EP3219855B1 - Method for compacting soil comprising a mounted compressor, mounted compressor and excavator provided with a mounted compressor - Google Patents
Method for compacting soil comprising a mounted compressor, mounted compressor and excavator provided with a mounted compressor Download PDFInfo
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- EP3219855B1 EP3219855B1 EP17000454.3A EP17000454A EP3219855B1 EP 3219855 B1 EP3219855 B1 EP 3219855B1 EP 17000454 A EP17000454 A EP 17000454A EP 3219855 B1 EP3219855 B1 EP 3219855B1
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- Prior art keywords
- compactor
- excavator
- contact force
- attachable
- compaction
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
- E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
- E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
- E01C19/38—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight with means specifically for generating vibrations, e.g. vibrating plate compactors, immersion vibrators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
- E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
- E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
- E01C19/40—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight adapted to impart a smooth finish to the paving, e.g. tamping or vibrating finishers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
- E02D3/074—Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
- E02F3/967—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements of compacting-type tools
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2264—Arrangements or adaptations of elements for hydraulic drives
- E02F9/2271—Actuators and supports therefor and protection therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for soil compaction with a cultivation compressor, a cultivation compressor and an excavator with a mounted compressor.
- a so-called add-on compactor is an excavator attachment or an excavator attachment, which is used especially in trench and pipeline construction.
- Such cultivation compressors are for example in the DE 10 2013 200 274 A1 , of the DE 20 2004 015 141 U1 and the DE 10 2008 006 889 A1 described.
- Generic add-on compactors generally include a bottom plate which can be vibrated via a vibration exciter, usually an unbalance generator, a drive for the vibration exciter and a superstructure connected to the bottom plate via damping elements, which has a coupling device for connecting an excavator arm.
- the operator of the excavator controls the add-on compactor via the excavator arm to the point of the ground to be compacted.
- the mounted compactor is then pressed with its bottom plate on the ground and the vibration generator is put into operation. As a result, the generated vibration movements are transmitted to the ground, thereby compacting the ground.
- Essential for an efficient operation of the add-on compactor is the duration with which the add-on compactor is pressed in vibration mode to the respective ground location. On the one hand, this process must be maintained until a desired soil compaction is achieved. The longer the cultivating compressor acts on the ground, the less soil compaction progresses on the other hand. This means that the compression process becomes more ineffective with time. This situation occurs in particular when the excavator does not depress the mounted compactor during the compaction process. The progressively thickening Bottom then deviates downwards, which makes the compression process and in particular long compression intervals even more inefficient.
- the object of the invention is now to provide a simple way to make the soil compaction using a cultivation compressor more efficient, especially without having to monitor the course of soil compaction through the compaction process away sensory.
- the basic idea of the invention lies in the realization that in order to achieve satisfactory soil compaction results the continuous detection and monitoring of the present soil compaction is not required. On the contrary, sufficient soil compaction results can already be obtained after certain time intervals in which the cultivation compactor compacts the soil subsoil.
- Significant influencing factor for the compression process is in particular the contact pressure with which the attachment compressor is pressed by the excavator on the ground during the compaction process. Relevant here in the following statements in particular extending in the vertical direction force component of the contact pressure. The pressing is done in a connected to an excavator attachment compactor usually on the excavator arm of the excavator.
- This working interval is in each case dimensioned as a function of the contact pressure, can be determined in particular empirically by laboratory and / or field tests. According to the invention, it is thus provided that in the current compression process, the present soil compaction is not determined.
- the period of time with which the add-on compactor is pressed onto the soil underground per compaction interval is effected in a simplified manner exclusively as a function of the contact pressure.
- the inventive method for soil compaction using a mounted compressor thus comprises the steps A) pressing the cultivation compactor on the soil to be compacted on a storage facility, B) measuring the force applied to the attachment compressor by the bearing means contact pressure or a correlated with the contact force measurement, C) determining a required compression duration as a function of the measured pressing force or the measured variable correlating with the contact pressure, and D) actuating a signaling device at least at the end of the required compression period.
- the attachment compactor is usually pressed by means of the excavator arm, which is connected via the bearing device with the attachment compressor, coming in substantially vertical direction from above on the ground. This can be done for example via known hydraulic adjusting devices for moving the excavator.
- the contact force exerted on the attachment compressor via the bearing device is determined. This can be done via a direct force measurement or by determining a correlated with the contact force measurement, such as hydraulic pressure, the contact force of the attachment compressor on the ground, via a sensor generated voltage and / or deformation signals, etc. It is essential that a pertinent statement is possible, whether the cultivation compressor is pressed with a relatively large or a relatively low contact force on the ground. In the present case, what is relevant in particular is the contact pressure force or the vertical component of the contact force running in the vertical direction on the add-on compactor. The greater the contact pressure, the lower or shorter is the required compression time required to achieve a desired soil compaction.
- the "required compaction period” indicates a time window within which, for example, based on empirical investigations still an efficient compaction of the soil takes place.
- the "required compaction time” does not lead to the theoretically maximum soil compaction. Rather, the “required compaction time” is preferably such that soil compaction processes occur to a significant and practically relevant extent within this time interval. This ensures, on the one hand, that satisfactory compression results are obtained within the time window of the "required compression period" and, at the same time, an uneconomical overlong soil compaction is avoided.
- the size of the specific "compaction time required" for the particular application can be varied on a case-by-case basis and predetermined, for example, by the user by specifying a desired minimum soil compaction level.
- a desired minimum soil compaction level for this purpose, in practice, for example, the so-called Proctor density according to DIN 18127 can be used.
- the compaction period required for the respective applied contact force or the measured variable correlating with the contact force is determined by reference to known references stored in a memory unit, for example.
- the operator of the add-on compactor thus gets a simple and efficient way to optimize the operation of the add-on compactor to such an extent that the individual compaction intervals are long enough but not too long. For this it is primarily important that the expiration of the meaningful compression period is signaled to him in any form. This will be described in more detail below.
- step B a forwarding of the contact force measured in the above-mentioned step B) or the measured variable correlated with the contact force takes place to this control unit.
- the control unit thus initially receives the information which is decisive for the selection of the required compression duration.
- steps C) and / or D) are also controlled by the control unit.
- the control unit thus preferably provides the central interface, on the one hand, for processing the information "pressing force” or “measuring force correlating with the contact force” for selecting the required compression duration and, on the other hand, for determining and determining the "required compression duration” and for actuating the signaling device
- the control unit is arranged on the attachment compressor in order to enable as central as possible and independent of the respective excavator implementation of the method according to the invention.
- the concrete determination or determination of the required compaction period can also be done in different ways.
- the determined contact pressure or the size correlating with the contact force can be multiplied by a specified factor.
- better results with regard to the compression result can be achieved if, in step C), the measured contact force or the variable correlated with the contact force is matched with a value table, a characteristic field or a multiplicity of reference curves stored in a storage unit.
- the table of values is, for example, subdivided into the variables "contact force” and "required compression duration", so that with known contact force only the corresponding required compression duration must be assigned.
- a possible characteristic map shows the course of the soil compaction obtained, for example the Proctor density, as a function of the contact pressure with respect to the compaction time.
- the use of a map offers the advantage that it is easy to make variations in terms of the desired soil compaction.
- a multiplicity of reference curves which in each case indicate the profile of the soil compaction, in particular the Proctor density, starting from a contact pressure as a function of the compaction period.
- the value table or the characteristic field or the plurality of reference curves stored in the memory unit can either be specified by the user or is preferably stored in the memory unit ex works. The data required for this purpose are based in particular on empirical laboratory and / or field tests.
- the required compaction time represents an individual variable with regard to the desired compaction result. What is essential here is first that with constant energy input into the soil, the compaction of the soil increases logarithmically with the number of load changes. If, for example, it is assumed that a theoretically maximum soil compaction is equated with 100%, the "required compaction period" preferably corresponds to that period of time in which at least 70%, in particular at least 80% and completely, corresponds to the measured contact force or to the force correlating to the contact force especially at least 85% of the maximum possible soil compaction is achieved. However, since a theoretically maximum soil compaction can not be achieved by nature, it has proved expedient to resort to analog parameters in determining the required compaction time.
- a preferred option is, for example, an indication of soil compaction by means of a degree of compaction Dpr [%] (or hereinafter referred to as the degree of compaction Q).
- This percentage degree of compaction describes the volume density in comparison to the standardized Proctor test according to DIN 18127, to which reference is hereby made. The test is intended to estimate the density that can be achieved on construction sites and to verify that the compaction work has been carried out. With the Proctor test it is determined at which water content the soil can be optimally compacted with constant compaction energy. The corresponding characteristic values are the Proctor density and the optimum water content.
- the degree of compaction is the quotient of the soil dry density and the proctor density determined in the laboratory.
- the Proctor test a reference bottom is filled into a vessel and compacted with defined work by a drop weight over a certain number of compression strokes.
- the resulting dry densities are plotted as a so-called proctor curve, from which the maximum density and the optimum water content are determined.
- the compaction period required according to the invention is therefore preferably also determined such that it corresponds to the time interval in which a degree of densification (in percent of the Proctor density) of 95%, in particular 98% and very particularly 100% is achieved.
- the long lever arm of an optionally extended excavator arm reduces the possible contact pressure depending on the Excavator arm geometry sometimes considerably. Due to the continuous settlement or compaction of the soil, the excavator arm must also frequently be permanently tracked in order to maintain the desired high contact pressure. It follows from the above that it is practically seldom possible to apply the maximum contact pressure constantly during each compression process. In addition, it is difficult for the machine operator to assess the different levels of contact pressure and, in particular, it is difficult for the operator to correctly estimate the influence on the compression efficiency. Therefore, it is helpful if the actual effective contact force is measured directly or indirectly, and their influence is signaled to the compression. Thus, at low high contact forces an unnecessarily long compression can be avoided and with reduced contact force the then required longer compression time can be displayed accordingly.
- step D alternative options are also conceivable and preferred, which can also be combined with one another.
- the signal device not only indicates the expiry of the required compression duration, but enables an optical countdown corresponding to the required compression duration.
- Such an optical countdown can, for example, be realized in a multiplicity of lamps which are arranged next to one another in a row and which start one after the other or one after the other.
- Such an optical countdown can in particular also consist of displaying a total time interval corresponding to the required compression duration.
- the actual time runs down to zero via a numeric display.
- a signal light illuminates when the required compression period expires or alternatively is switched off.
- This traffic light function can be designed, for example, such that, as long as the compression process is to be maintained, a green light lights up and when reaching the compression duration the green light goes out and a red light comes on.
- the expiration of the compression duration can also take place via the output of an acoustic signal as soon as the required compression period has expired.
- a signal may be, for example, a horn or the like.
- the signaling of the end of the compression period engages directly in the control of the add-on compactor.
- this can be done for example by stopping a vibration function of the add-on compactor, which is preferably triggered by the control unit. If the add-on compactor stops shaking, the operator knows that the required compaction time has expired.
- the display of the currently required compression period / compression speed takes place in accordance with the contact pressure by a faster or slower flashing frequency of a lighting element. It may also be provided that the flashing frequency increases with increasing approach to the expiration of the specified time interval and at the end of the specified time interval, a continuous display (ie without flashing) takes place.
- a reset function is present such that automatically when relieving and especially lifting the attachment compactor from the ground subsides steps A) to D) again in this order, especially if the Cultivation compressor is recalculated, which can be seen for example by an increase in the contact pressure or a correlating size.
- the reset function thus ensures that steps A) to D) run cyclically without in particular the measurement, determination and operation of the signaling device according to steps B) to D) each have to be manually restarted by the operator.
- Reason here is rather preferred either the relieving the add-on compactor and / or the detection of a new Anpressvorgangs.
- the contact pressure force can be calculated from the pressure of one or more hydraulic cylinders of the excavator arm. It is also possible to use the measurement of a relief pressure or a relief force on at least one driving device of the excavator. The stronger the cultivation compactor is pressed onto the ground, the stronger or weaker one of the usually at least two driving devices is loaded. This may vary with the use of a rotary excavator superstructure with the respective rotational position and is taken into account in this alternative to determine the required compression duration.
