EP3215730B1 - Internal combustion engine having a coolant jacket which surrounds the combustion chambers - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine having a coolant jacket which surrounds the combustion chambers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3215730B1
EP3215730B1 EP15767457.3A EP15767457A EP3215730B1 EP 3215730 B1 EP3215730 B1 EP 3215730B1 EP 15767457 A EP15767457 A EP 15767457A EP 3215730 B1 EP3215730 B1 EP 3215730B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coolant
internal combustion
combustion engine
outlet
cylinder
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EP15767457.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3215730A1 (en
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Jan-Tilman Dörel
Christian Westphal
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means
    • F02F1/10—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/108—Siamese-type cylinders, i.e. cylinders cast together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means
    • F02F1/10—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F2001/106—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means for liquid cooling using a closed deck, i.e. the water jacket is not open at the block top face

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a plurality of combustion chambers arranged next to one another in a cylinder row in a cylinder crankcase, which are surrounded by a common coolant jacket, which is supplied by a coolant that can be supplied through an inlet and discharged through an outlet in at least two partial flows along different, on different sides of the Can flow through coolant jacket sections arranged combustion chambers, which include the cylinder row between them.
  • the increasing temperature of the coolant from the inlet end to the outlet end of the jacket causes the cylinders to be cooled unevenly, which can result in the formation of vapor bubbles near the outlet end at high engine loads.
  • the DE 10 2005 018 364 A1 suggests a cooling jacket in which coolant is delivered through inlet passages to upper ends of the cylinders adjacent the combustion chambers.
  • the coolant is evenly distributed to the side flow slots along the cylinders and flows axially down the cylinders to cooler lower ends where it is collected in outlet passages and discharged from the jacket.
  • the cooling jacket is preferably separated into the intake and discharge sides of the cylinder bank and is provided with separate inlet and outlet passages for each side.
  • the aisles are provided with different flow passages to provide each cylinder with an equal and separate coolant flow having the same coolant temperatures.
  • the flow inlet passages are formed with flow cross-sectional areas which decrease from the first cylinder at the inlet ends of the passages to the last cylinder, in order to reduce the flow cross-sectional areas Distribute coolant flow from the flow through the cooling jacket equally to the cylinders.
  • the flow outlet passages are formed with increasing flow cross-sectional areas for the outlet flow from the first cylinder to the last cylinder at the discharge ends of the outlet passages in order to maintain a relatively constant flow velocity or a relatively constant flow rate of the coolant in the passages.
  • the flow inlet passages and the flow outlet passages are separated between the cylinders and by partitions along the center line of the cylinder bank at longitudinal ends of the aisles.
  • the DE 103 57 340 A1 relates to an internal combustion engine with several combustion chambers arranged next to one another, which are surrounded by a common coolant jacket.
  • a coolant line element in the form of a collecting bar is assigned to the coolant jacket, which element extends over several combustion chambers and via which coolant can be supplied to the coolant jacket and removed if necessary.
  • a connection between the manifold and the coolant jacket is realized through several coolant passages.
  • a flow guide element serves to equalize a coolant flow guided through the coolant passages, the flow being branched at the same time. The flow guide element causes a reduction in individual speed components of the coolant flow from the collecting bar into the coolant jacket and consequently a deflection and equalization of the flow in the coolant jacket itself.
  • a cylinder crankcase for a reciprocating piston engine with at least one cylinder and with a water jacket surrounding the cylinder at least in some areas is known, through which a cooling liquid can flow to cool the cylinder, a water distribution channel extending laterally next to the water jacket.
  • the U.S. 4,455,972 A describes a cylinder block with a water tank, wherein a wall extending in the direction of flow divides the water tank into an upper and a lower section. Seen in the direction of flow, the dividing wall is designed to run obliquely in such a way that the upper section narrows, whereas the lower section widens.
  • a cooling system for an internal combustion engine is known, with an upper sub-channel system assigned to the combustion chambers of the cylinders to a cylinder head is open and forms a uniform upper channel system with cooling fluid spaces in the cylinder head, the cooling fluid spaces in the cylinder head being supplied with cooling fluid from the sub-channel system in the cylinder block through several passages distributed over a cylinder head base plate.
  • a cylinder block for an internal combustion engine is known, with cooling water cavities in the cylinder block surrounding corresponding cylinders formed in the cylinder block.
  • a lower area of the cooling water cavities is partially filled by an inserted, heat-resistant plastic material.
  • the DE 24 17 925 C2 or the DE 10 2012 203 021 A1 discloses a liquid-cooled multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, an additional coolant chamber being provided, separated from a water jacket surrounding the cylinders, which narrows horizontally in the direction of flow and opens downstream into the water jacket.
  • a device for cooling webs between cylinders of a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine is known. These webs are arranged between cylinders cast together at least in the region of a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine and have cooling ducts.
  • the DE 198 12 831 A1 relates to an internal combustion engine with at least one fluid channel formed in the cylinder block.
  • the bottom of the fluid channel is designed in the form of a curved plane with several successive elevations and depressions in between.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that the flow losses that occur are low and at the same time at least approximately matching flow conditions are achieved in the partial flows.
  • an internal combustion engine in which the inlet is arranged on a first side and the outlet is arranged on a second side opposite the first side.
  • each of the partial flows is routed around the respective outer combustion chamber at opposite ends of the cylinder row, while in the prior art a partial flow is guided around the two outer combustion chambers and thus covers a much longer path than the other directly connecting the inlet and outlet Partial flow, which is equipped with a throttle to compensate for the different route lengths.
