EP3237284B1 - Unité pliable blindée de propulsion à travers un milieu tel que de l'eau et navire doté d'une telle unité - Google Patents

Unité pliable blindée de propulsion à travers un milieu tel que de l'eau et navire doté d'une telle unité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3237284B1
EP3237284B1 EP15820429.7A EP15820429A EP3237284B1 EP 3237284 B1 EP3237284 B1 EP 3237284B1 EP 15820429 A EP15820429 A EP 15820429A EP 3237284 B1 EP3237284 B1 EP 3237284B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blades
propelling unit
vessel
propelling
propeller
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Application number
EP15820429.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3237284A1 (fr
Inventor
Morten WEDEL
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Esmar Engineering Aps
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Esmar Engineering Aps
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Publication of EP3237284A1 publication Critical patent/EP3237284A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers
    • B63H1/20—Hubs; Blade connections
    • B63H1/22—Hubs; Blade connections the blades being foldable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a propelling unit for propelling a vessel through water, such as a boat or a ship.
  • a vessel may have two or more ways of forward or backwards motion, such as boats having both a sail and a propeller for ensuring forward motion.
  • a problem associated with such multiple propulsion system is that it creates drag, i.e. flow resistance, when not in use, for instance the propeller of the ship will cause significant drag when sailing by sail.
  • the known collapsible propelling units include foldable boat propellers, which fold their blades about axes perpendicular to the propeller shaft axis and propellers with adjustable pitch and feathering ability (CP propellers).
  • retractable devices are seen, which can be retracted into the main ship hull. They are often seen used for generation of transverse thrust in connection with maneuvering, but can also be used for forward thrust.
  • a boat propeller which rotates the blades around axes parallel to the propeller shaft axis.
  • This propeller however aims at varying the diameter of the propeller disc (The area where the propeller is active), optimizing the output of the propeller rather than reducing the resistance, and the mechanism can be seen more as a load controlling mechanism.
  • Another solution is a propeller known from DE 4119810 A1 .
  • an aircraft propeller with foldable blades which has a variable adjustable pitch angle with a link between outer linkage positions and propeller drive shaft.
  • the two bladed propeller is designed for powered gliders.
  • the two blades are connected via a mechanism that folds away the blades when not in use.
  • the blades are covered by a shell also when not in use, though the solution is not aerodynamically optimized as the shell and the fuselage of the glider is not closed, introducing drag on the glider when the propeller is in use, as the shell and the fuselage has a gap with the propeller extruding.
  • the mechanism of said propeller unfolds the blades by the centrifugal forces, which requires a higher minimum output from the propulsion system to function than if it was driving a normal propeller, minimizing the flexibility of the solution.
  • the solution is mainly intended to accelerate and lift a glider into the comfort zone of the gliding abilities, which reduces the influence of the less efficiency of the propulsion system.
  • the foldable propellers lack a mechanism that fully controls the folding/unfolding procedure, as they utilize the centrifugal force generated when rotating the propeller.
  • a problem associated with the above-mentioned solutions is that some of these solutions are either unsuitable or impossible to use on larger vessels and/or only reduce the introduced hydrodynamic effects of dragging a propeller to some extent.
  • the present invention addresses this problem by providing a propelling unit according to claim 1.
  • a collapsible propeller mechanism that has the feature that, when collapsed, it is completely encased in a shell of a vessel in a flush manner without more than the absolute minimum gap between rotating body and non-rotating body, allowing minimal drag and other undesired aero- and/or hydrodynamic forces on a second propulsion system.
  • the propelling unit preferably comprises a shell, a set of collapsible or foldable blades fitting inside said shell in a flush manner when collapsed, a mechanism for collapsing or retracting and extracting the blades that includes the functionality of extending the shielding shell and turning the blades out to form the rotor, i.e. a propeller.
  • the shielding shell When retracting the rotor, the shielding shell is again extended and the mechanism is adapted to retract (fold back) the blades of the rotor and then withdraw the shielding shell to cover the retracted rotor and also form a uniform, flush surface around the rotor.
  • This functionality is preferably integrated with the drive means for driving the rotor when unfolded.
