EP3233326A1 - Method and device for forging a workpiece in bar form - Google Patents

Method and device for forging a workpiece in bar form

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Publication number
EP3233326A1
EP3233326A1 EP15825907.7A EP15825907A EP3233326A1 EP 3233326 A1 EP3233326 A1 EP 3233326A1 EP 15825907 A EP15825907 A EP 15825907A EP 3233326 A1 EP3233326 A1 EP 3233326A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forging
workpiece
axis
cross
tools
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15825907.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3233326B1 (en
Inventor
Robert Koppensteiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GFM GmbH
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GFM GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GFM GmbH filed Critical GFM GmbH
Publication of EP3233326A1 publication Critical patent/EP3233326A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3233326B1 publication Critical patent/EP3233326B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
    • B21J1/025—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough affecting grain orientation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for forging a rodförmi- gene workpiece, which is deformed by means of forging tools in the sense of a forging axis perpendicular cross-sectional displacement and subjected to axial feed and optionally a rotation about the forging axis in the engagement pauses of the forging tools, and on a Apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method by means of which the structure for workpieces can be significantly improved even with larger cross-sectional dimensions. Based on a method of the type described, the invention solves the problem by the fact that the workpiece is deformed in a bending zone between two central Abstützungen by the radially acting on the workpiece forging forging tools forging in the sense of the axis perpendicular to the forging axis cross-sectional displacement.
  • the workpiece is supported centrically on both sides of a bending zone and bent out of a coaxial position relative to the forging axis between these centric supports by forging tools acting radially to the forging axis, both occur during bending of the Workpiece from the forging axis and when bending back into the
  • the forging-related cross-sectional reduction of a workpiece and the final finishing enforces a workpiece axis coaxial to the forging axis, so that the workpiece during reduction forging and / or finishing for bending deformation can be supported centrally without additional measures.
  • Forging tools to be provided with molding surfaces that cause due to a different distance from the forging axis a relation to the forging axis eccentric cross section of the workpiece and thus a workpiece transverse displacement.
  • Such forming surfaces formed by the paired opposing forging tools with different distances from the forging axis are compulsory for bending out the workpiece according to the invention if they provide a forming surface which is eccentric relative to the forging axis between entry and exit side molding surfaces for a die cross section coaxial with the forge axis are.
  • the central support of the workpiece is formed immediately before and after the bending zone by the forging tools themselves, with the advantage that the bending curve for the workpiece can be specified throughout.
  • the inlet-side shaping surfaces form a forming space that tapers in the feed direction, in a conventional manner a cross-sectional reduction in conjunction with additional grain refinement is achieved by a deflection of the workpiece transversely to the forging axis.
  • the molding surfaces can also provide for a cross-sectional reduction.
  • the discharge side molding surfaces of the forging tools can form a sizing tool to obtain a workpiece having a fine-grained texture and a good surface quality after the forging process.
  • Fig. 1 shows two of the four employed to form a mold cavity, each other in pairs opposed forging tools of a forging apparatus according to the invention in a view of the molding surfaces
  • Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II of Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 5 is a section along the line V-V of Fig. 2 and
  • only the four forging tools 1, 2, 3, 4 which are opposite one another in pairs and radially actable on a forging axis a are in a forging-shaped workpiece 5, indicated in phantom educative employment.
  • These forging tools 1, 2, 3, 4 form forming surfaces 6 on the inlet side, which form a coaxial cavity to the forging axis a and due to their inclined in the feed direction 7 course cause a cross-sectional reduction.
  • On the outlet side molding surfaces 8 are provided, which also determine a coaxial forging axis a mold space and advantageously provide for an additional reduction in cross-section, which supports the centric guidance of the workpiece 5 in the area of the outlet side molding surfaces 8.
  • the outlet side mold surfaces can also be used as a finishing tool.
  • the axis of the workpiece cross-section is denoted by 10 and extends offset relative to the forging axis a, so that the workpiece 5 is opposite the inlet and outlet side, by the forming surfaces 6 and 8 formed, the workpiece 5 coaxial with the forging axis a leading Abstützept 1 1 is bent.
  • the invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiment.
  • the grain refinement according to the invention can also be used for workpieces with a rectangular cross section. In this case, the workpiece rotation is eliminated during the feed steps.
