EP3231038A1 - Method for manufacturing a dielectric part with meshes forming a three-dimensional solid lattice and dielectric part thus manufactured - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a dielectric part with meshes forming a three-dimensional solid lattice and dielectric part thus manufacturedInfo
- Publication number
- EP3231038A1 EP3231038A1 EP15817487.0A EP15817487A EP3231038A1 EP 3231038 A1 EP3231038 A1 EP 3231038A1 EP 15817487 A EP15817487 A EP 15817487A EP 3231038 A1 EP3231038 A1 EP 3231038A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dielectric
- dimensional
- solid
- meshes
- mesh
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a solid dielectric part having at least one determined tensor [ ⁇ ⁇ ], [ ⁇ ⁇ ] of at least one relative electromagnetic constant ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , by interleaving several dielectric materials of which at least one is in the solid state. It extends to a solid dielectric part thus manufactured.
- dielectric substrates having electromagnetic characteristics determined so that the dielectric substrate itself presents a certain electrical and / or magnetic response to an electric and / or magnetic field.
- the chemical or sol gel methods do not make it possible to precisely control the nesting structure of the materials, and therefore the effective value of an electromagnetic constant and its gradient and / or its anisotropy within the dielectric part.
- they do not make it possible to obtain values of an electromagnetic constant distributed according to a determined tensor.
- the results obtained are most often highly dispersed, the accuracy of the effective value of the electromagnetic constant can only be guaranteed with a precision which is at best of the order of 10%. This weak reliability precludes their use in areas in which manufacturing processes and / or dielectric parts must be certified, for example in the space or aeronautical industry.
- the inventor has determined that it may be advantageous, at least in certain applications, to incorporate and / or circulate at least one dielectric material in the fluid state (i.e., liquid and or gaseous) in such a dielectric part.
- the fluid state i.e., liquid and or gaseous
- the incorporation and / or the circulation of a heat transfer fluid within the room can allow an effective and precise thermal control. Nevertheless, such incorporation requires simultaneous flexibility in the geometry and dimensions of the nesting structure, and a very high degree of accuracy in its practical realization.
- the invention therefore aims to overcome these disadvantages.
- it aims to propose a method for manufacturing a dielectric part allowing precise control of the value of at least one relative electromagnetic constant at any point in the dielectric part, and in particular with gradients and / or anisotropies of this value, that is to say a tensor distribution of values of this electromagnetic constant in the volume of the dielectric piece.
- It also aims at proposing a method for manufacturing a dielectric part that makes it possible to obtain an incorporation-in particular a uniform incorporation-and / or a circulation in said part of at least one dielectric material in the fluid state that can be chosen from many liquid and / or gaseous compositions (including space vacuum).
- any polyhedral that is to say having flat faces or at least some of the faces may be left
- geometric pattern and / or polygonal that is to say having sides or edges that are line segments or at least part of the sides or edges of which may be curved
- peripheral meshes meshes located on the periphery of a dielectric part
- curved polyhedral mesh mesh having the shape of a curved polyhedron, that is to say having at least one left face and / or at least one curved edge,
- any solid portion of the network it may be as well a full face or openwork, or a more or less thick edge.
- the invention therefore relates to a method for manufacturing a dielectric part in which a plurality of dielectric materials is imbricated, at least one of which is in the solid state, said dielectric materials having at least one relative electromagnetic constant ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ of different values,
- said nesting is carried out by choosing: a nesting structure of said dielectric materials formed of a three-dimensional solid network consisting of a repetition in all directions of the space -especially in three orthogonal directions of the mesh space of at least one, to the solid state, said dielectric materials,
- a max ⁇ . ⁇ 0 , where a is a real number less than 10, in particular less than 1, in particular less than 0.1-, and ⁇ 0 is a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation to which the dielectric part is to be adapted,
- the dielectric part is manufactured by three-dimensional printing of the three-dimensional solid network
- the dielectric part has at least one determined tensor [ ⁇ ⁇ ], [ ⁇ ⁇ ] of at least one relative electromagnetic constant ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ .
- the invention also extends to a dielectric part obtained by a method according to the invention.
- a dielectric part according to the invention is intended to be used in radiation of wavelength ⁇ 0 .
- the invention therefore relates to a dielectric part comprising an interweaving of several dielectric materials, at least one of which is in the solid state, and having at least one relative electromagnetic constant ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ of different values,
- the invention also extends to a method of manufacturing a dielectric part according to the invention.
- the nesting structure is a three-dimensional meshed solid network, that is to say a three-dimensional tiling of space by said meshes, and presents, as in a crystalline solid lattice, in any direction of space, that is to say in each of three orthogonal directions x, y, z of any orthogonal reference fixed with respect to said piece, a repetition of several meshes adjacent.
- the part according to the invention has a number of adjacent meshes greater than 1.
- a dielectric part having at least one determined tensor [ ⁇ ⁇ ], [ ⁇ ⁇ ] of at least one relative electromagnetic constant ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , whose value at any point of the part, in particular in any mesh of the three-dimensional solid network, can be chosen and precisely controlled, including having at least one gradient and / or anisotropy.
- this dielectric part other characteristics, in particular characteristics chosen from the group of mechanical characteristics, thermal characteristics, optical characteristics, and fluidic characteristics (incorporation and / or or circulation of at least one fluid within the room).
- the inventor has indeed determined that with such a three-dimensional solid network, there are many different nesting structures having all the same electromagnetic properties, that is to say at least one same tensor [ ⁇ ⁇ ], [ ⁇ ⁇ ], or even tensors [s r ] of dielectric permittivity and [ ⁇ ⁇ ] of identical magnetic permeability, and that it is possible to selecting and dimensioning a nesting structure according to said other desired characteristics for the part according to the invention.
- a method according to the invention has the following successive steps:
- each dielectric material having a known value s ri , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ d at least one relative electromagnetic constant, the known values s ri , ⁇ being different for the different dielectric materials and chosen so as to be able to obtain each value of each tensor [ ⁇ ⁇ ], [ ⁇ ⁇ ] of said at least one electromagnetic constant relative ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ by interleaving the different dielectric materials,
- the dielectric piece is then produced by three-dimensional printing of this three-dimensional solid network.
- a fluid can then be incorporated in said three-dimensional solid network.
- at least one of the dielectric materials in the fluid state is selected.
- the three-dimensional solid network incorporates each dielectric material in the fluid state in its mesh.
- the three-dimensional solid lattice and the dielectric materials are chosen to allow the incorporation of each fluid dielectric material in the meshes of the three-dimensional solid lattice. This incorporation can be performed during three-dimensional printing and / or in a subsequent step of incorporation.
- At least one of the dielectric materials in the fluid state is chosen, and a three-dimensional solid network having at least one open mesh in at least two different directions forming between them a non-zero angle other than 180 °.
- a nonlinear fluid circuit (s) can be created within the dielectric piece. It has been found that providing openings of the meshes of a three-dimensional solid network in at least two distinct non-collinear directions of the space makes it possible to organize a circulation of fluid within at least part of this network. three-dimensional solid. Such a circulation makes it possible to incorporate one or more fluid (s) within at least a part of the three-dimensional solid network, in a uniform manner, for the manufacture of the dielectric piece.
- At least one of the dielectric materials in the fluid state is selected, and a three-dimensional solid network of which all the non-peripheral meshes are open in at least two different directions of the space forming between them a non-zero angle different from 180 °.
- only part of the non-peripheral cells of said solid network three-dimensional is open in at least two different non-collinear directions of space (forming between them a non-zero angle different from 180 °).
- An open face is polygonal in the sense defined above.
- a three-dimensional solid network is chosen in which all the non-peripheral meshes have the same geometrical pattern, or even are identical (same geometric pattern and same dimensions), corresponding to an elementary mesh of the network.
- This elementary mesh is itself three-dimensional, that is to say is repeated by homothetic translation of ratio equal or not to 1 in each of the three dimensions of space, that is to say in any direction of the space, therefore in each of the three directions of any fixed orthogonal reference relative to the room.
