EP3251942B1 - Système de tensionnement de poulie d'amarrage - Google Patents

Système de tensionnement de poulie d'amarrage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3251942B1
EP3251942B1 EP17174596.1A EP17174596A EP3251942B1 EP 3251942 B1 EP3251942 B1 EP 3251942B1 EP 17174596 A EP17174596 A EP 17174596A EP 3251942 B1 EP3251942 B1 EP 3251942B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mooring
line
tensioning
installation
vessel
Prior art date
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Application number
EP17174596.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3251942A1 (fr
Inventor
Torkjell Lisland
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Seasystems AS
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Scana Offshore AS
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Priority claimed from NO20160964A external-priority patent/NO343765B1/no
Application filed by Scana Offshore AS filed Critical Scana Offshore AS
Publication of EP3251942A1 publication Critical patent/EP3251942A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mooring and tensioning of mooring lines for floating structures or vessels, such as Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessels (FPSO's), semi-submersible platforms, turret moored vessels, floating drilling rigs, drilling ships and other floating structures which are moored to the seabed.
  • floating structures or vessels such as Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessels (FPSO's), semi-submersible platforms, turret moored vessels, floating drilling rigs, drilling ships and other floating structures which are moored to the seabed.
  • the invention is more specifically directed to a method for tensioning a mooring arrangement of a floating structure or vessel.
  • the aim of this patent application is to provide arrangements and methods where there is little or no requirement for equipment on the deck of the vessel and still be able to perform the installation, tensioning, re-tensioning, repositioning and replacement operations.
  • US 2014/0216323 describes a mooring arrangement and a method of installing the mooring arrangement.
  • An anchor chain is attached to the seabed by an anchor.
  • a submerged chain stopper is attached to an upper end of the anchor chain.
  • a pull chain or installation chain extends from the structure to be anchored through the chain stopper. The lower end of the installation chain is pulled upwards by the use of a winch on the support vessel until the installation chain passes through the chain stopper, a prescribed tension is achieved and the chain stopper engages on the permanent part of the mooring line, here described as the work chain.
  • the US 2014/0216323 A1 may use a wire from a winch on the anchor handler towards the platform. By doing this it is possible to tension the mooring line with a force based on the winch capacity. The actual tension force will depend on factors such as angle of the mooring chain with respect to the platform and the support vessel. If the mooring line is close to vertical, the effect of this method is close to zero.
  • US 5390618 discloses a system and method for mooring a vessel offshore.
  • the vessel mooring line is connected to the vessel at both ends through separate fairlead and winch arrangements.
  • the mooring line is thus tensioned by pulling the winch in one of the ends arranged on the vessel.
  • the fairleads are arranged in a lateral distance from each other on the vessel.
  • US5566636 discloses a mooring system for mooring a turret of the vessel having a mooring line is extending from a first fairlead towards a block and back towards a second fairlead at the bottom of the vessel turret.
  • DE102008029982 discloses a stabilisation and maintenance device for rope tensioned carrier device for a wind energy plant and US3151594 discloses an apparatus for resiliently anchoring a floating structure in a substantially fixed position against lateral movement while permitting vertical movement.
  • the vertical, or close to vertical, pulling of the chain will also pull the submerged chain tensioner upwards, so that an obtuse angle is created between the chain below the chain tensioner and the chain above the chain tensioner extending between the anchor at the seabed and the moored structure, as can readily be seen in the figures of the two references.
  • the size of this angle will depend on several factors, such as pulling tension, weight of the chain, friction in reversing pulley of the chain tensioner, sea currents etc. Due to the angle, the length of chain between the anchor and the floating structure is somewhat greater than the linear distance between the anchor and the floating structure.
  • the mooring line can extend at a very shallow angle from the seabed. In such cases the pull to tighten the mooring can be almost at right angle to the mooring line. This will result in the angle between the two parts of the mooring line, below and above the chain tensioner, becoming smaller and thus the length of the mooring line during tensioning will become far greater than the direct distance between the anchor and the floating structure.
