EP3249545B1 - Réseau de fourniture de contenu - Google Patents

Réseau de fourniture de contenu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3249545B1
EP3249545B1 EP17179711.1A EP17179711A EP3249545B1 EP 3249545 B1 EP3249545 B1 EP 3249545B1 EP 17179711 A EP17179711 A EP 17179711A EP 3249545 B1 EP3249545 B1 EP 3249545B1
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Prior art keywords
cache
cdn
handlers
request
sequence
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3249545A1 (fr
Inventor
Christopher Newton
Laurence Lipstone
William Crowder
Jeffrey G. Koller
David Fullagar
Maksim Yevmenkin
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Level 3 Communications LLC
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Level 3 Communications LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H04L67/5682—Policies or rules for updating, deleting or replacing the stored data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/085—Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history
    • H04L41/0853—Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history by actively collecting configuration information or by backing up configuration information
    • H04L41/0856—Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history by actively collecting configuration information or by backing up configuration information by backing up or archiving configuration information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0893—Assignment of logical groups to network elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H04L41/5061—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements characterised by the interaction between service providers and their network customers, e.g. customer relationship management
    • H04L41/5064—Customer relationship management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H04L41/508—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements based on type of value added network service under agreement
    • H04L41/509—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements based on type of value added network service under agreement wherein the managed service relates to media content delivery, e.g. audio, video or TV
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/34—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications involving the movement of software or configuration parameters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/55—Push-based network services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/22—Parsing or analysis of headers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/16—Implementing security features at a particular protocol layer
    • H04L63/166—Implementing security features at a particular protocol layer at the transport layer

Definitions

  • the cache cluster routing mechanism 210 and the cache cluster site's routing mechanism 206 are logically/functionally (and preferably physically) combined into a single mechanism - a switch.
  • the cache cluster site refers to all of the machines that are connected to ( e . g ., plugged in to) the switch.
  • a cache cluster consists of all machines that share the same set of VIPs.
  • a CDN may have one or more tiers of caches, organized hierarchically.
  • FIG. 8 depicts a content delivery network 100 that includes multiple tiers of caches. Specifically, the CDN 100 of FIG. 8 shows j tiers of caches (denoted Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3, .. Tier j in the drawing). Each tier of caches may comprise a number of caches organized into cache groups. A cache group may correspond to a cache cluster site or a cache cluster ( 202, 204 in FIGS. 2-5 ).
  • the Tier 1 caches are also referred to as edge caches, and Tier 1 is sometimes also referred to as the "edge” or the "edge of the CDN.”
  • the Tier 2 caches (when present in a CDN) are also referred to as parent caches.
  • FIG. 9 shows the logical organization / grouping of caches in a CDN of FIG. 8 .
  • each tier of caches has the same number ( n ) of cache groups.
  • n the number of cache groups.
  • each cache group may have the same or a different number of caches.
  • the number of caches in a cache group may vary dynamically. For example, additional caches may be added to a cache group to deal with increased load on the group.
  • the request / response mechanism 1104 tries to identify a customer associated with that request.
  • a "customer" is an entity that is authorized to have its content served by the server 1102.
  • the customer may be an external entity such as, e.g ., a subscriber to the CDN, or the customer may be another CDN component.
  • the server 1102 needs at least some information about the CDN's customers. This information may be stored as global data 1108 in a database 1106 on the server 1102.
  • Customers may provide handlers, parameters for existing handlers, or routines to be invoked by handlers at certain stages of the processing.
  • the control core may be configured to similarly request configuration data from the new cache, also in the form of one or more HTTP requests, although preferably the new cache provides needed information to the control core as part of one of its requests. It should be understood that appropriate security and encryption may be used to prevent unauthorized connection to the CDN.
  • the new cache machine can then begin to function as a CDN cache machine. In some cases the new cache machine may go through a warming phase in which it may query its neighbors and preemptively pull the GCO and some CCS data ( e.g. , of popular customers at the neighbor) before accepting any incoming client connections.
  • the new cache is ready to begin serving content on behalf of the CDN.
  • the new cache may obtain customer data (e.g. , CCSs) from nearby caches in anticipation of serving content on behalf of those customers.
  • the new cache will query members of the cluster to obtain the popular CCSs and popular content.