  • the shielding shell fits over the blades in a flush manner with the housing to achieve a minimal hydrodynamic drag.
  • This collapsible propelling unit can be used for many purposes.
  • the propelling unit is provided on the keel of a sail boat in order to reduce hydrodynamic drag of the propelling unit when going under sail.
  • the propelling unit can preferably be built into a bulbous keel, where it makes a positive contribution to the keel weight, and potentially even with an engine built into the keel also.
  • the blades are preferably specially designed for their position, in the front, the middle or the back of the torpedo shaped hull or bulbous keel.
  • the blades of the rotor may be designed to rotate in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction.
  • the special shape of the blades allows for the blades to fold perfectly in, overlapping each other. With more than one propeller working together on the same hull/body, the special efficiency gain from more propellers working together in counteracting directions can be attained.
  • the actual turning mechanism for folding and unfolding the propelling unit can be done in numerous ways and can use various technologies.
  • the bulbous keel has a bulbous housing 4 and in the figures various embodiments are shown, where a propulsion unit may be fitted at one end, i.e. either the front or the rear end of the bulbous keel or at both ends, i.e. the propeller unit can be installed in either end of the bulbous keel. If installed behind it is referred to as a pushing propeller and if installed in front as a pulling propeller.
  • the Propeller unit comprises foldable blades 1, 1' and the blades 1 are covered by a shielding shell 2, when the propeller blades 1' are collapsed (as shown in fig. 8 ).
  • the blade foot 3 (see fig. 11 ) is turned into position forming a completely smooth outer body together with the torpedo shaped hull 4 and the shielding shell 2.
  • the blades 1, 1' are mounted in a rotor configuration on an extraction mechanism 5, which is mounted on the propeller drive shaft 6.
  • FIG. 1 In isometric view of figure 1 , an embodiment of the invention is shown where a bulbous keel 20 of a boat 22, such as a sailing boat, is fitted with a propelling unit engaged for propulsion at one end and where the shielding shell 2 is provided with indentations 2' that interlocks with the foot 3 of the blades 1' in a flush manner, minimizing undesired hydrodynamic resistance and turbulence when the rotor is extracted.
  • fig. 2 an embodiment is shown where a propelling unit at both ends is provided and in the situation where both units are closed in their inactive positions. The indentations 2' at the rim of the shielding shells 2 are also shown.
  • the rotor is extracted and at the other end two rotors in series are provided and shown in their retracted configuration. It is by the invention realized that a two rotor configuration may be provided at a given end of the bulbous keel independent of what kind of propulsion system that may or may not be provided at the other end.
  • FIG 5 a detailed side view is shown and in figures 6 and 7 the same is shown as cross-sections of the mechanism.
  • the bell shaped parts 10 of the mechanism 7 allowing for folding the blades 1, 1' of the propelling unit in and out and thereby engaging or disengaging the propulsion.
  • FIG. 5-10 there is shown an embodiment of the invention where a gearing mechanism similar to a planetary gear is provided using the bell shaped parts 10 at the bottom 3 of the blade parts 1 to rotate the blades into or out from the shielding shell, by rotating a center cog, mounted in the centre of the mechanical box 5, on the inner shaft 6', that extends out of the outer shaft 6, which is mounted on the mechanical box 5.
  • the inner axle 6' is also used to engage and disengage the shielding shell 2 to allow for said rotating movement of the blades.
  • the functionality of retracting the shell/hub and turning the blades are done by pushing and turning the inner shaft/"push-pull-rod" that runs inside the hollow propeller shaft respectively.
  • the hollow (main) shaft 6 transfers the rotational (propulsive) power when the rotor is extracted. Folding the blades in or out when the shielding shell is open requires a relative translating/turning movement of the push/pull rod relative to the main shaft or vice versa, for this reason the extraction of the blades can also be done by holding still the push/pull rod and turning the shaft slightly.
  • the inner shaft 6'/"push-pull-rod" is only constrained to the inner/centre cog in the radial direction, as the inner shaft, in the part that can slide through the inner cog, is square (or similar "lock-and-key-fitting shape, i.e. not round, but square in the shown embodiment), and can transfer radial movement to the inner/centre cog that has an equal (square) shaped opening, with a tolerance that allows for the inner shaft 6' to slide through the opening in the inner/centre cog also.