- the three-dimensional solid network (and the part according to the invention) thus results from a three-dimensional tiling of the space from an elementary cell, which is therefore chosen from the group of elementary cells able to generate a three-dimensional tiling of the space. 'space.
- the non-peripheral meshes of said three-dimensional solid network are not all identical, or do not all have the same geometric pattern.
- the network may be formed of a plurality of juxtaposed subnetworks each formed of non-peripheral meshes of the same geometric pattern.
- a three-dimensional solid network is selected from the group consisting of arrays having mesh having solid walls arranged and included in straight polyhedral mesh faces and gratings having integrated solid walls included. in curved polyhedral mesh faces.
- said three-dimensional solid network is chosen from the group consisting of hexahedral-especially parallelepipedic, in particular cubic-regular open-face mesh networks.
- hexahedral meshes - particularly parallelepipedic in particular cubic- regular ones having certain closed faces
- hexahedral - especially parallelepipedic in particular cubic - irregularly open-faced meshes - hexahedral meshes - particularly parallelepipedic, in particular cubic - irregular meshes having certain closed faces
- mesh lattices regular open-face octahedrons regular octahedral lattices with some closed faces
- the three-dimensional solid network comprises at least one open mesh in at least three different non-collinear directions-in particular three directions orthogonal to each other.
- each open mesh of said three-dimensional solid network is open in at least three different non-collinear directions-notably three orthogonal directions between they-. In this way at least one fluid can flow in these three directions through and / or within the room.
- a three-dimensional solid network is chosen from the group formed of gratings having meshes having openings in each of the polyhedral mesh faces.
- each opening of each face of a polyhedral mesh of the three-dimensional solid network has an area greater than the total area of the face that incorporates it.
- the solid walls are sized to meet the minimum mechanical characteristics desired for the part.
- the nesting structure thus comprises a three-dimensional solid network of a solid dielectric material capable of being printed by three-dimensional printing, the meshes of which incorporate air cells and are open in at least two distinct directions - in particular in three orthogonal directions and / or on each of the faces of these meshes-. None prevents of course to provide other dielectric materials, alternatively or in combination.
- At least one of said solid state dielectric materials is selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, fluorides. silicides, titanates, sulfides, synthetic polymers and mixtures thereof. None prevents of course to provide other dielectric materials, alternatively or in combination.
- a three-dimensional printing chosen from the group consisting of the additive manufacturing (AM), the manufacturing Layer Additive (ALM), Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Hot Sintering (SHS), Molten Deposition Modeling (FDM or DIW), Multiple Jet Modeling (MJM), stereolithography (SLA), laminated object manufacturing (LOM) and film transfer imaging (FTI).
- AM additive manufacturing
- ALM manufacturing Layer Additive
- SLM Selective Laser Melting
- SHS Selective Laser Sintering
- SHS Hot Sintering
- FDM or DIW Molten Deposition Modeling
- MJM Multiple Jet Modeling
- SLA stereolithography
- LOM laminated object manufacturing
- FI film transfer imaging
- said nesting structure is arranged such that each homogeneous zone of one of said dielectric materials has in any direction of space a maximum dimension of less than a given value.
- a max ⁇ . ⁇ 0 , where a is a real number less than 10-in particular less than 1, in particular less than 0.1-, and ⁇ 0 is the wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation to which a dielectric part according to the invention is adapted.
- the dielectric piece has a dimension in any direction of space that is greater than this value a max .
- n is the index of a medium in which the dielectric piece is intended to be used
- C is the speed of light in a vacuum
- a max is between 50 ⁇ and 50 cm.
- a nesting structure of the dielectric materials is chosen according to a three-dimensional solid network:
- the invention makes it possible to obtain a dielectric part having an effective relative dielectric permittivity tensor [s r ] and / or an effective relative magnetic permeability tensor [ ⁇ ⁇ ] which can be determined (s) and whose other characteristics, in particular characteristics selected from the group of mechanical characteristics, thermal characteristics, optical characteristics, and fluidic characteristics (incorporation and / or circulation of at least one fluid within the part) may also be precisely controlled and chosen.