- a path signal can also be used on an elastic connecting element between a base plate and a superstructure of the add-on compactor.
- the superstructure of the add-on compactor is usually connected via elastic damping elements with the standing in contact with the ground surface bottom plate of the add-on compactor.
- the deformation of the elastic connecting element correlated with the contact pressure and thus as a reference to the Determination of the required compression period can be used.
- the contact force of the soil compactor on the ground surface can be used as the size correlating to the contact force.
- strain measurements on components lying in the force flow can also be carried out in a manner known per se, for example via strain gauges or strain transducers. A determination of the elongation or compression is also possible in the force shunt, since the present required accuracy is not very high.
- a generic crop compactor comprises a bottom plate, a motor-driven vibration generator, with which the bottom plate is set into oscillations, a superstructure, which is connected to the bottom plate, and a coupling device which is designed for coupling an excavator.
- the motor-driven vibration exciter can be, for example, an unbalance device for generating the desired vibrations.
- the motor drive of the vibration exciter can be realized via a hydraulic motor powered by the hydraulic system of the excavator or by an alternative drive motor.
- a sensor device which is designed such that with her a contact pressure of the excavator on the add-on compactor or correlated with the contact pressure size can be determined.
- the latter may be, for example, the contact pressure of the attachment compactor on the ground or a size correlating with this contact force.
- a control unit is also provided which determines a required compression duration on the basis of the determined pressing force or on the basis of the contact pressure force, and that a signal device is provided which is designed such that it at least completes the required sequence Density time displays.
- control unit With regard to the specific design and mode of operation of the control unit, the determination and definition of the required compression duration and the mode of operation of the signaling device, reference is likewise made to the preceding statements. It is preferred if all of said elements are arranged as a closed system on the attachment compressor. This makes it possible, in particular, to use the method according to the invention independently of the design of the particular excavator connected to the attached compactor during the working process.
- the sensor device can be made of a variety of alternative embodiments. It is preferred if the sensor device at least one Sensor element in the form of a force sensor, in particular a resistive force transducer, a piezoelectric force transducer or a strain gauge comprises. Such sensors are characterized by their high functional reliability and low susceptibility to failure. By using a trained as a force sensor sensor element manages the immediate determination of the contact pressure. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to resort to displacement sensors which, preferably without contact, determine deformation phenomena via inductive, capacitive, optical or ultrasound-based measuring principles. The use of (linear) potentiometers is also possible. It is further preferably provided when the sensor device is arranged on the superstructure.
- the sensor device is exposed to the vibrations occurring during the compression process only to a damped extent. It is ideal if the sensor device is integrated at least partially directly into the coupling device, in particular the add-on compactor. If the coupling counterpart of the excavator engages in the coupling device of the add-on compactor, preferably a physical contact to the excavator arm is produced directly, via which the determination of the contact force or a variable correlated with the contact force is possible. Often, the coupling device further comprises protective devices against signs of pollution, whereby at the same time a protection of the sensor device is possible. In order to enable transmission of the measurement signals determined by the sensor device to the control unit, the sensor device is preferably connected to the control unit via a signal line.
- the sensor device can be designed such that it detects the deformation of an elastic damping element between the superstructure and the bottom plate. This can be done for example via a distance measuring sensor or similar devices.
- control unit is arranged on the superstructure of the add-on compactor. This also reduces the vibration load on the control unit during operation of the add-on compactor.
- control unit or at least one interface of the control unit is arranged externally accessible on the add-on compressor, optionally shielded by an adjustable protective device, for example a flap, to the outside. In this way, facilitated access to the control unit, for example, for programming purposes to determine a particular type of soil, etc., etc. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to deposit an operating documentation in the control unit and access via this access from the outside.
- the control unit ideally comprises a memory unit.
- the memory unit serves to store a look-up table, a map or a plurality of reference curves, the one or more include the achieved degree of compaction or a correlating size on the contact pressure or a correlating size depending on the compression period.
- the relevant for determining the respective required compression duration variables can be stored directly in the control unit.
- the storage unit can also be used for operating documentation, for example, to record information regarding the operating time, the work steps performed, etc., and to be able to read out later for control purposes.
- the cultivation compressor includes a signaling device.
- the signaling device serves to signal the operator at least the sequence of the respective required compression duration.
- the signal device comprises, for example, a visual display device, in particular an indicator light, a display light or a digital display.
- a visual display device in particular an indicator light, a display light or a digital display.
- an indicator light By means of a single indicator light, the end of the required compression period can be indicated, for example, by extinguishing or lighting up the indicator light when the expiration of the required compression period has been reached.
- a traffic light may indicate the end of the required compression period by a display change, preferably in different colors.
- a time display can be designed as a light bar or as a numeric display.
- the signaling device may comprise an acoustic display device, which acoustically signals the achievement of the end of the required compression duration, for example via the output of a voice and / or audio signal.
- the acoustic display device preferably comprises a loudspeaker. It is also ideal if it is possible to regulate the volume of the output of the acoustic indication signal.
- the signaling device is preferably arranged on the superstructure of the add-on compactor, since the vibration load is lower here. Preferred locations are there either the top or at least the orientation to the inside of the add-on compactor.
- the inside of the add-on compactor designates that outer wall which faces the excavator in the state mounted on an excavator arm.
- the invention further comprises a complementary and / or alternative design of the signaling device in that it has a control element controlled by the control unit, with which the oscillation mode of the vibration exciter can be interrupted.
- the signaling device can thus intervene via the control in the working mode of the add-on compactor. If the required compression period has expired, the control unit signals the control to switch off the vibration mode of the vibration generator. This will be it is ensured that a shaking operation occurring beyond the end of the required compression period is avoided.
- electrical energy is usually required.
- it can be provided, for example, to provide a connection of the attachment compactor to the electrical system of an excavator.
- a converter for vibrations in electrical energy preference is given to using a converter for vibrations in electrical energy, the sensor device and / or the control unit and / or the signal device being supplied with electrical energy with the electrical energy obtained.
- Such known under the keyword "energy havester" converter for vibrations in electrical energy have the advantage of a small footprint and also contribute to increasing the efficiency of the cultivation compressor according to the invention.
- a further basic idea of the invention is finally found in an excavator comprising a drive motor, a control station, driving devices, an excavator arm and a mounted on a coupling device with the excavator extension cultivator with a bottom plate and a superstructure.
- the excavator is designed according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the signaling device provided for carrying out the method according to the invention may in particular also be arranged in the control station of the excavator. It goes without saying that then the control unit maintains a corresponding signal line to the signaling device, in particular wirelessly.
- the arrangement of the signaling device in the control station of the excavator has the advantage that this is often perceived as comfortable by the operator of the excavator. Furthermore, this ensures that the operator can perceive the display of the course of the required compression period, even if the attachment compressor is outside the field of view of the operator.
- an electrical connection line is present, which supplies the sensor system and / or the control unit and / or the signal device of the add-on compactor with electrical energy starting from the electrical system of the excavator.
- the attachment compactor of the excavator according to the invention is a cultivation compressor as described above.
- Essential elements of an excavator 1 are a traveling part 2 with driving devices, a machine part 3 rotatably mounted on the traveling part 2 with a control station 4 and a drive motor 5 and an excavator arm 6.
- the excavator arm 6 is formed in two parts in the present exemplary embodiment, comprising an inner first excavator arm 7 and an external excavator arm 8.
- the excavator arms 7 and 8 are adjustable via hydraulic cylinders 9 and 10.
- a cultivation compressor 11 is connected via a coupling device 12 with the excavator 6.
- the cultivation compressor 11 is pressed in the compression operation by means of the hydraulic cylinders 9 and 10 via the excavator 6 on the ground surface 13. Further details on essential elements of the attachment compressor 11 will be apparent from the FIG. 2 ,
- FIG. 2 first shows the second excavator 8 FIG. 1 with the cultivated attached compressor 11.
- Essential elements of the add-on compactor 11 are a bottom plate 14, a superstructure 15, a motor-driven vibration exciter 16 and the coupling device 12.
- the bottom plate 14 rests on the bottom surface 13 on its underside.
- the bottom plate 14 is connected via damping elements 17 to the superstructure 15.
- the coupling device 12 is arranged on the excavator arm 6 facing upper side of the superstructure 15.
- the drive of the vibration exciter 16 can take place, for example, via a hydraulic motor of the attachment compressor 11 connected to the hydraulic system (not shown in the figures) of the excavator 1.
- a control unit 18, a sensor device 19, a storage unit 20 and a signal device 21 are also provided. All of these components can be arranged on the attachment compressor 11. In addition or alternatively, however, it is also possible in particular to accommodate at least parts of the sensor device 19 and / or the signal device 21 elsewhere.
- the signaling device 21 may be designed as a mobile part in the form of a mobile terminal, which is arranged in the control station 4.
- the arrangement of the sensor device 19 can also vary and be integrated into the clutch device 12, for example.
- the sensor device 19 comprises at least one sensor element with which the contact force F exerted on the attachment compressor 11 by the excavator arm 6 or a variable correlating thereto can be measured.
- the sensor device 19 is connected to the control unit 18 via a signal line 22.
- signal lines 23 and 24 are provided, which establish a connection of the control unit to the memory unit 20.
- a further connection line 25 to the signaling device 21 is provided.
- a map 26 is stored in the memory unit 20.
- the characteristic diagram 26 represents the compression duration t with respect to the degree of compression D.
- the curves 27 represent the compression curve at different contact pressures or contact forces F1, F2, F3 and F4.
- F1 is the largest contact pressure
- F4 the lowest contact pressure in the map 26 again.
- the line Dmax shows the position of the theoretically maximum soil compaction.
- the map 26 thus illustrates that with increasing contact pressure, the compaction of the soil is faster.
- the map 26 also illustrates that the compression curves approach asymptotically the theoretically maximum soil compaction. This means that as the compaction time t progresses, the increase in soil compaction D becomes ever smaller.
- a degree of compaction DX is desired. Depending on the applied contact force F, this results in a required compression period t1 to t4 for each individual curve, taking account of the characteristic diagram 26. If the sensor device 19 thus measures, for example, a contact pressure F2, the control unit 18 determines, using the characteristic diagram 26, that the required compression duration requires the period t2.
- the decisive factor for the respective required compaction time can also be the sequence of an "efficient" compaction alternative to a desired (empirical) degree of compaction.
- the compression duration required for the respective contact force can then be determined, for example, by a gradient limit value of the respective compression curve. This ensures that work is always carried out in a time window with an effective soil compaction work.
- the control unit signals via the signal device 21 the flow of the currently required compression duration t2.
- the control unit controls the signal device 21 via the connecting line 25 and triggers, for example via the speaker 28, the output of an acoustic signal.
- the signal device 21 may also have an optical signal device 29.
- several signal lights 30 are arranged side by side within a bar. At the beginning of the compression process, all the signal lights 30 light up and decrease evenly over the required compression period t. When all signal lights 30 have gone out, the operator knows that the required compression time t2 has elapsed.
- a numeric display and / or a more colored display display etc. can be used here.
- a converter 31 for vibrations in electrical energy is present. In the present case, this supplies the control unit 18 with electrical energy.
- the converter 31 is arranged in particular on the bottom plate 14 and connected via a connecting line 32 to the control unit 18.
- a connecting line 33 may be provided, via which a power connection to an electrical system of the excavator 1 takes place.
- FIG. 2 further illustrates a specific preferred location of the signal device 21 on the attachment compressor 11.
- the reference numeral 21 ' the arrangement of the signaling device 21 is indicated on the upper side of the add-on compactor 11. Additionally or alternatively, the arrangement of a mobile signal device 21 "may be provided within the control station four, as in FIG. 1 specified. This signal device 21 "is connected to the control unit 18 via a wireless signal line.