  • first side of the outlet side is assigned to the combustion gases of the internal combustion engine and the second side of the suction side is assigned to the fresh air supplied to the internal combustion engine, so that the coolant, which has not yet been heated by the heat of the combustion chambers, is first transferred to the Combustion exhaust gases also hit the heated side of the cylinder crankcase. This provides the maximum cooling effect on the side of the higher temperatures in order to improve the overall efficiency.
  • the entire coolant flow initially hits the same side of the cylinder crankcase and is distributed there in two partial flows over the coolant jacket areas assigned to the various combustion chambers , while each partial flow then hits the second side of the same combustion chambers facing away from the first side.
  • the lengths of the partial flows between the inlet and outlet are at least substantially the same, so that with an otherwise symmetrical design of the coolant jacket, almost identical flow resistances or flow losses result. Additional throttling points can therefore be dispensed with.
  • a coolant line element with a coolant manifold is assigned to the coolant jacket. Since the internal combustion engine has a coolant manifold that is connected to the coolant jacket in the area of the inlet, a sufficient amount of coolant is always available and there is an additional cooling effect of the cylinder crankcase along the coolant manifold, which is preferably aligned parallel to the cylinder row.
  • the cylinder crankcase and the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine can be acted upon by the coolant manifold together with the coolant through the coolant manifold, whereby a so-called single circuit system is implemented.
  • the distribution of the amount of coolant to be supplied to the cylinder crankcase on the one hand and the cylinder head on the other hand can be variably divided by an adjustable throttle element. In this way, the cooling effect can, for example, be temporarily concentrated on the cylinder head as a function of recorded operating parameters.
  • Another, likewise particularly practice-relevant embodiment of the internal combustion engine according to the invention is achieved in that at least individual webs between adjacent combustion chambers are equipped with an opening connecting the two sides, in particular a horizontal bore. This also makes it possible to apply the coolant to the separating surfaces between the combustion chambers, which are designed as webs. Due to the pressure gradient between the inlet and the outlet, the perforations are reliably traversed and in particular run horizontally.
  • a throttling is provided in an outside transition region of at least one coolant jacket section between the two sides of a combustion chamber in order to increase the flow rate in the opening in the webs.
  • This throttling can also be adjustable, for example.
  • a passage in the area of at least one web, a passage extends as far as an upper edge of the cylinder crankcase.
  • This passage forming a region of the coolant jacket can then optionally enable the coolant to flow over into the region of the cylinder head or is closed by a corresponding seal separating the cylinder crankcase from the cylinder head.
  • the coolant is applied over the entire height of the combustion chambers, so that in particular the section of the combustion chambers facing the cylinder head can also have a sufficient cooling capacity applied.
  • the outlet is preferably arranged in an edge region facing the upper plane of the cylinder crankcase, so that the outlet is geodetically higher than the inlet when the cylinder row is oriented horizontally or only slightly inclined relative to the horizontal. Trapped air thus collects in the area of the outlet and can be discharged there without any problems.
  • a separate ventilation opening can also be provided.
  • the internal combustion engine has four combustion chambers 1 which are arranged next to one another in a cylinder row and which are arranged in a cylinder crankcase of the internal combustion engine, which is not shown further.
  • the combustion chambers 1 are surrounded by a common coolant jacket 2 on both sides of the cylinder row.
  • the coolant passes from a coolant collecting strip 3 through an inlet 4 designed as a feed on the circumferential side to the walls (not shown) enclosing the combustion chambers 1, with the exception of the partition walls formed by webs 5 between adjacent combustion chambers 1.
  • the coolant is then discharged through an outlet serving as a vent 6 discharged.
  • the supplied coolant flow divides into two partial flows which flow around the cylinder row in opposite flow directions 7, 8 and meet in the area of the outlet 6. Since the inlet 4 is arranged on an outlet side 9, which is hot during operation, for the combustion gases of the internal combustion engine and the outlet 6 is arranged on a suction side 10 for the fresh air supplied to the internal combustion engine, the entire coolant flow is initially fed to the relatively hotter side of the cylinder crankcase. This results in a significant increase in the efficiency of the cooling effect.
  • This arrangement enables a very favorable uniform distribution of the flow and the throttling points in the partial flows, in particular due to the cylinder head bolts provided in the cylinder crankcase, without additional throttling.
  • the webs 5 between the adjacent combustion chambers 1 are each equipped with an opening 11 that connects the outlet side 9 and the suction side 10 and is designed as a horizontal bore. Due to the pressure gradient of the coolant between the coolant collecting strip 3 and the area of the outlet 6 on the cold suction side 10, these are reliably flowed through.
  • a blocking body 12 that restricts the free flow passage, the volume flow can be specifically forced through the openings 11, with the blocking body 12 at the same time replacing the possibly required outlet-side throttling, which is used to control the cylinder head in the case of dual-circuit cooling to be able to supply a sufficient proportion of the coolant.
  • a passage 13 is also shown as an example in the area of the webs 5, which extends up to an upper edge of the cylinder crankcase.
  • This variant advantageously makes it possible for the coolant jacket 2 to be able to flow up to the illustrated parting plane of the cylinder crankcase and the cylinder head.
  • This variant is especially advantageous when the in Figure 2 The opening 11 shown in the webs 5 between the adjacent combustion chambers 1 is not possible, but an increased cooling capacity is required due to the specific power of the internal combustion engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit mehreren, in einem Zylinderkurbelgehäuse in einer Zylinderreihe nebeneinander angeordneten Brennräumen, die von einem gemeinsamen Kühlmittelmantel umgeben sind, der von einem durch einen Einlass zuführbaren und durch einen Auslass abführbaren Kühlmittel in zumindest zwei Teilströmen entlang verschiedener, an unterschiedlichen Seiten der Brennräume angeordneten Kühlmittelmantelabschnitten durchströmbar ist, die zwischen sich die Zylinderreihe einschließen.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a plurality of combustion chambers arranged next to one another in a cylinder row in a cylinder crankcase, which are surrounded by a common coolant jacket, which is supplied by a coolant that can be supplied through an inlet and discharged through an outlet in at least two partial flows along different, on different sides of the Can flow through coolant jacket sections arranged combustion chambers, which include the cylinder row between them.