  • control core 108 is considered a single entity accessible, e.g ., by its domain name (e.g. , control.fp.net ) . While a particular client is likely to always get content from the same control core cluster component, there is no requirement for that to occur. For example, if there are five control core cluster components and one of the five control core cluster components fails or is otherwise unavailable, a client will access the control core transparently at one of the other control core components.
  • the leader can choose a value for the new round that is equal to the value of the latest round among the responses.
  • the leader can also choose an initial value if none of the servers were involved in a previous round. If the leader receives a response that the last accepted round is x, for example, and the current round is y, the server can imply that no round between x and y would be accepted, in order to maintain consistency.
  • Patent No. 7,565,433 titled “Byzantine Paxos”
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,558,883 titled “Fast Transaction Commit”
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,555,516 titled “Fast Paxos Recovery”
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,249,280 titled “Cheap Paxos”
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,463,532 titled “System And Method For Effectuating Distributed Consensus Among Members Of A Processor Set In A Multiprocessor Computing System Through The Use Of Shared Storage Resources,”.
  • scripting language should run ( e.g., be interpreted) quickly with a small interpreter, have a relatively small implementation, (be lightweight - have a small memory footprint and be easily sandboxed for secure execution) and provide sufficient control to allow customer-derived scripts to be used. It should be noted that "script” does not necessarily imply interpreted at run time, but rather it is used in a broader sense to mean loadable code.
  • the Incoming Connection Manager 1718 assigns a client task to handle it, and coordinates the process of accepting the connection, completing any TLS (Transport Layer Security) handshake, and assigning a priority and connection-level policy.
  • TLS Transport Layer Security
  • the Incoming Connection Manager 1718 continues to monitor and manage the connection throughout its lifetime.
  • the request processing engine has a set of request-specific information, comprising the parsed request, a set of policies for handling the request, and a manifest of pertinent cache information.
  • a manifest channel 1706 is responsible for determining how to respond to the request. In general, the decision will depend on the request-specific information, the object-specific information, the current state of the machine, the global state of the CDN, and the set of capabilities implemented in the cache. There may be one strategizer instance running for each actively referenced manifest in the cache, and that strategizer handles all clients and activities referencing that manifest. In a current implementation the strategizer is the manifest channel.
  • the manifest channel 1706 contains much of the intelligence in the cache. New capabilities may be added and special handling provided in the manifest channel 1706 for new classes of resources. For this reason, the architecture is designed to provide clean separation of mechanism and policy. Machinery/mechanisms implementing individual services are encapsulated into separate modules, and the manifest channel 1706 essentially acts as a conductor, supervising the construction of a response.
  • the global strategizer 1708 influences the manifest channel 1706 by adjusting a variety of modes and levels which the manifest channels consult when making their decisions. In turn, the global strategizer monitors the effects of the mode and level changes, and adjusts them as necessary to achieve the desired global conditions.
  • the global strategizer is the module in charge of the various feedback loops in the cache. For instance, by adjusting the maximum allowed object age, it can control the amount of data in the cache, and by adjusting the maximum size of objects allowed in the memory store, it can influence the amount of memory in use. In some implementations there may be no global strategizer and the storage system will manage its own resources, etc.
  • the manifest channel 1706 running for each manifest being actively accessed.
  • the role of the manifest channel is to coordinate all activities associated with the manifest, ensure that each client requesting the object is sent an individualized response meeting the policy constraints, and that this is done as efficiently as possible and without violating other constraints imposed by the global strategizer.
  • the SMED Table 1908 is a list of "measurement equivalent" caches in a table (SMEDTable). In practice, this list equates to a rack of hardware; i.e ., the set of machines plugged into a single router. Each entry includes one or more clusters.
  • the Flavors Table 1912 describes characteristics that are shared by all machines of a certain flavor (e . g ., content serving).
  • the term "flavor” is used here to distinguish between machines that perform different functions within the CDN (e.g. , content serving, etc.).
  • An Alias is a name by which a CoServer is known to the network, and is used to identify that CoServer during request processing.
  • the term alias can refer to both the format of this identifier, as well as certain attributes of the identifier.