- the invention makes it possible in particular to obtain a dielectric part incorporating at least one dielectric fluid in precisely controlled manner, which can be uniform in at least a part of the part, forming a circulation circuit and / or enclosure of each dielectric fluid. , all in.
- a dielectric part according to the invention may furthermore have peripheral walls which are completely closed and hermetic to each fluid dielectric material which it contains; or on the contrary have peripheral walls at least partially open allowing the circulation of at least one fluid dielectric material through the dielectric part; even have completely open peripheral walls.
- Each dielectric material in the fluid state may be incorporated within the three-dimensional solid network, in particular by suction, injection (in particular vacuum injection), pumping, etc.
- the invention also makes it possible in particular to precisely control the mechanical characteristics and / or the thermal characteristics and / or the optical characteristics and / or the dielectric characteristics and / or the magnetic characteristics of a dielectric part.
- the mechanical characteristics are determined by those of the three-dimensional solid network and the choice of each solid dielectric material.
- the thermal characteristics are determined by that of each of the dielectric materials constituting the dielectric part according to the invention, and in particular by a suitable choice of at least one dielectric material in the fluid state.
- the optical characteristics are determined by the choice of the optical properties of each of the dielectric materials constituting the part according to the invention.
- the effective dielectric characteristics are determined by the choice of the dielectric characteristics of each of the dielectric materials constituting the part according to the invention, and by the choice of the nesting structure of these dielectric materials.
- Maxwell Garnett's theory of effective heterogeneous materials does not provide a reliable estimate of the relative dielectric permittivity tensor. effective, if the conditions of application of this theory are not satisfied.
- other evaluation techniques can be used, such as for example that described in "Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials", D. R. Smith et al., Phys. Rev. E 71, 036617, 2005.
- the effective magnetic characteristics are determined by the choice of the magnetic permeability of each of the dielectric materials constituting the part according to the invention, by the choice of the nesting structure of these dielectric materials.
- a dielectric part according to the invention can serve as an emitter and / or receiver of an electromagnetic and / or electric and / or magnetic field. It may especially be advantageously used in the microwave domain (frequencies greater than 100 MHz, in particular between 1 GHz and 10 GHz), for example (non-limiting list) as:
- the invention also relates to a manufacturing method and a dielectric part and its applications characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the main steps of a method according to the invention
- FIGS. 2 to 10 are perspective diagrams illustrating various examples of elementary mesh of a three-dimensional solid network of a dielectric part according to the invention
- FIGS. 11 to 15 are perspective diagrams illustrating various embodiments of three-dimensional solid networks of a dielectric part according to the invention.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrams of face and respectively of an example of a dielectric piece according to the invention in general disc form.
- At least one desired value of at least one relative electromagnetic constant is chosen for a dielectric part to be manufactured, and at least one frequency f 0 and / or or at least one wavelength ⁇ 0 of electromagnetic radiation to which the dielectric piece is to be adapted.
- At each point M (x, y, z) of the volume of the dielectric part at least one desired value of relative dielectric permittivity ⁇ ⁇ (x, y, z) and / or relative magnetic permeability ⁇ ⁇ (x, y, z) ) can be chosen clean at this point.
- a relative dielectric permittivity gradient s r (x, y, z) and / or relative magnetic permeability ⁇ ⁇ (x, y, z) can thus be defined.
- the dielectric piece may exhibit anisotropy for at least one relative electromagnetic constant.
- at least one desired value of at least one relative electromagnetic constant may also be dependent on a direction of propagation and / or incidence of electromagnetic radiation, so that at least one vector R (x, y, z), / i r (x, y, z) can be defined for at least one relative electromagnetic constant at this point M.
- the values of the components of this vector can be constant for all points of the volume of the dielectric piece, or on the contrary vary in the volume of the dielectric piece by forming a gradient for the corresponding relative electromagnetic constant.