Bei Brennkraftmaschinen ist es bekannt, eine Flüssigkeitskühlung der Zylinder durch Anströmung eines Kühlmittels durch einen Kühlmittelmantel, der die Zylinder umgibt, bereitzustellen. Die Zylinder werden durch das vorbeigeführte Kühlmittel über einen Kontakt mit den Zylinderwänden gekühlt.In the case of internal combustion engines, it is known to provide liquid cooling for the cylinders by the flow of coolant through a coolant jacket that surrounds the cylinder. The cylinders are cooled by the passing coolant through contact with the cylinder walls.

Aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Systeme für eine Zylinderreihe leiten im Allgemeinen eine Kühlmittelströmung längs an den ausgerichteten Zylindern vorbei, von einem Ende der Zylinderreihe zum anderen, wie dies beispielsweise in der US 6 289 855 B1 beschrieben wird.Systems known from the prior art for a bank of cylinders generally direct a flow of coolant longitudinally past the aligned cylinders, from one end of the cylinder bank to the other, as shown, for example, in FIG US 6 289 855 B1 is described.

Die von dem Einlassende zu dem Auslassende des Mantels zunehmende Temperatur des Kühlmittels führt dazu, dass die Zylinder ungleichmäßig gekühlt werden, was dazu führen kann, dass sich bei hohen Motorbelastungen in der Nähe des Auslassendes Dampfblasen bilden.The increasing temperature of the coolant from the inlet end to the outlet end of the jacket causes the cylinders to be cooled unevenly, which can result in the formation of vapor bubbles near the outlet end at high engine loads.

Die DE 10 2005 018 364 A1 schlägt einen Kühlmantel vor, in dem ein Kühlmittel durch Einlassgänge zu oberen Enden der Zylinder benachbart zu den Brennkammern befördert wird. Das Kühlmittel wird gleichmäßig an die Seitenströmungsschlitze entlang der Zylinder verteilt und strömt entlang der Zylinder axial abwärts zu kühleren unteren Enden, wo es in Auslassgängen gesammelt wird und von dem Mantel ausgetragen wird. Der Kühlmantel ist vorzugsweise in Aufnahme- und Abgabeseiten der Zylinderreihe getrennt und mit getrennten Einlass- und Auslassgängen für jede Seite versehen. Die Gänge sind mit verschiedenen Strömungsdurchgängen ausgestattet, um jeden Zylinder mit einer gleichen und separaten Kühlmittelströmung, die gleiche Kühlmitteltemperaturen aufweist, zu versehen. Hierzu sind die Strömungseinlassgänge mit sich von dem ersten Zylinder an den Einlassenden der Gänge zu dem letzten Zylinder verringernden Strömungsquerschnittsflächen gebildet, um die Kühlmittelströmung von der Strömung durch den Kühlmantel gleich an die Zylinder zu verteilen. Umgekehrt sind die Strömungsauslassgänge mit größer werdenden Strömungsquerschnittsflächen für die Auslassströmung von dem ersten Zylinder zu dem letzten Zylinder an den Austragsenden der Auslassgänge gebildet, um eine relativ konstante Strömungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. einen relativ konstanten Strömungsdurchsatz des Kühlmittels in den Gängen beizubehalten. Die Strömungseinlassgänge und die Strömungsauslassgänge sind zwischen den Zylindern und durch Trennwände entlang der Mittellinie der Zylinderreihe an Längsenden der Gänge getrennt.The DE 10 2005 018 364 A1 suggests a cooling jacket in which coolant is delivered through inlet passages to upper ends of the cylinders adjacent the combustion chambers. The coolant is evenly distributed to the side flow slots along the cylinders and flows axially down the cylinders to cooler lower ends where it is collected in outlet passages and discharged from the jacket. The cooling jacket is preferably separated into the intake and discharge sides of the cylinder bank and is provided with separate inlet and outlet passages for each side. The aisles are provided with different flow passages to provide each cylinder with an equal and separate coolant flow having the same coolant temperatures. For this purpose, the flow inlet passages are formed with flow cross-sectional areas which decrease from the first cylinder at the inlet ends of the passages to the last cylinder, in order to reduce the flow cross-sectional areas Distribute coolant flow from the flow through the cooling jacket equally to the cylinders. Conversely, the flow outlet passages are formed with increasing flow cross-sectional areas for the outlet flow from the first cylinder to the last cylinder at the discharge ends of the outlet passages in order to maintain a relatively constant flow velocity or a relatively constant flow rate of the coolant in the passages. The flow inlet passages and the flow outlet passages are separated between the cylinders and by partitions along the center line of the cylinder bank at longitudinal ends of the aisles.

Die DE 103 57 340 A1 betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit mehreren, nebeneinander angeordneten Brennräumen, die von einem gemeinsamen Kühlmittelmantel umgeben sind. Dem Kühlmittelmantel ist ein Kühlmittelleitungselement in Form einer Sammelleiste zugeordnet, welches sich über mehrere Brennräume erstreckt und über das dem Kühlmittelmantel Kühlmittel zuführbar und bei Bedarf abführbar ist. Eine Verbindung zwischen Sammelleiste und Kühlmittelmantel wird durch mehrere Kühlmitteldurchlässe realisiert. Um einen möglichst gleichmäßigen Wärmetransfer von und zu den jeweiligen Brennräumen bzw. deren Wandungen zu ermöglichen dient ein Strömungsleitelement zur Vergleichmäßigung einer durch die Kühlmitteldurchlässe geführten Kühlmittelströmung, wobei zugleich die Strömung verzweigt wird. Das Strömungsleitelement bewirkt eine Reduzierung einzelner Geschwindigkeitskomponenten der Kühlmittelströmung von der Sammelleiste in den Kühlmittelmantel und folglich eine Umlenkung und Vergleichmäßigung der Strömung im Kühlmittelmantel selbst.The DE 103 57 340 A1 relates to an internal combustion engine with several combustion chambers arranged next to one another, which are surrounded by a common coolant jacket. A coolant line element in the form of a collecting bar is assigned to the coolant jacket, which element extends over several combustion chambers and via which coolant can be supplied to the coolant jacket and removed if necessary. A connection between the manifold and the coolant jacket is realized through several coolant passages. In order to enable the most uniform possible heat transfer from and to the respective combustion chambers or their walls, a flow guide element serves to equalize a coolant flow guided through the coolant passages, the flow being branched at the same time. The flow guide element causes a reduction in individual speed components of the coolant flow from the collecting bar into the coolant jacket and consequently a deflection and equalization of the flow in the coolant jacket itself.