  • the present invention has as a main objective to avoid the problem of having to account for a certain amount of overtightening when installing a mooring or re-tensioning a mooring.
  • a further objective of the present invention is to provide an arrangement and method for installation, tensioning and replacement of mooring lines where there is no requirement for chain handling on the deck of the floating structure.
  • Tensioning can be performed from an installation vessel and in particular smaller vessels due to multiplication of the tensioning force from the pulley arrangement.
  • the multiplication factor is close to 3 depending on actual angle and friction.
  • An installation wire may act as the main part of the installation chain.
  • Yet another advantage of the invention is that the chain tensioning may be operated from the FPSO by a wire, rope or hydraulic cylinder.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the weight of the excess top chain is carried mainly by the hull bracket.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that half of the capacity of the mooring line winch or installation vessel pull is required.
  • the invention relates to a method for tensioning a mooring arrangement of a floating structure or vessel, said mooring arrangement comprising an anchor, a mooring line, a mooring tensioner and a working line, said mooring tensioner having a tensioning pulley and a chain stopper for tensioning said mooring line or said working line and prevent the same from movin relative to said mooring tensioner, said mooring line being attached at a first end to said anchor and at a second end to said mooring tensioner, said working line being coupled at a first end to a fairlead on said floating structure or vessel and at a second end to an installation wire, a line formed by said working line and said installation wire extending over said tensioning pulley on the mooring tensioner and around the fairlead so that said working line having a first flight extending between said fairlead in said floating structure or vessel and said tensioning pulley and that a second flight extending between said tensioning pulley and said fairlead
  • the method comprising the step of coupling the installation wire (8) to a pulling unit (9, 10) that is remotely arranged from the floating structure (11), tensioning said line (5, 8) by said pulling unit (9, 10) thereby imposing tensioning force on said mooring line directed towards said floating structure or vessel and which does not pull said mooring line out of a straight line between said anchor and said floating structure or vessel.
  • the method preferably comprises additional features as defined in the dependent claims.
  • Figure 1 shows a mooring arrangement of the present invention installed between an anchor 2 that has been attached to the seabed 1 and a floating structure, such as an FPSO 11. How the installation has been achieved will be explained in detail later.
  • the anchor 2 is conveniently a suction anchor, but may alternatively be any type of anchor known in the field.
  • the mooring arrangement further comprises a mooring chain 3, a chain tensioner 4 with pulley 20, a working chain 5, a pendant line 6, a hull bracket 33, a fairlead 7 and a pull-in wire 8.
  • the mooring chain 3 may also be a steel wire, polyester rope or a combination of these and the working chain 5 and pendant 6 may also be a mooring chain, steel wire, polyester rope or a combination of these.
  • the working chain 5 may also extend all the way to the fairlead 7.
  • the installation wire 8 may be steel wire, polyester rope or a combination. It may comprise several segments of these.
  • the fairlead 7 is attached to the hull bracket 33 and the fairlead 7 may rotate about a vertical axis.
  • the mooring chain extends between the anchor 2 and the chain tensioner 4.
  • the pendant wire 6 is attached to the fairlead 7 at an upper end.
  • the lower end of the pendant wire 6 is attached to the working chain 5.
  • the working chain 5 extends around the pulley 20 of the chain tensioner 4 and is at the opposite end of the pendant wire 6 attached to the pull-in wire 8.
  • the pull-in wire also called installation wire 8 extends around a pulley 22 in the fairlead 7 and further to a winch 10 on a support or installation vessel 9.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative mooring arrangement. It is similar to the arrangement of figure 1 except that the installation wire 8 extends to a winch 13 on the floating structure 11 instead of to a winch on a support vessel.
  • a pulley 12 mounted at the edge of the deck of the floating structure 11 ensures proper guiding of the installation wire 8.
  • the winch 13 may be located on the edge of the deck with the pull-in wire 8 extending directly downwards. In this case the pulley 7 is not required, as shown and explained in connection with figure 22 .