  • the invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • the supports 1 1 formed by the forming surfaces 6 and 8 could be moved upstream and downstream of the forging tools, so that the forging tools only have the task of forming a bending zone 13 for the workpiece 5, for which only two opposing forging tools are required.
  • the supports 1 1 could be formed by upstream and downstream forging tools, but this is not mandatory, because the supports 1 1 for the centric guidance of the workpiece 5 coaxial with the forging axis a need not be designed in the form of forging tools.

Abstract

A description is given of a method and a device for forging a workpiece (5) in bar form, which is deformed with the aid of forging tools (1, 2, 3, 4) in the sense of a cross-sectional displacement perpendicular to the forging axis (a) and is subjected to an axial advancement and possibly a rotation about the forging axis (a) during the pauses in the engagement of the forging tools (1, 2, 3, 4). In order to achieve an advantageous grain refinement, it is proposed that the workpiece (5) is deformed in the sense of the cross-sectional displacement perpendicular to the forging axis (a) in a bending zone (13) between two central supports (11) by means of the forging tools (1, 2, 3, 4) acting on the workpiece (5) radially in relation to the forging axis (a).

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmieden eines stabförmiqen Werkstücks  Method and device for forging a rod-shaped workpiece
Technisches Gebiet Technical area
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Schmieden eines stabförmi- gen Werkstücks, das mit Hilfe von Schmiedewerkzeugen im Sinne einer zur Schmiedeachse senkrechten Querschnittsverlagerung verformt und in den Eingriffspausen der Schmiedewerkzeuge einem axialen Vorschub und gegebenenfalls einer Drehung um die Schmiedeachse unterworfen wird, und auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. The invention relates to a method for forging a rodförmi- gene workpiece, which is deformed by means of forging tools in the sense of a forging axis perpendicular cross-sectional displacement and subjected to axial feed and optionally a rotation about the forging axis in the engagement pauses of the forging tools, and on a Apparatus for carrying out the method.
Stand der Technik Beim Schmieden von Werkstücken, die in den Eingriffspausen der Schmiedewerkzeuge einem axialen Vorschub und gegebenenfalls einer Drehung um die Schmiedeachse unterworfen werden, wird durch die radial auf den Werkstückrohling einwirkenden, einander paarweise gegenüberliegenden Schmiedewerkzeuge nicht nur eine Querschnittsreduktion des Werkstückrohlings erreicht, sondern auch das Korngefüge des Werkstücks verbessert. Die Änderung der Gefügestruktur hängt von verschiedenen Schmiedeparametern, wie der Schmiedetemperatur, der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, der Größe der Querschnittsreduktion und der Verformungsgeschwindigkeit, ab, sodass über diese Parameter auch Einfluss auf die Gefügestruktur des geschmiedeten Werk- Stücks genommen werden kann. Allerdings bleibt die Einflussmöglichkeit auf die Gefügestruktur durch Änderung dieser Parameter beschränkt, insbesondere wenn es darum geht, eine möglichst gleichmäßige Gefügestruktur über den Werkstückquerschnitt zu erreichen. PRIOR ART In the forging of workpieces which are subjected to an axial feed and possibly a rotation about the forging axis in the break intervals of the forging tools, not only a reduction in the cross-section of the workpiece blank is achieved by the paired opposed forging dies acting radially on the workpiece blank, but also improves the grain structure of the workpiece. The change in the microstructure depends on various forging parameters, such as the forging temperature, the feed rate, the size of the cross-section reduction and the deformation rate, so that these parameters can also influence the microstructure of the forged workpiece. However, the possibility of influencing the microstructure remains limited by changing these parameters, in particular when it comes to achieving as uniform as possible a microstructure over the workpiece cross-section.