Aus der DE 10 2012 021 065 A1 ist ein Zylinderkurbelgehäuse für eine Hubkolbenmaschine mit wenigstens einem Zylinder und mit einem den Zylinder zumindest bereichsweise umgebenden Wassermantel bekannt, der zum Kühlen des Zylinders von einer Kühlflüssigkeit durchströmbar ist, wobei sich seitlich neben dem Wassermantel ein Wasserverteilerkanal erstreckt.From the DE 10 2012 021 065 A1 a cylinder crankcase for a reciprocating piston engine with at least one cylinder and with a water jacket surrounding the cylinder at least in some areas is known, through which a cooling liquid can flow to cool the cylinder, a water distribution channel extending laterally next to the water jacket.

Die US 4,455,972 A beschreibt einen Zylinderblock mit einem Wasserkasten, wobei eine sich in Strömungsrichtung erstreckende Wandung den Wasserkasten in einen oberen und einen unteren Abschnitt teilt. In Strömungsrichtung gesehen ist dabei die teilende Wandung derart schräg verlaufend ausgebildet, dass sich der obere Abschnitt verengt, wogegen sich der untere Abschnitt verbreitert.The U.S. 4,455,972 A describes a cylinder block with a water tank, wherein a wall extending in the direction of flow divides the water tank into an upper and a lower section. Seen in the direction of flow, the dividing wall is designed to run obliquely in such a way that the upper section narrows, whereas the lower section widens.

Aus der EP 0 671 552 B1 ist ein Kühlsystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, wobei ein oberes, den Brennräumen der Zylinder zugeordnetes Teilkanalsystem zu einem Zylinderkopf hin offen ist und mit Kühlflüssigkeitsräumen im Zylinderkopf ein einheitliches oberes Kanalsystem bildet, wobei die im Zylinderkopf befindlichen Kühlflüssigkeitsräume vom Teilkanalsystem im Zylinderblock durch mehrere, über eine Zylinderkopfbodenplatte verteilte Durchlässe mit Kühlflüssigkeit versorgt werden.From the EP 0 671 552 B1 a cooling system for an internal combustion engine is known, with an upper sub-channel system assigned to the combustion chambers of the cylinders to a cylinder head is open and forms a uniform upper channel system with cooling fluid spaces in the cylinder head, the cooling fluid spaces in the cylinder head being supplied with cooling fluid from the sub-channel system in the cylinder block through several passages distributed over a cylinder head base plate.

Aus der DE 32 47 663 C1 ist ein Zylinderblock für einen Verbrennungsmotor bekannt, wobei Kühlwasserhohlräume im Zylinderblock entsprechende im Zylinderblock ausgebildete Zylinder umgeben. Ein unterer Bereich der Kühlwasserhohlräume ist durch ein eingebrachtes, hitzebeständiges Kunststoffmaterial teilweise aufgefüllt. Dadurch ist der Zylinderblock an unterschiedliche Anforderungen bzgl. der Kühlverhältnisse nachträglich entsprechend anpassbar.From the DE 32 47 663 C1 a cylinder block for an internal combustion engine is known, with cooling water cavities in the cylinder block surrounding corresponding cylinders formed in the cylinder block. A lower area of the cooling water cavities is partially filled by an inserted, heat-resistant plastic material. As a result, the cylinder block can be subsequently adapted accordingly to different requirements with regard to the cooling conditions.

Die DE 24 17 925 C2 oder die DE 10 2012 203 021 A1 offenbart eine flüssigkeitsgekühlte Mehrzylinder-Brennkraftmaschine, wobei abgetrennt von einem die Zylinder umgebenden Wassermantel eine zusätzliche Kühlmittelkammer vorgesehen ist, welche sich in Strömungsrichtung horizontal verengt und stromab in den Wassermantel mündet.The DE 24 17 925 C2 or the DE 10 2012 203 021 A1 discloses a liquid-cooled multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, an additional coolant chamber being provided, separated from a water jacket surrounding the cylinders, which narrows horizontally in the direction of flow and opens downstream into the water jacket.

Aus der DE 41 40 772 A1 oder der US 6 481 392 B1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Kühlung von Stegen zwischen Zylindern eines Zylinderblockes einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt. Diese Stege sind zwischen zumindest im Bereich eines Zylinderblockes einer Brennkraftmaschine zusammengegossen Zylindern angeordnet und weisen Kühlkanäle auf.From the DE 41 40 772 A1 or the U.S. 6,481,392 B1 a device for cooling webs between cylinders of a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine is known. These webs are arranged between cylinders cast together at least in the region of a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine and have cooling ducts.

Die DE 198 12 831 A1 betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit wenigstens einem im Zylinderblock ausgebildeten Fluidkanal. Um eine optimierte laminare Strömung des Kühlmittels über eine gesamte Länge eines Kühlkanales im Zylinderblock zu erreichen, ist der Boden des Fluidkanales in Form einer gekrümmten Ebene mit mehreren aufeinander folgenden Erhöhungen und dazwischen liegenden Senken ausgebildet.The DE 198 12 831 A1 relates to an internal combustion engine with at least one fluid channel formed in the cylinder block. In order to achieve an optimized laminar flow of the coolant over the entire length of a cooling channel in the cylinder block, the bottom of the fluid channel is designed in the form of a curved plane with several successive elevations and depressions in between.

