EP3213837A1 - Shock absorber tube and method for its production - Google Patents
Shock absorber tube and method for its production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3213837A1 EP3213837A1 EP17158722.3A EP17158722A EP3213837A1 EP 3213837 A1 EP3213837 A1 EP 3213837A1 EP 17158722 A EP17158722 A EP 17158722A EP 3213837 A1 EP3213837 A1 EP 3213837A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- pipe
- shock absorber
- wall
- region
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
- B21C1/22—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles
- B21C1/24—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels
- B21C1/26—Push-bench drawing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/16—Making tubes with varying diameter in longitudinal direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D41/00—Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends
- B21D41/02—Enlarging
- B21D41/026—Enlarging by means of mandrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D41/00—Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends
- B21D41/04—Reducing; Closing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cold forming method for producing a shock absorber tube and a shock absorber tube, which was produced in particular by the method according to the invention.
- various tube regions of a precision tube blank are formed or formed into tube sections of the shock absorber tube in several cold forming process steps, the tube sections having mutually differing tube wall thicknesses and / or tube diameters.
- Shock absorber tubes are known from various fields of application. Especially in the automotive sector, the demands made on precision and material properties are particularly high.
- the shock absorber tube according to the invention and its production method are particularly suitable for use as or for producing an inner tube for a two-tube shock absorber / strut system for motor vehicles.
- shock absorber pipes in the prior art are usually produced from precision tube blanks, in particular according to DIN EN 10305-2 (November 2002) or DIN EN 10305-3 (February 2003), by means of various production methods.
- Particularly suitable for this purpose is a so-called axial cold forming process, wherein a plastic deformation of a metallic material below its recrystallization takes place, in particular by means of stretching, drawing, upsetting and / or expansion. Due to the applied forming forces, the material undergoes strain hardening, which leads to an increase in material strength within the formed material areas.
- a disadvantage of the known cold forming methods is the formation of grooves or pores mostly on the surface of the pipe inner wall (for example when upsetting) but also the formation of cracks or similar material defects at excessive degrees of deformation. For the latter reason, cold-formed tube expansions are made only up to a maximum pipe diameter difference of 15%.
- WO 2014/082666 A1 From the WO 2014/082666 A1 is a cold forming method for producing a cylinder tube for a shock absorber of a motor vehicle known. With the method described, specific pipe wall thicknesses and material strengths can be set in the cold-formed areas. In particular, starting from the blank, the wall thickness is reduced and / or the inner or outer diameter of the blank is changed. Such a reshaped cylinder tube can be used in particular as an outer tube for a two-tube shock absorber / strut system for motor vehicles.
- Such a two-tube shock absorber or -Federerbeinsytem is from the DE 41 27 453 C1 known.
- Such shock absorber systems include an outer tube and a coaxially disposed therein inner tube, the interior of which serves as a working space for the piston stroke.
- the space between inner tube and outer tube serves as a compensation chamber and is sealed fluid-tight after filling with shock absorber liquid by means of seals.
- Inner tube and outer tube are connected to each other in the upper area by an additional head and in the lower area via an additional floor.
- a gas spring in similar twin-tube telescopic design is from the DE 37 08 978 A1 known.
- Inner tube and outer tube are connected to each other here by means of a piston rod guide, which serves to guide the piston within the inner tube.
- the piston rod guide has an annular groove for receiving a seal.
- the cylinder (inner tube) and the jacket tube (outer tube) of a piston-cylinder unit are connected together in the lower area by means of a container bottom.
- a cylinder holder In the upper area is a cylinder holder with piston rod guide for receiving the cylinder.
- the piston rod guide has an angle ring into which a seal can be inserted.
- shock absorber systems described above each have an inner tube of simple cylindrical design.
- Other functionalities, such as the inclusion of seals or structural connections between the outer and inner tubes are realized by means of additional components or joining parts.
- additional parts often lead to unwanted noise such as rattling, which is especially when used as a shock absorber system in a motor vehicle is extremely disturbing.
- the invention task is solved by a cold forming method according to claim 1 and by a shock absorber tube according to claim 13.
- An inventive cold forming method of the type described above is characterized in that a first tube portion is compressed to form a thick wall portion in a compression step.
- the pipe wall thickness in the region of the thick wall section is in this case increased with respect to the pipe wall thickness of the precision tube blank.
- compressing a compressive force in the axial direction is applied to the pipe region to be crushed such that the tube material is cold formed radially in the direction of the tube outer wall.
