EP3224416B1 - Method and device for compacting the ballast bed of a track - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a method for controlling the lifting and straightening unit of a track-traveling switch tamping machine for compacting the ballast bedding of a track, in particular in the area of a switch, with a tamping unit, with a lifting and straightening unit that includes a roller tong, a roller tong locking cylinder with a closing path sensor, a lifting cylinder the lifting force, a hook depth cylinder with depth sensor for a lifting hook and a guide-straightening wheel for guiding the lifting-straightening unit along a rail, the position of switch components, such as switch drive boxes, rails and frogs, during the advance of the switch tamping machine with the help of a lift -Righting unit in the working direction upstream switch component measuring system is measured and temporarily stored in the transverse direction of the track depending on location, and the position of the sleepers and the intermediate compartments in the working direction is recorded and temporarily stored. In addition, a device for compacting the ballast bedding of a track, in particular in the area of a switch, with a switch tamping machine is proposed, which has a tamping unit, a lifting and straightening unit, a roller tong, a roller tong locking cylinder with a closing travel sensor, a lifting cylinder with the lifting force, a hook depth cylinder with a depth transmitter for a lifting hook and a guide-straightening wheel for straightening the track position and is equipped with a switch component measuring system upstream of the lifting-straightening unit in the working direction for the location-dependent measurement of the position of switch components.

State of the art

Such a device is from DE 3923733 A1 known. A lifting and straightening unit that can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the machine is from the CH 536901 A known.

Turnout tamping machines are machines for correcting the track position of turnouts. To determine the position of the track, measuring systems are used that measure the actual track height, the actual track direction and the actual cant position of the track during work and compare them with specified target values. With the help of a track lifting / leveling unit, the track grid is raised and laterally aligned until the difference between the specified target position and the actual position is zero. In this position, the switch is set by compressing the ballast under the sleepers with the help of a switch tamping unit. The track grid is lifted and straightened using hydraulic lifting and straightening cylinders with proportional or servo controls. Turnouts have a continuous track and a branching track as a special feature. Trains are led into the branch via so-called tongues or held on the continuous main line. The so-called centerpiece is located at the intersection of the continuous track and the branching track. In the area of the frog, the railway wheel must be guided from the rail of the continuous line to the rail of the branching line. Guide rails are provided so that the unguided wheel in the interruption area rolls safely into the branch or into the continuous main line. In order to ensure that the work tools of the turnout tamping machine can tamp under the turnout sleepers at all points, the tamping units can be moved sideways and, because of the sloping long sleepers, the tamping units can be rotated. The tamping tines can also be designed to be pivotable, at least in part.

With straight line tamping machines, the rail is gripped at the head with roller tongs and lifted into the geometrical target position. In turnouts, the roller tongs are often not used because of the crossing rails and in the centerpiece possible. So that these points can also be machined (set up), lifting hooks that can be extended laterally and are height-adjustable in depth are also provided.

In addition to pure turnout tamping machines and track tamping machines, there are also universal machines that can be used both for track and turnout areas. The universal machines often have two work cabins. The switch tamping cabin is opposite to the working direction with regard to its viewing direction. From the switch tamping cabin, the machine operator controls the position of the tamping unit, the pick, he selects the roller tongs or the lifting hook or the position of the lifting hook as well as the point of application of the same on the rail head or on the rail foot, depending on the circumstances and discretion. The lifting device can also be moved in the longitudinal direction of the track. This is necessary if the lifting hook engages the rail foot - this is only possible in the area of the intermediate compartment - or if, for example, the roller clamp or the lifting hook cannot close on the rail head due to an insulating joint. The turnout tamping cabin is chosen primarily because of the better view of the lifting and straightening unit of the turnout tamping machine. The line tamping machine is in the working direction from the viewing direction. When tamping the section, tamping is only carried out with the roller tongs because there are no obstacles as with switches. With track tamping, which is usually carried out at higher working speeds, it is particularly important to have a view of the tamping units so that they dip exactly in the intermediate compartment and do not damage the sleepers with the tamping tools (so-called tamping tools). From the section tamping cabin there is a poor view of the lifting device because the tamping units restrict the view. The disadvantage of the design of two work cabins is the considerable additional effort in the design, two cabins, two control devices, additional weight and increased space requirements. Up until now, when a universal tamping machine was designed with only one work booth (usually the one for tamping in the path), the view of the lifting device was achieved via video cameras. However, video cameras cannot adequately replace a spatial view. The manual setting of the lifting device, the choice of roller tongs or lifting hook, the positioning of the lifting hook and the Force application point, as well as the displacement of the lifting device in the longitudinal direction of the track requires time. Distance measuring devices using odometers or other methods are also known. Since the target track geometry is defined in terms of the curved length of the track, the current position of the machine in terms of the track kilometrage must be recorded.