- the electromagnetic and / or electrical and / or magnetic radiation or field to which the dielectric piece is to be adapted is microwave, that is to say has a frequency greater than 100 MHz.
- At least one dielectric material is selected in the solid state and at least one dielectric material in the fluid state (gaseous and / or liquid) constituting the dielectric part to be manufactured.
- Each dielectric material has a known value s ri , ⁇ of the relative electromagnetic constant (s), the known values s ri , ⁇ being different for the different dielectric materials and chosen so as to be able to obtain each desired value-especially each spatial distribution tensor of said at least one relative electromagnetic constant-by interleaving the different dielectric materials.
- each relative electromagnetic constant whose effective value is to be monitored at any point in the dielectric part at least one first dielectric material having a known value of this relative electromagnetic constant less than each desired value for this relative electromagnetic constant, and at least one second dielectric material having a known value of this relative electromagnetic constant greater than each desired value for this relative electromagnetic constant.
- a dielectric material in the fluid state is chosen as the first dielectric material (that is to say of known value less than each desired value), and a dielectric material in the solid state. as the second dielectric material (that is to say of known value greater than each desired value).
- each solid state dielectric material is selected so that it can be printed by three-dimensional printing in a three-dimensional solid lattice made of mesh of said solid state dielectric material.
- Such a network formed of polyhedral and / or polygonal meshes (in the above-mentioned sense) printed by three-dimensional printing makes it possible to control very precisely and very finely the effective value of at least one of each relative electromagnetic constant at any point in time. the dielectric piece and in any direction.
- each solid-state dielectric material is chosen so that it can be printed by three-dimensional printing in a three-dimensional solid network having open meshes in at least two different non-collinear directions, that is to say forming between they have a non-zero angle other than 180 °. In this way a fluid flow (in open or closed circuit) can be obtained within the dielectric part.
- At least one of said solid state dielectric materials is selected from the group consisting of inorganic ceramics (group of metal oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, fluorides, silicides, titanates, sulphides and their mixtures), and synthetic polymers (in particular chosen from the group of thermoplastics (for example in the group of polyfluorocarbons such as PTFE, polyamides, FEP (perfluoroethylene propylene), PFA ( perfluoroalkoxy), polyolefins such as polyethylenes, PPO ® (polyphenylene oxide), hydrocarbon resins, photopolymers), and mixtures thereof, and advantageously and according to the invention, at least one said dielectric materials in the fluid state is atmospheric air.
- inorganic ceramics group of metal oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, fluorides, silicides, titanates, sulphides and their mixtures
- synthetic polymers in particular chosen from the group of thermoplastics (for example in the
- a dielectric member according to the invention may be manufactured to have a completely hermetic peripheral outer envelope enclosing each dielectric material in a fluid state which remains embedded within the dielectric piece without being able to escape it.
- a gaseous and / or liquid composition is for example selected from the group of heat transfer fluids, conductive liquids, electrolytes, liquid crystals, atmospheric gases and ionized gases.
- a dielectric member according to the invention may be manufactured to have peripheral through-openings for at least one gaseous and / or liquid composition capable of circulating at least partially inside the dielectric piece to through the solid three-dimensional network formed by each dielectric material in the solid state.
- the three-dimensional solid network may be of the type forming open meshes at the periphery of the dielectric part, this three-dimensional solid network being placed in a gaseous and / or liquid composition volume filling the interior of this three-dimensional solid network.
- said volume of gaseous and / or liquid composition is the atmospheric environment prevailing around the dielectric part, for example the terrestrial atmosphere or the space vacuum.
- At least one dielectric material in the fluid state is a composition in the liquid state, especially selected from the group consisting of aqueous compositions, hydroalcoholic compositions, oils, solvents, and liquid crystals.
- at least one dielectric material in the fluid state is a composition in the gaseous state, in particular chosen from the group consisting of atmospheric gases and ionized gases (plasmas).
- a third step 13 the characteristics of the nesting structure of the different dielectric materials are determined in order to obtain each desired value of at least one relative electromagnetic constant, that is to say in particular the proportions of the different dielectric materials. constituting the dielectric part to be used to obtain each desired value of at least one relative electromagnetic constant.