Zur Kornverfeinerung von metallischen Werkstücken ist es darüber hinaus be- kannt (US 6 571 593 B1 ), das Werkstück mit Hilfe von eine Querschnittsreduktion bewirkenden Walzen durch eine anschließende Matrize zu drücken, die ei- nen Umlenkkanal für das gewalzte Werkstück bildet, um aufgrund der bei einer Umlenkung mit einem kleinem Umlenkradius im Werkstück auftretenden Scherkräfte die angestrebte Kornverfeinerung zu erzielen. Solche Vorrichtungen eignen sich wegen der aufzuwendenden Kräfte allerdings nur für ver- gleichsweise kleine Werkstückquerschnitte. For grain refinement of metallic workpieces, it is also known (US Pat. No. 6,571,593 B1) to press the workpiece by means of rollers causing a reduction in cross-section through a subsequent die, which NEN deflection channel for the rolled workpiece forms to achieve the desired grain refinement due to the shearing forces occurring in the workpiece during a deflection with a small deflection radius. However, such devices are only suitable for comparatively small workpiece cross sections because of the forces to be applied.
Dieser Nachteil wird durch ein Schmiedeverfahren überwunden (RU 2 406 588 C2), bei dem das Werkstück zwischen vier einander paarweise gegenüberliegenden Hämmern bearbeitet wird, von denen ein oberer Hammer mit einem feststehenden unteren Hammer zusammenwirkt, während die seitlichen Häm- mer unter 45° nach unten bewegt werden, sodass das Werkstück im Sinne einer zur Schmiedeachse senkrechten Querschnittsverlagerung mit der Wirkung verformt wird, dass sich aufgrund der damit verbundenen zusätzlichen Scherspannungen eine Kornverfeinerung erzielen lässt, allerdings nur in einem beschränkten Ausmaß, trotz des durch die besonderen Hammerführung beding- ten Konstruktionsaufwands. This disadvantage is overcome by a forging process (RU 2 406 588 C2), in which the workpiece is machined between four pairs of opposed hammers, of which an upper hammer cooperates with a fixed lower hammer, while the lateral hammers work below 45 ° be moved down so that the workpiece is deformed in the sense of a cross-section displacement perpendicular to the forging axis with the effect that can be achieved due to the associated additional shear stresses, a grain refinement, but only to a limited extent, despite the costs incurred by the special hammer guide design effort ,
Darstellung der Erfindung Presentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dessen Hilfe die Gefüge für Werkstücke auch mit größeren Querschnittsabmessungen erheblich verbessert werden können. Ausgehend von einem Verfahren der eingangs geschilderten Art löst die Erfindung die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, dass das Werkstück in einer Biegezone zwischen zwei zentrischen AbStützungen durch die radial zur Schmiedeachse auf das Werkstück einwirkenden Schmiedewerkzeuge im Sinne der zur Schmiedeachse senkrechten Querschnittsverlagerung verformt wird. Da zufolge dieser Maßnahme das Werkstück beidseits einer Biegezone zentrisch abgestützt und zwischen diesen zentrischen AbStützungen durch radial zur Schmiedeachse einwirkende Schmiedewerkzeuge aus einer zur Schmiedeachse koaxialen Lage ausgebogen wird, treten sowohl beim Ausbiegen des Werkstücks aus der Schmiedeachse als auch beim Zurückbiegen in die The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method by means of which the structure for workpieces can be significantly improved even with larger cross-sectional dimensions. Based on a method of the type described, the invention solves the problem by the fact that the workpiece is deformed in a bending zone between two central Abstützungen by the radially acting on the workpiece forging forging tools forging in the sense of the axis perpendicular to the forging axis cross-sectional displacement. Since, according to this measure, the workpiece is supported centrically on both sides of a bending zone and bent out of a coaxial position relative to the forging axis between these centric supports by forging tools acting radially to the forging axis, both occur during bending of the Workpiece from the forging axis and when bending back into the
Schmiedeachse Querbelastungen und durch diese Querbelastungen über den Querschnitt verteilte Scherspannungen auf, die für eine merkliche Kornverfeinerung über den gesamten Querschnitt des Werkstücks sorgen. Mit Hilfe der hierfür eingesetzten Schmiedewerkzeuge können in einfacher Weise auch Werkstücke mit vergleichsweise großen Querschnittsabmessungen in wenigstens einem Durchlauf bearbeitet werden. Forging axis Transverse stresses and shear stresses distributed across these cross-sections due to these transverse loads, which provide significant grain refinement over the entire cross-section of the workpiece. With the help of the forging tools used for this purpose, workpieces with comparatively large cross-sectional dimensions can be processed in at least one pass in a simple manner.