Als nachteilig erweist sich bei diesem Stand der Technik, dass eine gleichmäßige Anströmung der Zylinderreihe entlang der beiden Seiten in der Praxis entsprechende Maßnahmen zur Beeinflussung der Strömung erfordern. Insbesondere werden die hierzu erforderlichen Drosselungen der Strömung durch in Strömungsrichtung verringerten Strömungsquerschnittsflächen oder durch spezielle Strömungsleitelemente erreicht, um die Kühlmittelströmung von der Strömung durch den Kühlmantel gleichmäßig auf die Brennräume zu verteilen und eine Vergleichmäßigung der Kühlmittelströmung zu realisieren. Hiermit sind jedoch zusätzliche Strömungsverluste verbunden.It has proven to be disadvantageous in this prior art that a uniform flow onto the cylinder row along the two sides requires appropriate measures to influence the flow in practice. In particular, the throttling of the flow required for this is achieved by means of flow cross-sectional areas reduced in the flow direction or by special flow guide elements in order to evenly distribute the coolant flow from the flow through the cooling jacket to the combustion chambers and to make the coolant flow more uniform. However, this is associated with additional flow losses.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Brennkraftmaschine der eingangs genannten Art derart auszuführen, dass die auftretenden Strömungsverluste gering sind und zugleich zumindest annähernd übereinstimmende Strömungsverhältnisse in den Teilströmen erreicht werden.Against this background, the invention is based on the object of designing an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that the flow losses that occur are low and at the same time at least approximately matching flow conditions are achieved in the partial flows.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einer Brennkraftmaschine gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1. Die Unteransprüche betreffen besonders zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.This object is achieved with an internal combustion engine according to the features of claim 1. The subclaims relate to particularly expedient developments of the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß ist also eine Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehen, bei welcher der Einlass auf einer ersten Seite und der Auslass auf einer der ersten Seite gegenüberliegenden zweiten Seite angeordnet ist. Indem der Einlass und der Auslass auf unterschiedlichen Seiten in Bezug auf die Zylinderreihe und das Zylinderkurbelgehäuse angeordnet sind, wird in überraschend einfacher Weise eine Aufteilung des zugeführten Kühlmittels derart möglich, dass der in dem jeweiligen Teilstrom auftretende Gesamtströmungswiderstand im Wesentlichen übereinstimmend ist. Bei Versuchen konnte so bereits nachgewiesen werden, dass der Volumenstrom ohne zusätzliche Strömungsleitelemente bei einer Aufteilung in zwei Teilströme nahezu übereinstimmt. Dadurch kann zugleich auf Drosselelemente bzw. Drosselstellen in den Kühlmittelmantelabschnitten verzichtet werden, sodass der insgesamt zwischen Einlass und Auslass auftretende Strömungsverlust auf ein Minimum reduziert werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck wird jeder der Teilströme an gegenüberliegenden Enden der Zylinderreihe um den jeweils äußeren Brennraum herumgeführt, während beim Stand der Technik ein Teilstrom um die beiden äußeren Brennräume herumgeführt wird und somit einen wesentlich längeren Weg zurücklegt als der den Einlass und den Auslass direkt verbindende andere Teilstrom, welcher zum Ausgleich der unterschiedlichen Streckenlänge mit einer Drosselung ausgestattet ist.According to the invention, an internal combustion engine is therefore provided in which the inlet is arranged on a first side and the outlet is arranged on a second side opposite the first side. By arranging the inlet and the outlet on different sides in relation to the cylinder bank and the cylinder crankcase, the supplied coolant can be divided up in a surprisingly simple manner in such a way that the total flow resistance occurring in the respective partial flow is essentially the same. Experiments have already shown that the volume flow almost matches without additional flow guide elements when divided into two partial flows. As a result, throttle elements or throttle points in the coolant jacket sections can be dispensed with at the same time, so that the overall flow loss occurring between inlet and outlet can be reduced to a minimum. For this purpose, each of the partial flows is routed around the respective outer combustion chamber at opposite ends of the cylinder row, while in the prior art a partial flow is guided around the two outer combustion chambers and thus covers a much longer path than the other directly connecting the inlet and outlet Partial flow, which is equipped with a throttle to compensate for the different route lengths.

Dabei hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die erste Seite der Auslassseite den Verbrennungsgasen der Brennkraftmaschine und die zweite Seite der Saugseite den der Brennkraftmaschine zugeführten Frischluft zugeordnet ist, sodass das von der Wärme der Brennräume zunächst noch nicht erwärmte Kühlmittel zuerst auf die durch die Verbrennungsabgase zusätzlich erhitzte Seite des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses trifft. Hierdurch wird die maximale Kühlwirkung auf der Seite der höheren Temperaturen bereitgestellt, um so den Gesamtwirkungsgrad zu verbessern.It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the first side of the outlet side is assigned to the combustion gases of the internal combustion engine and the second side of the suction side is assigned to the fresh air supplied to the internal combustion engine, so that the coolant, which has not yet been heated by the heat of the combustion chambers, is first transferred to the Combustion exhaust gases also hit the heated side of the cylinder crankcase. This provides the maximum cooling effect on the side of the higher temperatures in order to improve the overall efficiency.