  • Figure 3 shows the mooring arrangement after the tensioning has been completed.
  • the installation wire 8 will then typically be removed and figure 3 shows that the installation wire 8 has been detached from the working chain 5 and removed.
  • Figure 3a shows an alternative to removing the installation wire 8.
  • a part 8a of the installation wire has been left as a non-tensioned length.
  • Figure 4 shows the chain tensioner 4 in detail. Although it acts as the main component during the tensioning of the mooring, it also includes a chain stopper 16, which has the function locking the two mooring line parts together to maintain a specific length.
  • the chain tensioner 4 comprises a steel structure 14 that solid enough to act as a member of the mooring line and as such can withstand at least the same Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) as the mooring chain 3.
  • the structure 14 has a channel 14a through which the working chain 5 can pass.
  • At one end the structure 14 is connected to the mooring line 3 with a connecting bolt 15 or alternatively shackle. Any kind of connecting links, shackles or other connecting elements may be used.
  • the chain stopper 16 is shown with a single latch 16a but may consist of two latches, as is known per se.
  • the latch 16a is connected to a spring 19 that biases the latch 16a towards a closed position, to ensure safe closing of the latch 16a.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 18 may be operated from the installation vessel 9 or an ROV (not shown). After the tensioning is finished, the hydraulic cylinder 18 is preferably removed to avoid fouling and corrosion due to prolonged exposure to sea water.
  • the chain tensioner 4 also has a chain tensioner pulley 20 that is rotatable about a shaft 21 that is mounted in the structure 14.
  • the purpose of the chain tensioner pulley 20 is to guide the working chain 5 out of the chain tensioner 4 and back towards the fairlead 7.
  • Figure 5 shows the hull bracket 33 and the fairlead 7.
  • the fairlead that comprises a steel structure 26 and a pulley 22.
  • the hull bracket 33 comprises a lower hull support 27 and an upper hull support 28.
  • a vertical shaft 29 connects the steel structure with the supports 27, 28, so that the structure 26 can rotate about a vertical axis.
  • the pendant wire 6 is attached by means of a connection bolt 24 that attaches an end termination 23 of the pendant wire to the structure 26.
  • the end termination 23 can rotate about the bolt 24 in a vertical plane.
  • the fairlead pullet 22 is rotatably supported in the structure 26 by a shaft 25.
  • the structure 26 has a channel 26a that receives the installation wire 8, which extends about the fairlead pulley 22.
  • the hull bracket 33, structure 26 and shaft 24 and 29, all these elements are part of the mooring load line and has to be strong enough to carry the mooring load.
  • FIG. 6 An alternative fairlead construction can be seen in Figure 6 .
  • the steel structure 26 is welded to the hull and is not capable of rotating in a horizontal plane as in Figure 5 .
  • a connecting link 30 with a vertical shaft 31 has been added between the end termination 23 and the bolt 24, to endure free movement in two planes for the pendant 6.
  • FIG. 7 A further another alternative solution for the fairlead construction is shown in Figure 7 .
  • the pendant 6 with end termination 23 is connected to the steel structure 26 via a shaft 24.
  • the steel structure 26 is connected to the hull via a bracket 33 and a connecting link 30.
  • Two shafts 31, 32 ensures freedom of movement in two planes.
  • the connecting link 30 and shaft 32 has been replaced by a connector comprising a male part 34 and a female part 35, the female part 35 being capable of retaining the male part 34 within a hole (not shown) in the female part 35.
  • the female part 35 is rotatable about a horizontal axis with respect to the bracket 33.
  • a rope or wire 36 is initially connected at the end of the male part 34.
  • the rope or wire 36 is fed through the hole in the female part, and by pulling the rope or wire 36, the male part 34 can be brought to enter the hole of the female part 35.
  • the male connector 34 and female connector 35 will engage automatically or with the intervention of ROV, a diver or by other mechanic means, depending on the environment.
  • the pendant 6 may in some cases be replaced by extending the working chain 5.
