the neighboring queue.
- the intensity of the second compensation current corresponds to the sum of the intensities of the currents flowing in each of the loops.
- the intensity of the second compensation current flowing in the inner loop is greater than the intensity of the second compensation current flowing in the outer loop.
- This neighboring queue creates a magnetic field proportional to a stream of the series to which the downstream electrolysis current is subtracted twice, whereas a series of "conventional" electrolysis will undergo a magnetic field directly proportional to the totality of the current. electrolysis.
- the disturbing field created by the neighboring queue is much smaller and requires a much smaller correction. Therefore, regarding the second compensation circuit, the difference between the intensity of the inner loop and that of the outer loop will be much smaller than in the case of patent EP0204647 and the gap between the two rows of tanks can be minimized.
- the electrical conductors forming the second electrical compensation circuit are substantially symmetrical with respect to a median transverse plane XZ of the electrolysis cells.
- the electrical conductors of the second compensation electric circuit extend in the same horizontal plane XY, preferably up to a sheet of liquid aluminum formed inside the electrolysis cells during of the electrolysis reaction.
- This arrangement improves the compensation of the vertical magnetic field without impacting the horizontal component of the field already compensated by the first compensation circuit.
- the aluminum plant comprises two consecutive and parallel rows of electrolysis cells, and the circuit of the inner loop forms at the end of the line means of compensation for "end of line” effects caused by the connecting conductors between the queues, which provides more magnetic stability and thus improves the performance of the end tanks.
- said at least one first compensation electric circuit is independent of the main electrical circuit traversed by the electrolysis current.
- This characteristic has the advantage of limiting the consequences of a damage such as an electrolysis cell piercing by the liquids contained in this electrolytic cell.
- this characteristic is advantageous in terms of scalability since it makes it possible to vary the intensity of the first compensation current to adjust the magnetic compensation.
- An adjustment of the magnetic compensation is useful when the electrolysis vessels are modified, because the magnetic configuration of these electrolysis cells is modified, or to adapt the stirring of the alumina to the quality of this alumina (which allows to maintain optimal performance despite the different quality of alumina).
- said at least one second compensation electric circuit is independent of the main electrical circuit traversed by the electrolysis current.
- this has an advantage in terms of scalability since it makes it possible to vary the intensity of the first compensation current to adjust the magnetic compensation.
- the electrolysis cell has a modular electrical construction in N modules repeated in the direction of its length, each module comprising electrical conductors configured to generate the same predetermined magnetic configuration.
- This characteristic is advantageous in terms of scalability: it allows modifications of the electrolytic cell, for example an enlargement by adding one or more modules, without modifying the principle of magnetic equilibration of the electrolytic cell.
- each electrical module has the same arrangement of electrical conductors, each electrical conductor of an electrical module being traversed by the same intensity and the same direction of current as the corresponding electrical conductor of an adjacent electrical module.
- the electrical conductors of each module include electrical risers and connectors, anode assemblies, cathodes, cathode conductors, cathode outlets, electrical conductors, and conductors. electrically of the electrical conductor ply of the first compensation electric circuit.
- These electrical conductors are arranged relative to each other in the same way from one module to another.
- each electrical module comprises the same number of electrical conductors of the electrical conductor ply of the first compensation electric circuit.
- the electrolysis cells of the smelter comprise all or part of the aforementioned characteristics of the electrolytic cell.
- the invention also relates to a method for compensating a magnetic field created by the circulation of an electrolysis current in a plurality of electrolysis cells of an aluminum smelter having the aforementioned characteristics, the method comprising:
- this method provides effective magnetic compensation of the magnetic field generated by the circulation of the electrolysis current in the series of electrolysis cells of the aluminum plant, by limiting the bulk.
- the process comprises an asymmetrical distribution of the electrolysis current between the upstream and downstream electrolysis cells, the set of electrical conductors upstream and connection upstream of the electrolysis tanks.
- electrolysis being traversed by an upstream electrolysis current of intensity of between 50-100 [% of the intensity of the electrolysis current, and all of the electrical conductors for rising and connecting downstream of the tanks electrolysis being traversed by a downstream electrolysis current of intensity between 0-50 [% of the intensity of the electrolysis current, the sum of the intensities of the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents being equal to intensity of the electrolysis current.
- This method makes it possible to obtain magnetically stable electrolytic cells, even when the electrolysis cells are large, in particular of great width.
- the yield can thus be substantially increased.
- the intensity of the first compensation current is equal to twice the intensity of the downstream electrolysis current, within plus or minus 20%, and preferably within plus or minus 10%.
- the intensity of the second compensation current is between 50% and 100% of the difference in intensity between the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents, and preferably between 80% and 100% of the difference in intensity between the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents.
- the vertical magnetic field generated by the second compensation electric circuit precisely corrects the remaining vertical magnetic field, resulting from the sum of the vertical magnetic field of the electrolysis current (tank-to-tank circuit) and the first compensation circuit.
- said at least one second compensation electric circuit comprises an inner loop and an outer loop, and wherein the intensity of a second compensation current flowing in the inner loop differs from the intensity of a second compensation current flowing in the outer loop.
- the intensity of the second compensation current flowing in the inner loop is greater than the intensity of the second compensation current flowing in the outer loop.
- the method comprises a step of analyzing at least one characteristic of the alumina in at least one of the electrolysis cells of said aluminum smelter, and the determination of the intensity values of the first flow of compensation and the second compensation current to be circulated according to said at least one analyzed characteristic.
- the method makes it possible to modify the magnetic compensation, to deliberately induce, in particular cases, a modification of the flow in the liquid and flow velocities while controlling (weakly degrading) the MHD instabilities of the bath / metal interface.