Besonders vorteilhafte Bedingungen zur Verbesserung der Gefügestruktur ergeben sich, wenn das Werkstück in Vorschubrichtung vor der Biegezone einer Schmiedereduktion unterworfen wird, weil die durch die Schmiedeparameter bedingten Einflüsse auf die kristalline Struktur des Werkstücks in Verbindung mit der zusätzlichen biegebedingten Querschnittsverlagerung senkrecht zur Schmiedeachse vorteilhaft genützt werden können. Im Anschluss an die Kornverfeinerung durch ein Ausbiegen des Werkstücks mit Hilfe von Schmiede- Werkzeugen kann das Werkstück einer weiteren Querschnittsreduktion unterworfen werden, die den zusätzlichen Vorteil einer genauen Führung koaxial zur Schmiedeachse mit sich bringt. Eine abschließende Schlichtbearbeitung ergibt eine entsprechende Oberflächengüte. Die schmiedebedingte Querschnittsreduktion eines Werkstücks sowie das abschließende Schlichten erzwingt eine zur Schmiedeachse koaxiale Werkstücklage, sodass das Werkstück beim Reduktionsschmieden und/oder beim Schlichten für die Biegeverformung ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen zentrisch abgestützt werden kann. Particularly advantageous conditions for improving the microstructure result when the workpiece is subjected to forging reduction in the feed direction in front of the bending zone, because the influences on the crystalline structure of the workpiece caused by the forging parameters can be utilized advantageously in conjunction with the additional bending-induced cross-sectional displacement perpendicular to the forging axis , Subsequent to the grain refinement by bending the workpiece with the aid of forging tools, the workpiece may be subjected to a further reduction in cross-section, which has the additional advantage of accurate guidance coaxial with the forging axis. A final finishing treatment results in a corresponding surface quality. The forging-related cross-sectional reduction of a workpiece and the final finishing enforces a workpiece axis coaxial to the forging axis, so that the workpiece during reduction forging and / or finishing for bending deformation can be supported centrally without additional measures.
Zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Schmiedeverfahrens kann von herkömmlichen Schmiedevorrichtungen mit einander bezüglich der Schmie- deachse paarweise gegenüberliegenden Schmiedewerkzeugen ausgegangen werden. Es muss lediglich dafür gesorgt werden, dass die Schmiedewerkzeuge im Bereich der Biegezone Formflächen aufweisen, die einen gegenüber der Schmiedeachse exzentrischen Formquerschnitt bilden. Werden für die Biegezone gesonderte Schmiedewerkzeuge eingesetzt, so kann die durch die Schmiedewerkzeuge angestrebte Querverlagerung des Werkstücks durch eine bezüglich der Schmiedeachse asymmetrische Anstellung der Schmiedewerk- zeuge sichergestellt werden. Um einen den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechenden Biegeverlauf zu erreichen, ist es jedoch vorteilhaft, die symmetrisch zur Schmiedeachse radial anstellbaren, einander gegenüberliegenden In order to carry out a forging method according to the invention, it is possible to start from conventional forging devices with forging tools lying opposite one another in pairs with respect to the forging axis. It only has to be ensured that the forging tools have shaping surfaces in the region of the bending zone, which form a shape eccentric with respect to the forging axis. If separate forging tools are used for the bending zone, the transverse displacement of the workpiece as a result of the forging tools can be determined by an asymmetrical adjustment of the forging machine with respect to the forging axis. be ensured. In order to achieve a bending curve corresponding to the respective requirements, however, it is advantageous to have the symmetrically opposite to the forging axis radially opposite one another
Schmiedewerkzeuge mit Formflächen zu versehen, die aufgrund eines unter- schiedlichen Abstands von der Schmiedeachse einen gegenüber der Schmiedeachse exzentrischen Querschnitt des Werkstücks und damit eine Werkstückquerverlagerung bedingen. Forging tools to be provided with molding surfaces that cause due to a different distance from the forging axis a relation to the forging axis eccentric cross section of the workpiece and thus a workpiece transverse displacement.