  • the ability for the inner shaft to slide through the centre cog allows for a longitudinal movement of the inner shaft that can control the position of the shielding shell. This is done through the connection (position 11 (see fig.
  • the shielding shell 2 and the mechanical box 5 are aligned by means of the inner tube fitted to the mechanical box 5 and the outer tube inside the shielding shell. These tubes/cylinders are also locked against rotation with tracks on the opponent faces (position 12).
  • connection (Position 11) is locked in order to transfer rotation to the shielded shell 2, and the guiding tracks in position (12) are turned/shaped in a way that forces the right relative turning of the inner shaft 6' and hence the folding in/out of the blades.
  • a piston 13 may be provided fixed to the inner shaft 6' whereby the piston 13 functions as a part of hydraulic drive means so that the propeller head, i.e. shielding shell 2, can be axially displaced by controlling the pressure of and/or the amount of hydraulic fluid on either sides of the piston 13.
  • the extraction mechanism can be operated either by the push/pull rod or by the cylinder build in to the propeller head.
  • the housing 5 contains a mechanism 7 that folds and unfolds the blades 1, 1' around axles 3' around which the bell-shaped cogs 10 are rotating and which axles 3' are parallel to the propeller drive shaft 6.
  • the blades 1, 1' folds and unfolds by turning the sun cog 8 that turns the moon cogs 9 that again turns the special bell shaped outer moon layer cogs 10 connected to the blades 1 at the blade foot 3 (see figures 9-11 ).
  • the shielding shell 2 covers the blades 1' and locks them in position.
  • the mechanism of the propeller unit is provided with a hollow outer shaft 6 with a thinner shaft 6' inside.
  • the inner shaft 6' pushes the shielding cap 2 away from the propeller by moving it away in the longitudinal direction.
  • the blade feet 3 are unlocked, allowing the folding out of the blades 1 by turning the inner shaft 6' relatively to the outer shaft 6.
  • the folding/unfolding mechanism of the propelling unit comprises a sun cog (centre cog) 8, driving the intermediate layer of planetary cogs (moons) 9, which again drive the special bell-like shaped toothed parts 10, which can be seen/described as the outer moon layer if compared with a planetary gear.
  • This mechanism is unique because the planetary gear comprises two layers of "moons" where the cogs in the outer layer (second moon layer) are basically only a part of a moon-wheel.
  • the special way in which the turning sequence is made every individual bell-shaped moon wheel 10 is being pushed/turned, first by one of the intermediate moons 9 and later in the sequence by the another.
  • the shafts 3' extending out of the housing 5 can be very close to the outer edge. It enables a very compact solution, and allows the shaft 3' to be relatively thick and for the gearing of the outer moon to have a reasonable diameter that makes a good gearing with the intermediate moon gear layer and the sun cog wheel in comparison with a solution with only one layer of moon cog wheels.
  • the gearing could also be driven by e.g. a similar mechanism based on linear or rotational hydraulic or electrical actuation, mechanisms using belt drive or chain drive inside the housing.
  • the blades 1 of the propeller unit are mounted on blade roots 3 with a characteristic shape, ensuring a clean/flush surface of the roots 3 against the shell 2 both in the folded and unfolded position, and the propeller can have any number of blades from two or more, such as five as shown in fig. 10 .
  • the geometry of the mechanism and the number of teeth on the gears is developed and tailored to fit the number of blades and the required angular motion of the blades.
  • the blades are designed to fit the requirements for the vessel propulsion system and desired location or area of use.
  • the sun wheel in the mechanism can be customized to be driven mechanically, electrically or hydraulically, depending on the available power source on a relevant vessel, as well as the linear motion of the inner shaft 6', and the rotation of the propeller unit when unfolded.
  • the propeller unit ensures minimum hydrodynamic resistance in the folded mode when not in use, as well as when the propeller unit is unfolded. This means that when the propeller is used on a sailing vessel, it will increase performance of the sailing vessel and optimize comfort and aerodynamic efficiency of the sails, which could lead to smaller sails and/or higher speeds, when sailing by wind.