- control unit 18 controls a motor controller 33 of the vibration generator 16 via a connecting line 34. This makes it possible to achieve the end of the required compression period t by stopping the generation of vibration by the vibration exciter 16.
- FIG. 3 Finally, illustrated essential steps of the method according to the invention 34 for soil compaction by means of a cultivation compressor, in particular the cultivation compressor 11 from the preceding FIGS. 1 and 2 ,
- step 35 at first the pressing action of the add-on compactor 11 on the soil substrate 13 to be compacted takes place via a bearing device, in particular via the coupling device, as the initial action of the compacting process 12 connected to the attachment compressor 11 excavator 6.
- step 36 then carried out a measuring force applied to the attachment compressor 11 by the bearing device 12 and the excavator 6 contact pressure F or a correlated with the contact force F measurement.
- a suitable sensor device 19 for example, a sensor device, as in FIG. 2 is specified in more detail.
- step 37 From the measured pressing force F or a measured variable correlated with the contact force F, the determination of the required compression duration t is now carried out in a next step 37. In concrete terms, this can be done, for example, according to step 38 by balancing the measured pressing force or the measured variable correlated with the contact force with a value table stored in a memory unit, a characteristic diagram 26 or a multiplicity of reference curves. If the compression duration t required for the specific application is determined, the compression process is continued until the respectively required compression duration t has expired. At least then, in step 39, the signal device 21 is actuated so that the operator of the add-on compactor 11 can recognize the course of the required compression duration T.
- FIG. 3 further illustrates the step 40, a further option of the method according to the invention.
- the steps 35-39 run cyclically.
- the event required for the restart in step 35 is the cancellation of the contact pressure and / or the lifting of the add-on compactor 11 from the ground surface 13 and / or the renewed pressing of the mounted compactor on the ground.
- the reset function thus obtained allows a particularly simple operation, since the entire system with the lifting of the add-on compactor 11 or with the renewed pressing of the add-on compactor 11 automatically starts again in step 35.
- An additional manual input is not required here.
- the re-pressing can be reliably detected, for example, by exceeding a predetermined contact pressure limit.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bodenverdichtung mit einem Anbauverdichter, einen Anbauverdichter sowie einen Bagger mit einem Anbauverdichter.The invention relates to a method for soil compaction with a cultivation compressor, a cultivation compressor and an excavator with a mounted compressor.
Ein so genannter Anbauverdichter ist ein Baggerzusatzgerät bzw. ein Baggeranbaugerät, welches insbesondere im Graben- und Rohrleitungsbau Verwendung findet. Solche Anbauverdichter sind beispielsweise in der
Wesentlich für einen effizienten Betrieb des Anbauverdichters ist die Dauer, mit der der Anbauverdichter im Schwingungsbetrieb auf die jeweilige Bodenstelle gedrückt wird. Einerseits muss dieser Vorgang so lange aufrechterhalten werden, bis eine gewünschte Bodenverdichtung erreicht wird. Je länger der Anbauverdichter auf den Bodenuntergrund einwirkt, desto weniger schreitet die Bodenverdichtung allerdings andererseits fort. Dies bedeutet, dass der Verdichtungsvorgang mit zunehmender Zeit uneffektiver wird. Diese Situation tritt insbesondere dann auf, wenn der Bagger den Anbauverdichter während des Verdichtungsvorgangs nicht nachdrückt. Der fortschreitend sich verdichtende Boden weicht dann nach unten aus, was den Verdichtungsvorgang und insbesondere lange Verdichtungsintervalle noch uneffizienter gestaltet.Essential for an efficient operation of the add-on compactor is the duration with which the add-on compactor is pressed in vibration mode to the respective ground location. On the one hand, this process must be maintained until a desired soil compaction is achieved. The longer the cultivating compressor acts on the ground, the less soil compaction progresses on the other hand. This means that the compression process becomes more ineffective with time. This situation occurs in particular when the excavator does not depress the mounted compactor during the compaction process. The progressively thickening Bottom then deviates downwards, which makes the compression process and in particular long compression intervals even more inefficient.
Im Stand der Technik ist es beispielsweise aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, eine einfache Möglichkeit anzugeben, die Bodenverdichtung mithilfe eines Anbauverdichters effizienter zu gestalten, ohne insbesondere dabei über den Verdichtungsvorgang hinweg den Verlauf der Bodenverdichtung sensorisch überwachen zu müssen.The object of the invention is now to provide a simple way to make the soil compaction using a cultivation compressor more efficient, especially without having to monitor the course of soil compaction through the compaction process away sensory.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe gelingt mit einem Verfahren zur Bodenverdichtung mithilfe eines Anbauverdichters, einem Anbauverdichter sowie einem Bagger mit einem Anbauverdichter gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The solution of the problem is achieved with a method for soil compaction using a mounted compressor, a mounted compactor and an excavator with a mounted compactor according to the independent claims. Preferred developments are specified in the dependent claims.
Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung liegt in der Erkenntnis, dass zum Erreichen befriedigender Bodenverdichtungsergebnisse die kontinuierliche Erfassung und Überwachung der aktuell vorliegenden Bodenverdichtung nicht erforderlich ist. Ausreichende Bodenverdichtungsergebnisse können vielmehr bereits nach bestimmten Zeitintervallen, in denen der Anbauverdichter den Bodenuntergrund verdichtet, erhalten werden. Wesentliche Einflussgröße für den Verdichtungsvorgang ist insbesondere die Anpresskraft, mit der der Anbauverdichter während des Verdichtungsvorgangs durch den Bagger auf den Bodenuntergrund gedrückt wird. Relevant ist hier bei den nachstehenden Ausführungen insbesondere der in Vertikalrichtung verlaufende Kraftanteil der Anpresskraft. Das Anpressen erfolgt bei einem mit einem Baggerarm verbundenen Anbauverdichter üblicherweise über den Baggerarm des Baggers. Je stärker der Anbauverdichter zu Beginn des Verdichtungsvorgangs über den Baggerarm auf den Bodenuntergrund angedrückt wird, desto kürzer ist das zum Erreichen einer ausreichenden Bodenverdichtung erforderliche Arbeitsintervall. Eine über dieses Arbeitsintervall hinausgehende Bodenverdichtung ist ineffizient, da die dann zu erreichende Zunahme der Bodenverdichtung minimal ist und in keinem Verhältnis zum, insbesondere zeitlichen, Arbeitsaufwand steht. Wie dieses Arbeitsintervall in Abhängigkeit von der Anpresskraft jeweils bemessen ist, kann insbesondere empirisch durch Labor- und/oder Feldversuche ermittelt werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist es somit vorgesehen, dass im laufenden Verdichtungsprozess die vorliegende Bodenverdichtung nicht ermittelt wird. Die Zeitdauer, mit der der Anbauverdichter pro Verdichtungsintervall auf den Bodenuntergrund aufgedrückt wird, erfolgt vielmehr vereinfacht ausschließlich in Abhängigkeit von der Anpresskraft. Nach Ablauf dieses festgelegten Verdichtungsintervalls wird beim vorliegenden erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren somit davon ausgegangen, dass eine ausreichende Bodenverdichtung erfolgt ist bzw. eine Fortsetzung des aktuellen Verdichtungsintervalls nicht mehr effizient ist. Dadurch kann der Betrieb des Anbauverdichters bei vergleichsweise einfachem Aufbau erheblich effizienter durchgeführt werden, da der Bediener des Anbauverdichters eine einfache und klare Richtschnur an die Hand erhält, wie lange er den jeweiligen Verdichtungsschritt effektiv durchführen muss.The basic idea of the invention lies in the realization that in order to achieve satisfactory soil compaction results the continuous detection and monitoring of the present soil compaction is not required. On the contrary, sufficient soil compaction results can already be obtained after certain time intervals in which the cultivation compactor compacts the soil subsoil. Significant influencing factor for the compression process is in particular the contact pressure with which the attachment compressor is pressed by the excavator on the ground during the compaction process. Relevant here in the following statements in particular extending in the vertical direction force component of the contact pressure. The pressing is done in a connected to an excavator attachment compactor usually on the excavator arm of the excavator. The harder the crop compactor is pressed on the soil surface via the excavator arm at the beginning of the compaction process, the shorter is the working interval required to achieve adequate soil compaction. An over this working interval soil compaction is inefficient, since the then to be achieved increase in soil compaction is minimal and is out of proportion to, especially temporal, labor costs. As This working interval is in each case dimensioned as a function of the contact pressure, can be determined in particular empirically by laboratory and / or field tests. According to the invention, it is thus provided that in the current compression process, the present soil compaction is not determined. The period of time with which the add-on compactor is pressed onto the soil underground per compaction interval is effected in a simplified manner exclusively as a function of the contact pressure. After expiration of this specified compression interval, it is therefore assumed in the present inventive method that sufficient soil compaction has taken place or that a continuation of the current compaction interval is no longer efficient. As a result, the operation of the attached compactor can be carried out considerably more efficiently with a comparatively simple structure, since the operator of the add-on compactor gets a simple and clear guideline on the hand, how long he has to effectively perform the respective compaction step.