Solche von den einander paarweise gegenüberliegenden Schmiedewerkzeugen gebildete Formflächen mit unterschiedlichem Abstand von der Schmie- deachse sind für das erfindungsgemäße Ausbiegen des Werkstücks dann zwingend, wenn diese einen gegenüber der Schmiedeachse exzentrischen Formquerschnitt bildenden Formflächen zwischen ein- und auslaufseitigen Formflächen für einen zur Schmiedeachse koaxialen Formquerschnitt vorgesehen sind. Bei einer solchen Ausbildung der Schmiedewerkzeuge wird die zent- rische Abstützung des Werkstücks unmittelbar vor und nach der Biegezone durch die Schmiedewerkzeuge selbst gebildet, und zwar mit dem Vorteil, dass der Biegeverlauf für das Werkstück durchgehend vorgegeben werden kann. Such forming surfaces formed by the paired opposing forging tools with different distances from the forging axis are compulsory for bending out the workpiece according to the invention if they provide a forming surface which is eccentric relative to the forging axis between entry and exit side molding surfaces for a die cross section coaxial with the forge axis are. In such a design of the forging tools, the central support of the workpiece is formed immediately before and after the bending zone by the forging tools themselves, with the advantage that the bending curve for the workpiece can be specified throughout.
Bilden die einlaufseitigen Formflächen einen sich in Vorschubrichtung verjüngenden Formraum, so wird in herkömmlicher Art eine Querschnittsreduktion in Verbindung mit einer zusätzlichen Kornverfeinerung durch eine Auslenkung des Werkstücks quer zur Schmiedeachse erreicht. Auslaufseitig können die Formflächen ebenfalls für eine Querschnittsreduktion sorgen. Außerdem können die auslaufseitigen Formflächen der Schmiedewerkzeuge ein Schlichtwerkzeug bilden, um nach dem Schmiedevorgang ein Werkstück mit einer feinkörnigen Gefügestruktur und einer guten Oberflächenqualität zu erhalten. If the inlet-side shaping surfaces form a forming space that tapers in the feed direction, in a conventional manner a cross-sectional reduction in conjunction with additional grain refinement is achieved by a deflection of the workpiece transversely to the forging axis. On the outlet side, the molding surfaces can also provide for a cross-sectional reduction. In addition, the discharge side molding surfaces of the forging tools can form a sizing tool to obtain a workpiece having a fine-grained texture and a good surface quality after the forging process.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnung Short description of the drawing
Anhand der Zeichnung wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Schmieden von Werkstücke näher erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 zwei der vier zur Bildung eines Formhohlraums angestellten, einander paarweise gegenüberliegenden Schmiedewerkzeuge einer erfindungsgemäßen Schmiedevorrichtung in einer Ansicht auf die Formflächen, Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig. 1 , Reference to the drawing, the inventive method for the forging of workpieces is explained in detail. Show it 1 shows two of the four employed to form a mold cavity, each other in pairs opposed forging tools of a forging apparatus according to the invention in a view of the molding surfaces, Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 einen Schnitt nach der Linie III-III der Fig. 1 , 3 is a section along the line III-III of Fig. 1,
Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV der Fig. 1 , 4 is a section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 1,
Fig. 5 einen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V der Fig. 2 und Fig. 5 is a section along the line V-V of Fig. 2 and
Fig. 6 einen Schnitt nach der Linie Vl-Vl der Fig. 3. 6 is a section along the line Vl-Vl of Fig. 3rd
Weg zur Ausführung der Erfindung Von der in bekannter Weise aufgebauten Schmiedevorrichtung sind gemäß dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel lediglich die vier einander paarweise gegenüberliegenden, radial zu einer Schmiedeachse a beaufschlagbaren Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 , 2, 3, 4 in einer den Formraum für ein strichpunktiert angedeutetes, stabformiges Werkstück 5 bildenden Anstellung dargestellt. Die- se Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 , 2, 3, 4 bilden einlaufseitig Formflächen 6, die einen zur Schmiedeachse a koaxialen Formraum ergeben und aufgrund ihres in Vorschubrichtung 7 geneigten Verlaufs eine Querschnittsreduzierung bedingen. Auslaufseitig sind Formflächen 8 vorgesehen, die ebenfalls einen zur Schmiedeachse a koaxialen Formraum bestimmen und vorteilhaft für eine zusätzliche Querschnittsreduktion sorgen, was die zentrische Führung des Werkstücks 5 im Bereich der auslaufseitigen Formflächen 8 unterstützt. Die auslaufseitigen Formflächen können auch als Schlichtwerkzeug eingesetzt werden. According to the illustrated embodiment, only the four forging tools 1, 2, 3, 4 which are opposite one another in pairs and radially actable on a forging axis a are in a forging-shaped workpiece 5, indicated in phantom educative employment. These forging tools 1, 2, 3, 4 form forming surfaces 6 on the inlet side, which form a coaxial cavity to the forging axis a and due to their inclined in the feed direction 7 course cause a cross-sectional reduction. On the outlet side molding surfaces 8 are provided, which also determine a coaxial forging axis a mold space and advantageously provide for an additional reduction in cross-section, which supports the centric guidance of the workpiece 5 in the area of the outlet side molding surfaces 8. The outlet side mold surfaces can also be used as a finishing tool.