Indem jeder Kühlmittelteilstrom zwischen dem Einlass und dem Auslass sowohl einen Kühlmittelmantelabschnitt auf der ersten Seite als auch einen Kühlmittelmantelabschnitt auf der zweiten Seite durchströmt, trifft der gesamte Kühlmittelstrom zunächst auf dieselbe Seite des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses und verteilt sich dort in zwei Teilströmen auf die den verschiedenen Brennräumen zugeordneten Kühlmittelmantelbereiche, während jeder Teilstrom anschließend auf die der ersten Seite abgewandte zweite Seite derselben Brennräume trifft.As each coolant partial flow between the inlet and the outlet flows through both a coolant jacket section on the first side and a coolant jacket section on the second side, the entire coolant flow initially hits the same side of the cylinder crankcase and is distributed there in two partial flows over the coolant jacket areas assigned to the various combustion chambers , while each partial flow then hits the second side of the same combustion chambers facing away from the first side.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es darüber hinaus, wenn die Längen der Teilströme zwischen Einlass und Auslass zumindest im Wesentlichen übereinstimmen, sodass bei einem im Übrigen symmetrischen Aufbau des Kühlmittelmantels sich nahezu übereinstimmende Strömungswiderstände bzw. Strömungsverluste ergeben. Zusätzliche Drosselstellen sind somit verzichtbar.In addition, it is particularly advantageous if the lengths of the partial flows between the inlet and outlet are at least substantially the same, so that with an otherwise symmetrical design of the coolant jacket, almost identical flow resistances or flow losses result. Additional throttling points can therefore be dispensed with.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dem Kühlmittelmantel ein Kühlmittelleitungselement mit einer Kühlmittelsammelleiste zugeordnet. Indem die Brennkraftmaschine eine Kühlmittelsammelleiste aufweist, die im Bereich des Einlasses mit dem Kühlmittelmantel verbunden ist, ist stets eine ausreichende Kühlmittelmenge verfügbar und es erfolgt entlang der vorzugsweise parallel zu der Zylinderreihe ausgerichteten Kühlmittelsammelleiste eine zusätzliche Kühlwirkung des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses.According to the invention, a coolant line element with a coolant manifold is assigned to the coolant jacket. Since the internal combustion engine has a coolant manifold that is connected to the coolant jacket in the area of the inlet, a sufficient amount of coolant is always available and there is an additional cooling effect of the cylinder crankcase along the coolant manifold, which is preferably aligned parallel to the cylinder row.

Erfindungsgemäß sind durch die Kühlmittelsammelleiste das Zylinderkurbelgehäuse und der Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine durch die Kühlmittelsammelleiste gemeinsam mit dem Kühlmittel beaufschlagbar, wodurch ein sogenanntes Einkreissystem realisiert wird. Die Aufteilung der dem Zylinderkurbelgehäuse einerseits und dem Zylinderkopf andererseits zuzuführenden Kühlmittelmenge ist dabei variabel aufteilbar, durch ein einstellbares Drosselelement. Auf diese Weise kann die Kühlwirkung beispielsweise vorübergehend in Abhängigkeit erfasster Betriebsparameter auf den Zylinderkopf konzentriert werden.According to the invention, the cylinder crankcase and the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine can be acted upon by the coolant manifold together with the coolant through the coolant manifold, whereby a so-called single circuit system is implemented. The distribution of the amount of coolant to be supplied to the cylinder crankcase on the one hand and the cylinder head on the other hand can be variably divided by an adjustable throttle element. In this way, the cooling effect can, for example, be temporarily concentrated on the cylinder head as a function of recorded operating parameters.

Eine andere, ebenfalls besonders praxisrelevante Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine wird dadurch erreicht, dass zumindest einzelne Stege zwischen benachbarten Brennräumen mit einer die beiden Seiten verbindenden Durchbrechung, insbesondere horizontalen Bohrung, ausgestattet sind. Hierdurch gelingt es, auch die Trennflächen zwischen den Brennräumen, die als Stege ausgeführt sind, mit dem Kühlmittel zu beaufschlagen. Die Durchbrechungen werden dabei aufgrund des Druckgefälles zwischen dem Einlass und dem Auslass zuverlässig durchströmt und verlaufen insbesondere horizontal.Another, likewise particularly practice-relevant embodiment of the internal combustion engine according to the invention is achieved in that at least individual webs between adjacent combustion chambers are equipped with an opening connecting the two sides, in particular a horizontal bore. This also makes it possible to apply the coolant to the separating surfaces between the combustion chambers, which are designed as webs. Due to the pressure gradient between the inlet and the outlet, the perforations are reliably traversed and in particular run horizontally.

Erfindungsgemäß ist in einem außenseitigen Übergangsbereich zumindest eines Kühlmittel-Mantelabschnittes zwischen den beiden Seiten eines Brennraumes eine Drosselung vorgesehen, um den Strömungsanteil in der Durchbrechung in den Stegen zu erhöhen. Diese Drosselung kann beispielsweise auch einstellbar sein. Hierdurch strömt ein erhöhter Anteil des zugeführten Kühlmittels durch die Durchbrechungen in den Stegen, wodurch der Strömungswiderstand zwischen Einlass und Auslass zunimmt und bei einem Einkreissystem ein entsprechend erhöhter Anteil einem weiteren Kühlkreis zugeführt wird, der beispielsweise dem Zylinderkopf zugeordnet sein kann.According to the invention, a throttling is provided in an outside transition region of at least one coolant jacket section between the two sides of a combustion chamber in order to increase the flow rate in the opening in the webs. This throttling can also be adjustable, for example. As a result, an increased proportion of the supplied coolant flows through the openings in the webs, as a result of which the flow resistance between inlet and outlet increases and, in a single-circuit system, a correspondingly increased proportion is fed to a further cooling circuit, which can be assigned to the cylinder head, for example.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Variante der Erfindung erstreckt sich im Bereich zumindest eines Steges ein Durchtritt bis zu einem oberen Rand des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses. Dieser einen Bereich des Kühlmittelmantels bildende Durchtritt kann dann wahlweise ein Überströmen des Kühlmittels in den Bereich des Zylinderkopfes ermöglichen oder wird durch eine entsprechende, das Zylinderkurbelgehäuse von dem Zylinderkopf trennende Dichtung verschlossen. In beiden Fällen erfolgt so die Kühlmittelbeaufschlagung über die gesamte Höhe der Brennräume, sodass insbesondere auch der dem Zylinderkopf zugewandte Abschnitt der Brennräume mit einer ausreichenden Kühlleistung beaufschlagt werden kann.In a particularly preferred variant of the invention, in the area of at least one web, a passage extends as far as an upper edge of the cylinder crankcase. This passage forming a region of the coolant jacket can then optionally enable the coolant to flow over into the region of the cylinder head or is closed by a corresponding seal separating the cylinder crankcase from the cylinder head. In both cases, the coolant is applied over the entire height of the combustion chambers, so that in particular the section of the combustion chambers facing the cylinder head can also have a sufficient cooling capacity applied.