Konkret umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Bodenverdichtung mithilfe eines Anbauverdichters somit die Schritte A) Anpressen des Anbauverdichters auf den zu verdichtenden Bodenuntergrund über eine Lagereinrichtung, B) Messen der auf den Anbauverdichter durch die Lagereinrichtung ausgeübten Anpresskraft oder einer mit der Anpresskraft korrelierenden Messgröße, C) Ermitteln einer erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer in Abhängigkeit von der gemessenen Anpresskraft oder der mit der Anpresskraft korrelierenden Messgröße und D) Betätigen einer Signaleinrichtung wenigstens beim Ablauf der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer. Im Arbeitsbetrieb wird der Anbauverdichter üblicherweise mithilfe des Baggerarms, der über die Lagereinrichtung mit dem Anbauverdichter verbunden ist, im Wesentlichen in Vertikalrichtung von oben kommend auf den Bodenuntergrund aufgedrückt. Dies kann beispielsweise über bekannte hydraulische Stelleinrichtungen zur Bewegung des Baggerarms erfolgen. Erfindungsgemäß ist es nun vorgesehen, dass die über die Lagereinrichtung auf den Anbauverdichter ausgeübte Anpresskraft ermittelt wird. Dies kann über eine direkte Kraftmessung oder durch Bestimmung einer mit der Anpresskraft korrelierenden Messgröße, wie beispielsweise dem Hydraulikdruck, der Aufstandskraft des Anbauverdichters auf dem Bodenuntergrund, über einen Sensor generierte Spannung -und/oder Verformungssignale etc. erfolgen. Wesentlich ist, dass eine dahingehende Feststellung möglich ist, ob der Anbauverdichter mit einer verhältnismäßig großen oder einer verhältnismäßig geringen Anpresskraft auf den Bodenuntergrund aufgedrückt wird. Relevant ist dabei vorliegend insbesondere die in Vertikalrichtung verlaufende Anpresskraft bzw. der Vertikalanteil der Anpresskraft auf den Anbauverdichter. Je größer die Anpresskraft ist, desto geringer bzw. kürzer ist die erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer, die zum Erreichen einer gewünschten Bodenverdichtung erforderlich ist. Die "erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer" gibt dabei vorliegend ein Zeitfenster an, innerhalb dessen aufgrund beispielsweise empirischer Untersuchungen noch eine effiziente Verdichtung des Bodens erfolgt. Die "erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer" führt dabei in der Regel nicht zu der theoretisch maximalen Bodenverdichtung. Die "erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer" ist vielmehr vorzugsweise derart bemessen, dass innerhalb dieses Zeitintervalls Bodenverdichtungsvorgänge in nennenswertem und praktisch relevantem Umfang auftreten. Dadurch wird einerseits sichergestellt, dass innerhalb des Zeitfensters der "erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer" befriedigende Verdichtungsergebnisse erhalten werden und gleichzeitig eine unwirtschaftliche überlange Bodenverdichtung vermieden wird. Wie groß die für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall "erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer" konkret bemessen wird, kann im Einzelfall variieren und beispielsweise vom Nutzer durch Vorgabe eines gewünschten Mindestbodenverdichtungsgrades vorgegeben werden. Hierzu kann im praktischen Einsatz beispielsweise die sogenannte Proctordichte nach DIN 18127 herangezogen werden. Ist somit die ausgeübte Anpresskraft oder die mit der Anpresskraft korrelierende Messgröße bestimmt, wird unter Rückgriff auf bekannte und beispielsweise in einer Speichereinheit hinterlegte Referenzen die für die jeweilige ausgeübte Anpresskraft oder die mit der Anpresskraft korrelierende Messgröße erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer ermittelt. Wesentlich für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist schließlich auch das Betätigen einer Signaleinrichtung wenigstens beim Ablauf der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer. Dadurch wird dem Bediener signalisiert, wenn er sinnvollerweise den aktuellen Verdichtungsvorgang abbrechen und beispielsweise an anderer Stelle oder durch ein erneutes Ansetzen des Bodenverdichters einen neuen Verdichtungsvorgang starten sollte. Der Bediener des Anbauverdichters bekommt auf diese Weise eine einfache und effiziente Möglichkeit an die Hand, den Betrieb des Anbauverdichters soweit zu optimieren, dass die einzelnen Verdichtungsintervalle ausreichend lang aber eben auch nicht zu lang sind. Dazu ist es primär wichtig, dass ihm der Ablauf der sinnvollen Verdichtungsdauer in irgendeiner Form signalisiert wird. Dies wird nachstehend noch näher beschrieben werden.Specifically, the inventive method for soil compaction using a mounted compressor thus comprises the steps A) pressing the cultivation compactor on the soil to be compacted on a storage facility, B) measuring the force applied to the attachment compressor by the bearing means contact pressure or a correlated with the contact force measurement, C) determining a required compression duration as a function of the measured pressing force or the measured variable correlating with the contact pressure, and D) actuating a signaling device at least at the end of the required compression period. In working operation, the attachment compactor is usually pressed by means of the excavator arm, which is connected via the bearing device with the attachment compressor, coming in substantially vertical direction from above on the ground. This can be done for example via known hydraulic adjusting devices for moving the excavator. According to the invention, it is now provided that the contact force exerted on the attachment compressor via the bearing device is determined. This can be done via a direct force measurement or by determining a correlated with the contact force measurement, such as hydraulic pressure, the contact force of the attachment compressor on the ground, via a sensor generated voltage and / or deformation signals, etc. It is essential that a pertinent statement is possible, whether the cultivation compressor is pressed with a relatively large or a relatively low contact force on the ground. In the present case, what is relevant in particular is the contact pressure force or the vertical component of the contact force running in the vertical direction on the add-on compactor. The greater the contact pressure, the lower or shorter is the required compression time required to achieve a desired soil compaction. In this case, the "required compaction period" indicates a time window within which, for example, based on empirical investigations still an efficient compaction of the soil takes place. As a rule, the "required compaction time" does not lead to the theoretically maximum soil compaction. Rather, the "required compaction time" is preferably such that soil compaction processes occur to a significant and practically relevant extent within this time interval. This ensures, on the one hand, that satisfactory compression results are obtained within the time window of the "required compression period" and, at the same time, an uneconomical overlong soil compaction is avoided. The size of the specific "compaction time required" for the particular application can be varied on a case-by-case basis and predetermined, for example, by the user by specifying a desired minimum soil compaction level. For this purpose, in practice, for example, the so-called Proctor density according to DIN 18127 can be used. Thus, if the applied contact force or the measured variable correlating with the contact force is determined, the compaction period required for the respective applied contact force or the measured variable correlating with the contact force is determined by reference to known references stored in a memory unit, for example. Finally, it is also essential for the method according to the invention to actuate a signal device at least when the required compression period has elapsed. This signals to the operator if it makes sense to abort the current compaction process and, for example, start a new compaction process elsewhere or by re-applying the soil compactor. The operator of the add-on compactor thus gets a simple and efficient way to optimize the operation of the add-on compactor to such an extent that the individual compaction intervals are long enough but not too long. For this it is primarily important that the expiration of the meaningful compression period is signaled to him in any form. This will be described in more detail below.
Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es bevorzugt, wenn wesentliche Schritte durch eine gemeinsame Steuereinheit koordiniert werden. Konkret ist es hierzu vorgesehen, dass ein Weiterleiten der im vorstehend genannten Schritt B) gemessenen Anpresskraft oder der mit der Anpresskraft korrelieren Messgröße an diese Steuereinheit erfolgt. Die Steuereinheit erhält somit zunächst die für die Auswahl der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer entscheidende Informationen. Weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn zudem die Schritte C) und/oder D) ebenfalls durch die Steuereinheit gesteuert werden. Die Steuereinheit stellt somit vorzugsweise die zentrale Schnittstelle einerseits zur Verarbeitung der für die Auswahl der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer relevanten Informationen "Anpresskraft" oder "mit der Anpresskraft korrelierende Messgröße" und andererseits für die Ermittlung und Festlegung der "erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer" sowie der Betätigung der Signaleinrichtung dar. Idealerweise ist die Steuereinheit dabei am Anbauverdichter angeordnet, um eine möglichst zentrale und vom jeweiligen Bagger unabhängige Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zu ermöglichen.To carry out the method according to the invention, it is preferred if essential steps are coordinated by a common control unit. Specifically, it is provided for this purpose that a forwarding of the contact force measured in the above-mentioned step B) or the measured variable correlated with the contact force takes place to this control unit. The control unit thus initially receives the information which is decisive for the selection of the required compression duration. Furthermore, it is preferred if, in addition, steps C) and / or D) are also controlled by the control unit. The control unit thus preferably provides the central interface, on the one hand, for processing the information "pressing force" or "measuring force correlating with the contact force" for selecting the required compression duration and, on the other hand, for determining and determining the "required compression duration" and for actuating the signaling device Ideally, the control unit is arranged on the attachment compressor in order to enable as central as possible and independent of the respective excavator implementation of the method according to the invention.
Die konkrete Ermittlung beziehungsweise Festlegung der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer kann ebenfalls auf unterschiedliche Arten und Weisen erfolgen. So kann beispielsweise im einfachsten Fall die ermittelte Anpresskraft oder die mit der Anpresskraft korrelierende Größe mit einem festgelegten Faktor multipliziert werden. Im Hinblick auf das Verdichtungsergebnis bessere Ergebnisse lassen sich allerdings dadurch erreichen, wenn im Schritt C) ein Abgleichen der gemessenen Anpresskraft oder der mit der Anpresskraft korrelieren Größe mit einer in einer Speichereinheit hinterlegten Wertetabelle, einem Kennfeld oder einer Vielzahl an Referenzkurven erfolgt. Die Wertetabelle ist dabei beispielsweise unterteilt in die Größen "Anpresskraft" und "erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer", sodass bei bekannter Anpresskraft lediglich die entsprechende erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer zugewiesen werden muss. Ein mögliches Kennfeld gibt beispielsweise den Verlauf der erhaltenen Bodenverdichtung, beispielsweise der Proctordichte, in Abhängigkeit von der Anpresskraft gegenüber der Verdichtungsdauer wieder. Die Verwendung eines Kennfeldes bietet insofern den Vorteil, als dass hier leicht Variationen im Hinblick auf die gewünschte Bodenverdichtung möglich sind. Alternativ zu einem Kennfeld kann auch auf eine Vielzahl an Referenzkurven zurückgegriffen werden, die jeweils den Verlauf der Bodenverdichtung, insbesondere der Proctordichte, ausgehend von einer Anpresskraft in Abhängigkeit von der Verdichtungsdauer angeben. Die in der Speichereinheit hinterlegte Wertetabelle bzw. das Kennfeld oder die Vielzahl an Referenzkurven kann entweder bedienerseitig vorgegeben werden oder wird vorzugsweise ab Werk in der Speichereinheit hinterlegt. Die hierzu erforderlichen Daten beruhen insbesondere auf empirischen Labor- und/oder Feldversuchen.The concrete determination or determination of the required compaction period can also be done in different ways. Thus, for example, in the simplest case, the determined contact pressure or the size correlating with the contact force can be multiplied by a specified factor. However, better results with regard to the compression result can be achieved if, in step C), the measured contact force or the variable correlated with the contact force is matched with a value table, a characteristic field or a multiplicity of reference curves stored in a storage unit. The table of values is, for example, subdivided into the variables "contact force" and "required compression duration", so that with known contact force only the corresponding required compression duration must be assigned. For example, a possible characteristic map shows the course of the soil compaction obtained, for example the Proctor density, as a function of the contact pressure with respect to the compaction time. The use of a map offers the advantage that it is easy to make variations in terms of the desired soil compaction. As an alternative to a characteristic diagram, reference can also be made to a multiplicity of reference curves, which in each case indicate the profile of the soil compaction, in particular the Proctor density, starting from a contact pressure as a function of the compaction period. The value table or the characteristic field or the plurality of reference curves stored in the memory unit can either be specified by the user or is preferably stored in the memory unit ex works. The data required for this purpose are based in particular on empirical laboratory and / or field tests.
Die erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer stellt eine im Hinblick auf das gewünschte Verdichtungsergebnis individuelle Größe dar. Wesentlich ist dabei zunächst, dass bei konstanter Energieeinbringung in den Boden, die Verdichtung des Bodens logarithmisch mit der Anzahl der Lastwechsel zunimmt. Wird dabei beispielsweise davon ausgegangen, dass eine theoretisch maximale Bodenverdichtung mit 100 % gleichgesetzt wird, entspricht die "erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer" bevorzugt derjenigen Zeitspanne, in der mit der gemessenen Anpresskraft oder mit der zur Anpresskraft korrelierende Größe wenigstens 70 %, insbesondere wenigstens 80 % und ganz besonders wenigstens 85 % der maximal möglichen Bodenverdichtung erreicht wird. Da eine theoretisch maximale Bodenverdichtung naturgemäß aber nicht erreicht werden kann, hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, bei der Festlegung der jeweils erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer auf analoge Parameter zurückzugreifen. Eine bevorzugte Möglichkeit ist beispielsweise eine Angabe der Bodenverdichtung mittels eines Verdichtungsgrads Dpr [%] (bzw. nachstehend auch als Verdichtungsgrad Q bezeichnet). Dieser prozentuale Verdichtungsgrad beschreibt die Raumdichte im Vergleich zum standardisierten Proctorversuch gemäß DIN 18127, auf den hiermit Bezug genommen wird. Der Versuch dient der Abschätzung der auf Baustellen erreichbaren Dichte und dem Überprüfen ausgeführter Verdichtungsarbeiten. Mit dem Proctorversuch wird ermittelt, bei welchem Wassergehalt der Boden bei konstanter Verdichtungsenergie optimal verdichtet werden kann. Die entsprechenden Kennwerte sind die Proctordichte und der optimale Wassergehalt. Der Verdichtungsgrad ist der Quotient aus Trockendichte des Bodens und der im Labor bestimmten Proctordichte. Wesentlich ist, dass beim Proctorversuch ein Referenzboden in ein Gefäß eingefüllt und mit definierter Arbeit durch ein Fallgewicht über eine bestimmte Anzahl von Verdichtungsschlägen verdichtet wird. Die dabei erzielten Trockendichten werden in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt als sog. Proctorkurve aufgetragen und daraus die maximale Dichte und der optimale Wassergehalt ermittelt. Die erfindungsgemäß erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer wir daher vorliegend bevorzugt auch derart festgelegt, dass sie dem Zeitintervall entspricht, in dem ein Versdichtungsgrad (in Prozent der Proctordichte) von 95%, insbesondere 98% und ganz besonders 100% erreicht wird.The required compaction time represents an individual variable with regard to the desired compaction result. What is essential here is first that with constant energy input into the soil, the compaction of the soil increases logarithmically with the number of load changes. If, for example, it is assumed that a theoretically maximum soil compaction is equated with 100%, the "required compaction period" preferably corresponds to that period of time in which at least 70%, in particular at least 80% and completely, corresponds to the measured contact force or to the force correlating to the contact force especially at least 85% of the maximum possible soil compaction is achieved. However, since a theoretically maximum soil compaction can not be achieved by nature, it has proved expedient to resort to analog parameters in determining the required compaction time. A preferred option is, for example, an indication of soil compaction by means of a degree of compaction Dpr [%] (or hereinafter referred to as the degree of compaction Q). This percentage degree of compaction describes the volume density in comparison to the standardized Proctor test according to DIN 18127, to which reference is hereby made. The test is intended to estimate the density that can be achieved on construction sites and to verify that the compaction work has been carried out. With the Proctor test it is determined at which water content the soil can be optimally compacted with constant compaction energy. The corresponding characteristic values are the Proctor density and the optimum water content. The degree of compaction is the quotient of the soil dry density and the proctor density determined in the laboratory. It is essential that the Proctor test a reference bottom is filled into a vessel and compacted with defined work by a drop weight over a certain number of compression strokes. Depending on the water content, the resulting dry densities are plotted as a so-called proctor curve, from which the maximum density and the optimum water content are determined. In the present case, the compaction period required according to the invention is therefore preferably also determined such that it corresponds to the time interval in which a degree of densification (in percent of the Proctor density) of 95%, in particular 98% and very particularly 100% is achieved.