Zwischen den ein- und auslaufseitigen Formflächen 6, 8 bilden die Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 bis 4 Formflächen 9, die einen gegenüber der Schmiedeachse a exzentrischen Formquerschnitt des Werkstücks 5 bestimmen, wie dies insbesondere der Fig. 4 entnommen werden kann, in der die durch die Formflächen 9 bedingte Querverlagerung des Werkstücks 5 gegenüber der Schmiedeachse a erkennbar wird. Die Achse des Werkstückquerschnitts ist mit 10 bezeichnet und verläuft gegenüber der Schmiedeachse a versetzt, sodass das Werkstück 5 gegenüber den ein- und auslaufseitigen, durch die Formflächen 6 und 8 ge- bildeten, das Werkstück 5 koaxial zur Schmiedeachse a führenden AbStützungen 1 1 ausgebogen wird. Die Rückführung des Werkstücks 5 in eine zur Schmiedeachse a koaxiale Lage erfolgt über Übergangsflächen 12, wie dies insbesondere der Fig. 1 entnommen werden kann. Aufgrund des Vorsehens der eine Querverlagerung des Werkstückquerschnitts bedingenden Formflächen 9 wird somit durch die Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 , 2, 3, 4 eine Biegezone 13 geschaffen, in der das Werkstück 5 über den Querschnitt zusätzlichen Scherbeanspruchungen ausgesetzt wird, die für eine entsprechende Kornverfeinerung über den gesamten Querschnitt des Werkstücks 5 sorgen, das ja zwischen den Eingriffen der Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 bis 4 einem Vorschub unter gleichzeitiger Drehung unterliegt. Die schmiedebedingte Werkstückauslenkung quer zur Schmiedeachse a wird insbesondere in den Fig. 1 , 5 und 6 deutlich. In den Fig. 5 und 6 ist aus Übersichtlichkeitsgründen das jeweils zwischen den geschnittenen Schmiedewerkzeugen 3 und 2 bzw. 1 und 4 lie- gende Schmiedewerkzeug 1 bzw. 2 weggelassen. Between the inlet and outlet side mold surfaces 6, 8 form the forging tools 1 to 4 forming surfaces 9, which determine a relation to the forging axis a eccentric shape cross section of the workpiece 5, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 4, in which the through the mold surfaces. 9 Conditional transverse displacement of the workpiece 5 relative to the forging axis a is recognizable. The axis of the workpiece cross-section is denoted by 10 and extends offset relative to the forging axis a, so that the workpiece 5 is opposite the inlet and outlet side, by the forming surfaces 6 and 8 formed, the workpiece 5 coaxial with the forging axis a leading Abstützungen 1 1 is bent. The return of the workpiece 5 in a position coaxial with the forging axis a via transition surfaces 12, as shown in particular in FIG. 1 can be removed. Due to the provision of a transverse displacement of the workpiece cross-section conditional molding surfaces 9 thus a bending zone 13 is created by the forging tools 1, 2, 3, 4, in which the workpiece 5 is exposed over the cross section additional shear stresses for a corresponding grain refinement over the entire cross-section of the workpiece 5, which is subject to a feed with simultaneous rotation between the interventions of the forging tools 1 to 4. The forging-related work piece deflection transversely to the forging axis a becomes clear in particular in FIGS. 1, 5 and 6. For reasons of clarity, the forging tools 1 and 2 respectively lying between the cut forging tools 3 and 2 or 1 and 4 are omitted in FIGS. 5 and 6.