- the formation of cracks or similar material defects, which would lead to loss of material quality is thereby avoided.
- two adjacent tube regions are formed with a tube expansion, wherein the tube expansion is arranged between the tube regions.
- a pipe expansion is to be understood as meaning a conically extending section of the pipe wall which connects a second pipe region to an adjacent pipe region.
- the second tube region is formed with a first tube diameter and the adjacent tube region with a second tube diameter, wherein the difference between the first tube diameter and the second tube diameter is at least 20%, in particular at least 30%.
- a pipe end portion has a pipe diameter which is at least 20% larger than the pipe diameter of an adjacent center pipe piece.
- the pipe expansion can be cold formed eg by drawing and / or widening, the formation of cracks or the like Material defects that would lead to loss of material quality, is avoided within the pipe walls of the corresponding pipe sections.
- an inner tube for a two-tube shock absorber When the method of manufacturing an inner tube for a two-tube shock absorber is used, it is advantageous to form the thick-wall portion and a tube end portion of the inner tube with a tube outside diameter substantially equal to the tube inner diameter of an outer tube for the same two-tube shock absorber. In this way, the inner tube and the outer tube connected to each other, for. B. are welded, and / or sealed against each other, without additional construction and / or joining parts are needed.
- a surface structure of a tube inner wall in the area of the thick-wall section is not substantially changed during the upsetting.
- a roughness of at most 5 ⁇ m can also be achieved on the surface of the tube inner wall of the thick-wall section.
- pipe wall thickness and / or pipe diameter can vary within the thick wall section.
- a tube inner diameter in the area of the thick-wall section is essentially not changed during the compression step.
- the first tube region is compressed in such a way that the tube inner diameter is not changed along the entire thick-wall section or is held constant (within the usual tolerances of +/- 0.03 mm).
- the pipe wall thickness is reduced in the region of the tube expansion with respect to the tube wall thickness of the precision tube blank or as a thin-wall section, ie formed in lightweight construction.
- the cold forming process comprises a Einzieh Kunststoff, wherein by retracting once or more, the diameter of the Cruzisrohrrohlings is at least partially reduced.
- the known per se reduction of the pipe diameter takes place by the action of an axial thrust.
- the reduction of the outlet tube diameter to the required end tube diameter can be done either in one step or stepwise by multiple, successive retraction.
- several Einziehmatrizen be switched with decreasing inner diameter to form a multiple train in series.
- the pipe wall thickness is reduced at least in regions by stretching once or more times in an ironing step.
- the forming force acts in the axial direction by means of a Einziehmatrize on the pipe wall.
- this leads to a reduction of the pipe wall thickness, on the other hand to an extension of the blank in the thrust direction of the draw-in die.
- the reduction of the pipe wall thickness can also be effected by one or more, successive ironing operations or by means of a multiple train along the respective desired pipe region.
- the cold forming process includes a tube wall thickness reducing step for cutting the tube wall thickness in one or more of the tube sections.
- the pipe wall thickness in the desired pipe sections can be reduced by turning. In contrast to stretching, the pipe material is not deformed but removed, so that no work hardening takes place, which leads to an increased material strength.
- the pipe expansion is formed by means of an expansion step, wherein the second pipe region is widened by at least 20% with respect to an adjacent pipe region.
- an expanding mandrel is introduced starting from a pipe end in the pipe interior. Similar to drawing in, the forming force also acts on the pipe wall during expansion in the axial direction. As a result, an increase in the pipe diameter is achieved while the tube wall thickness and consequently the overall length of the tube blank remain unchanged.
- the compression step is combined with a widening step, wherein e.g. the first pipe section is widened and compressed to form the thick wall section.
- the recuperzisrohrrohling is fixed during the Aufweit suitss such that an axially applied by means of a Aufweitdorns thrust force leads to an accumulation of the pipe material in the radial direction. That is, already during the expansion, a material accumulation in the region of the thick wall section can be generated and used for compression.
- one or more tube regions are formed with a lower material strength.
- an increase in material strength is obtained by work hardening. The higher the degree of deformation, the higher the resulting material strength.
- one or both pipe end sections which can be formed with a pipe expansion and / or a pipe section which is compressed to form a thick wall section, are formed with a (initially) lower degree of deformation.
- a Compression edge formed by machining, in particular by turning.