Presentation of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for automatically controlling the roller tongs and the lifting hook for lifting switches by switch tamping machines, with which the operating speed can be increased and the susceptibility to errors can be minimized. In addition, suffice it with just one work cabin, which means that the switch tamping machine can be made shorter if necessary.

The invention solves the problem in that the lifting and straightening unit is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the machine's longitudinal direction and the switch component measuring system has switch component detection sensors that the recorded values for the working position of the roller tongs and the lifting hook are queried so that a test is carried out on the basis of these values Whether the roller tongs can be used in this working position and, if the roller tongs cannot be used, a check is carried out on the basis of these values to determine whether the lifting hook can grip the rail head and, if this is not possible, that the lifting hook may be shifted in the longitudinal direction of the machine takes place that the lifting hook comes to stand on the rail foot in an intermediate compartment and that the lifting is carried out after gripping the rail with the lifting and straightening unit, with a Gr eifposition determined for the lifting and straightening unit and this gripping position is automatically approached before closing the roller tongs or before gripping the rail with the lifting hook, in particular by transverse displacement, longitudinal displacement and depth adjustment of the lifting and straightening unit.

According to the invention, the position of the switch components is detected with the switch component measuring system arranged upstream of the lifting and straightening unit in the working direction and stored as a function of the path. Any number of practically one-dimensional snapshots of the track cross-section can be made in plan view and stored in a database. A digital image of the track and, in particular, the switch components can be created from the stored data. On the basis of this, the lifting and straightening unit is automatically shifted accordingly in the longitudinal direction of the track along a guide on the machine frame in order to approach a suitable point of application for the lifting and straightening tool. In addition, the suitable lifting and straightening tool is selected depending on the measured values of the switch component measuring system, i.e. between roller tongs and lifting hook and the extension position of the lifting hook and the point of application of the lifting hook, on the rail base or rail head, is automatically selected by a control or regulation. As a result of these measures, one of the two work cabins can be omitted. The automatic control of the roller clamp and lifting hook compensates for the deteriorated view of the roller clamp and lifting hook from the track tamping cabin and increases the working speed. A video system can also be used to monitor the roller tongs and lifting hooks.

According to the invention, the position of the track components, in particular the switch components (position of the rails, the frog, the wing rails, the switch blades, the drive boxes for the switch blades, etc.) with respect to the lifting and straightening unit in the working direction is recorded in advance depending on the path. The detection of these steel components can be done, for example, with the help of a series of inductive or capacitive proximity sensors, ultrasonic sensors or a laser scanner (equidistant scanning, for example, every 5 cm). The position of the switch components is stored as a function of the path and transposed by a computer system to the position of the roller tongs or the lifting hook. The path progress of the machine is measured using a path measuring device, for example an odometer. The previous measurements are evaluated for the respective position of the lifting and straightening unit. If there is not enough space to manipulate with the roller pliers, then it is determined automatically switched to the lifting hook. Depending on the previous measurement and the temporarily stored data for the current location of the lifting and straightening unit, the extension position of the lifting hook and the rail head as the point of application are selected first. By measuring the extended position and the closing path of the lifting hook, it can be concluded whether the head has been securely gripped by the hook or not. If the closing path is not sufficient, the hook is automatically opened again. If the lifting hook is not located above the intermediate compartment, the lifting and straightening unit is moved in the longitudinal direction of the track until the lifting hook is located above the intermediate compartment. At this new position the attempt is made to close the rail head again. If this is unsuccessful (e.g. because there is an insulating joint), the rail foot is selected as the point of application of force. If the roller tong does not grip the rail head successfully, this can be determined by measuring the displacement of the hydraulic locking cylinder, then the lifting and straightening unit is moved to a position in the longitudinal direction of the track where it can be closed. If there is no such position, the lifting hook with the point of application on the rail foot is automatically activated. On the side of the lifting devices (always on the outside of the rail), the measuring device records the position of the turnout components in the transverse direction of the track; the reference point is the rail track on which the turnout tamping machine and the lifting and straightening device are running. A gripping position for the lifting / straightening system is determined from the position of the switch components recorded with the switch component measuring system and this gripping position is automatically approached before closing the roller tongs or before gripping the rail with the lifting hook, in particular by transverse displacement, longitudinal displacement and depth adjustment of the lifting and straightening system .