  • a list of ways that the term is used follows: Term Meaning Simple Alias a FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name); the value of the Host: provided to the CDN by the client. e.g ., fp.example.com
  • Extended Alias an alias may include a top-level directory, in which case a match requires that both the presented Host: header and initial path element match the alias. e.g. , fp.example.com/dir.
  • This value is used as the Nickname when displaying data for this alias in the Reporting Portal Request Processing
  • the complete set of active aliases i.e ., those associated with active CoServers
  • This hash table provides a mapping from each alias to the CoServer ID associated with that alias.
  • the first path element of the request is joined to the value of the Host: header, and a lookup into this hash table performed. If no match is found, a second lookup is performed of just the Host: If a match is then found, processing completes since the appropriate CoServer has then been found.
  • the cache Once the cache has a valid GCO it tries to find a match for the input URL in the GCO (at 2008).
  • a "Best match wins” strategy is used. The hostname is checked first, and an exact match wins, otherwise, a wildcard match is used with greatest number of literal matches wins. For example, for customer3.com : the string "special.images.customer3.com” maps to 3.2 (more literal matches than 3.3); images.customer3.com maps to 3.4 (exact match). Next the port and protocol are looked up, then, longest path prefix wins.
  • the tiers are as follows: Tier Tier Name T 0 Region Tier T1 Rack Tier T n-1 Cluster Tier T n Edge Tier
  • FIG. 21D shows various components of the CDN system of FIG. 21A operating in their various roles.
  • FIG. 21D includes the rendezvous mechanisms (denoted using stars in the drawing).
  • the presently preferred rendezvous mechanism is implemented using the DNS system, and preferably acts to select or identify a "best” or “optimal” cluster from which to serve a given client. Preferably "best" cache selection happens at DNS lookup time.
  • FIG. 21D shows three typical operations occurring in the CDN.
  • the control core cluster On the left side of the drawing (and shown in greater detail in FIG. 21E ), the control core cluster performs distribution of control data to various cache clusters (preferably in response to an hierarchical pull of the data from the cache clusters).
  • cache clusters are performing content delivery.
  • the collector mechanism is collecting information from cache clusters.
  • a reference also known as “ cid “ or channel id , also known as " tid ” is a copy of the integer id of a task and is created when the task is created, or when a task itself calls ns_tid_alloc(). A reference is destroyed when returned to task during close or discard or the task itself calls ns_tid_free().
  • the Executive is started on a host by creating an appropriate number of vcores for that host and then starting the first task.
  • a global exchange may be used to transfer pointer ownership between vcores.
  • Typed pointers are packed into cache lines which are used to transfer the pointers efficiently, via mutex-protected queues. While various techniques are used to make the global exchange efficient, e . g ., amortization of lock cost by transferring multiple messages with a single lock transaction, lock-free inspection of a queue to see if there may be data (only need the lock if data is seen), etc, it should be appreciated that a "direct exchange" is preferable, and that the queues involved may be created using lock-free techniques.
  • the following example shows synchronization in task migration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé mis en œuvre par ordinateur exécuté dans un réseau de distribution de contenu (100), dans lequel le réseau de distribution de contenu fournit du contenu au nom d'un ou plusieurs abonnés au réseau de distribution de contenu, le procédé comprenant :
    (A) en réponse à la réception d'une demande de ressource au niveau d'un serveur cache (1102) dans ledit réseau de distribution de contenu, ladite demande étant associée à un abonné particulier du réseau de distribution de contenu, déterminer un séquenceur particulier pour traiter la demande, ledit séquenceur particulier utilisant un objet de contrôle de séquence (1301) incluant (i) une séquence de plusieurs gestionnaires (1302), et (ii) un ou plusieurs arguments de gestionnaire (1304) pour au moins certains des plusieurs gestionnaires, et dans lequel l'objet de contrôle de séquence est stocké sous une forme compilée,