- a theory known in itself such as the theory of heterogeneous effective media, for example the theory of Maxwell Garnett (see for example http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_medium_approximations ), or any other theory that may be applicable to the case.
- a maximum dimension a max of each homogeneous zone of each dielectric material in any direction of space is also determined, according to the value of the wavelength ⁇ 0 and / or the value frequency. predetermined average f 0 ,
- a is a real number less than 10-especially less than 1, in particular less than 0.1-
- n is the index of a medium in which the dielectric piece is intended to be used
- C is the speed of light in the void.
- a max is between 50 ⁇ and 50 cm.
- the fourth step 14 one chooses additional mechanical characteristics and / or thermal characteristics and / or optical characteristics desired for the dielectric part to be manufactured, taking into account nevertheless the mechanical and / or thermal and / or optical properties of the dielectric materials. previously selected.
- a nesting structure which on the one hand corresponds to the predetermined proportions and maximum dimension a m ax, and on the other hand makes it possible to obtain the mechanical characteristics and / or thermal and / or optical previously chosen.
- the geometry and the topology of said three-dimensional solid network are selected. This selection can be performed using computer-aided design software for simulating said mechanical and / or thermal and / or optical characteristics.
- said three-dimensional solid network is chosen from the group consisting of hexahedral-especially parallelepipedic, in particular cubic-open-faced mesh networks, hexahedral-especially parallelepipedic, in particular cubic-regular mesh networks having certain closed faces, hexahedral-especially parallelepipedic, especially cubic-open-faced mesh networks, hexahedral-especially parallelepipedic, in particular cubic-irregular mesh networks having certain closed faces, open-face regular tetrahedral mesh networks, lattice-type networks; regular tetrahedral meshes with certain closed faces, open-face irregular tetrahedral meshes, irregular tetrahedral meshes with some closed faces, regular octahedral latticed lattices are open, networks with regular octahedral meshes having some closed faces, Open-faced irregular octahedral lattice lattices are
- the three-dimensional solid network comprises at least one open mesh in at least three different directions-in particular three directions orthogonal to each other.
- each open mesh of said three-dimensional solid network is open in at least three different directions-in particular three directions orthogonal to each other. In this way at least one fluid can flow in these three directions through and / or within the room.
- the dielectric piece thus determined is produced by three-dimensional printing.
- any three-dimensional printing technology may be considered, depending on the nature of the selected dielectric materials and the three-dimensional solid network.
- a three-dimensional printing chosen from the group (non-limiting list) formed by additive manufacturing (AM), additive layered manufacturing (ALM), selective laser melting (SLM), selective laser sintering ( SLS), hot-selective sintering (SHS), melt-deposition modeling (FDM or DIW), multi-jet modeling (MJM), stereolithography (SLA), laminated object manufacturing (LOM) and film transfer imaging (FTI).
- an optional seventh step 17 it is possible to incorporate at least one dielectric material in the fluid state within the three-dimensional solid network, for example by suction or injection under pressure. It is also possible, depending on the application, to hermetically close all or part of the periphery of the dielectric part by a hermetic envelope, for example by a coating of a hermetic curable composition applied at the periphery of the three-dimensional solid network, in particular by dipping or surface deposit, then subject to a hardening step.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a hexahedral elemental mesh that can be used to form a uniform three-dimensional solid network by repeating this elemental mesh formed of a solid dielectric material.
- the elementary mesh 20 is, in the example, a parallelepiped whose six faces have rectangular openings, the opposite faces having openings of identical dimensions and the adjacent faces having openings whose dimensions along the common edges are also identical.
- This parallelepipedal elemental mesh 20 has a height al, a length a2 and a width a3.
- the opening of longitudinal vertical faces 21 has a height bl and a length b2.
- the opening of the lateral vertical faces 22 has a width b3 and a height b4.
- the opening of the longitudinal longitudinal faces 23 has a width b5 and a length b6.