The switch component measuring system detects the position of the switch components preferably with a sensor strip comprising a large number of individual sensors, which sensor strip is arranged upstream of the lifting and straightening unit running transversely to the machine longitudinal direction and with a number of inductive sensors and / or capacitive sensors and / or laser distance sensors and / or Ultrasonic distance sensors is equipped. The switch component measuring system can also record the position of the switch components with at least one laser scanner.

A device according to the invention for compacting the ballast bedding of a track, in particular in the area of a switch, with a switch tamping machine, with a tamping unit, with a lifting and straightening unit that includes a roller tong, a roller tong locking cylinder with a closing travel sensor, a lifting cylinder with the lifting force, a hook depth cylinder with a depth sensor for one Has lifting hook and a guide-straightening wheel for guiding the lifting-straightening unit along a rail, for straightening the track position, and with a switch component measuring system upstream of the lifting-straightening unit in the working direction for the location-dependent measurement of the position of switch components in the transverse direction of the track, is characterized by the fact that the Lifting-straightening unit is guided longitudinally displaceably on the machine frame in the longitudinal direction of the machine and has the switch component measuring system with switch component detection sensors that the switch component measuring system measure the position of switch components depending on location and z can be temporarily stored and the position of the thresholds and the intermediate compartments in the working direction can be recorded and temporarily stored and that the recorded values for the working position of the roller tongs and the lifting hook can be queried so that a check can be made on the basis of these values to determine whether this working position can be carried out the roller tongs can be used and, if the roller tongs cannot be used, a test can be carried out on the basis of these values to determine whether the lifting hook can grip the rail head and, if this is not possible, the lifting hook can be shifted in the longitudinal direction of the machine that the lifting hook comes to rest on the rail foot at an intermediate compartment and that the lifting can be carried out after gripping the rail with the lifting and straightening unit, a gripping position for the lifting and straightening unit being determined from the position of the switch components recorded with the switch component measuring system and this gripping position can be automatically approached before closing the roller tongs or before gripping the rail with the lifting hook, in particular by transverse displacement, longitudinal displacement and depth adjustment of the lifting and straightening unit.

In order to ensure that individual positions have been safely approached or the rail has been securely gripped, the hook depth cylinder with depth sensor is assigned to the lifting hook of the lifting and straightening unit, the roller tongs of the lifting and straightening unit can be assigned to the roller tong locking cylinder with closing travel sensor and can be assigned to the lifting A transverse shift cylinder with a displacement sensor can be assigned to the straightening unit.

A particularly simple and robust switch component measuring system is obtained when it comprises a sensor strip, preferably comprising a plurality of individual sensors, which is provided on the switch tamping machine, aligned transversely to the longitudinal direction of the machine. For this purpose, the sensor strip can comprise a multiplicity of individual sensors arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the strip, that is to say in a row. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is advisable if the individual sensors arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the bar are arranged in two or more rows running next to one another, the individual sensors of adjacent sensor rows preferably being offset with gaps. The switch component measuring system can include inductive sensors, capacitive sensors, laser distance sensors and / or ultrasonic distance sensors or, if appropriate, at least one laser scanner.