Der Verdichtungsvorgang gelingt am Schnellsten, wenn ein möglichst hoher Anpressdruck ausgeübt wird. Diese hohe Anpresskraft lässt sich aber nicht immer realisieren, da die Dämpfungselemente zwischen Grundplatte und Oberbau des Anbauverdichters nur auf eine bestimmte Maximallast ausgelegt sind. Der Versuch, die Anpresskraft über diese Maximallast hinaus weiter zu steigern, führt dazu, dass Schutzelemente wie Überlastanschläge zum Eingriff kommen und die schwingungsdämpfende Wirkung der Dämpfungselemente stark vermindert wird. Bei großem Abstand des Verdichters vom Bagger kann hingegen nur eine verminderte Anpresskraft ausgeübt werden, da die Abstützung lediglich über das Eigengewicht des Baggers erfolgt. Die Positionierung des Baggers in Relation zum Anbauverdichter ist nicht immer optimal möglich, weil z.B. die räumlichen Verhältnisse auf der Baustelle dies nicht zulassen. Der lange Hebelarm eines gegebenenfalls ausgestreckten Baggerarms verringert die mögliche Anpresskraft je nach Baggerarmgeometrie teils erheblich. Durch die fortlaufende Setzung bzw. Verdichtung des Bodens muss der Baggerarm zudem häufig permanent nachgeführt werden, um den gewünschten hohen Anpressdruck aufrechtzuerhalten. Aus dem Vorgenannten ergibt sich, dass es praktisch nur selten möglich ist, den maximalen Anpressdruck konstant bei jedem Verdichtungsvorgang aufzubringen. Es ist zudem für den Maschinenbediener nur schwer möglich, die unterschiedlich hohen Anpresskräfte einzuschätzen und insbesondere ist es für den Bediener schwierig, den Einfluss auf die Verdichtungseffizienz richtig abzuschätzen. Daher ist es hilfreich, wenn die tatsächliche wirksame Anpresskraft direkt oder indirekt gemessen wird, und ihr Einfluss auf die Verdichtung signalisiert wird. So kann bei günstigen hohen Anpresskräften eine unnötig lange Verdichtung vermieden werden und bei verminderter Anpresskraft die dann erforderliche längere Verdichtungszeit entsprechend angezeigt werden.The compaction process succeeds fastest when the highest possible contact pressure is exerted. However, this high contact pressure can not always be realized because the damping elements between the base plate and the superstructure of the add-on compactor are designed only for a specific maximum load. Attempting to increase the contact force beyond this maximum load leads to the fact that protective elements such as overload stops are engaged and the vibration damping effect of the damping elements is greatly reduced. With a large distance of the compressor from the excavator, however, only a reduced contact pressure can be exercised, since the support is only about the weight of the excavator. The positioning of the excavator in relation to the mounted compactor is not always optimally possible because, for example, the spatial conditions on the construction site do not allow this. The long lever arm of an optionally extended excavator arm reduces the possible contact pressure depending on the Excavator arm geometry sometimes considerably. Due to the continuous settlement or compaction of the soil, the excavator arm must also frequently be permanently tracked in order to maintain the desired high contact pressure. It follows from the above that it is practically seldom possible to apply the maximum contact pressure constantly during each compression process. In addition, it is difficult for the machine operator to assess the different levels of contact pressure and, in particular, it is difficult for the operator to correctly estimate the influence on the compression efficiency. Therefore, it is helpful if the actual effective contact force is measured directly or indirectly, and their influence is signaled to the compression. Thus, at low high contact forces an unnecessarily long compression can be avoided and with reduced contact force the then required longer compression time can be displayed accordingly.
Hinsichtlich des Schritts D) sind ebenfalls alternative Möglichkeiten denkbar und bevorzugt, die auch miteinander kombinierbar sind. Im Betrieb bzw. während der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es für den Bediener komfortabel, wenn er ungefähr abschätzen kann, wie lange der jeweilige Verdichtungsschritt dauern wird. Es ist daher bevorzugt, wenn die Signaleinrichtung nicht nur den Ablauf der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer anzeigt, sondern eines der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer entsprechenden optischen Countdowns ermöglicht. Ein solcher optischer Countdown kann beispielsweise in einer Vielzahl von in einer Reihe nebeneinander angeordneten Lämpchen verwirklicht werden, die nacheinander an oder nacheinander ausgehen. Ein solcher optischer Countdown kann insbesondere auch durch ein Anzeigen eines der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer insgesamt entsprechenden verbleibenden Zeitintervalls bestehen. Hier läuft somit ausgehend von der ermittelten erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer die tatsächliche Zeit über eine Ziffernanzeige bis auf null runter. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann es vorgesehen sein, dass lediglich eine Signalleuchte beim Ablauf der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer aufleuchtet oder alternativ abgeschaltet wird. Besser ist jedoch das Anzeigen einer Ampelfunktion in Abhängigkeit von der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer. Diese Ampelfunktion kann beispielsweise derart ausgelegt sein, dass, solange der Verdichtungsvorgang aufrechterhalten werden soll, ein grünes Licht aufleuchtet und beim Erreichen der Verdichtungsdauer das grüne Licht erlischt und ein rotes Licht aufleuchtet. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann der Ablauf der Verdichtungsdauer auch über das Ausgeben eines akustischen Signals erfolgen, sobald die erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer abgelaufen ist. Ein solches Signal kann beispielsweise ein Hupton oder Ähnliches sein. Es ist ergänzend oder alternativ auch möglich, dass die Signalisierung des Ablaufs der Verdichtungsdauer direkt in die Steuerung des Anbauverdichters eingreift. Insbesondere kann dies beispielsweise über ein Stoppen einer Vibrationsfunktion des Anbauverdichters, die vorzugsweise über die Steuereinheit ausgelöst wird, erfolgen. Hört der Anbauverdichter somit auf zu rütteln, weiß der Bediener, dass die erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer abgelaufen ist. Es ganz zudem ergänzend oder alternativ vorgesehen sein, dass die Anzeige der momentan erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer/Verdichtungsgeschwindigkeit entsprechend dem Anpressdruck durch eine schnellere oder langsamere Blinkfrequenz eines Leuchtelements erfolgt. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Blinkfrequenz mit steigender Annährung an den Ablauf des festgelegten Zeitintervalls steigt und bei Ablauf des festgelegten Zeitintervalls eine kontinuierliche Anzeige (d.h. ohne Blinken) erfolgt.With regard to step D), alternative options are also conceivable and preferred, which can also be combined with one another. During operation or during the implementation of the method according to the invention, it is convenient for the operator if he can estimate approximately how long the respective compaction step will take. It is therefore preferred if the signal device not only indicates the expiry of the required compression duration, but enables an optical countdown corresponding to the required compression duration. Such an optical countdown can, for example, be realized in a multiplicity of lamps which are arranged next to one another in a row and which start one after the other or one after the other. Such an optical countdown can in particular also consist of displaying a total time interval corresponding to the required compression duration. Here, starting from the determined compaction time, the actual time runs down to zero via a numeric display. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that only a signal light illuminates when the required compression period expires or alternatively is switched off. However, it is better to display a traffic light function depending on the required compression duration. This traffic light function can be designed, for example, such that, as long as the compression process is to be maintained, a green light lights up and when reaching the compression duration the green light goes out and a red light comes on. Additionally or alternatively, the expiration of the compression duration can also take place via the output of an acoustic signal as soon as the required compression period has expired. Such a signal may be, for example, a horn or the like. It is additionally or alternatively also possible that the signaling of the end of the compression period engages directly in the control of the add-on compactor. In particular, this can be done for example by stopping a vibration function of the add-on compactor, which is preferably triggered by the control unit. If the add-on compactor stops shaking, the operator knows that the required compaction time has expired. It may also be provided additionally or alternatively that the display of the currently required compression period / compression speed takes place in accordance with the contact pressure by a faster or slower flashing frequency of a lighting element. It may also be provided that the flashing frequency increases with increasing approach to the expiration of the specified time interval and at the end of the specified time interval, a continuous display (ie without flashing) takes place.
Um die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besonders effizient gestalten zu können, ist vorzugsweise eine Reset-Funktion vorhanden, derart, dass selbsttätig bei einem Entlasten und insbesondere Anheben des Anbauverdichters vom Bodenuntergrund die Schritte A) bis D) in dieser Reihenfolge erneut ablaufen, insbesondere wenn der Anbauverdichter neu angesetzt wird, was beispielsweise durch ein Ansteigen der Anpresskraft oder einer damit korrelierenden Größe erkennbar ist. Die Reset-Funktion sorgt somit dafür, dass die Schritte A) bis D) zyklisch ablaufen, ohne dass insbesondere das Messen, Ermitteln und Betätigen der Signaleinrichtung gemäß der Schritte B) bis D) vom Bediener jeweils manuell neu gestartet werden muss. Auslöser ist hierbei vielmehr bevorzugt entweder das Entlasten des Anbauverdichters und/oder die Detektion eines neuen Anpressvorgangs.In order to be able to make the implementation of the method particularly efficient, preferably a reset function is present such that automatically when relieving and especially lifting the attachment compactor from the ground subsides steps A) to D) again in this order, especially if the Cultivation compressor is recalculated, which can be seen for example by an increase in the contact pressure or a correlating size. The reset function thus ensures that steps A) to D) run cyclically without in particular the measurement, determination and operation of the signaling device according to steps B) to D) each have to be manually restarted by the operator. Reason here is rather preferred either the relieving the add-on compactor and / or the detection of a new Anpressvorgangs.