- the compression edge is suitable as a contact surface for a compression tool, a so-called pressure sleeve, which applies a compressive force in the axial direction of the corresponding pipe wall.
- a pipe end machining step one or both pipe ends of the precision pipe blank are shortened.
- an axially outer region of the corresponding pipe end is tapped by means of a turning operation.
- the cold forming method according to the invention can be used in addition to the production of shock absorber inner tubes for the production of other shock absorber tubes, such as shock absorber outer tubes, but also for the production of other tubes in other applications with high demands on material properties and precision.
- shock absorber tube With regard to the shock absorber tube, the object of the invention is achieved by a shock absorber tube according to claim 13. Advantageous developments are mentioned in the accompanying subclaims.
- the shock absorber tube and its embodiments and advantages have been largely explained already with reference to the method according to the invention. Therefore, only a part of the features and / or their advantages will be explained in more detail below.
- a shock absorber tube in particular a surface structure of a tube inner wall in the region of the thick wall section has neither notches nor grooves, grooves, grooves, pores or similar unevennesses within the surface of the tube inner wall, which in conventional compression methods are a consequence of the material offset occurring radially from the inside to the outside ,
- the shock absorber tube along the entire surface of the tube inner wall, a same surface quality, wherein the roughness is at most 5 microns.
- the shock absorber tube is designed as a lightweight component. For example, all pipe sections (ie, the pipe expansion), with the exception of the thick wall section, formed thin-walled.
- the ratio of the pipe wall thickness between a thick wall and a thin wall section is approximately 1: 4.
- the thick wall section has a minimum pipe wall thickness of 7 mm and the thin wall sections a maximum pipe wall thickness of 1.7 mm.
- the pipe walls are free of cracks or similar material defects.
- the thick-wall section is provided with a circumferential groove or annular groove.
- FIG. 1 shows a cylindrical precision steel tube blank 1 made of a material E 235 or E 195, normalized, according to DIN EN 10305-2: 2010-05, with a nominal outer diameter D N of, for example. 48 mm and a Pipe wall thickness S R of, for example, 4 mm.
- the precision tube blank 1 serves as a starting blank for a first variant of the axial cold forming method according to the invention for producing an inner tube 2 (see FIG. Fig. 9 ) for a two-pipe shock absorber system, with an inner diameter of, for example, 32 mm.
- the precision tube blank 1 has a first tube region 101 at a first tube end and a second tube region 102 at a second tube end.
- FIG. 2 In a first Einzieh Colour the pipe diameter of the precision tube blank 1 is drawn or reduced by means of a Einziehmatrize 3.
- the drawing-in step can be carried out by one or more pull-in processes carried out in succession.
- a support mandrel 5 Within the first tube region 101 is a support mandrel 5, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the already retracted, first tube region 101.
- the mandrel 5 is axially movable along the double arrow A.
- a push rod 7 is arranged, the thrust side 701 is supported on the end face of the second tube portion 102.
- the push rod 7 is axially movable along the double arrow B.
- a guide pin 702 is snugly inserted into the interior of the second tube portion 102 and serves the precise guidance of the push rod 7. During retraction of the push rod 7 exerts a thrust force on the tube end of the second tube portion 102, whereby the procurzisrohrrohling 1 axially towards the Einziehmatrize third is moved. The procurzisrohrrohling 1 is pushed between Einziehmatrize 3 and mandrel 5 through, whereby the pipe diameter is reduced.
- An ejector 9 is axially movable along the double arrow C and provided for triggering the mandrel 5 from the already retracted, first tube portion 101.
- a first ironing mandrel 11a is placed inside the precision tube blank 1.
- the first ironing mandrel 11 a comprises a guide pin 111 a, whose diameter corresponds approximately to the pipe inner diameter of the retracted first pipe portion 101, a driving edge 112 a, which is supported on an inner transition edge 103 between the retracted, first pipe portion 101 and a non-retracted region of the precision tube blank 1 as well as a front Working portion 113a, whose diameter is, for example, 32 mm and a rear working portion 114a, whose diameter is, for example, 39.5 mm.
- the first ironing mandrel 11a is moved axially in the direction of the arrow D.
- the driver edge 112a is designed for positive engagement with the transition edge 103, so that the first ironing mandrel 11a "takes along" the precision tube blank 1 along its axial direction of movement and leads through a first ironing die 13a.
- the precision tube blank 1 is stretched along the working sections 113a, 114a.