  • the blades are protected by the shell in the folded mode, reducing the risk of damage of the blades due to grounding or encounter with objects in the water, which will also minimize damage to surrounding animal and plant life, when travelling through the water.
  • the invention is explained with reference to some preferred embodiments. However, it is realized that other variants of the propelling unit according to the invention may be provided without departing from the invention as defined in the accompanying claims. For instance, above the invention is described with reference to a sea-going vessel providing propeller propulsion through the water. However, it is realized that the invention may also find use as a propeller propulsion system for an aircraft, such as a powered sailplane, where the medium in which the propeller is operating is air. Further, it is realized by the invention that the invention may be used for a vessel that is fully submerged in the water, such as a torpedo or a submarine vessel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Unité de propulsion pour propulser un navire, à travers l'eau, ladite unité de propulsion comprenant :
    un rotor comprenant une pluralité de pales (1, 1') pliables, de préférence deux ou plus, ledit rotor étant monté sur un arbre d'entraînement (6) relié à des moyens d'entraînement pour propulser ledit navire par la rotation dudit rotor autour d'un axe,
    un écran de protection (2) pouvant être déplacé entre une première et une seconde position, dans lequel l'écran de protection (2) dans ladite première position est adapté pour couvrir et loger le rotor avec les pales (1, 1') dans leur position rétractée, et dans lequel l'écran de protection (2) dans la seconde position permet l'extraction des pales (1, 1'), dans lequel
    un mécanisme d'extraction (5) est prévu pour effectuer ledit déplacement entre les première et seconde positions, où ledit mécanisme d'extraction (5) comprend des roues d'engrenage en prise (8, 9, 10) ; et dans lequel l'unité de propulsion est montée dans un boîtier (4),
    caractérisé en ce que l'écran de protection (2) est pourvu d'indentations (2') qui se verrouillent avec le pied (3) des pales (1, 1'), de sorte que l'écran de protection (2), lorsqu'il est rétracté, affleure la surface extérieure dudit boîtier (4) dans les première et seconde positions où les pales (1, 1') sont rétractées et extraites, respectivement.
  2. Unité de propulsion selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les roues d'engrenage en prise (8, 9, 10) forment un engrenage planétaire, ayant une roue de pignon d'entraînement centrée (8) reliée par l'intermédiaire d'un arbre intérieur (6') et exerçant une force de rotation sur un second ensemble de roues de pignon pour mettre en prise et désengager ladite unité de propulsion et ainsi plier ou déplier les pales (1, 1') du rotor en fonction du sens de rotation.
  3. Unité de propulsion selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle l'engrenage planétaire comprend un pignon solaire (8) et deux couches de lunes, de sorte que le pignon solaire (8) entraîne une couche d'un pignon planétaire intermédiaire (9), et entraîne des roues lunaires en forme de cloche (10) dans la couche extérieure, de sorte qu'une séquence de rotation est effectuée lorsque chaque roue lunaire en forme de cloche (10) individuelle est poussée/tournée, tout d'abord par l'un des pignons planétaires intermédiaires (9) et plus tard dans la séquence par l'autre.
  4. Unité de propulsion selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle un arbre intérieur centré (6') est prévu à l'intérieur de l'arbre d'entraînement (6) permettant à un mouvement linéaire de mettre en prise et de désengager un mouvement longitudinal de ladite coque de protection (2) dans une direction sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de rotation, et dans laquelle un mouvement de rotation relatif entre l'arbre d'entraînement (6) et l'arbre intérieur (6') fournit le mouvement de rotation pour mettre en prise et désengager les pales (1, 1') afin de permettre le déploiement et le pliage de ladite unité de propulsion.
  5. Unité de propulsion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les pignons planétaires en prise (9) viennent en prise avec un élément denté (10) à la base de chacune des pales (1, 1') adaptées pour assurer un degré de rotation souhaité des pales (1, 1') autour de leur axe de rotation.