Grundsätzlich muss zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens nicht unmittelbar auf die Ermittlung der konkreten Anpresskraft zurückgegriffen werden. Hier kommen auch mit der Anpresskraft korrelierende Messgrößen infrage. Wesentlich ist zunächst, dass eine Aussage dahingehend möglich ist, ob der Anbauverdichter mit einer großen oder mit einer kleinen Anpresskraft auf den Bodenuntergrund gedrückt wird. Eine alternative und mit der Anpresskraft korrelierende Messgröße kann somit beispielsweise der Hydraulikdruck eines Stellzylinders des Baggerarms sein. Je größer der Hydraulikdruck innerhalb des Stellzylinders ist, desto stärker wird der Anbauverdichter auf den Bodenuntergrund aufgedrückt. Grundsätzlich kann daher auch auf geeignete elektrische Spannungssignale eines Sensorelementes zurückgegriffen werden, die mit der Anpresskraft korrelieren. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann auch bei Kenntnis der Stellung des Baggerarms die Anpresskraft aus dem Druck eines oder mehrerer Hydraulikzylinder des Baggerarms errechnet werden. Möglich ist auch der Rückgriff auf die Messung eines Entlastungsdrucks oder einer Entlastungskraft an wenigstens einer Fahreinrichtung des Baggers. Je stärker der Anbauverdichter auf den Bodenuntergrund gedrückt wird, desto stärker oder schwächer wird eine der üblicherweise wenigstens zwei Fahreinrichtungen belastet. Dies kann bei der Verwendung eines drehbaren Baggeroberbaus mit der jeweiligen Drehstellung variieren und wird bei dieser Alternative zur Ermittlung der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer mit berücksichtigt. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann auch auf ein Wegsignal an einem elastischen Verbindungselement zwischen einer Bodenplatte und einem Oberbau des Anbauverdichters zurückgegriffen werden. Der Oberbau des Anbauverdichters ist üblicherweise über elastische Dämpfungselemente mit der im Kontakt mit dem Bodenuntergrund stehenden Bodenplatte des Anbauverdichters verbunden. Je stärker der Anbauverdichter auf den Bodenuntergrund gedrückt wird, desto höher ist die Belastung am elastischen Verbindungselement. Daraus ergibt sich, dass auch die Verformung des elastischen Verbindungselementes mit der Anpresskraft korreliert und somit als Referenzgröße zur Ermittlung der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer herangezogen werden kann. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann auch die Aufstandskraft des Bodenverdichters auf dem Bodenuntergrund als zur Anpresskraft korrelierende Größe herangezogen werden Grundsätzlich können auch Dehnungsmessungen an im Kraftfluss liegenden Bauteilen über beispielsweise Dehnungsmessstreifen oder Dehnungsaufnehmern in an sich bekannter Weise erfolgen. Eine Bestimmung der Dehnung oder Stauchung ist auch im Kraftnebenschluss möglich, da die vorliegend notwendige Genauigkeit nicht sehr hoch ist.In principle, it is not necessary to resort directly to the determination of the concrete pressing force for carrying out the method according to the invention. Here are also correlated with the contact force measured variables. It is essential first of all that a statement is possible as to whether the add-on compactor is pressed onto the ground with a large or a small contact pressure. An alternative and correlated with the contact force measurement may thus be, for example, the hydraulic pressure of an actuating cylinder of the excavator. The larger the hydraulic pressure within the actuator cylinder, the stronger the attachment compressor is pressed onto the ground. In principle, therefore, it is also possible to resort to suitable electrical voltage signals of a sensor element, which correlate with the contact force. Additionally or alternatively, even when the position of the excavator arm is known, the contact pressure force can be calculated from the pressure of one or more hydraulic cylinders of the excavator arm. It is also possible to use the measurement of a relief pressure or a relief force on at least one driving device of the excavator. The stronger the cultivation compactor is pressed onto the ground, the stronger or weaker one of the usually at least two driving devices is loaded. This may vary with the use of a rotary excavator superstructure with the respective rotational position and is taken into account in this alternative to determine the required compression duration. In addition or as an alternative, a path signal can also be used on an elastic connecting element between a base plate and a superstructure of the add-on compactor. The superstructure of the add-on compactor is usually connected via elastic damping elements with the standing in contact with the ground surface bottom plate of the add-on compactor. The more the cultivation compactor is pressed onto the ground, the higher the load on the elastic connecting element. It follows that the deformation of the elastic connecting element correlated with the contact pressure and thus as a reference to the Determination of the required compression period can be used. In addition or alternatively, the contact force of the soil compactor on the ground surface can be used as the size correlating to the contact force. In principle, strain measurements on components lying in the force flow can also be carried out in a manner known per se, for example via strain gauges or strain transducers. A determination of the elongation or compression is also possible in the force shunt, since the present required accuracy is not very high.
Ein weiterer Grundgedanke der Erfindung liegt in einem Anbauverdichter, insbesondere zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Ein gattungsgemäßer Anbauverdichter umfasst eine Bodenplatte, einen motorisch angetriebenen Schwingungserreger, mit dem die Bodenplatte in Schwingungen versetzbar ist, einen Oberbau, der mit der Bodenplatte verbunden ist, und eine Kupplungseinrichtung, die zur Ankopplung eines Baggerarms ausgebildet ist. Bei dem motorisch angetriebenen Schwingungserreger kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Unwuchteinrichtung zur Erzeugung der gewünschten Schwingungen handeln. Der motorische Antrieb des Schwingungserregers kann über einen durch das Hydrauliksystem des Baggers gespeisten Hydraulikmotor oder durch einen alternativen Antriebsmotor realisiert werden. Für die Erfindung wesentlich ist nun, dass zunächst eine Sensoreinrichtung vorhanden ist, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass mit ihr eine Anpresskraft des Baggerarms auf den Anbauverdichter oder einer mit der Anpresskraft korrelierenden Größe bestimmbar ist. Letzteres kann beispielsweise auch die Anpresskraft des Anbauverdichters auf den Bodenuntergrund oder eine mit dieser Anpresskraft korrelierende Größe sein. Im Hinblick auf die Anpresskraft bzw. die mit der Anpresskraft korrelierende Größe wird auf die vorstehenden Ausführungen zum erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren Bezug genommen. Ferner ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass auch eine Steuereinheit vorhanden ist, die anhand der ermittelten Anpresskraft oder anhand der mit der Anpresskraft korrelierenden Größe eine erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer festgelegt, und dass eine Signaleinrichtung vorhanden ist, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie wenigstens den Ablauf der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer anzeigt. Hinsichtlich der konkreten Ausbildung und Funktionsweise der Steuereinheit, der Ermittlung und Festlegung der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer sowie der Funktionsweise der Signaleinrichtung wird ebenfalls auf die vorhergehenden Ausführungen Bezug genommen. Dabei ist es bevorzugt, wenn sämtliche der genannten Elemente als geschlossenes System am Anbauverdichter angeordnet sind. Dies ermöglicht insbesondere die Nutzung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens unabhängig von der Ausbildung des jeweiligen mit dem Anbauverdichter im Arbeitsprozess verbundenen Baggers.Another basic idea of the invention lies in a cultivation compressor, in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention. A generic crop compactor comprises a bottom plate, a motor-driven vibration generator, with which the bottom plate is set into oscillations, a superstructure, which is connected to the bottom plate, and a coupling device which is designed for coupling an excavator. The motor-driven vibration exciter can be, for example, an unbalance device for generating the desired vibrations. The motor drive of the vibration exciter can be realized via a hydraulic motor powered by the hydraulic system of the excavator or by an alternative drive motor. For the invention is now essential that initially a sensor device is provided, which is designed such that with her a contact pressure of the excavator on the add-on compactor or correlated with the contact pressure size can be determined. The latter may be, for example, the contact pressure of the attachment compactor on the ground or a size correlating with this contact force. With regard to the contact force or the size correlating with the contact force, reference is made to the above statements regarding the method according to the invention. Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention that a control unit is also provided which determines a required compression duration on the basis of the determined pressing force or on the basis of the contact pressure force, and that a signal device is provided which is designed such that it at least completes the required sequence Density time displays. With regard to the specific design and mode of operation of the control unit, the determination and definition of the required compression duration and the mode of operation of the signaling device, reference is likewise made to the preceding statements. It is preferred if all of said elements are arranged as a closed system on the attachment compressor. This makes it possible, in particular, to use the method according to the invention independently of the design of the particular excavator connected to the attached compactor during the working process.
Bei der konkreten Ausbildung der Sensoreinrichtung kann auf eine Vielzahl alternativer Ausführungsformen zurückgegriffen werden. Bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Sensoreinrichtung wenigstens ein Sensorelement in Form eines Kraftsensors, insbesondere eines resistiven Kraftaufnehmers, eines Piezo-Kraftaufnehmers oder eines Dehnungsmessstreifens, umfasst. Derartige Sensoren zeichnen sich durch ihre hohe Funktionszuverlässigkeit und geringe Ausfallanfälligkeit aus. Durch die Verwendung eines als Kraftsensor ausgebildeten Sensorelementes gelingt die unmittelbare Bestimmung der Anpresskraft. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann auch auf Wegsensoren zurückgegriffen werden, die, bevorzugt berührungslos, über induktive, kapazitive, optische oder auf Ultraschall basierenden Messprinzipien Verformungserscheinungen ermitteln. Auch der Einsatz von (Linear-)Potentiometern ist möglich. Es ist ferner bevorzugt vorgesehen, wenn die Sensoreinrichtung am Oberbau angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise ist die Sensoreinrichtung den während des Verdichtungsvorgangs auftretenden Schwingungen nur in gedämpftem Umfang ausgesetzt. Ideal ist es dabei, wenn die Sensoreinrichtung zumindest teilweise direkt in die Kupplungseinrichtung, insbesondere des Anbauverdichters, integriert ist. Greift das Kupplungsgegenstück des Baggers in die Kupplungseinrichtung des Anbauverdichters ein, wird dadurch vorzugsweise unmittelbar ein physischer Kontakt zum Baggerarm hergestellt, über den die Ermittlung der Anpresskraft bzw. einer mit der Anpresskraft korrelierenden Größe möglich ist. Häufig weist die Kupplungseinrichtung ferner Schutzeinrichtungen gegen Verschmutzungserscheinungen auf, wodurch gleichzeitig auch ein Schutz der Sensoreinrichtung möglich ist. Um eine Übertragung der durch die Sensoreinrichtung ermittelten Messsignale an die Steuereinheit zu ermöglichen, ist die Sensoreinrichtung vorzugsweise über eine Signalleitung mit der Steuereinheit verbunden. Dies kann über ein entsprechendes Leitungskabel aber insbesondere auch kabellos erfolgen. Schließlich kann die Sensoreinrichtung derart ausgebildet sein, dass sie die Verformung eines elastischen Dämpfungselementes zwischen dem Oberbau und der Bodenplatte erfasst. Dies kann beispielsweise über einen Wegmesssensor oder vergleichbare Einrichtungen erfolgen.In the specific embodiment of the sensor device can be made of a variety of alternative embodiments. It is preferred if the sensor device at least one Sensor element in the form of a force sensor, in particular a resistive force transducer, a piezoelectric force transducer or a strain gauge comprises. Such sensors are characterized by their high functional reliability and low susceptibility to failure. By using a trained as a force sensor sensor element manages the immediate determination of the contact pressure. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to resort to displacement sensors which, preferably without contact, determine deformation phenomena via inductive, capacitive, optical or ultrasound-based measuring principles. The use of (linear) potentiometers is also possible. It is further preferably provided when the sensor device is arranged on the superstructure. In this way, the sensor device is exposed to the vibrations occurring during the compression process only to a damped extent. It is ideal if the sensor device is integrated at least partially directly into the coupling device, in particular the add-on compactor. If the coupling counterpart of the excavator engages in the coupling device of the add-on compactor, preferably a physical contact to the excavator arm is produced directly, via which the determination of the contact force or a variable correlated with the contact force is possible. Often, the coupling device further comprises protective devices against signs of pollution, whereby at the same time a protection of the sensor device is possible. In order to enable transmission of the measurement signals determined by the sensor device to the control unit, the sensor device is preferably connected to the control unit via a signal line. This can be done via a corresponding cable, but in particular wirelessly. Finally, the sensor device can be designed such that it detects the deformation of an elastic damping element between the superstructure and the bottom plate. This can be done for example via a distance measuring sensor or similar devices.