- the precision tube blank 1 is formed in the region of the front working portion 113a with a higher pipe wall thickness, as in the region of the rear working portion 114a, wherein the precision tube blank 1 has a uniform pipe outside diameter along the stretched region.
- a scraper 15 is radially movable to trigger the first Abstreckdorns 11 a from the precision tube blank 1 along the double arrow E.
- a first end position EP 1 is marked within the second tube region 102, which represents the end of the tube region which has been drawn by means of the first ironing process.
- a second ironing punch 17a comprises a guide pin 171a, a driving edge 172a, which engages positively in the transition edge 103 of the precision tube blank 1 and a working portion 173a whose diameter is, for example, 32 mm.
- the precision tube blank 1 is moved in the direction of the arrow D by means of the second ironing mandrel 17a and is stretched by means of a second ironing die 19a.
- the scraper 15 is radially movable along the double arrow E and serves to trigger the second Abstreckdorns 17 a from the recuperzisrohrrohling first
- FIG. 5 finds a third ironing operation of the recuperzisrohrrohlings 1 with a third Abstreckdorn 21 a, which has a guide pin 211 a, a driving edge 212a for engaging in the transition edge 103 and a front working portion 213a and a rear working portion 214a.
- the rear working portion 214a is conical and serves for the Auskalibri für or the wall thickness reduction of a conical pipe expansion 204 within the second tube portion 102.
- the third The ironing die 23a has a conical inner surface 231a complementary thereto.
- the tube wall thickness of the precision tube blank 1 is here only up to the first end position EP 1 within the second tube portion 102 strung to eg. 1.7 mm, so that an axially outer tube end portion 104 remains with less material strength.
- FIG. 7 the precision tube blank 1 is shown after performing a pre-processing step.
- the pipe wall thickness of the first pipe region 101 is partially reduced by turning, so that a compression edge 105 is created.
- the outer pipe end portion 104 removed by turning or tapping.
- FIG. 8 A compression / expansion step for compressing and expanding the first pipe portion 101 is shown in FIG FIG. 8 shown.
- an expanding mandrel 29 a is pushed axially into the interior of the first pipe region 101, along the double arrow F.
- a counter-holder 31 a which is axially movable along the double arrow G, locks the precision tube blank 1 in the axial direction.
- For radial locking surrounds a 2-part die 33a the Rezisrohrrohling 1, the hinged along the double arrow H hinged or can be folded.
- the 2-part die 33a is in turn fixed in the axial direction between a pressure plate 35a and a spring-supported die ring 37a, which is axially movable along the double arrow K ,.
- the expanding mandrel 29 a comprises a conical working portion 291 a which radially transforms the tube material of the precision tube blank 1 in the direction of the tube outer wall, so that a tube expansion is formed in the first tube region 101.
- a material thickening or -ausauung 106 between the conical working portion 291 a and an inner edge 331 a of the 2-part die 33 a generated.
- a pressure sleeve 39 a is axially movable along the double arrow I and engages the compression edge 105 of the precision tube blank 1.
- the first pipe region 101 is subjected to a pressure (up to 100 t), so that the pipe material is deformed or compressed in the radial direction.
- the Aufweitdorn 29a prevents a material shift into the tube interior, the material is displaced radially outward until a stop 371 a of the spring-supported Matrizenrings 37a is reached.
- the desired shape of the expanded / compressed first tube portion 101 is precisely determined by the geometry of the interengaging and / or complementary tool components, in particular the mandrel 29a, the 2-part die 33a, the pressure sleeve 39a and the die ring 37a.
- the inner tube 2 comprises a thick-walled section 201, a tube-end section 202 whose inner tube diameter is, for example, 39.5 mm, a central tube 203 whose inner tube diameter is, for example, 32 mm and an interposed, conically extending tube expansion 204.
- the thick-wall section 201 has a variable inner tube diameter and may be formed with a maximum pipe wall thickness of, for example. 7 mm.
- annular groove 205 within the thick wall portion 201 is an annular groove 205, in particular formed by turning, which is suitable for receiving, for example. An O-ring seal.
- the inner tube 2 is formed by lightweight construction with a tube wall thickness of, for example, 1.7 mm.
- FIG. 10 shows a part of the inner tube 2 from FIG. 9 , in the pipe expansion 204 z. B. four through holes 206 are punched. According to the arrow L, the through holes 206 were punched from the inside of the tube in the direction of the tube outer.
- the pipe end portion 202 of the inner pipe 2 is fluid-tightly connected to a corresponding pipe section of an outer pipe.