- the flow of liquids contributes to stir the alumina, which, depending on the speed and shape of the flow as well as the quality of the alumina, can improve the yield.
- This preferred embodiment therefore makes it possible to improve the yield by optimizing the flow to dissolve the alumina while controlling the level of "degradation" of the MHD stability of the bath / metal interface.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an aluminum smelter according to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of two successive electrolysis cells of the state of the art
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic wired view of the electrical circuit traversed by the electrolysis current in the two electrolysis cells of FIG. 2,
- FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view along a vertical longitudinal plane of an electrolysis cell of the state of the art
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an aluminum plant according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of two successive electrolysis cells of an aluminum plant according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view in section along a longitudinal plane YZ of an electrolysis cell of an aluminum plant according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a wired schematic view of the electrical circuit traversed by the electrolysis current in an electrolysis cell of an aluminum plant according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a table showing the intensity of the electrolysis current flowing through each segment of FIG. 8,
- FIGS. 10 to 12 are schematic wire-plane views of the electrical circuit traversed by the electrolysis current in an electrolysis cell of an aluminum smelter according to one embodiment of the invention, showing for this electrolytic cell the zones generating a significant magnetic field
- FIG. 13 is a table showing the contribution of each segment of FIGS. 10 to 12 in the calculation of the vertical component of the magnetic field generated by the circulation of the electrolysis current
- FIG. 14 is a table showing the contribution of each segment of FIGS. 10 to 12 in the calculation of the longitudinal horizontal component of the magnetic field generated by the circulation of the electrolysis current.
- FIG 1 shows an aluminum smelter 100 of the state of the art.
- the aluminum smelter 100 comprises electrolysis tanks arranged transversely to the length of the line they form.
- the electrolysis tanks are here aligned in two rows 101, 102 parallel.
- These electrolytic cells are traversed by a current electrolysis l 0 o-
- Two circuits 104, 106 electrical compensation extend on the sides of the lines 101, 102 to compensate for the magnetic field generated by the current flow 10 l o electrolysis of one electrolysis cell to another and in the neighboring queue.
- the circuits 104, power compensation 106 are respectively driven by the currents 10 4 l 0 6 flowing in the same direction as the electrolysis current l 10 o Stations 108 power supply series of electrolysis tanks and the electrical compensation circuits 104, 106.
- the distance D 10 o between the electrolysis cells closest to the power stations 108 and the power supply stations 108 is of the order of 45m
- the distance D 300 on which the electrical circuits 104, 106 extend beyond the ends of the line is of the order of 45m
- the distance D 20 o between the two rows 101, 102 is of the order of 85 m to limit the magnetic disturbances from one line to the other.
- FIG. 2 shows two tanks 110 of traditional electrolysis consecutive of the same row of electrolytic cells.
- the electrolysis tank 110 comprises a box 112 lined internally with refractory materials 114, a cathode 116 and anodes 118 immersed in an electrolytic bath 120 at the bottom of which a layer 122 of metal is formed. 'aluminum.
- the cathode 116 is electrically connected to cathode conductors 124 which pass through the sides of the caisson 1 12 at cathode outlets 126.
- the cathode outlets 126 are connected to routing conductors 128 which convey the electrolysis current to the conductors. 130 rise and connection of a next electrolysis cell.
- FIG. 1 As can be seen in FIG.
- the electrolysis tank comprises a superstructure 132 which passes through it longitudinally, above the box 112 and the anodes 118.
- the superstructure 132 comprises in particular a beam resting on feet (not shown) at each of its longitudinal ends.
- the beam supports an anode frame 134, this anode frame 134 also extending longitudinally over the well 1 12 and the anodes 118.
- the anode frame 134 supports the anode assemblies, the latter being electrically connected to the anode frame 134.
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the path traveled by the electrolysis current 10 o in each of the electrolytic cells 110 and between two adjacent electrolysis cells 10 such as those represented in FIG. 2. It is notably noted that the rise of electrolysis current l 100 to the anode assembly of an electrolytic tank 1 10 is asymmetrical since this rise is carried out only upstream of the electrolytic cells 110 in the direction of global circulation of the current. electrolysis l 10 o in the queue (to the left of the tanks in Figures 2 and 3).
- FIG. 4 shows the arrangement on the sides of the tanks 1 10 of the state of the art of electrical conductors forming the electrical compensation circuits 104, 106, these electrical conductors being traversed respectively by the compensating currents l 0 4, oe flowing in the same direction as the current I 10 o electrolysis browsing here drivers 128 routing positioned below the vessel.
- FIG. 5 shows an aluminum smelter 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the aluminum smelter 1 is intended for the production of aluminum by electrolysis according to the Hall-Héroult process.
- the aluminum smelter 1 comprises a plurality of substantially rectangular electrolysis cells intended for the production of aluminum by electrolysis, these electrolytic cells being able to be aligned in one or more queues 2 which may be substantially parallel. Where appropriate, the queues 2 are connected electrically in series and supplied with IE electrolysis current.
- the aluminum smelter 1 also comprises a first compensation electric circuit 4, which extends under the lane or queues of electrolysis tanks, and a second electric compensation circuit 6, which extends over at least one side of the or 2 rows of electrolysis tanks. According to the example of FIG. 5, the second electrical compensation circuit 6 extends on both sides of each row 2 of electrolysis cells. Still according to the example of FIG.
- the aluminum plant comprises two rows of tanks arranged parallel to one another, fed by the same supply station 8, and electrically connected in series so that the current IE electrolysis circulating in the first of two rows of electrolysis 2 then circulates in the second of the two rows 2 of electrolysis cells.