Vorzugsweise ist die Steuereinheit am Oberbau des Anbauverdichters angeordnet. Auch hierdurch wird die Vibrationsbelastung der Steuereinheit im Betrieb des Anbauverdichters vermindert. Dabei ist es ferner bevorzugt, wenn die Steuereinheit oder zumindest eine Schnittstelle der Steuereinheit von außen zugänglich am Anbauverdichter, gegebenenfalls durch eine verstellbare Schutzeinrichtungen, beispielsweise eine Klappe, nach außen hin abgeschirmt, angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise gelingt ein erleichterter Zugriff auf die Steuereinheit, beispielsweise zu Programmierungszwecken zur Festlegung eines bestimmten Bodentyps etc. Ergänzend oder alternativ ist es auch möglich, eine Betriebsdokumentation in der Steuereinheit zu hinterlegen und über diesen Zugang von außen darauf zurückzugreifen.Preferably, the control unit is arranged on the superstructure of the add-on compactor. This also reduces the vibration load on the control unit during operation of the add-on compactor. In this case, it is further preferred if the control unit or at least one interface of the control unit is arranged externally accessible on the add-on compressor, optionally shielded by an adjustable protective device, for example a flap, to the outside. In this way, facilitated access to the control unit, for example, for programming purposes to determine a particular type of soil, etc., etc. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to deposit an operating documentation in the control unit and access via this access from the outside.
Die Steuereinheit umfasst idealerweise eine Speichereinheit. Die Speichereinheit dient dazu, eine Wertetabelle, ein Kennfeld oder eine Vielzahl an Referenzkurven zu speichern, das oder die den erreichten Verdichtungsgrad oder eine damit korrelierende Größe über die Anpresskraft oder eine damit korrelierende Größe in Abhängigkeit von der Verdichtungsdauer beinhalten. Damit können die zur Ermittlung der jeweils erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer relevanten Größen unmittelbar in der Steuereinheit hinterlegt werden. Die Speichereinheit kann ferner zur Betriebsdokumentation genutzt werden, um beispielsweise Informationen hinsichtlich der Betriebsdauer, der durchgeführten Arbeitsschritte etc. aufzeichnen und später zu Kontrollzwecken auslesen zu können.The control unit ideally comprises a memory unit. The memory unit serves to store a look-up table, a map or a plurality of reference curves, the one or more include the achieved degree of compaction or a correlating size on the contact pressure or a correlating size depending on the compression period. Thus, the relevant for determining the respective required compression duration variables can be stored directly in the control unit. The storage unit can also be used for operating documentation, for example, to record information regarding the operating time, the work steps performed, etc., and to be able to read out later for control purposes.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst der Anbauverdichter eine Signaleinrichtung. Diese ist beispielsweise als ein von der Steuereinheit angesteuertes Mobilteil ausgebildet oder baulich am Anbauverdichter angeordnet. Die Signaleinrichtung dient dazu, dem Bediener wenigstens den Ablauf der jeweils erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer zu signalisieren. Dazu umfasst die Signaleinrichtung beispielsweise eine optische Anzeigeeinrichtungen, insbesondere eine Anzeigeleuchte, eine Anzeigeampel oder eine Ziffernanzeige. Mithilfe nur einer einzigen Anzeigeleuchte kann das Ende der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer beispielsweise durch Erlöschen oder Aufleuchten der Anzeigeleuchte bei Erreichen des Ablaufs der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer angezeigt werden. Eine Ampel kann das Ende der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer durch einen Anzeigewechsel, vorzugsweise in verschiedenen Farben, anzeigen. Eine Zeitanzeige kann als Lichtbalken oder auch als Ziffernanzeige ausgebildet sein. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann die Signaleinrichtung eine akustische Anzeigeeinrichtung umfassen, die das Erreichen des Endes der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer akustisch, beispielsweise über die Ausgabe eines Sprach- und/oder Tonsignals, signalisiert. Hierzu umfasst die akustische Anzeigeeinrichtung vorzugsweise einen Lautsprecher. Ideal ist es dabei ferner, wenn die Möglichkeit besteht, die Lautstärke der Ausgabe des akustischen Anzeigesignals zu regulieren.According to the cultivation compressor includes a signaling device. This is formed for example as a controlled by the control unit handset or structurally arranged on the attachment compressor. The signaling device serves to signal the operator at least the sequence of the respective required compression duration. For this purpose, the signal device comprises, for example, a visual display device, in particular an indicator light, a display light or a digital display. By means of a single indicator light, the end of the required compression period can be indicated, for example, by extinguishing or lighting up the indicator light when the expiration of the required compression period has been reached. A traffic light may indicate the end of the required compression period by a display change, preferably in different colors. A time display can be designed as a light bar or as a numeric display. Additionally or alternatively, the signaling device may comprise an acoustic display device, which acoustically signals the achievement of the end of the required compression duration, for example via the output of a voice and / or audio signal. For this purpose, the acoustic display device preferably comprises a loudspeaker. It is also ideal if it is possible to regulate the volume of the output of the acoustic indication signal.
Die Signaleinrichtung ist bevorzugt am Oberbau des Anbauverdichters angeordnet, da hier die Vibrationsbelastung geringer ist. Bevorzugte Anordnungsstellen sind dort entweder die Oberseite oder zumindest die Ausrichtung zur Innenseite des Anbauverdichters. Die Innenseite des Anbauverdichters bezeichnet diejenige Außenwand, die im an einen Baggerarm angebauten Zustand dem Bagger zugewandt ist.The signaling device is preferably arranged on the superstructure of the add-on compactor, since the vibration load is lower here. Preferred locations are there either the top or at least the orientation to the inside of the add-on compactor. The inside of the add-on compactor designates that outer wall which faces the excavator in the state mounted on an excavator arm.
Von der Erfindung mit umfasst ist ferner eine dahingehende ergänzende und/oder alternative Ausbildung der Signaleinrichtung dahingehend, dass sie ein von der Steuereinheit angesteuertes Steuerelement aufweist, mit dem der Schwingungsbetrieb des Schwingungserregers unterbrechbar ist. Die Signaleinrichtung kann somit über das Steuerelement in den Arbeitsbetrieb des Anbauverdichters eingreifen. Ist die erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer abgelaufen, signalisiert die Steuereinheit dem Steuerelement ein Abschalten des Schwingungsbetriebes des Schwingungserregers. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass ein über den Ablauf der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer hinaus erfolgender Rüttelbetrieb vermieden wird.The invention further comprises a complementary and / or alternative design of the signaling device in that it has a control element controlled by the control unit, with which the oscillation mode of the vibration exciter can be interrupted. The signaling device can thus intervene via the control in the working mode of the add-on compactor. If the required compression period has expired, the control unit signals the control to switch off the vibration mode of the vibration generator. This will be it is ensured that a shaking operation occurring beyond the end of the required compression period is avoided.
Zum Betrieb des erfindungsgemäßen Anbauverdichters wird üblicherweise elektrische Energie benötigt. Dazu kann es beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, eine Anbindung des Anbauverdichters an das elektrische Bordnetz eines Baggers vorzusehen. Ergänzend oder alternativ wird zur Gewinnung elektrischer Energie bevorzugt auf einen Umwandler für Vibrationen in elektrische Energie zurückgegriffen, wobei mit der gewonnenen elektrischen Energie die Sensoreinrichtung und/oder die Steuereinheit und/oder die Signaleinrichtung mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden. Derartige unter dem Stichwort "energy havester" bekannte Umwandler für Vibrationen in elektrische Energie haben den Vorteil eines geringen Platzbedarfs und tragen ferner zur Effizienzsteigerung des erfindungsgemäßen Anbauverdichters bei.For operation of the cultivation compressor according to the invention electrical energy is usually required. For this purpose, it can be provided, for example, to provide a connection of the attachment compactor to the electrical system of an excavator. In addition or alternatively, to recover electrical energy, preference is given to using a converter for vibrations in electrical energy, the sensor device and / or the control unit and / or the signal device being supplied with electrical energy with the electrical energy obtained. Such known under the keyword "energy havester" converter for vibrations in electrical energy have the advantage of a small footprint and also contribute to increasing the efficiency of the cultivation compressor according to the invention.
Ein weiterer Grundgedanke der Erfindung liegt schließlich in einem Bagger, umfassend einen Antriebsmotor, einen Fahrstand, Fahreinrichtungen, einen Baggerarm und einen über eine Kupplungseinrichtung mit dem Baggerarm verbundenen Anbauverdichter mit einer Bodenplatte und einem Oberbau. Der Bagger ist dabei erfindungsgemäß zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgebildet.A further basic idea of the invention is finally found in an excavator comprising a drive motor, a control station, driving devices, an excavator arm and a mounted on a coupling device with the excavator extension cultivator with a bottom plate and a superstructure. The excavator is designed according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Dabei kann die zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehene Signaleinrichtung insbesondere auch im Fahrstand des Baggers angeordnet sein. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass dann die Steuereinheit eine entsprechende Signalleitung zur Signaleinrichtung aufrechterhält, insbesondere kabellos. Die Anordnung der Signaleinrichtung im Fahrstand des Baggers hat insofern den Vorteil, als dass dies häufig als komfortabel vom Bediener des Baggers empfunden wird. Ferner ist dadurch gewährleistet, dass der Bediener auch dann die Anzeige des Ablaufs der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer wahrnehmen kann, wenn der Anbauverdichter außerhalb des Sichtbereichs des Bedieners liegt.In this case, the signaling device provided for carrying out the method according to the invention may in particular also be arranged in the control station of the excavator. It goes without saying that then the control unit maintains a corresponding signal line to the signaling device, in particular wirelessly. The arrangement of the signaling device in the control station of the excavator has the advantage that this is often perceived as comfortable by the operator of the excavator. Furthermore, this ensures that the operator can perceive the display of the course of the required compression period, even if the attachment compressor is outside the field of view of the operator.
Bevorzugt ist eine elektrische Verbindungsleitung vorhanden, die vom Bordnetz des Baggers ausgehend die Sensoreinrichtung und/oder die Steuereinheit und/oder die Signaleinrichtung des Anbauverdichters mit elektrischer Energie versorgt. Zur konkreten Ausbildung der Sensoreinrichtung, der Steuereinheit und der Signaleinrichtung wird auf die vorhergehenden Ausführungen Bezug genommen.Preferably, an electrical connection line is present, which supplies the sensor system and / or the control unit and / or the signal device of the add-on compactor with electrical energy starting from the electrical system of the excavator. For a concrete embodiment of the sensor device, the control unit and the signal device, reference is made to the preceding statements.
Der Anbauverdichter des erfindungsgemäßen Baggers ist ein Anbauverdichter wie vorstehend beschrieben.The attachment compactor of the excavator according to the invention is a cultivation compressor as described above.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand des in den Figuren angegebenen Ausführungsbeispiels weiter erläutert. Es zeigen schematisch:
- Figur 1:
- eine Seitenansicht auf einen Bagger mit einem Anbauverdichter;
- Figur 2:
- eine Ansicht auf ein Funktionsschema des Anbauverdichters aus
Figur 1 ; und - Figur 3:
- ein Ablaufdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
- FIG. 1:
- a side view of an excavator with a cultivation compressor;
- FIG. 2:
- a view of a functional diagram of the add-on compactor
FIG. 1 ; and - FIG. 3:
- a flow diagram of a method according to the invention.
Gleiche Bauteile sind in den Figuren mit gleichen Bezugszeichen angegeben, wobei nicht jedes sich in den Figuren wiederholende Bauteil zwingend separat bezeichnet ist.Identical components are indicated in the figures with the same reference numerals, wherein not every repeating component in the figures is necessarily designated separately.