Vorzugsweise ist der Auslass in einem dem oberen Ebene des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses zugewandten Randbereich angeordnet, sodass der Auslass bei einer horizontalen oder gegenüber der Horizontalen lediglich geringfügig geneigten Orientierung der Zylinderreihe geodätisch höher liegt als der Einlass. Eingeschlossene Luft sammelt sich somit im Bereich des Auslasses und kann dort problemlos abgeführt werden. Alternativ kann selbstverständlich auch eine gesonderte Entlüftungsöffnung vorgesehen sein.The outlet is preferably arranged in an edge region facing the upper plane of the cylinder crankcase, so that the outlet is geodetically higher than the inlet when the cylinder row is oriented horizontally or only slightly inclined relative to the horizontal. Trapped air thus collects in the area of the outlet and can be discharged there without any problems. Alternatively, of course, a separate ventilation opening can also be provided.

Die Erfindung lässt zahlreiche Ausführungsformen zu. Zur weiteren Verdeutlichung ihres Grundprinzips ist eine davon in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Diese zeigt in

Fig. 1
einen Kühlmittelmantel einer Brennkraftmaschine;
Fig. 2
eine Variante des Kühlmittelmantels mit einer Stegkühlung;
Fig. 3
eine weitere Variante mit einem Durchtritt zu einem Zylinderkopf.
The invention allows numerous embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and is described below. This shows in
Fig. 1
a coolant jacket of an internal combustion engine;
Fig. 2
a variant of the coolant jacket with bar cooling;
Fig. 3
another variant with a passage to a cylinder head.

Eine erfindungsgemäße, mit einem Kühlmittelmantel ausgestattete Brennkraftmaschine wird nachstehend anhand der Figuren 1 bis 3 näher erläutert. Die Brennkraftmaschine hat in dem lediglich exemplarisch dargestellten Beispiel eines Vierzylindermotors vier in einer Zylinderreihe nebeneinander angeordnete Brennräume 1, die in einem nicht weiter dargestellten Zylinderkurbelgehäuse der Brennkraftmaschine angeordnet sind. Die Brennräume 1 sind beiderseits der Zylinderreihe von einem gemeinsamen Kühlmittelmantel 2 umgeben. Dadurch gelangt das Kühlmittel von einer Kühlmittelsammelleiste 3 durch einen als Speisung ausgeführten Einlass 4 umfangsseitig zu den nicht gezeigten, die Brennräume 1 einschließenden Wandungen, mit Ausnahme der durch Stege 5 gebildeten Zwischenwände zwischen benachbarten Brennräumen 1. Anschließend wird das Kühlmittel durch einen als Abzug dienenden Auslass 6 abgeführt. Unmittelbar hinter dem Einlass 4 teilt sich der zugeführte Kühlmittelstrom in zwei Teilströme, die die Zylinderreihe in einander entgegensetzten Strömungsrichtungen 7, 8 umströmen und im Bereich des Auslasses 6 aufeinandertreffen. Indem der Einlass 4 an einer im Betrieb heißen Auslassseite 9 für die Verbrennungsgase der Brennkraftmaschine und der Auslass 6 an einer Saugseite 10 für die der Brennkraftmaschine zugeführte Frischluft angeordnet ist, wird der gesamte Kühlmittelstrom zunächst der relativ heißeren Seite des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses zugeführt. Hierdurch wird eine wesentliche Effizienzsteigerung bei der Kühlwirkung erreicht. Darüber hinaus stimmt die jeweilige Gesamtlänge der Kühlmittelteilströme zwischen dem Einlass 4 und dem Auslass 6, die dabei jeweils sowohl einen Kühlmittelmantelabschnitt auf der Auslassseite 9 als auch einen Kühlmittelmantelabschnitt auf der Saugseite 10 durchströmen, überein. Durch diese Anordnung ist eine sehr günstige Gleichverteilung der Strömung und der Drosselstellen in den Teilströmen, insbesondere bedingt durch die in dem Zylinderkurbelgehäuse vorgesehenen Zylinderkopfschrauben, ohne eine zusätzliche Drosselung möglich.An internal combustion engine according to the invention equipped with a coolant jacket is described below with reference to Figures 1 to 3 explained in more detail. In the example of a four-cylinder engine, which is only shown as an example, the internal combustion engine has four combustion chambers 1 which are arranged next to one another in a cylinder row and which are arranged in a cylinder crankcase of the internal combustion engine, which is not shown further. The combustion chambers 1 are surrounded by a common coolant jacket 2 on both sides of the cylinder row. As a result, the coolant passes from a coolant collecting strip 3 through an inlet 4 designed as a feed on the circumferential side to the walls (not shown) enclosing the combustion chambers 1, with the exception of the partition walls formed by webs 5 between adjacent combustion chambers 1. The coolant is then discharged through an outlet serving as a vent 6 discharged. Immediately behind the inlet 4, the supplied coolant flow divides into two partial flows which flow around the cylinder row in opposite flow directions 7, 8 and meet in the area of the outlet 6. Since the inlet 4 is arranged on an outlet side 9, which is hot during operation, for the combustion gases of the internal combustion engine and the outlet 6 is arranged on a suction side 10 for the fresh air supplied to the internal combustion engine, the entire coolant flow is initially fed to the relatively hotter side of the cylinder crankcase. This results in a significant increase in the efficiency of the cooling effect. In addition, the respective total length of the partial coolant flows between the inlet 4 and the outlet 6, which flow through both a coolant jacket section on the outlet side 9 and a coolant jacket section on the suction side 10, match. This arrangement enables a very favorable uniform distribution of the flow and the throttling points in the partial flows, in particular due to the cylinder head bolts provided in the cylinder crankcase, without additional throttling.