- Electrolysis tanks are arranged transversely with respect to each row 2 that these electrolysis tanks form. It will be noted that per electrolysis tank 2 arranged transversely is meant electrolysis tank 2, the largest dimension of which, the length, is substantially perpendicular to the overall direction in which the electrolysis current IE flows.
- upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the global flow direction of the electrolysis current IE, that is to say the flow direction of the electrolysis current IE at the scale of the line 2 of electrolysis tanks.
- the electrolysis tanks of the aluminum smelter are preferably large electrolysis cells, the use of large electrolysis cells being made possible by the particular configuration of the electrolysis cells of the smelter. aluminum plant according to the invention, as described in more detail below.
- the dimensions of an electrolytic cell are defined by the ground surface that this electrolytic cell represents. For this we consider that the dimensions of the tank are defined by the external dimensions of its box.
- large electrolysis tank is meant electrolytic cell having a width greater than 4 m, preferably greater than or equal to 5 m, and in particular greater than or equal to 6 m, and / or having a length greater than 15 m. m, preferably greater than or equal to 20 m, and in particular greater than or equal to 25 m.
- FIG. 6 shows in more detail the electrolysis tanks of the aluminum plant 1 according to one embodiment.
- the electrolysis tanks 10 of the aluminum plant 1 comprise a box 12, anode assemblies 14, a cathode 16 crossed by cathodic electrical conductors 18 intended to collect the electrolysis current IE at the cathode 16 to drive it to other electrical conductors called cathode outlets 20 out of the box 12, electrical conductors rise and connect 22 to the anode assemblies 14 to conduct the electrolysis current IE to the anode assemblies 14, and conductors routing electrodes 24 connected to the cathode outlets 20 and intended to conduct the electrolysis current IE from the cathode outlets 20 to the electrical conductors of rise and connection 22 of the next electrolytic cell 10.
- the casing 12 comprises an inner lining 26 made of refractory materials.
- the housing 12 preferably comprises cradles 28 of reinforcements.
- the box 12 may be metallic, for example steel.
- the anode assemblies 14 comprise a support 30 and at least one anode 32.
- the anode (s) 32 are in particular made of carbonaceous material and more particularly of precooked type.
- the support 30 comprises, for its part, a first electrically conductive part 34, for example a cross-member, extending essentially in a transverse direction X of the electrolytic cells 10, and a second part 36 electrically conducting, formed of several electrically conductive elements be called "logs", the logs comprising a distal end electrically connected to the first portion 34 of the support 30 and a proximal end electrically connected to the anode or 32 to conduct the IE electrolysis current from the first portion 34 of the support 30 to this or these anodes 32.
- the anode assemblies 14 are intended to be removed and replaced periodically when the anode or 32 are worn.
- the cathode 16 may be formed of several cathode blocks of carbonaceous material.
- the cathode 16 is crossed by the cathode conductors 18 intended to collect the electrolysis current IE at the cathode 16 to lead it to the cathode outlets 20 advantageously leaving the bottom of the box 12, as illustrated in FIG.
- the rising and connecting electrical conductors 22 extend upwards along two opposite longitudinal edges 38 of each electrolytic cell 10, to conduct the electrolysis current IE to the anode assemblies 14. It is specified that the edges The lengths of the electrolysis cells 38 correspond to the larger edges, ie the edges of the electrolytic cells 10 which are substantially parallel to the longitudinal Y direction.
- an electrolytic cell 10 operating at an intensity of 400 to 1000 k amps may for example preferably comprise from 4 to 40 rise and connection conductors 22 distributed regularly over the entire length of each of its two edges.
- the electrical rising and connecting conductors 22 comprise upstream and upstream electrical connection conductors 22A, ie adjacent to the upstream longitudinal edge 38 of the electrolytic cell 10, and electrical conductors 22A.
- the upstream and upstream electrical connection conductors 22A are electrically connected to an upstream end of the first portion 34 of the support 30, and the upstream and downstream electrical connection conductors 22B are electrically connected to a downstream end of this first portion 34 of the support 30.
- the electrical routing conductors 24 are connected to the cathode outlets 20 and are intended to conduct the electrolysis current IE from these cathode outputs 20 to the electrical connection and rise conductors 22 of the next electrolytic cell 10 of the series.
- the cathode conductors 18, the cathode outputs 20 and / or the routing conductors 24 may be metal bars, possibly composite, for example aluminum, copper and / or steel.
- a liquid aluminum web 40 is formed during the electrolysis reaction.
- the electrolysis tanks of the aluminum plant 1 are preferably vertical anode-type electrolysis cells with vertical pulling of the anode assemblies 14 above the tank 10.
- electrolysis as represented by the electrolysis tank 10 on the right in FIG. 6.
- the rise and connection conductors 22 extend on either side of the box 12 without extending to the right anodes 32, that is to say without extending in a volume obtained by vertically projecting the area of the anodes 32 projected in a horizontal plane.
- this also makes it possible to reduce the length of the rising and connecting conductors 22 with respect to a use of rise and connection conductors 130 of the following type.
- the anode assembly is no longer supported and electrically connected above the box and the anodes by means of a superstructure 132, as is the case for the electrolysis tanks of the state of the art illustrated on Figure 2.
- the electrolysis tanks 10 of the aluminum plant 1 according to this embodiment of the invention are therefore free of superstructure.
- the absence of superstructure makes it possible to widen and / or lengthen the electrolytic cells, in order to benefit from large electrolytic cells 10, as mentioned above.
- Such widening or elongation of the electrolysis cells 110 of the state of the art is not possible because of the superstructure 132, because this enlargement and / or elongation would result in an enlargement and / or elongation of the superstructure 132 itself.
- the electrical conductors of the aluminum smelter 1 are indeed configured to obtain effective compensation of the horizontal and vertical components of the magnetic field generated by the flow of electrolysis current IE and, in so doing, a limitation of MHD instabilities, thus an improved efficiency.