Wesentliche Elemente eines Baggers 1 sind ein Fahrteil 2 mit Fahreinrichtungen, ein auf dem Fahrteil 2 drehbar gelagerter Maschinenteil 3 mit einem Fahrstand 4 und einem Antriebsmotor 5 und einem Baggerarm 6. Der Baggerarm 6 ist im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel zweigliedrig ausgebildet, umfassend einen innenliegenden ersten Baggerarm 7 und einen außenliegenden Baggerarm 8. Die Baggerarme 7 und 8 sind über Hydraulikzylinder 9 und 10 verstellbar. Am Ende des zweiten, im Wesentlichen sich in Vertikalrichtung erstreckenden zweiten Baggerarms 8 ist ein Anbauverdichter 11 über eine Kupplungseinrichtung 12 mit dem Baggerarm 6 verbunden. Der Anbauverdichter 11 wird im Verdichtungsbetrieb mithilfe der Hydraulikzylinder 9 und 10 über den Baggerarm 6 auf den Bodenuntergrund 13 gedrückt. Weitere Einzelheiten zu wesentlichen Elementen des Anbauverdichters 11 ergeben sich aus der
Um den Betrieb des Anbauverdichters 11 effizienter zu gestalten, sind ferner eine Steuereinheit 18, eine Sensoreinrichtung 19, eine Speichereinheit 20 sowie eine Signaleinrichtung 21 vorgesehen. Diese Komponenten können allesamt am Anbauverdichter 11 angeordnet sein. Ergänzend oder alternativ ist es insbesondere aber auch möglich, zumindest Teile der Sensoreinrichtung 19 und/oder der Signaleinrichtung 21 andernorts unterzubringen. Beispielsweise kann die Signaleinrichtung 21 als Mobilteil in Form eines mobilen Endgeräts ausgebildet sein, welches im Fahrstand 4 angeordnet ist. Auch die Anordnung der Sensoreinrichtung 19 kann variieren und beispielsweise in die Kupplungseinrichtung 12 integriert werden.In order to make the operation of the add-on
Die Sensoreinrichtung 19 umfasst wenigstens ein Sensorelement, mit dem die auf den Anbauverdichter 11 durch den Baggerarm 6 ausgeübte Anpresskraft F oder eine dazu korrelierende Größe messbar ist. Die Sensoreinrichtung 19 ist über eine Signalleitung 22 mit der Steuereinheit 18 verbunden. Ferner sind Signalleitungen 23 und 24 vorgesehen, die eine Verbindung der Steuereinheit mit der Speichereinheit 20 herstellen. Von der Steuereinheit 18 ausgehend ist schließlich eine weitere Verbindungsleitung 25 zur Signaleinrichtung 21 vorgesehen.The
Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist in der Speichereinheit 20 ein Kennfeld 26 hinterlegt. Das Kennfeld 26 stellt die Verdichtungsdauer t gegenüber dem Verdichtungsgrad D dar. Die Kurven 27 geben dabei den Verdichtungsverlauf bei verschiedenen Anpressdrücken bzw. Anpresskräften F1, F2, F3 und F4 wieder. F1 gibt dabei den größten Anpressdruck und F4 den niedrigsten Anpressdruck im Kennfeld 26 wieder. Die Linie Dmax zeigt die Lage der theoretisch maximalen Bodenverdichtung. Das Kennfeld 26 verdeutlicht somit, dass bei ansteigendem Anpressdruck die Verdichtung des Bodens schneller vonstatten geht. Das Kennfeld 26 verdeutlicht ferner, dass sich die Verdichtungskurven asymptotisch der theoretisch maximalen Bodenverdichtung annähern. Dies bedeutet, dass bei fortschreitender Verdichtungsdauer t die Zunahme der Bodenverdichtung D immer geringer wird.In the present embodiment, a
Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist ein Verdichtungsgrad DX gewünscht. In Abhängigkeit von der anliegenden Anpresskraft F ergeben sich dadurch unter Berücksichtigung des Kennfelds 26 für jede einzelne Kurve eine erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer t1 bis t4. Misst die Sensoreinrichtung 19 somit beispielsweise eine Anpresskraft F2, ermittelt die Steuereinheit 18 unter Verwendung des Kennfeldes 26, dass die erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer den Zeitraum t2 erfordert. Ausschlaggebend für die jeweilige erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer kann alternativ zu einem gewünschten (empirischen) Verdichtungsgrad ferner auch der Ablauf einer "effizienten" Verdichtung sein. Die für die jeweilige Anpresskraft erforderlicher Verdichtungsdauer kann dann beispielsweise durch einen Steigungsgrenzwert der jeweiligen Verdichtungskurve festgelegt werden. Damit ist gewährleistet, dass stets in einem Zeitfenster mit einer effektiven Bodenverdichtungsarbeit gearbeitet wird.In the present embodiment, a degree of compaction DX is desired. Depending on the applied contact force F, this results in a required compression period t1 to t4 for each individual curve, taking account of the characteristic diagram 26. If the
Startet somit der Verdichtungsvorgang, beispielsweise durch Inbetriebnahme des Schwingungserregers 16, signalisiert die Steuereinheit über die Signaleinrichtung 21 den Ablauf der aktuell erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer t2. Dazu steuert die Steuereinheit die Signaleinrichtung 21 über die Verbindungsleitung 25 an und löst beispielsweise über den Lautsprecher 28 die Ausgabe eines akustischen Signals aus. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann die Signaleinrichtung 21 auch eine optische Signaleinrichtung 29 aufweisen. Vorliegend sind dazu mehrere Signalleuchten 30 innerhalb eines Balkens nebeneinander angeordnet. Zu Beginn des Verdichtungsvorgangs leuchten sämtliche Signalleuchten 30 auf und nehmen über die erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer t hin gleichmäßig ab. Sind alle Signalleuchten 30 erloschen, weiß der Bediener, dass die erforderliche Verdichtungsdauer t2 abgelaufen ist. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann hier auch eine Ziffernanzeige und/oder ein mehr farbiges Anzeigedisplay etc. verwendet werden.Thus starts the compression process, for example, by commissioning of the
Ferner ist ein Umwandler 31 für Vibrationen in elektrische Energie vorhanden. Dieser versorgt vorliegend die Steuereinheit 18 mit elektrischer Energie. Der Umwandler 31 ist insbesondere an der Bodenplatte 14 angeordnet und über eine Verbindungsleitung 32 mit der Steuereinheit 18 verbunden. Alternativ kann eine Verbindungsleitung 33 vorgesehen sein, über die eine Stromanbindung an ein Bordnetz des Baggers 1 erfolgt.Further, a
Ergänzend oder alternativ kann es ebenfalls vorgesehen sein, dass die Steuereinheit 18 eine Motorsteuerung 33 des Schwingungserregers 16 über eine Verbindungsleitung 34 ansteuert. Damit besteht die Möglichkeit, den Ablauf der erforderlichen Verdichtungsdauer t durch ein Stoppen der Vibrationserzeugung durch den Schwingungserreger 16 zu erreichen.Additionally or alternatively, it may also be provided that the
Claims (15)
- Method (34) for compacting soil with an attachable compactor (11), comprising the steps:A) Pressing (35) the attachable compactor (11) on the ground to be compacted (13) by means of a bearing device (12);B) Measuring (36) the contact force (F) exerted on the attachable compactor (11) by means of the bearing device (12) or a measured variable correlating with the contact force (F);C) Determining (37) a required compaction time (t) depending on the measured contact force (F) or the measured variable correlating with the contact force (F);D) Actuating (38) a signaling device (21) at least at the end of the required compaction time (t).
- Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the contact force (F) measured in step b) or the correlating variable is relayed to a control unit (18), and that steps C) and/or D) can be controlled by said control unit (18). - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that,
in step C), the measured contact force (F) or the variable correlating with the contact force (F) is compared with a value table, a characteristic diagram (26) or a plurality of reference curves stored in a memory unit (20). - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
in step C) the required compaction time (t) corresponds to the time period in which a degree of compaction of 95%, in particular of 98%, and especially of 100% in percentage of the Proctor density is achieved with the measured contact force (F) or with the variable correlating with the contact force (F). - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
at least one of the following features is realized in step D):I) Displaying an optical countdown corresponding to the required compaction time (t);II) Displaying a total remaining time corresponding to the remaining required compaction time (t);III) Displaying a traffic light function depending on the required compaction time (t);IV) Emitting an acoustic signal as soon as the required compaction time (t) has expired;V) Stopping a vibration function of the attachable compactor (11);VI) Displaying the currently required compaction time (t)/compaction rate corresponding to the contact pressure by means of the higher or lower frequency of a flashing, light-emitting element (30). - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
a reset function (40) is provided so that, if pressure is taken off the attachable compactor (11) or in particular if the attachable compactor (11) is raised off the ground (13), steps A) to D) are automatically executed again. - Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the measured variable correlating with the contact force (F) is one of the following:1) hydraulic pressure of an actuating cylinder (9, 10) of an excavator arm (6, 7, 8);2) electrical voltage signal of a sensor element (19), e.g. a distance measuring system sensor;3) relief pressure or relief force of at least one travel device of the excavator (1);4) a path signal on an elastic connecting element (17) between a base plate (14) and a superstructure (15) of the attachable compactor (11). - Attachable compactor (11), in particular for executing the method (34) according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprisinga) a base plate (14);b) a motor-driven vibration generator (16), with which the base plate (14) can be vibrated;c) a superstructure (15) connected to the base plate (14);d) a coupling device (12) configured to engage the excavator arm (6, 7, 8);characterized in that a sensor device (19) is provided, which is configured in such a way that, with said sensor device (19), a contact force (F) of the excavator arm (6, 7, 8) on the attachable compactor (11) or of the attachable compactor (11) on the ground (13) or of a variable correlating with the contact force (F) can be determined, in that a control unit (18) is provided that determines the required compaction time (t) based on the determined contact force (F) or on the basis of the variable correlating with the contact force (F), and in that a signal device (21) is provided that is configured in such a way it displays at least the end of the required compaction time (t).
- Attachable compactor (11) according to claim 8,
characterized in that
the sensor device (19) comprises at least one of the following features:a) It comprises a sensor element configured as a force sensor, in particular a resistive force transducer, a piezo force transducer or a wire strain gauge;b) it is arranged on the superstructure (15);c) it is integrated in the coupling device (12);d) it is connected to the control unit (18) via a signal line;e) it detects the deformation of an elastic shock-absorbing element (17) between the superstructure (15) and the base plate (14). - Attachable compactor (11) according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized in that
the control unit (18) comprises a memory unit (20) which stores at least one value table, one characteristic diagram (26) or a plurality of reference curves containing the achieved degree of compaction (Q) or a variable correlating with the contact force (F) or a correlating variable depending on the compaction time (t). - Attachable compactor (11) according to one of claims 8 to 10,
characterized in that
the signal device (21) comprises at least one of the following features:a) it comprises an optical display device (29, 30), in particular an indicator light, an indicator traffic light or an indication of the time;b) it comprises an acoustic display device (28), in particular with at least one speaker;c) it is arranged on the superstructure (15) of the compactor (11), in particular oriented toward the inside of the compactor (11);d) it comprises a control element (33) controlled by the control unit (18), with which the vibration operation of the vibration generator can be interrupted. - Attachable compactor (11) according to one of claims 8 to 11,
characterized in that
the compactor (11) comprises a converter (31) for converting vibrations into electric energy, wherein the sensor device (19) and/or the control unit (18) and/or the signal device (21) are supplied with the electrical energy obtained. - Excavator (1), comprising a drive motor (5), an operating platform (4), travel devices (2), an excavator arm (6, 7, 8) and an attachable compactor (11), attached to the excavator arm (6, 8) by means of a coupling device (12), according to one of claims 8 to 12 and with a base plate (14) and a superstructure (15),
characterized in that
the excavator (1) is configured to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7. - Excavator (1) according to claim 13
characterized in that
the signaling device (21) is arranged on the operating platform (4) of the excavator (1). - Excavator (1) according to claim 13 or 14,
characterized in that
an electrical connection line (33) is provided, connected with the electrical system of the excavator (1), that supplies electrical energy to the sensor device (19) and/or the control unit (18) and/or the signaling device (21).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016003387.8A DE102016003387B4 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2016-03-18 | Method for soil compaction with an add-on compactor, add-on compactor and excavator with an add-on compactor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3219855A1 EP3219855A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
EP3219855B1 true EP3219855B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
Family
ID=58397982
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17000454.3A Active EP3219855B1 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2017-03-17 | Method for compacting soil comprising a mounted compressor, mounted compressor and excavator provided with a mounted compressor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9863112B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3219855B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2017186883A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016003387B4 (en) |
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DE102016003387A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
JP2017186883A (en) | 2017-10-12 |
EP3219855A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
US20170268193A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
DE102016003387B4 (en) | 2023-07-27 |
US9863112B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 |
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