  • the pendant 6 or working chain 5 may be fixed directly to the hull of the floating structure 11 by a bolt through a bracket.
  • the pulley 22 may be arranged separately of the attachment of the pendant 6 or working chain to the hull.
  • the arrangement of the present invention has the benefit that the feeding of the pull-in line 8 over the pulleys 20 and 22 ensures both that the mooring line 3 and working chain 5 are in the same line and extends directly between the anchor 2 and the floating structure 11, and due to the fact that the system has the configuration of a block and tackle, the tensioning of the mooring arrangement can be done with double tension force by the winch 10 or 13 as compared to the prior art configurations.
  • the tensioning can be done both by rotating the winch and by moving the installation vessel 9 relative to the floating structure 11. This will provide the possibility of achieving a much higher tension force than the winch can achieve alone.
  • the installation line 8 can also be attached to the vessel 9 itself. This way a vessel 9 without a powerful winch can also be used to tension the mooring.
  • Figure 9 shows the FPSO 11 at the start of the installation of the mooring arrangement.
  • the pendant line 6 is connected to the fairlead 7a forerunner 8a of the installation wire 8 has been passed through the fairlead pulley 22.
  • the installation vessel 9 or specialized anchoring vessel 2 has installed the anchor at the seabed.
  • the mooring chain 3 has been left on the seabed attached to a rope 37 with a buoy (not shown) at the free end.
  • the installation winch 10 on the installation vessel 9 now pays out and lowers the chain tensioner 4 to reduce the tension in the mooring line 3. This operation conveniently takes place at a safe distance from the FPSO 11.
  • both ends of the forerunner 8a are transferred from the FPSO 11 to the installation vessel 9.
  • the lower end of the forerunner 8a i.e. the end that had been fed downwards through the fairlead 7, is connected with the upper end of the installation wire 8, that extends upwards from the chain tensioner 4.
  • the other end of the forerunner i.e. that extends upwards from the fairlead 7, is connected to the installation winch 10.
  • Figure 14 shows the pull-in wires 8 and the forerunner 8a connected.
  • the installation wire 8 is usually removed, as shown in figure 3 .
  • the installation winch 13 on the FPSO 11 may also be removed.
  • a short part of the installation wire 8 may be left for further work on the mooring line, as shown in Figure 3A .
  • Figure 16 shows the FPSO 11 with the installation winch 13, a hull bracket 33, which in this case is mounted close to the deck of the FPSO, for the work chain 5 or pendant 6 and the installation vessel 9 with the installation winch 10. This is the initial state of the installation operation.
  • the working chain 5 has been connected to the hull bracket 33 with a bolt, shackle, H-link or any kind of connecting link.
  • the other end of the working chain 5 is fixed to the installation vessel 9.
  • the installation wire 8 is connected to one end of a forerunner 8a that has its opposite end attached to the vessel 9.
  • the mooring line 3 is connected to one end of the chain tensioner 4, which is resting on the deck of the installation vessel 9.
  • the position of the mooring chain 3 is arbitrary as it will most likely be coming in from the stern of the vessel 9.
  • the forerunner 8a is pulled over the pulley 20 of the chain tensioner 4, through the chain stopper 16, and is then connected to the working chain 5.
  • the chain tensioner 4 is now ready to be deployed into the sea.
  • Figure 23 shows the finished mooring.
  • the forerunner 8a has been attached at its upper end to the FPSO for further tensioning operations if required. This line may, however, be removed.
  • the installation winch 13 has also been removed.
  • Figure 24 shows a cluster for three mooring lines. One has already been installed and tensioned, and the second is under tensioning and a third mooring has not yet been initiated.
  • the installation winch 13 on the FPSO 11 is fixed in one position and can handle all mooring lines from this position.
  • Figure 25 is a close-up of the mooring line interface to the FPSO 11.
  • the installation winch is fixed in one position.
  • An auxiliary winch 38 may be used for pulling in the working chain 5 during the initial stages of the operation.