- the distribution of the electrolysis current IE traversing the electrical conductors of rise and connection 22 is asymmetrical between the upstream electrical conductors and connection upstream 22A and downstream 22B.
- the electrolysis current IE is distributed in an upstream electrolysis current IEA, which traverses all the electrical conductors for upstream and upstream connection 22A of the electrolytic cells, and a downstream electrolysis current IEB, which runs through all of the electrical conductors for upstream and downstream connection 22B of the electrolytic cells.
- the intensity of the upstream electrolysis current IEA is equal to 50-100 [% of the intensity of the electrolysis current IE, while the intensity of the downstream electrolysis current IEB is equal to] 0-50 [ % of the intensity of the electrolysis current IE, it being specified that the upstream electrolysis currents IEA and downstream IEB are complementary, that is to say that the sum of the intensities of the upstream electrolysis currents IEA and downstream IEB is equal to the intensity of the electrolysis current IE.
- This asymmetrical distribution with preponderance of the upstream relative to the downstream is particularly advantageous when the electrolysis cells 10 of the aluminum smelter are large electrolysis cells.
- the upstream / downstream asymmetry of the electrolysis current IE makes it possible to avoid resorting to an excessive increase in the cross-section of the routing conductors 24 under the electrolytic cell 10, so that savings in materials and Space are achieved, without prejudice to the magnetic stability of the electrolytic cell.
- the choice of the distribution between intensities of upstream and downstream electrolysis currents IEA, IEB is carried out by economic study. This choice depends mainly on the distance between two vats and the height of the vats. This distribution is carried out by adjusting the sections of the electrical conductors of the upstream and downstream electrical circuits, taking into account their length.
- the rise and connection conductors 22 extend substantially vertically, and preferably only vertically, so that the flow of the electrolysis current IE through the rise and connect conductors 22 generates a magnetic field with only horizontal components, but no vertical component.
- the second portion 36 of the support 30 of the anode assembly 14, and / or the cathode outputs 20 advantageously extend in a vertical direction, and preferably only vertically, so that the current flow of electrolysis IE through this second portion 36 and / or through the cathode outputs 20 generates a magnetic field having only horizontal components, but no vertical component.
- cathode outlets 20 advantageously cross the bottom of the box 12.
- the reduction in length of the routing conductors 24 makes it possible, in addition to a saving of raw materials, a substantial decrease in the horizontal currents in the liquids and thus a better MHD stability.
- the first portion 34 of the support 30 of the anode assembly 14 preferably extends only substantially horizontally and parallel to the transverse direction X of the electrolytic cells.
- the routing conductors 24 advantageously extend substantially rectilinear and parallel to the transverse direction X of the electrolytic cells 10 up to the rising and connecting conductors 22 of the next electrolytic cell 10. This limits the cost of electrical conductors 24, minimizing their length.
- the magnetic fields generated by these electrical conductors 24 for routing are also limited in relation to the state of the art, and in particular compared with self-compensated electrolysis cells of the state of the art.
- the rising and connecting electrical conductors 22 are preferably distributed at regular intervals over substantially the entire length of the longitudinal edge 38 to which they are adjacent. In other words, the same distance separates two consecutive electrical conductors 22 and connection in the longitudinal direction Y. This improves the balance of the longitudinal horizontal component of the magnetic field (that is to say, parallel to the length of the electrolytic tank).
- the upstream and upstream electrical connection conductors 22A and the upstream and downstream electrical connection conductors 22B may be arranged equidistant from a longitudinal median plane YZ of each electrolytic cell 10, that is to say a plane substantially perpendicular to the transverse direction X and separating each electrolytic cell 10 into two substantially equal portions.
- the upstream and upstream electrical connection conductors 22A are at the same distance from this longitudinal median plane YZ as the upstream and downstream electrical connection conductors 22B.
- the upstream electrical conductors and upstream connection 22A are advantageously disposed substantially symmetrically to the upstream electrical conductors and downstream connection 22B, with respect to this longitudinal median plane YZ. This further enhances the advantageous antisymmetric characteristic of the horizontal magnetic field distribution in liquids.
- these electrical conductors rise and connect advantageously extend above the liquids (electrolytic bath) to a height h between 0 and 1.5 meters.
- the length of the rising and connecting conductors 22 is thus greatly reduced with respect to the rise and connection conductors 130 of conventional type which extend to heights greater than two meters for the electrolysis tanks 130 of the state of the technique.
- the upstream and upstream connecting conductors 22A of the electrolytic cells 10 may be arranged in staggered relation with the upstream and downstream connection conductors 22B of the electrolysis tank 10 preceding it in line 2. This makes it possible to bring the electrolytic cells as close as possible to one another, or to place more electrolytic cells in series over the same distance, which increases the efficiency, that is to reduce the length of a row 2 of electrolysis tanks, thus saving space and achieving structural savings.
- the first portion 34 of the support 30 of the anode assembly 14 and the second portion 36 of the support 30 of the anode assembly 14 are configured so that the intensity of the electrolysis current fraction traversing an upstream half of this second portion 36 is substantially equal to the intensity of the fraction of electrolysis current flowing through a downstream half of this second portion 36.
- the intensity of the fraction of electrolysis current passing through all the logs located upstream of a longitudinal median plane YZ of the electrolytic cell 10 is substantially equal to the intensity of the fraction of electrolysis current passing through all the logs located on the side downstream of this longitudinal median plane YZ.
- part of the upstream electrolysis stream IEA reaches the logs located downstream of the median plane YZ of the tank 10d. 'electrolysis. This is achieved through overall electrical balancing of the different conductor sections.