Bei einer in Figur 2 gezeigten Variante sind zudem die Stege 5 zwischen den benachbarten Brennräumen 1 jeweils mit einer die Auslassseite 9 und die Saugseite 10 verbindenden, als horizontale Bohrung ausgeführten Durchbrechung 11 ausgestattet. Diese werden aufgrund des Druckgefälles des Kühlmittels zwischen der Kühlmittelsammelleiste 3 und dem Bereich des Auslasses 6 auf der kalten Saugseite 10 zuverlässig durchströmt. Durch eine zusätzliche Drosselung an den Stirnseiten des Kühlmittelmantels durch einen den freien Strömungsdurchtritt beschränkenden Sperrkörper 12 kann der Volumenstrom gezielt durch die Durchbrechungen 11 gezwungen werden, wobei der Sperrkörper 12 zugleich die gegebenenfalls erforderliche auslassseitige Drosselung ersetzt, welche genutzt wird, um bei einer Zweikreiskühlung dem Zylinderkopf einen ausreichenden Anteil des Kühlmittels zuführen zu können.With an in Figure 2 In the variant shown, the webs 5 between the adjacent combustion chambers 1 are each equipped with an opening 11 that connects the outlet side 9 and the suction side 10 and is designed as a horizontal bore. Due to the pressure gradient of the coolant between the coolant collecting strip 3 and the area of the outlet 6 on the cold suction side 10, these are reliably flowed through. By means of an additional throttling at the end faces of the coolant jacket by a blocking body 12 that restricts the free flow passage, the volume flow can be specifically forced through the openings 11, with the blocking body 12 at the same time replacing the possibly required outlet-side throttling, which is used to control the cylinder head in the case of dual-circuit cooling to be able to supply a sufficient proportion of the coolant.

Weiterhin ist in Figur 3 noch im Bereich der Stege 5 beispielhaft ein Durchtritt 13 dargestellt, der sich bis zu einem oberen Rand des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses erstreckt. Diese Variante ermöglicht in vorteilhafter Weise, dass der Kühlmittelmantel 2 bis zu der dargestellten Trennebene des Zylinderkurbelgehäuses und des Zylinderkopfes anströmbar ist. Diese Variante ist vor allem auch dann von Vorteil, wenn die in Figur 2 gezeigte Durchbrechung 11 der Stege 5 zwischen den benachbarten Brennräumen 1 nicht möglich ist, jedoch aufgrund der spezifischen Leistung der Brennkraftmaschine eine erhöhte Kühlleistung erforderlich ist.Furthermore, in Figure 3 A passage 13 is also shown as an example in the area of the webs 5, which extends up to an upper edge of the cylinder crankcase. This variant advantageously makes it possible for the coolant jacket 2 to be able to flow up to the illustrated parting plane of the cylinder crankcase and the cylinder head. This variant is especially advantageous when the in Figure 2 The opening 11 shown in the webs 5 between the adjacent combustion chambers 1 is not possible, but an increased cooling capacity is required due to the specific power of the internal combustion engine.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
BrennraumCombustion chamber
22
KühlmittelmantelCoolant jacket
33
KühlmittelsammelleisteCoolant collecting bar
44th
Einlassinlet
55
Stegweb
66th
AuslassOutlet
77th
StrömungsrichtungDirection of flow
88th
StrömungsrichtungDirection of flow
99
AuslassseiteOutlet side
1010
SaugseiteSuction side
1111
DurchbrechungBreakthrough
1212th
SperrkörperLocking body
1313th
DurchtrittPassage

Claims (6)

  1. Internal combustion engine with multiple combustion chambers (1) which are arranged adjacent to one another in a cylinder row in a cylinder crankcase, which combustion chambers are surrounded by a common coolant jacket (2) which can be flowed through by a coolant, which can be supplied through an inlet (4) and discharged through an outlet (6), in at least two partial streams along different coolant jacket sections arranged on different sides of the combustion chambers (1), which coolant jacket sections enclose the cylinder row between them, wherein the inlet (4) is arranged on a first side and the outlet (6) is arranged on a second side situated opposite the first side, wherein the coolant jacket (2) is assigned a coolant line element with a coolant collector rail (3) and the cylinder crankcase and a cylinder head can be jointly charged with the coolant through the coolant collector rail (3), characterized in that at least some webs (5) between adjacent combustion chambers (1) are equipped with an aperture (11) connecting the two sides and can be charged with the coolant, and in that a restrictor is provided in an outside transition region of at least one coolant jacket section between the two sides, and in that the coolant quantity to be supplied to the cylinder crankcase, on the one hand, and the cylinder head, on the other hand, can be variably split up by means of an adjustable restrictor element.
  2. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first side is assigned to the outlet side (9) for the combustion gases of the internal combustion engine and the second side is assigned to the intake side (10) for the fresh air supplied to the internal combustion engine.
  3. Internal combustion engine according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that both a coolant jacket section on the outlet side (9) and a coolant jacket section on the intake side (10) can be flowed through by each coolant partial stream between the inlet (4) and the outlet (6).
  4. Internal combustion engine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lengths of the partial streams between inlet (4) and outlet (6) at least substantially correspond.
  5. Internal combustion engine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a passage (13) is led in the region of at least one web (5) as far as an upper edge of the cylinder crankcase.
  6. Internal combustion engine according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet (6) is arranged in an edge region facing toward an upper plane of the cylinder crankcase.
EP15767457.3A 2014-11-06 2015-09-16 Internal combustion engine having a coolant jacket which surrounds the combustion chambers Active EP3215730B1 (en)

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