  • This auxiliary winch 38 can be moved to suitable positions each hull bracket 33.
  • the figure shows that the forerunner 8a is fixed to a hull bracket 33.
  • FIG 26 shows a modified version of the chain tensioner 4 as compared with Figure 4 and 4A .
  • a lifting yoke 39 has been added for lifting or holding the chain tensioner 4 by a wire 37 from the installation vessel 9.
  • the lifting yoke 39 is rotatably attached to the chain tensioner 4 at a common rotation axis with the pulley 21. This ensures that the chain tensioner 4 does not rotate if the pulling force from the wire 37 or the working chain 5 changes.
  • the vessel 9 installs and tensions the mooring line 3 via a pull-in wire (8) that at one end is connected to the winch 10 or a fixed point on the vessel 9. In the latter case, the mooring is tensioned using the bollard pull of the vessel 9.
  • the vessel 9 has already pulled the mooring line 3 to the deck and attached a hook 39 to the mooring line 3.
  • the hook 39 is attached to a wire 37 running from the winch 10 and the mooring line 3 has been lowered.
  • the forerunner 38 is passed from the FPSO 11 and connected to another winch 10a at one end, i.e. the end on the upper side of the chain tensioner 4.
  • the other end, i.e. the end on the lower side of the chain tensioner 4 is connected to the upper end of the pull-in wire 8.
  • the vessel 9 approaches the FPSO 11.
  • the chain tensioner 4 is attached to the FPSO 11 via a hull bracket 33 via a possible link, shackle or shaft.
  • a forerunner 38 has been installed through the chain tensioner 4.
  • the vessel 9 has already pulled the mooring line 3 to the deck and attached a hook 39 to the mooring line 3.
  • the hook 39 is attached to a wire 37 running from the winch 10 and the mooring line 3 has been lowered.
  • the installation wire 8 has been attached at one end to the mooring line 3 and the mooring line 3 is in the process of being tensioned by the winch 10 by pulling the installation line 8.
  • Final tensioning can be done as shown and described in connection with Figure 27 . After final tensioning, the installation wire 8 is disconnected from the mooring line 3, as explained above.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé pour tendre un agencement d'amarrage d'une structure flottante ou d'un navire (11), ledit agencement d'amarrage comprenant une ancre (2), une ligne d'amarrage (3), un tendeur d'amarrage (4) et une ligne de travail (5), ledit tendeur d'amarrage (4) ayant une poulie de mise en tension (20) et un dispositif d'arrêt de chaîne (16) pour tendre ladite ligne d'amarrage (3) ou ladite ligne de travail (5) et l'empêcher de se déplacer par rapport audit tendeur d'amarrage (4), ladite ligne d'amarrage (3) étant fixée à une première extrémité à ladite ancre (2) et à une seconde extrémité audit tendeur d'amarrage (4), ladite ligne de travail (5) étant couplée à une première extrémité à un guide-câble (7) sur ladite structure flottante ou ledit navire (11) et à une seconde extrémité à un fil d'installation (8), une ligne (5, 8) formée par ladite ligne de travail (5) et ledit fil d'installation (8) s'étendant sur ladite poulie de mise en tension (20) sur le tendeur d'amarrage (4) et autour d'une poulie (22) sur le guide-câble (7), de sorte que ladite ligne de travail (5) présente un premier trajet s'étendant entre ledit guide-câble (7) sur ladite structure flottante ou ledit navire (11) et ladite poulie de mise en tension (20) et un second trajet s'étendant entre ladite poulie de mise en tension (20) et ledit guide-câble (7) sur la structure flottante (11), lesdits premier et second trajets étant parallèles, dans lequel
    l'étape consistant à :
    coupler le fil d'installation (8) à une unité de traction (9, 10) qui est agencée à distance de la structure flottante (11),
    tendre ladite ligne (5, 8) par l'intermédiaire de ladite unité de traction (9, 10), en imposant ainsi une force de tension sur ladite ligne d'amarrage (3), dirigée vers ladite structure flottante ou ledit navire (11), et qui ne tire pas ladite ligne d'amarrage (3) hors d'une ligne droite entre ladite ancre (2) et ladite structure flottante ou ledit navire (11).