- the through holes 206 serve to connect the working space with the compensation space.
- FIG. 11 represents the cylinder-shaped precision steel tube blank 1 in a mirror-image along the central transverse axis with respect to the FIG. 1
- the precision tube blank 1 serves as a starting blank for a second variant of the axial cold forming method according to the invention for producing an inner tube 2 (see FIG. FIG. 19 ) for a two-pipe shock absorber system, with an inner diameter of, for example, 36 mm.
- the precision tube blank 1 has at its first pipe end a first pipe portion 101 and at its second pipe end a second pipe portion 102.
- a second tube region 102 of the precision tube blank 1 is curled by means of a draw-in die 3, ie only the end face of the tube end region 102 is deformed radially into the interior of the tube.
- a mandrel 5 according to FIG. 2 , can be omitted here.
- the push rod 7 is analogous to the first method variant of the application of an axial thrust in the direction of Einziehmatrize 3, along the double-headed B on the precision tube blank 1 and is guided by means of the guide pin 702.
- an optional tube wall thickness reduction step may be used to reduce the tube wall thickness of the second tube section 102 of the precision tube blank 1.
- the precision tube blank 1 is stretched to a uniform tube wall thickness in a first ironing operation.
- a first ironing mandrel 11b engages with a driving edge 112b on the crimp 106 of the second pipe region 102, so that the precision pipe blank 1 is "taken along" in the direction of the arrow D and guided through the first ironing die 13b.
- the scraper 15 is radially movable along the double arrow E and serves to trigger the first Abstreckdorns 11 b from the recuperzisrohrrohling first
- FIG. 15 represents a second ironing operation with a second ironing mandrel 17b, the Mit supportivekante 172b is supported on the Krümpelung 106 of the second pipe portion 102 and the precision tube blank 1 in the working direction (arrow D) through the second ironing die 19b.
- the tube wall thickness of the precision tube blank 1 is reduced starting from the crimp 106 up to a second end position EP 2.
- a third ironing process is the FIG. 16 refer to.
- the precision tube blank 1 is stretched starting from its crimping 106 up to the second end position EP 2 to a tube wall thickness of, for example, 1.7 mm.
- a twin die 41 comprises an ironing section 411 with a corresponding inner diameter.
- Inner diameter of a stirrup portion 412 of the twin die 41 corresponds to the pipe outside diameter of the first pipe portion 101.
- the stirrup portion 412 "irons" the first pipe portion 101, thereby exactly abutting the ironing mandrel 21b, but without changing the pipe wall thickness.
- FIG. 17 represents the precision tube blank 1 in a mirrored along the median transverse axis view of the FIGS. 11 to 16 dar.
- Analog to FIG. 7 the first method variant the implementation of a Vorbearbeitungs Republics is shown.
- the tube wall thickness of the precision tube blank 1 is partially reduced by rotation within the first tube region 101, so that a compression edge 105 is formed.
- the front side of the second tube portion 102 arranged Krümpelung 106 (s. Fig. 16 ) is also removed or tapped by means of a turning operation and is already no longer shown.
- FIG. 18 shows a compression / expansion step of the second variant of the method.
- a support pin 43 which is movable along the double arrow N in the axial direction, within the first tube portion 101 accurately arranged.
- a pressure sleeve 39b engages against the compression edge 105 and exerts a high pressure (up to 100 t) on it.
- a counter-holder 31 b and a 2-part die 33b lock the precision tube blank 1 in the axial direction, so that a radial compression of the tube material within the first tube portion 101 results.
- the support mandrel 43 prevents material displacement in the tube interior.
- the tube material is displaced radially outward until a stop 371b of a spring-supported die ring 37b is reached.
- the desired shape of the compressed first pipe portion 101 is precisely determined by the geometry of the interlocking and / or complementary tool components, in particular the support mandrel 43, the 2-part die 33b, the pressure sleeve 39b and the die ring 37b.
- the second tube section 102 is widened by means of an expanding mandrel 29 b, which comprises a conical working section 291 b.
- the 2-part die 33b which is hingedly hinged along the double arrow H, points to this a complementarily arranged, also conical section 331 b.
- a pressure plate 35b supports the 2-part die 33b in the axial direction.
- the upsetting process precedes the expansion process.
- the inner tube diameter of the first region 101 remains unchanged during the entire expansion / compression step.