- FIG. 12 is another example of a three-dimensional solid network, which differs from the previous one in that the elementary cell is shifted by a / 2 between two adjacent XY planes of mesh of the network.
- FIG. 3 shows another example of hexahedral (cubic) elementary mesh with truncated angles.
- FIG. 4 represents another example of elementary mesh 40 similar to FIG. 3 inscribed in a cube but in which the faces of the cube have median ridges crossed at their center.
- FIG. 5 represents another example of elementary mesh 50 inscribed in a cube whose faces have median edges intersecting at their center and angles 54 truncated to the midpoints of the principal edges of the faces of the cube circumscribed at the mesh 50, these angled corners 54 being formed of solid walls.
- FIG. 6 represents another example of elementary mesh 60 inscribed in a cube whose faces have two concentric circular edges 66, 67 connected by four median edges 65 forming rays.
- Figure 7 shows a tetrahedral elemental mesh 70.
- Figure 8 shows an octahedral elemental mesh 80.
- Figure 9 shows a dodecahedral elemental mesh 90.
- Figure 10 shows an icosahedral elemental mesh 100.
- the nesting structures thus formed can be manufactured by three-dimensional printing.
- the dielectric parts obtained are formed of a three-dimensional solid network whose elementary meshes have open faces in at least two distinct non-collinear directions, which notably allows a flow of fluid inside the dielectric part.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 show an example of a dielectric part according to the invention in the general form of a disk formed of a network of type of that shown in FIG. 13, the direction X of FIG. 13 being orthogonal to the main face 110 of the disc, the disc comprising three layers 111 of identical meshes with open rectangular faces, and therefore four stages 112 of rectangular faces oriented in the directions Y, Z of Figure 13.
- the part comprises at each stage 112 of faces oriented in the Y, Z directions, a peripheral circular edge 113 to which the edges of the peripheral meshes are connected.
- the working frequency f 0 is equal to 4GHz.
- a manufacturing method according to the invention can be subject to many variants.
- a dielectric part according to the invention can serve as a transmitter and / or receiver of an electromagnetic and / or electric and / or magnetic field and can also be the subject of many different embodiments and various applications. It can in particular advantageously be used in the field of microwaves (frequencies greater than 100 MHz, in particular between 1 GHz and 10 GHz), for example (non-limiting list) as: substrate (this term also encompasses the so-called "superstrate” covering substrates) of an antenna,
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1462076A FR3029695B1 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2014-12-08 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A DIELECTRIC DEVICE WITH MESHS FORMING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SOLID NETWORK AND DIELECTRIC PART THUS MANUFACTURED |
PCT/FR2015/053361 WO2016092191A1 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2015-12-07 | Method for manufacturing a dielectric part with meshes forming a three-dimensional solid lattice and dielectric part thus manufactured |
Publications (2)
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EP3231038A1 true EP3231038A1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
EP3231038B1 EP3231038B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
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EP (1) | EP3231038B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3231038T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2784328T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3029695B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016092191A1 (en) |
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US10832753B2 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2020-11-10 | General Electric Company | Components including structures having decoupled load paths |
CN107716855B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2020-08-11 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Forming method for sand mold self-adaptive gradient printing |
FR3092205B1 (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2022-03-25 | Anywaves | Process for manufacturing a mesh dielectric part forming a three-dimensional solid network by adding material |
FR3092201B1 (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2022-02-11 | Anywaves | Method for manufacturing a radio frequency device comprising a solid three-dimensional network of dielectric meshes |
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CN102480012B (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2013-02-13 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Metamaterial dielectric substrate and processing method thereof |
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2014
- 2014-12-08 FR FR1462076A patent/FR3029695B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2015-12-07 DK DK15817487.0T patent/DK3231038T3/en active
- 2015-12-07 ES ES15817487T patent/ES2784328T3/en active Active
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EP3231038B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
ES2784328T3 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
DK3231038T3 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
FR3029695B1 (en) | 2017-12-08 |
FR3029695A1 (en) | 2016-06-10 |
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