- Each module M can comprise for example, an electrical conductor of the first compensation electric circuit 4 and a number of routing conductors 24 and associated rising and connecting conductors 22 for each electrolytic cell 10.
- the fact is that the electrical conductors included in each module M (rising and connecting conductors 22, anode assembly 14, cathode 16, cathode conductors 18, cathodic outputs 20, routing conductors 24, electrical conductors of the first compensation circuit 4 ) are configured to generate the same predetermined magnetic configuration.
- the electrical conductors of each module M are arranged and traversed by currents such that each module M generates the same vertical and horizontal components of the magnetic field.
- the conductor circuit, and therefore each electrolysis cell may be composed of a number N of modules M, determining the length of the electrolytic cells and the intensity of the current flowing through the electrolytic cells (the intensity of the electrolysis current IE flowing in the series of electrolysis cells being equal to the intensity of the fraction of electrolysis current passing through each module M multiplied by the number N of modules M).
- the ratio of the amount of material forming the conductor circuit brought back to the production surface of the electrolytic cells does not deteriorate when the electrolysis cells are extended, it increases proportionally to the number N of modules. M and the intensity through the electrolytic tanks.
- the electrolysis cells can be elongated simply according to the needs and the intensity of the current passing through them is not limited.
- the modular construction of the electrical conductors of the electrolytic cells therefore offers an advantage in terms of scalability, since this modular construction, combined with a simple adjustment of the amperage of the secondary compensation circuit, makes it possible to modify the tanks 10 electrolysis without compromising their magnetic and electrical balance.
- the table of FIG. 9, read in conjunction with FIG. 8, shows for a module the intensity values going through the various electrically conductive elements of the electrolytic cells, these conductive elements being symbolized by segments: S1 for the drivers rising and upstream connection 22A; S2, S5 and S8 for the first portion 34 of the support 30; S3 and S9 for the second part 36 of the support 30, the anode (s) 32, the electrolytic bath, the aluminum sheet 40, the cathode 16, the cathode conductors 18 and the cathode outlets 20; S4, S6 and S10 for the routing conductors 24; S7 for upstream and downstream conductors 22 B.
- the sum of intensities i and ia indicated in the table of FIGS. 9, 13 and 14 is equal to the intensity of the upstream electrolysis current IEA divided by the number N of modules of the electrolytic cell; the intensity ib is equal to the intensity of the downstream electrolysis current IEB divided by the number N of modules of the electrolytic cell; the sum of ia and ib is equal to i; the sum of the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents IEA, IEB is therefore equal to 2i multiplied by the number N of modules; and the intensity of the electrolysis current IE flowing through the series of electrolysis cells is equal to the sum of the intensity of the upstream electrolysis current IEA traversing the entire upstream part of the electrolysis cell and the electrolysis cell.
- FIGS. 10 to 12 are wired schematic views of the electrical circuit traversed by the electrolysis current in a module of an electrolysis cell 10 of the aluminum plant 1, and showing for this electrolytic cell 10 the three main zones P1, P2, P3 generating a significant disturbing magnetic field: an upstream zone P1, a central intermediate zone P2, and a downstream zone P3 symmetrical to the upstream zone P1 with respect to a longitudinal median plane YZ of the electrolysis cells.
- FIG. 14 also read in conjunction with FIGS. 10, 11 and 12, schematically shows the horizontal longitudinal component of the magnetic field generated by the circulation of the electrolysis current through the electrical conductors (symbolized by FIG. segments) of the electrolysis cell 10, zone by zone, and through the first and second compensation circuits 4, 6.
- the horizontal transverse component of the magnetic field is itself antisymmetric because the conductors are symmetrical with respect to XZ plane.
- the horizontal longitudinal component By of the magnetic field is antisymmetric (opposite in the upstream and downstream zones P1, P3, and zero in the central P2 zone). This antisymmetry suppresses the deleterious effects associated with the horizontal components of the magnetic field.
- the first compensation electric circuit 4 is described in more detail below.
- the first compensation electric circuit 4 extends below the electrolytic cells. This first compensation electric circuit 4 is intended to be traversed by a first compensation current IC1, in the opposite direction of the overall flow direction of the electrolysis current IE, as can be seen in FIGS. 5 and 7. It will be recalled that by IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Details for IEV number 511-21-21 flow direction of the electrolysis current IE is understood to mean the flow direction of the electrolysis current IE on the scale of the aluminum smelter 1 or the lane 2 or queues 10 of electrolysis cells.
- the first compensation electric circuit 4 comprises electrical conductors which may be metal bars, for example made of aluminum, copper or steel, or, advantageously, electrical conductors of superconducting material, the latter making it possible to reduce the power consumption. and, because of their lower mass than that of the equivalent metal conductors, to reduce the structural costs to support them or to protect them from possible metal flows by means of metal baffles 42 (FIG. 7) or by burying them .
- these electrical conductors of superconducting material may be arranged to perform several turns in series under the row or rows of tanks, as described in the patent application WO2013007893 in the name of the applicant.
- the smelter 1 comprises a feed station 44 configured to circulate through the first compensation electric circuit 4 a current intensity IC1 equal to twice the intensity of the downstream electrolysis current IEB, plus or minus 20% near, and preferably within plus or minus 10%.
- This supply station 44 may be a clean power station, that is to say distinct from the supply station 8 supplying electrolysis tanks IE electrolysis current.
- the power supply station 44 of the first compensation circuit 4 is therefore exclusively dedicated to supplying this first compensation circuit 4.