- an inner tube 2 is shown, which was cold-formed from a Rezisrohrrohling 1.
- the inner tube 2 comprises a thick-walled section 201, a tube-end section 202 whose inner tube diameter is, for example, 39.5 mm, a center tube 203 and a conically extending tube expansion 204 arranged therebetween.
- the tube inner diameter of the inner tube 2 is constant eg 36 mm.
- an annular groove 205 is arranged, which is designed for receiving, for example, an O-ring seal, in particular by turning.
- the tube wall thickness of the inner tube 2 is, for example, 1.7 mm within the thin-walled sections and, for example, 5 mm within the thick-wall section 201.
- the inner tube 2 according to FIG. 19 can also be punched through-holes 206 (see FIG. Fig. 10 ) be provided.
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Kaltumformverfahren zur Herstellung eines Stoßdämpferrohres (2), insbesondere eines Stoßdämpfer-Innenrohrs für ein Zweirohr-Stoßdämpfer-/Federbeinsystem für Kraftfahrzeuge, wobei in mehreren Kaltumform-Verfahrensschritten verschiedene Rohrbereiche (101, 102) eines Präzisrohrrohlings (1) zu Rohrabschnitten (201, 202, 203, 204) des Stoßdämpferrohres (2) mit voneinander abweichenden Rohrwandstärken und/oder Rohrdurchmessern ausgebildet werden, wobei ein erster Rohrbereich (101) zur Ausbildung eines Dickwandabschnitts (201) in einem Stauchungsschritt gestaucht wird, wobei die Rohrwandstärke im Bereich des Dickwandabschnitts (201) erhöht wird, und/oder ein zweiter Rohrbereich (102) zur Ausbildung einer Rohraufweitung (204) mit einem ersten Rohrdurchmesser versehen wird und ein benachbarter Rohrbereich (203) mit einem zweiten Rohrdurchmesser versehen wird, wobei eine Differenz zwischen dem ersten Rohrdurchmesser und dem zweiten Rohrdurchmesser mindestens 20 % beträgt. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Stoßdämpferrohr.Cold forming method for producing a shock absorber tube (2), in particular a shock absorber inner tube for a two-pipe shock absorber / suspension strut system for motor vehicles, wherein in several cold forming process steps different tube regions (101, 102) of a precision tube blank (1) to tube sections (201, 202, 203, 204) of the shock absorber tube (2) are formed with mutually differing pipe wall thicknesses and / or pipe diameters, wherein a first tube section (101) is compressed in a compression step to form a thick-wall section (201), whereby the tube wall thickness in the region of the thick-wall section (201) is increased, and / or a second pipe section (102) is provided with a first pipe diameter to form a pipe extension (204) and an adjacent pipe section (203) is provided with a second pipe diameter, wherein a difference between the first pipe diameter and the second pipe diameter is at least 20%. The invention also relates to a shock absorber tube.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kaltumformverfahren zur Herstellung eines Stoßdämpferrohres sowie ein Stoßdämpferrohr, das insbesondere nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt wurde. Hierbei werden in mehreren Kaltumform-Verfahrensschritten verschiedene Rohrbereiche eines Präzisrohrrohlings zu Rohrabschnitten des Stoßdämpferrohres ausgebildet bzw. umgeformt, wobei die Rohrabschnitte voneinander abweichende Rohrwandstärken und/oder Rohrdurchmesser aufweisen. Stoßdämpferrohre sind aus verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen bekannt. Gerade jedoch im Kfz-Bereich sind die gestellten Anforderungen an Präzision und Materialeigenschaften besonders hoch. Das erfindungsgemäße Stoßdämpferrohr und dessen Herstellungsverfahren eignen sich insbesondere zur Verwendung als bzw. zur Herstellung eines Innenrohrs für ein Zweirohr-Stoßdämpfer-/Federbeinsystem für Kraftfahrzeuge.The invention relates to a cold forming method for producing a shock absorber tube and a shock absorber tube, which was produced in particular by the method according to the invention. In this case, various tube regions of a precision tube blank are formed or formed into tube sections of the shock absorber tube in several cold forming process steps, the tube sections having mutually differing tube wall thicknesses and / or tube diameters. Shock absorber tubes are known from various fields of application. Especially in the automotive sector, the demands made on precision and material properties are particularly high. The shock absorber tube according to the invention and its production method are particularly suitable for use as or for producing an inner tube for a two-tube shock absorber / strut system for motor vehicles.