Brief description of the drawing

Fig. 1

eine gleisfahrbare Gleisstopfmaschine in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2

ein erfindungsgemäßes Hebe-Richtaggragat mit Rollenzange und quer verfahrbaren und tiefenverstellbaren Hebehaken sowie einer Messeinrichtung zur Erfassung der Gleiskomponenten in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 3

ein Hebe-Richtaggregat mit Darstellung des quer verfahrbaren und tiefenverstellbaren Hebehakens mit Wegerfassung der Zylinderbewegungen in Ansicht,

Fig. 4

eine Rollenzange mit Wegerfassung der Schließbewegung in Ansicht,

Fig. 5

eine Weiche mit Weichenkomponenten wie Zungen, Zungenantrieb, Herzstück, Flügelschienen und Führungsschienen, sowie der Langschwellen, den durchgehenden und den abzweigenden Strang in Draufsicht und

Fig. 6 und 7

je eine Darstellung des Zungenbereichs von Weichen, die Messeinrichtung zur Erfassung der Lage der Gleiskomponenten in Gleisquerrichtung und exemplarisch die gespeicherten Messdaten einer derartigen Messeinrichtung.

The subject of the invention is shown in the drawing, for example. Show it

Fig. 1

a side view of a track tamping machine that can be driven on rails,

Fig. 2

a lifting and straightening assembly according to the invention with roller tongs and transversely movable and depth-adjustable lifting hooks as well as a measuring device for detecting the track components in a side view,

Fig. 3

a lifting and straightening unit with a view of the transversely movable and depth-adjustable lifting hook with distance recording of the cylinder movements,

Fig. 4

a roller tong with position detection of the closing movement in view,

Fig. 5

a switch with switch components such as tongues, tongue drive, frog, wing rails and guide rails, as well as the long sleepers, the continuous and branching line in plan view and

Figures 6 and 7

One representation each of the tongue area of points, the measuring device for detecting the position of the track components in the transverse direction of the track and, as an example, the stored measurement data of such a measuring device.

Way of carrying out the invention

A turnout tamping machine 1 has a tamping unit 4 and a track lifting / straightening unit 2 with a lifting cylinder 5, roller tongs 6, a lifting hook 7 and a measuring device 3 ( Fig. 1 ). The lifting and straightening unit can be moved in the longitudinal direction 11 of the track by means of a hydraulic cylinder. The switch tamping machine can be moved on the rail 9 via drives 8. The turnout tamping machine 1 is controlled from the work booth 10 arranged behind the tamping unit 4 in the working direction C. The work cabin 10 and the driving cabs can be entered via side doors 29. The arc length of the track is determined with a distance measuring device 27. The otherwise usual second switch tamping cabin 28 can be omitted in the embodiment according to the invention. The switch component measuring system 3 for the location-dependent measurement of the position of switch components is arranged upstream of the lifting and straightening unit 2 in the working direction C.

The lifting and straightening unit ( Fig. 2 ) has a roller tong 6, a roller tong lock cylinder 12 with a closing travel sensor 26, a lifting cylinder 5 with the lifting force F _H , a hook depth cylinder 13 with a depth sensor 30 for the lifting hook, a switch component measuring system 3 with switch component detection sensors 15, a lifting hook 7 and a guide straightening wheel 14. The lifting and straightening unit 2 is guided along the rail 9 by means of wheels 14.

The view according to Fig. 3 of the lifting and straightening unit 2 shows in particular the guide device 16 for the transverse displacement of the lifting hook 7, the lifting hook displacement cylinder 17 with displacement sensor 31, the guide and straightening wheel 14, the lifting cylinder 5 and the guide rail 9.

The view according to Fig. 4 of the lifting and straightening unit 2 shows the roller tong 6, the roller tong locking cylinder 12 with the closing travel sensor 26, the lifting cylinder 5 with the lifting force F _H , the guide rail 9 and the guide straightening wheel 14.