  2. Procédé pour tendre l'agencement d'amarrage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit second trajet de ladite ligne de travail (5) s'étend sur une poulie de guide-câble (22) qui est fixée à ladite structure flottante ou audit navire (11) à proximité de ou dans la même position que ledit guide-câble (7) de ladite première extrémité de ladite ligne de travail (5) jusqu'à ladite structure flottante ou audit navire (11), de sorte que ledit second trajet de ladite ligne de travail (5) s'étend parallèlement audit premier trajet entre ladite poulie de mise en tension (20) et ladite poulie de guide-câble (22).
  3. Procédé pour tendre un dispositif d'amarrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite ligne d'amarrage (3) ou ladite ligne de travail (5) est couplée au fil d'installation (8), lequel est à son tour couplé à ladite unité de traction (9, 10).
  4. Procédé pour tendre un agencement amarrage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend en outre le retrait du fil d'installation (8) après la mise sous tension de l'agencement d'amarrage.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend en outre l'étape consistant à
    tirer la ligne d'amarrage (3) et la ligne de travail (5) via plusieurs poulies (20, 21) agencées respectivement au niveau du tendeur d'amarrage (4) et à la structure en mer (11), de sorte que la force de mise en tension sur la ligne d'amarrage (3) est multipliée sans augmenter la force de traction provenant de l'unité de traction (9, 10).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite force de mise en tension est créée par une unité de traction (9, 10), qui est un treuil (10) sur un navire d'installation (9) ou ledit navire (9) et son système de propulsion.
EP17174596.1A 2016-06-03 2017-06-06 Système de tensionnement de poulie d'amarrage Active EP3251942B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20160964A NO343765B1 (en) 2016-06-03 2016-06-03 Mooring pulley tensioning system
US15/335,191 US10577056B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2016-10-26 Mooring pulley tensioning system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3251942A1 EP3251942A1 (fr) 2017-12-06
EP3251942B1 true EP3251942B1 (fr) 2019-01-02

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BR112021002901A2 (pt) 2018-08-17 2021-05-11 Bardex Corporation métodos, sistemas e aparelhos de ancoragem e tensionamento
KR20210139222A (ko) * 2019-02-15 2021-11-22 플린트스톤 테크놀로지 리미티드 개량된 계류/텐셔닝 장치
CN110316318A (zh) * 2019-07-19 2019-10-11 大连海事大学 水下张紧器及其使用方法
CN114194331B (zh) * 2021-12-30 2024-05-28 海南大学 深海蓄冷棒束运送装置
NO347289B1 (en) * 2022-04-29 2023-08-28 I P Huse As A seabed tensioner, and a system and a method for mooring a floating structure
WO2024159281A1 (fr) * 2023-02-01 2024-08-08 Araujo Jairo Bastos De Système d'équipements d'amarrage pour module flottant et procédé de réglage des pré-tensions des lignes d'ancrage de module flottant au moyen d'un navire de soutien
CN117566032B (zh) * 2023-11-07 2024-06-14 天津大学 一种漂浮式海上光伏系泊系统连接装置

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DE102008029982A1 (de) * 2008-06-24 2009-12-31 Schopf, Walter, Dipl.-Ing. Stabilisierungs- und Wartungseinrichtung für seilabgespannte am Meeresboden aufsitzende, sowie für verankerte schwimmende Trägereinrichtungen an Offshore-Energieanlagen
BR112014000093A2 (pt) * 2011-07-06 2017-02-14 Single Buoy Moorings Inc (Ch) método de tensionar cabo de ancoragem

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EP3251943B1 (fr) 2019-08-14
EP3251942A1 (fr) 2017-12-06
EP3251943A1 (fr) 2017-12-06

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