- the first electrical compensation circuit 4 is thus also independent of the main electric circuit traversed by the electrolysis current IE comprising in particular the row or rows 2 of electrolytic cells. If the first compensating electrical circuit 4 is damaged, for example a piercing of one of the electrolytic tanks 10 by the liquids contained in the electrolytic cells, whose temperature is close to 1000.degree. Electrolysis can continue, with less efficiency, however, since the magnetic compensation is impacted. In addition, the intensity of the first compensation current IC1 is modifiable independently of the electrolysis current IE. This is of paramount importance in terms of scalability and adaptability.
- the electrical conductors of the first compensation electric circuit 4 extend under the electrolysis cells together forming a sheet of parallel electrical conductors, preferably from two to twelve, and preferably from three to ten parallel electrical conductors.
- the first circuit Electrical compensation 4 extends under several places of the electrolytic tank 10. It will be noted that the first compensation current IC1 flows in the opposite direction of the overall flow direction of the electrolysis current IE, through all the electrical conductors forming the layer.
- the web may be formed by the same electrical circuit forming several turns or loops in series under the electrolytic cells, each loop corresponding to an electrical conductor of the web.
- the sheet may be formed by dividing into a parallel electrical conductor bundle of the first compensation electric circuit 4, the latter possibly forming a single loop under the electrolysis cells.
- the intensity of the first compensation current IC1 is equal to the sum of the intensities of the compensation current flowing through each electrical conductor of the sheet.
- the intensity of the first compensation current IC1 in each electrical conductor of the ply is equal to the intensity of the first compensation current IC1 divided by the number of electrical conductors of this ply.
- the electrical conductors of the web are advantageously equidistant from each other. The same distance separates two adjacent electrical conductors from the web. This further improves the compensation of the adverse magnetic field.
- the electrical conductors of the web can extend parallel to each other. They extend preferably parallel to the transverse direction X of the electrolytic cells. Moreover, the electrical conductors forming the web may be all arranged in the same horizontal plane XY. This also makes it possible to improve the compensation of the magnetic field generated by the circulation of the electrolysis current.
- the electrical conductors of the ply may extend substantially symmetrically with respect to the transverse median plane XZ of the electrolysis cells, that is to say with respect to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction Y, this plane separating the electrolysis tanks in two substantially equal halves.
- the first compensation electrical circuit 4 forms a sheet of three substantially equidistant conductors and arranged in the same substantially horizontal plane XY. This sheet comprises as many electrical conductors as the electrolytic cell 10 comprises modules M.
- each module M of the electrolytic cell 10 comprises the same number of electrical conductors of the first compensation electric circuit 4. This makes it possible to obtain a compensation of the magnetic field per module, which produces better effects and offers a significant advantage in terms of implementation and scalability.
- the second compensation electric circuit 6 is described in more detail below.
- the second compensation electric circuit 6 extends over at least one transverse side of the electrolytic cells 10 substantially parallel to the transverse direction X of the electrolysis cells 10, that is to say, parallel to the line (s) 2 of electrolytic cells.
- the second compensation electric circuit 6 is intended to be traversed by a second compensation current IC2, in the same direction as the overall flow direction of the electrolysis current IE.
- the second electric compensating circuit 6 extends along the two transverse sides of the electrolytic cells 10, as illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the internal conductors 61 denote the electrical conductors of the second compensation circuit 6 which are located between the first two adjacent rows 2 of electrolytic cells 10, and by external loop 62 the electrical conductors of the second electric compensation circuit 6 which are located on the outside of the lines 2 of tanks 10 of electrolysis, that is to say on the other side of the electrolytic cells 10 with respect to the electrical conductors forming the inner loop 61.
- the inner loop 61 is traversed by a second compensation current IC21 and the outer loop 62 is traversed by a second compensation current IC22.
- the second compensation currents IC21 and IC22 move in the same direction.
- the sum of the currents IC21 and IC22 flowing respectively in the inner loop 61 and in the outer loop 62 is equal to the compensation current IC2.
- the inner loop 61 and / or the outer loop 62 may optionally make several turns in series; if necessary, the intensity of the current IC21, respectively IC22, is the product of the number of turns in series by the intensity of the current flowing in each series tower.
- the aluminum smelter 1 comprises a feed station 46 which is advantageously configured to circulate through the second compensation electric circuit 6 (internal loop 61 and / or external loop 62) a total intensity (where appropriate, loop internal 61 plus outer loop 62) compensation current IC2 between 50% and 100% of the difference in intensity between the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents, and preferably between 80% and 100% of the difference in intensity between the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents.
- This intensity value set as a function of the asymmetrical distribution of the electrolysis current IE in each electrolytic cell, offers, in synergy with the choice of the asymmetrical distribution value IEA, IEB and the intensity of the first one.
- IC1 compensation current the best compensation results of the magnetic field, effectively applicable to large electrolytic cells.
- the intensity of the current IC21 flowing in the inner loop 61 differs from the intensity of the current IC22 flowing in the outer loop 62. More particularly, the intensity of the current IC21 flowing in the inner loop 61 is advantageously greater than 1 intensity of current IC22 flowing in external loop 62.
- IE2 is greater than or equal to IE.
- IE + IEA - 3 IEB is much lower than IE. This is a gain of this design that allows the approximation of the neighboring queue because the creation of the magnetic field by the neighboring queue is much lower at no extra cost compared to what is known to those skilled in the art.
- the supply station 46 supplying the second compensation circuit 6 may be a clean power station, that is to say distinct from the supply station 8 supplying the electrolysis cells with electrolysis current. IE and distinct from the power supply station 44 supplying the first compensation electric circuit 4.
- the power supply station 46 of the second compensation circuit 6 is therefore exclusively dedicated to supplying this second compensation circuit 6.
- the second The compensation electric circuit 6 is thus also independent of the main electrical circuit traversed by the electrolysis current IE.