Fig. 5 shows the schematic top view of a switch 22 to be straightened with the essential switch components, namely the tongue drives 18, the tongues 19, the guide rails 20, the frog 21, the wing rails 25, the continuous main strand 23, the sleepers 32, the intermediate compartments 33 and the branching line 24.

In the upper part of the Fig. 6 the tongue area 19 is shown schematically. In the transverse direction, that is to say transverse to the working direction C, the obstacle position D is recorded, K corresponds to the track position of the switch component measuring system 3 which, in the exemplary embodiment given, consists of individual switch component detection sensors 15. The switch component detection sensors 15 are arranged in two rows running next to one another, the individual sensors of adjacent sensor rows being staggered with gaps. 19 shows the tongue, 9 shows the continuous rail, E indicates the area in which the roller pliers 6 is used, F the position in which the lifting hook 7 must be used. C indicates the working direction. In the lower part of the illustration, the vertical axis D shows the obstacle position and the horizontal axis K shows the track position at which the measuring device 3 was located at the time of the measurement. The crosses in the diagram indicate which of the distance sensors 15 has actively detected a switch component. Also entered in the diagram are the maximum hook extension limit G and the maximum roller tong limit J at which there is sufficient free space to close the roller tong 6. M indicates the required free space from which the roller pliers 6 can be used.

In the upper part of Fig. 7 the frog area L is shown schematically. The obstacle position D is specified in the transverse direction, K corresponds to the track position of the measuring device 3, which in the specified exemplary embodiment consists of individual distance sensors 15. E indicates the area in which the roller pliers 6 is used, F the position in which the lifting hook 7 must be used. C indicates the working direction. In the lower part of the illustration, the vertical axis D shows the obstacle position and the horizontal axis K shows the track position at which the measuring device 3 was located at the time of the measurement. The crosses in the diagram indicate which of the distance sensors 15 has actively detected a switch component. Also entered in the diagram are the maximum hook extension limit G and the maximum roller tong limit J at which there is sufficient free space to close the roller tong 6. M indicates the required free space from which the roller pliers 6 can be used. 21 represents the centerpiece and 25 the wing rails.

Claims (12)