  6. Unité de propulsion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit mécanisme d'extraction (5) est alimenté par des moyens d'entraînement pneumatiques et/ou des moyens d'entraînement hydrauliques et/ou des moyens d'entraînement électriques.
  7. Unité de propulsion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les pales (1, 1') sont pourvues d'un degré de tangage fixe.
  8. Unité de propulsion selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle les pales (1, 1') sont pourvues d'un degré de tangage réglable.
  9. Unité de propulsion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle une pluralité de rotors sont pourvues le long de l'axe d'entraînement.
  10. Navire comprenant une unité de propulsion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'unité de propulsion est montée sur un élément d'extension du navire (22) .
  11. Navire selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'élément d'extension est la quille (20) du navire (22).
  12. Navire selon la revendication 10 ou 11, dans lequel l'unité de propulsion est montée face à l'avant du navire (22).
  13. Navire selon la revendication 12, dans lequel l'unité de propulsion est montée face à l'arrière du navire (22).
  14. Navire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 ou 13, dans lequel au moins deux unités de propulsion sont montées à la fois à l'avant et à l'arrière du corps propulsé sont adaptées pour tourner dans le même sens.
  15. Navire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 ou 13, dans lequel au moins deux unités de propulsion sont montées à la fois à l'avant et à l'arrière du corps propulsé sont adaptées pour tourner en sens contraire.
EP15820429.7A 2014-12-23 2015-12-08 Unité pliable blindée de propulsion à travers un milieu tel que de l'eau et navire doté d'une telle unité Active EP3237284B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201400750 2014-12-23
PCT/DK2015/050383 WO2016101954A1 (fr) 2014-12-23 2015-12-08 Unité pliable blindée de propulsion à travers un milieu tel que de l'eau et navire doté d'une telle unité

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EP3237284A1 EP3237284A1 (fr) 2017-11-01
EP3237284B1 true EP3237284B1 (fr) 2019-05-22

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EP15820429.7A Active EP3237284B1 (fr) 2014-12-23 2015-12-08 Unité pliable blindée de propulsion à travers un milieu tel que de l'eau et navire doté d'une telle unité

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EP (1) EP3237284B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3237284T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2738405T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016101954A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114516396B (zh) * 2022-01-26 2023-04-25 鹏城实验室 一种微型双速水空两用推进器
CN115258155A (zh) * 2022-05-10 2022-11-01 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 一种两栖一体动力推进装置

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2300812A1 (de) 1973-01-09 1974-07-11 Menke Josef F Faltpropeller fuer segeljachten mit hilfsmotor
DE2814586C2 (de) * 1978-04-05 1984-05-10 Reiner Dr.-Phys. 1000 Berlin Stemme Antriebseinrichtung für Flugzeuge
SE8000362L (sv) 1980-01-16 1981-07-17 Volvo Penta Ab Batpropeller med fellbara blad
US5183384A (en) 1988-05-16 1993-02-02 Trumbly Joe H Foldable propeller assembly
DE4119810A1 (de) 1991-06-15 1992-12-17 Stemme Gmbh & Co Kg Flugzeugpropeller
DK145093D0 (da) 1993-12-23 1993-12-23 Gori 1902 As Propel
JP3252042B2 (ja) 1993-12-27 2002-01-28 本田技研工業株式会社 船用の可変プロペラ
DE4420219A1 (de) * 1994-06-06 1995-12-07 Stemme Gmbh & Co Kg Luftfahrzeug
SE509770C2 (sv) 1995-11-28 1999-03-08 Volvo Penta Ab Propeller
DE10040577B4 (de) * 2000-08-18 2006-02-23 König, Helmut, Ing. Antriebseinrichtung für Flugzeuge
AT410310B (de) * 2001-04-09 2003-03-25 Koenig Helmut Ing Luft- oder wasserfahrzeug
US9284962B2 (en) * 2012-08-24 2016-03-15 Zee.Aero Inc. Variable geometry lift fan mechanism

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
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Publication number Publication date
DK3237284T3 (da) 2019-08-19
EP3237284A1 (fr) 2017-11-01
ES2738405T3 (es) 2020-01-22
WO2016101954A1 (fr) 2016-06-30

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