- the intensity of the second compensation current IC2 can be modified independently of the electrolysis current IE, thus offering substantial advantages in terms of scalability and adaptability of the aluminum smelter 1, as explained above with regard to the first compensation electric circuit 4
- the second compensation circuit 6 may also be distinct from the first compensation circuit 4.
- the electrical conductors forming this second electrical compensation circuit 6 can advantageously be symmetrical with respect to a median transverse plane XZ of the electrolysis cells 10. . This improves the compensation of the deleterious magnetic field.
- the electrical conductors of the second compensation electric circuit 6 advantageously extend in the same horizontal plane XY.
- this XY horizontal plane is located at the height of the liquid aluminum sheet 40 formed inside the electrolytic cells during the electrolysis reaction.
- the electrical conductors forming the second compensation electric circuit 6 may advantageously be configured so as to limit the "end of line” effects, as shown in FIG. 5.
- the electrical conductors forming the second electric compensation circuit 6 can be metal bars, for example made of aluminum, copper or steel, or, advantageously, electrical conductors of superconducting material, the latter making it possible to reduce the energy consumption. and because of their lower mass than the equivalent metal conductors, reduce the structural costs to support them.
- these electrical conductors of superconducting material may be arranged to perform several turns in series on the side or sides of the rows 2 of electrolytic cells 10, as described in the patent application WO2013007893 in the name of the applicant.
- the invention also relates to a method for compensating the magnetic field created by the circulation of an electrolysis current IE in the electrolysis cells of the aluminum smelter 1 described above.
- This process comprises:
- the method also advantageously comprises the fact of asymmetrically distributing the electrolysis current IE between the upstream and upstream electrical connection conductors 22A and the upstream and downstream electrical connection conductors 22B.
- This step of asymmetrically distributing the electrolysis current between the upstream and the downstream of the electrolysis cells comprises separating the electrolysis current IE into an upstream electrolysis current IEA, which circulates through all the electrolysis streams.
- upstream electrical connection and upstream connection conductors 22A of each electrolytic cell such that the intensity of the upstream electrolysis current IEA is between 50-100 [% of the intensity of the electrolysis current IE, and in a downstream electrolysis current IEB, which circulates through all of the upstream and downstream electrical connection conductors 22B of each electrolytic cell 10, so that the intensity of the downstream electrolysis current IEB is included between 0-50 [% of the intensity of the electrolysis current IE, the sum of the intensities of the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents IEA, IEB being equal to the intensity of the electrolysis current IE.
- the step of circulating the first compensation current IC1 is advantageously such that the intensity of the first compensation current IC1 is equal to twice the intensity of the downstream electrolysis current IEB, within plus or minus 20%, and preferably within plus or minus 10%.
- the step of circulating the second compensation current IC2 is advantageously such that the total intensity (internal loop 61 + external 62) of the second compensation current IC2 is between 50% and 100% of the difference in intensity between the upstream IEA and downstream IEB electrolysis currents, and preferably between 80% and 100% of the difference in intensity between the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents.
- the intensity of the current IC21 flowing in the inner loop 61 may differ from the intensity of the current IC22 flowing in the outer loop 62. More particularly, the intensity of the current IC21 flowing in the inner loop 61 is advantageously greater than the intensity of the current IC22 flowing in the outer loop 62.
- the process may advantageously comprise a step of analyzing at least one characteristic of the alumina in at least one of the electrolysis tanks of the aluminum smelter 1 described above, and the determination of a distribution of values.
- the intensity of the upstream and downstream electrolysis currents IEA, IEB to be circulated as a function of this analyzed characteristic, which also defines, if appropriate, the intensity values of the first and second compensation currents IC1, IC2 and, where appropriate upstream and downstream electrolysis currents IEA, IEB.
- the intensity values of the first and second compensation currents IC1, IC2, and possibly upstream and downstream electrolysis currents IEA, IEB can then be modified up to the values determined above if the intensity values of the first and second compensation currents IC1, IC2 and upstream and downstream electrolysis currents IEA, IEB initials differ from the values thus determined.
- the method makes it possible to modify the magnetic compensation, in order to increase or reduce the stirring of the liquids while controlling the MHD instabilities.
- Such a method is particularly advantageous with the configuration of the electrical conductors described above because it renders the electrolytic cells 10 magnetically very stable and therefore offers a greater range for modulating / optimizing the stirring depending on the quality of the alumina .
- the characteristics of the alumina analyzed can notably be the ability of the alumina to dissolve in the bath, the fluidity of the alumina, its solubility, its fluorine content, its humidity, etc.
- the determination of a distribution of intensity values of the upstream and downstream compensation currents IEA, IEB and / or intensity values of the first and second compensation currents IC1, IC2 as a function of the characteristics of the analyzed alumina may be in particular carried out using an abacus, for example made by a person skilled in the art by calculation, experimentation and recording of the optimum correspondences intensities of upstream and downstream electrolysis currents IEA, IEB / characteristics of alumina. It is a question here of quantifying the intensity of the mixing of the desired liquid with regard to the level of instabilities MHD.
- the alumina available for continuous operation of the lamp is of different quality, in particular more or less pasty, and therefore having different abilities to dissolve in the electrolysis bath.
- the movements of the liquids in the electrolytic tanks are an asset, since they make it possible to stir this alumina to promote its dissolution.