1. Method for controlling the lifting and lining unit of a switch tamping machine (1), which can be driven on a track (8), for compacting the ballast bed of a track, in particular in the region of a switch, comprising a tamping unit (4), a lifting and lining unit (2) which comprises a pair of roller pincers (6), a lifting hook (7), a roller pincer closing cylinder (12) with a closing path sensor (26), a lifting cylinder (5) with a lifting force (F_H), a hook depth cylinder (13) with a depth transducer (30) for the lifting hook (7) and a guiding and lining wheel (14) for guiding the lifting and lining unit (2) along a rail (9), wherein the position of switch components, such as in particular switch drive boxes (18), rails (9) and a frog (21), is measured and intermediately stored, during advancement of the switch tamping machine (1), in a location-dependent manner in a transverse direction of the track with the aid of a switch component measuring system (3) which is arranged upstream of the lifting and lining unit (2) in the working direction (C), and wherein the position of the sleepers (32) and of the intermediate compartments (33) in the working direction (C) is detected and intermediately stored, characterised in that the lifting and lining unit (2) is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner (11) in the longitudinal direction of the machine and comprises the switch component measuring system (3) having switch component detection sensors (15), in that the detected values for the working position of the pair of roller pincers (6) and of the lifting hook (7) are queried, in that on the basis of these values a check is carried out to establish whether the pair of roller pincers (6) can be used (J, M) at this working position and, if the pair of roller pincers (6) cannot be used (J, M), a check is carried out on the basis of these values to establish whether the lifting hook (7) can act upon the rail head and if, in turn, this is not possible, optionally the lifting hook (7) is displaced in the longitudinal direction of the machine such that the lifting hook (7) comes to a standstill at the rail base by an intermediate compartment (33), and the lifting is performed after gripping of the rail by means of the lifting and lining unit (2), wherein from the position of the switch components (D, K) detected by means of the switch component measuring system (3) a gripping position for the lifting and lining unit (2) is determined and this gripping position is automatically accessed, prior to closure of the pair of roller pincers or prior to gripping of the rail by means of the lifting hook (7), in particular by means of transverse displacement, longitudinal displacement and depth adjustment of the lifting and lining unit (2).
2. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the switch component measuring system (3) detects the position of the switch components by means of a sensor strip which comprises preferably a plurality of switch component detection sensors (15) and is arranged, extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the machine, upstream of the lifting and lining unit in the working direction (C).
3. Method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the switch component measuring system (3) detects the position of the switch components by means of a row of inductive sensors (15) and/or capacitive sensors (15).
4. Method as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the switch component measuring system (3) detects the position of the switch components by means of a row of laser distance sensors (15) and/or ultrasonic distance sensors (15).
5. Method as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the switch component measuring system (3) detects the position of the switch components by means of at least one laser scanner.
6. Apparatus for compacting the ballast bed of a track, in particular in the region of a switch, comprising a switch tamping machine (1), comprising a tamping unit (4), a lifting and lining unit (2) which comprises a pair of roller pincers (6), a lifting hook (7), a roller pincer closing cylinder (12) with a closing path sensor (26), a lifting cylinder (5) with a lifting force (F_H), a hook depth cylinder (13) with a depth transducer (30) for the lifting hook (7) and a guiding and lining wheel (14) for guiding the lifting and lining unit (2) along a rail, for lining the track position, and comprising a switch component measuring system (3), which is arranged upstream of the lifting and lining unit (2) in the working direction (C), for measuring the position of the switch components in a location-dependent manner in a transverse direction of the track, characterised in that the lifting and lining unit (2) is guided on the machine frame in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the longitudinal direction of the machine and comprises the switch component measuring system (3) having switch component detection sensors (15), in that the switch component measuring system (3) can measure and intermediately store the position of switch components in a location-dependent manner and the position of the sleepers (32) and of the intermediate compartments (33) in the working direction (C) can be detected and intermediately stored, and in that the detected values for the working position of the pair of roller pincers (6) and of the lifting hook (7) can be queried, in that on the basis of these values a check can be carried out to establish whether the pair of roller pincers (6) can be used (J, M) at this working position and, if the pair of roller pincers (6) cannot be used (J, M), a check can be carried out on the basis of these values to establish whether the lifting hook (7) can act upon the rail head and if, in turn, this is not possible, optionally the lifting hook (7) can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the machine such that the lifting hook (7) comes to a standstill at the rail base by an intermediate compartment (33), and the lifting can be performed after gripping of the rail by means of the lifting and lining unit (2), wherein from the position of the switch components (D, K) detected by means of the switch component measuring system (3) a gripping position for the lifting and lining unit (2) can be determined and this gripping position can be automatically accessed, prior to closure of the pair of roller pincers or prior to gripping of the rail by means of the lifting hook (7), in particular by means of transverse displacement, longitudinal displacement and depth adjustment of the lifting and lining unit (2).
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the pair of roller pincers (6) of the lifting and lining unit (2) is associated with the roller pincer closing cylinder (12) having a closing path sensor (26).
8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 6 or 7, characterised in that the lifting and lining unit (2) is associated with a transverse displacement cylinder (17) having a displacement path sensor (31).
9. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the switch component measuring system (3) which is arranged upstream of the lifting and lining unit (2) in the working direction (C) comprises a sensor strip which comprises preferably a plurality of individual sensors and is provided on the switch tamping machine (1) oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction of the machine.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the sensor strip (3) comprises a plurality of individual sensors (15) arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the strip.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the individual sensors (15) arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the strip are arranged in two or more rows extending next to one another, wherein optionally the individual sensors of adjacent sensor rows are offset preferably with a gap.
12. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the switch component measuring system (3) comprises inductive sensors, capacitive sensors, laser distance sensors and/or ultrasonic distance sensors or optionally at least one laser scanner.

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