    (B) lorsqu'un script de configuration client, CCS, est stocké localement dans, ou peut être obtenu par, le serveur cache (1102), traiter la demande audit serveur de cache dans ledit réseau de distribution de contenu conformément au séquenceur particulier en invoquant les plusieurs gestionnaires, dans lequel au moins certains desdits plusieurs gestionnaires sont des gestionnaires spécifiques à l'abonné spécifiés dans le CCS, et dans lequel les emplacements respectifs des gestionnaires spécifiques à l'abonné dans la séquence de gestionnaires sont spécifiés dans le CCS, et dans lequel la séquence de plusieurs gestionnaires est établie en exécutant le CCS, et
    dans lequel le CCS est associé audit abonné particulier au réseau de distribution de contenu; autrement:
    (C) effectuer une réponse par défaut en traitant la demande sans aucun gestionnaire spécifique à l'abonné si aucun desdits gestionnaires dans la séquence de plusieurs gestionnaires n'est un gestionnaire spécifique à l'abonné.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les un ou plusieurs arguments de gestionnaire sont pour moins que l'ensemble des plusieurs gestionnaires.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les plusieurs gestionnaires comprennent une liste ordonnée desdits plusieurs gestionnaires, et dans lequel, en (B), lesdits plusieurs gestionnaires sont invoqués dans un ordre spécifié par ladite liste ordonnée.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit séquenceur particulier est bidirectionnel, et dans lequel lesdits plusieurs gestionnaires ont un ordre défini, et dans lequel, en (B), lesdits plusieurs gestionnaires sont invoqués dans ledit ordre défini puis dans un ordre inverse dudit ordre défini.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins un des plusieurs gestionnaires inspecte et modifie la séquence de gestionnaires.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel un premier gestionnaire du séquenceur particulier lance une sous-séquence d'un ou plusieurs gestionnaires, dans lequel l'exécution du séquenceur particulier est suspendue jusqu'à l'achèvement de la sous-séquence.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel un premier gestionnaire du séquenceur particulier lance une deuxième séquence complète d'un ou plusieurs gestionnaires, dans lequel l'exécution du séquenceur particulier se poursuit pendant l'exécution de la deuxième sous-séquence complète, de préférence dans lequel le séquenceur particulier obtient un résultat de la seconde sous-séquence complète et dans lequel le séquenceur particulier, si nécessaire, attend un résultat de la seconde sous-séquence complète.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins un des plusieurs gestionnaires est retiré de la séquence après achèvement du traitement dudit au moins un des plusieurs gestionnaires respectifs.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins un des plusieurs gestionnaires est un gestionnaire persistant,
    dans lequel ledit gestionnaire persistant est invoqué dans une direction avant de la séquence et dans une direction inverse de la séquence.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins l'un:
    dudit séquenceur est une tâche ; et
    dudit séquenceur est bidirectionnel.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins l'un :
    d'au moins certains gestionnaires desdits plusieurs gestionnaires sont bloquants ; et
    d'au moins certains gestionnaires desdits plusieurs gestionnaires sont synchrones.
  12. Serveur cache (1102), utilisable dans un réseau de distribution de contenu (100), le serveur cache comprenant :
    (i) un matériel comprenant une mémoire (2308) et au moins un processeur (2306) ; et
    (ii) un mécanisme de serveur de cache (1104) construit et adapté pour effectuer le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11.
  13. Programme informatique incluant des instructions pour, lorsque le programme est exécuté par des moyens informatiques, amener les moyens informatiques à mettre en œuvre un procédé selon la revendication 1.
EP17179711.1A 2011-12-14 2012-12-14 Réseau de fourniture de contenu Active EP3249545B1 (fr)

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US201161570448P 2011-12-14 2011-12-14
US201161570486P 2011-12-14 2011-12-14
EP12857282.3A EP2791819B1 (fr) 2011-12-14 2012-12-14 Réseau de délivrance de contenu
PCT/US2012/069712 WO2013090699A1 (fr) 2011-12-14 2012-12-14 Réseau de délivrance de contenu

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US9456053B2 (en) 2016-09-27
US20210067601A1 (en) 2021-03-04
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US20130159473A1 (en) 2013-06-20
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US20190082029A1 (en) 2019-03-14
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US9516136B2 (en) 2016-12-06
US20140372589A1 (en) 2014-12-18
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US10841398B2 (en) 2020-11-17
US11218566B2 (en) 2022-01-04
EP3249546A1 (fr) 2017-11-29
US20220116477A1 (en) 2022-04-14
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US10187491B2 (en) 2019-01-22
US9451045B2 (en) 2016-09-20
HK1246903A1 (zh) 2018-09-14
US20240106918A1 (en) 2024-03-28
US11838385B2 (en) 2023-12-05
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