- the magnetic field at the origin of the movements of the liquids is directly compensated via the electrolysis current itself, with a distribution magnetic field imposed and frozen by the route of the routing conductors.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, this embodiment having been given by way of example. Modifications are possible, especially from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by the substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the present invention is for example compatible with the use of "inert" type anodes at which oxygen is formed during the electrolysis reaction.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1500251A FR3032459B1 (fr) | 2015-02-09 | 2015-02-09 | Aluminerie et procede de compensation d'un champ magnetique cree par la circulation du courant d'electrolyse de cette aluminerie |
PCT/IB2016/000120 WO2016128824A1 (fr) | 2015-02-09 | 2016-02-05 | Aluminerie et procédé de compensation d'un champ magnétique créé par la circulation du courant d'électrolyse de cette aluminerie |
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EP3256623A1 true EP3256623A1 (fr) | 2017-12-20 |
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US (1) | US10358733B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3256623B8 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN107250439B (fr) |
AR (1) | AR103789A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2016217610B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112017015161A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2975962C (fr) |
DK (1) | DK179924B1 (fr) |
EA (1) | EA035575B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3032459B1 (fr) |
MY (1) | MY183698A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016128824A1 (fr) |
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RU2678624C1 (ru) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-01-30 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Ошиновка модульная для серий алюминиевых электролизеров |
WO2023233190A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-03 | 2023-12-07 | Vedanta Limited (Aluminium & Power) | Ensemble blindage magnétique pour l'équilibrage d'un champ magnétique dans un ensemble de cellules électrolytiques |
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NL104954C (fr) | 1954-02-09 | 1900-01-01 | ||
NO139525C (no) * | 1977-07-14 | 1979-03-28 | Ardal Og Sunndal Verk | Anordning for kompensering av horisontale magnetfelter i smelte-elektrolyseovner |
FR2425482A1 (fr) | 1978-05-11 | 1979-12-07 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede de compensation du champ magnetique induit par la file voisine dans les series de cuves d'electrolyse a haute intensite |
FR2469475A1 (fr) | 1979-11-07 | 1981-05-22 | Pechiney Aluminium | Procede et dispositif pour la suppression des perturbations magnetiques dans les cuves d'electrolyse a tres haute intensite placees en travers |
DE3009098C2 (de) | 1979-12-21 | 1983-02-24 | Schweizerische Aluminium AG, 3965 Chippis | Verfahren zur Führung des Stromes zwischen Elektrolyseöfen |
FR2583069B1 (fr) | 1985-06-05 | 1987-07-31 | Pechiney Aluminium | Dispositif de connexion entre cuves d'electrolyse a tres haute intensite, pour la production d'aluminium, comportant un circuit d'alimentation et un circuit independant de correction du champ magnetique |
FR2868436B1 (fr) | 2004-04-02 | 2006-05-26 | Aluminium Pechiney Soc Par Act | Serie de cellules d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium comportant des moyens pour equilibrer les champs magnetiques en extremite de file |
NO322258B1 (no) * | 2004-09-23 | 2006-09-04 | Norsk Hydro As | En fremgangsmate for elektrisk kobling og magnetisk kompensasjon av reduksjonsceller for aluminium, og et system for dette |
RU2288976C1 (ru) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-12-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Инженерно-технологический центр" | Ошиновка модульная мощных электролизеров для производства алюминия |
RU2316619C1 (ru) * | 2006-04-18 | 2008-02-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Русская инжиниринговая компания" | Устройство для компенсации магнитного поля, наведенного соседним рядом последовательно соединенных электролизеров большой мощности |
EP2732076A2 (fr) * | 2011-07-12 | 2014-05-21 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Aluminerie comprenant des conducteurs electriques en materiau supraconducteur |
FR2977898A1 (fr) | 2011-07-12 | 2013-01-18 | Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd | Aluminerie comprenant des cuves a sortie cathodique par le fond du caisson et des moyens de stabilisation des cuves |
FR3009564A1 (fr) | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-13 | Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd | Aluminerie comprenant un circuit electrique de compensation |
-
2015
- 2015-02-09 MY MYPI2017702899A patent/MY183698A/en unknown
- 2015-02-09 FR FR1500251A patent/FR3032459B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-02-01 AR ARP160100282A patent/AR103789A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2016-02-05 AU AU2016217610A patent/AU2016217610B2/en active Active
- 2016-02-05 WO PCT/IB2016/000120 patent/WO2016128824A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2016-02-05 DK DKPA201770671A patent/DK179924B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2016-02-05 BR BR112017015161-8A patent/BR112017015161A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-02-05 US US15/546,998 patent/US10358733B2/en active Active
- 2016-02-05 CN CN201680009545.6A patent/CN107250439B/zh active Active
- 2016-02-05 EP EP16748782.6A patent/EP3256623B8/fr active Active
- 2016-02-05 EA EA201791722A patent/EA035575B1/ru unknown
- 2016-02-05 CA CA2975962A patent/CA2975962C/fr active Active
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2017
- 2017-08-14 ZA ZA2017/05498A patent/ZA201705498B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR103789A1 (es) | 2017-06-07 |
CN107250439A (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
CA2975962C (fr) | 2023-02-21 |
CN107250439B (zh) | 2020-03-24 |
US10358733B2 (en) | 2019-07-23 |
EA201791722A1 (ru) | 2017-11-30 |
AU2016217610B2 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
AU2016217610A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
BR112017015161A2 (pt) | 2018-01-23 |
DK179924B1 (en) | 2019-10-08 |
EP3256623B8 (fr) | 2020-04-29 |
FR3032459B1 (fr) | 2019-08-23 |
WO2016128824A1 (fr) | 2016-08-18 |
ZA201705498B (en) | 2018-12-19 |
EP3256623B1 (fr) | 2020-03-25 |
DK201770671A1 (en) | 2017-09-18 |
EP3256623A4 (fr) | 2018-12-19 |
MY183698A (en) | 2021-03-08 |
CA2975962A1 (fr) | 2016-08-18 |
EA035575B1 (ru) | 2020-07-09 |
FR3032459A1 (fr) | 2016-08-12 |
US20180023207A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
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