Die Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. So kann die erfindungsgemäße Kornverfeinerung auch bei Werkstücken mit rechtwinkeligem Querschnitt eingesetzt werden. In diesem Fall entfällt die Werkstückdrehung während der Vorschubschritte. Obwohl es von Vorteil ist, den gesamten Verformungsvorgang durch die einander paarweise gegenüberliegenden Schmiedewerkzeuge 1 bis 4 sicherzustellen, ist die Erfindung nicht auf diese Ausführungsform beschränkt. So könnten die durch die Formflächen 6 und 8 gebildeten AbStützungen 1 1 den Schmiedewerkzeugen vor- und nachgelagert werden, sodass den Schmiedewerkzeugen lediglich die Aufgabe zukommt, eine Biegezone 13 für das Werkstück 5 zu bilden, wofür an sich nur zwei einander gegenüberliegende Schmiedewerkzeuge erforderlich sind. Die AbStützungen 1 1 könnten durch vor- und nachgelagerte Schmiedewerkzeuge gebildet werden, was jedoch nicht zwingend ist, weil die AbStützungen 1 1 für die zentrische Führung des Werkstücks 5 koaxial zur Schmiedeach- se a nicht in Form von Schmiedewerkzeugen ausgeführt sein müssen. Außerdem wäre es möglich, drei zentrische AbStützungen 1 1 für das Werkstück 5 vorzusehen, um zwischen diesen AbStützungen je eine Biegezone 13 anordnen zu können, sodass das Werkstück 5 zwei Mal nacheinander ausgebogen wird. The invention is of course not limited to the illustrated embodiment. Thus, the grain refinement according to the invention can also be used for workpieces with a rectangular cross section. In this case, the workpiece rotation is eliminated during the feed steps. Although it is advantageous to ensure the entire deformation process by the paired opposed forging tools 1 to 4, the invention is not limited to this embodiment. For example, the supports 1 1 formed by the forming surfaces 6 and 8 could be moved upstream and downstream of the forging tools, so that the forging tools only have the task of forming a bending zone 13 for the workpiece 5, for which only two opposing forging tools are required. The supports 1 1 could be formed by upstream and downstream forging tools, but this is not mandatory, because the supports 1 1 for the centric guidance of the workpiece 5 coaxial with the forging axis a need not be designed in the form of forging tools. In addition, it would be possible to provide three centric supports 1 1 for the workpiece 5 in order to be able to arrange a bending zone 13 between these supports, so that the workpiece 5 is bent twice in succession.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Verfahren zum Schmieden eines stabförmigen Werkstücks (5), das mit Hilfe von Schmiedewerkzeugen (1 , 2, 3, 4) im Sinne einer zur Schmiedeachse (a) senkrechten Querschnittsverlagerung verformt und in den Eingriffspausen der Schmiedewerkzeuge (1 , 2, 3, 4) einem axialen Vorschub und gegebenenfalls einer Drehung um die Schmiedeachse (a) unterworfen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück (5) in einer Biegezone (13) zwischen zwei zentrischen AbStützungen (1 1 ) durch die radial zur Schmiedeachse (a) auf das Werkstück (5) einwirkenden Schmiedewerkzeuge (1 , 2, 3, 4) im Sinne der zur Schmiedeachse (a) senkrechten Querschnittsverlagerung verformt wird. 1 . Method for forging a rod-shaped workpiece (5), which is deformed with the aid of forging tools (1, 2, 3, 4) in the sense of a cross-section displacement perpendicular to the forging axis (a) and in the engagement breaks of the forging tools (1, 2, 3, 4) an axial feed and optionally a rotation about the forging axis (a) is subjected, characterized in that the workpiece (5) in a bending zone (13) between two central Abstützungen (1 1) through the radial to the forging axis (a) on the workpiece (5) acting forging tools (1, 2, 3, 4) in the sense of the forging axis (a) vertical cross-sectional displacement is deformed.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück (5) in Vorschubrichtung (7) vor der Biegezone (13) einer Schmiedereduktion unterworfen wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece (5) in the feed direction (7) before the bending zone (13) is subjected to a forging reduction.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück (5) in Vorschubrichtung (7) nach der Biegezone (13) einer Querschnittsreduktion und/oder einem Schlichtvorgang unterworfen wird. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the workpiece (5) in the feed direction (7) after the bending zone (13) is subjected to a cross-sectional reduction and / or a sizing process.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück (5) beim Reduktionsschmieden und/oder beim Schlichten für die Biegeverformung zentrisch abgestützt wird. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the workpiece (5) is centrally supported during reduction forging and / or finishing for the bending deformation.
5. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum Schmieden eines Werkstücks (5) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 mit einander bezüglich der Schmiedeachse (a) paarweise gegenüberliegenden Schmiedewerkzeugen (1 , 2, 3, 4), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmiedewerkzeuge (1 , 2, 3, 4) Formflächen (9) aufweisen, die einen gegenüber der Schmiedeachse (a) ex- zentrischen Formquerschnitt bilden. 5. A device for carrying out a method for forging a workpiece (5) according to one of claims 1 to 4 with respect to the forging axis (a) in pairs opposed forging tools (1, 2, 3, 4), characterized in that the forging tools (1 , 2, 3, 4) have shaping surfaces (9) which form a cross-section of the extrusion that is eccentric with respect to the forging axis (a).
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einen gegenüber der Schmiedeachse (a) exzentrischen Formquerschnitt bildenden Formflächen (9) zwischen ein- und auslaufseitigen Formflächen (6, 8) für einen zur Schmiedeachse (a) koaxialen Formquerschnitt vorgesehen sind. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the one with respect to the forging axis (a) eccentric shape cross-section forming mold surfaces (9) between inlet and outlet side mold surfaces (6, 8) for a forging axis (a) coaxial mold cross-section are provided.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ein- laufseitigen Formflächen (6) einen sich in Vorschubrichtung (7) verjüngenden Formraum bilden. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the inlet-side molding surfaces (6) form a in the feed direction (7) tapered mold space.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die auslaufseitigen Formflächen (8) einen sich in Vorschubrichtung (7) verjüngen- den Formraum und/oder ein Schlichtwerkzeug bilden. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the outlet-side molding surfaces (8) in the feed direction (7) tapered form the mold space and / or a sizing tool.
EP15825907.7A 2014-12-16 2015-12-15 Method and device for forging a workpiece in bar form Active EP3233326B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ATA50911/2014A AT516506B1 (en) 2014-12-16 2014-12-16 Method and apparatus for forging a rod-shaped workpiece
PCT/AT2015/050317 WO2016094919A1 (en) 2014-12-16 2015-12-15 Method and device for forging a workpiece in bar form

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CN109604494B (en) * 2019-01-15 2023-06-27 苏州市东盛锻造有限公司 Forging method of ultra-large sheep head forging
DE102021131279A1 (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-06-01 Aesculap Ag Medical clip, forming tool, forming machine and method of making a medical clip

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AT307203B (en) 1971-08-04 1973-05-10 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Round forging tool for forging machines with two hammers striking against each other
US4276764A (en) * 1979-07-17 1981-07-07 Kozhevnikov Vladislav A Die set for sizing sections
SU925503A1 (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-05-07 Предприятие П/Я Г-4781 Ingot forging method
US4982596A (en) * 1990-01-26 1991-01-08 Buell Industries, Inc. Die for manufacturing a fastener blank
RU2047415C1 (en) * 1992-07-15 1995-11-10 Жасулан Аманжолович Ашкеев Forging manufacturing method
KR100345290B1 (en) 2000-01-28 2002-07-25 한국과학기술연구원 Continuous shear deformation device
RU2406588C2 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-12-20 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Тяжпрессмаш" Method of forging in four-hammer forging device
DE102009050543B3 (en) * 2009-10-23 2011-05-26 Peter Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Groche Method and device for producing fine-grained, polycrystalline materials or workpieces from elongated or tubular semi-finished products

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AT516506B1 (en) 2016-06-15
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AT516506A4 (en) 2016-06-15
US20170320125A1 (en) 2017-11-09
EP3233326B1 (en) 2019-10-09

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