Um die hohen Anforderungen an Materialeigenschaften und Präzision einzuhalten, werden Stoßdämpferrohre im Stand der Technik zumeist aus Präzisrohrrohlingen, insbesondere gemäß DIN EN 10305-2 (November 2002) oder DIN EN 10305-3 (Februar 2003), mittels verschiedener Herstellungsverfahren hergestellt. Besonders eignet sich hierzu ein sogenanntes axiales Kaltumformverfahren, wobei eine plastische Umformung eines metallischen Werkstoffs unterhalb dessen Rekristallisationstemperatur, insbesondere mittels Abstrecken, Einziehen, Stauchen und/oder Aufweiten, stattfindet. Aufgrund der einwirkenden Umformkräfte unterliegt der Werkstoff einer Kaltverfestigung, die zu einer Erhöhung der Werkstofffestigkeit innerhalb der umgeformten Werkstoffbereiche führt. Ein Nachteil der bekannten Kaltumformverfahren ist die Ausbildung von Riefen oder Poren zumeist an der Oberfläche der Rohrinnenwand (z.B. beim Stauchen) aber auch die Entstehung von Rissen oder ähnlichen Materialfehlern bei zu hohen Umformgraden. Aus letzterem Grund werden kaltumgeformte Rohraufweitungen nur bis zu einer Rohrdurchmesserdifferenz von maximal 15 % vorgenommen.In order to meet the high demands on material properties and precision, shock absorber pipes in the prior art are usually produced from precision tube blanks, in particular according to DIN EN 10305-2 (November 2002) or DIN EN 10305-3 (February 2003), by means of various production methods. Particularly suitable for this purpose is a so-called axial cold forming process, wherein a plastic deformation of a metallic material below its recrystallization takes place, in particular by means of stretching, drawing, upsetting and / or expansion. Due to the applied forming forces, the material undergoes strain hardening, which leads to an increase in material strength within the formed material areas. A disadvantage of the known cold forming methods is the formation of grooves or pores mostly on the surface of the pipe inner wall (for example when upsetting) but also the formation of cracks or similar material defects at excessive degrees of deformation. For the latter reason, cold-formed tube expansions are made only up to a maximum pipe diameter difference of 15%.
Aus der
Ein derartiges Zweirohr-Stoßdämpfer oder -Federbeinsytem ist aus der
Ein Gasdruckdämpfer in ähnlicher Zweirohr-Teleskop-Bauart ist aus der
Gemäß
Die zuvor beschriebenen Stoßdämpfer-Systeme weisen jeweils ein Innenrohr einfacher zylindrischer Bauart auf. Weitere Funktionalitäten, z.B. die Aufnahme von Dichtungen oder auch bauliche Verbindungen zwischen Außen- und Innenrohr werden mittels zusätzlicher Bauteile bzw. Fügeteile realisiert. Derlei Zusatzteile führen oftmals zu unerwünschter Geräuschentwicklung wie Klappern, was gerade bei Verwendung als Stoßdämpfersystem in einem Kraftfahrzeug als äußerst störend empfunden wird.The shock absorber systems described above each have an inner tube of simple cylindrical design. Other functionalities, such as the inclusion of seals or structural connections between the outer and inner tubes are realized by means of additional components or joining parts. Such additional parts often lead to unwanted noise such as rattling, which is especially when used as a shock absorber system in a motor vehicle is extremely disturbing.
Daher ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein verbessertes Stoßdämpferdämpferrohr sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung anzugeben.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved shock absorber tube and a method for its production.
Die Erfindungsaufgabe wird durch ein Kaltumformverfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie durch ein Stoßdämpferrohr gemäß Anspruch 13 gelöst.The invention task is solved by a cold forming method according to
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Kaltumformverfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art kennzeichnet sich dadurch, dass ein erster Rohrbereich zur Ausbildung eines Dickwandabschnitts in einem Stauchungsschritt gestaucht wird. Die Rohrwandstärke im Bereich des Dickwandabschnitts wird hierbei gegenüber der Rohrwandstärke des Präzisrohrrohlings erhöht. Insbesondere wird beim Stauchen eine Druckkraft in axialer Richtung auf den zu stauchenden Rohrbereich derart aufgebracht, dass das Rohrmaterial radial in Richtung der Rohraußenwand kalt umgeformt wird. Die Entstehung von Rissen oder ähnlichen Materialfehlern, die zu Einbußen der Materialqualität führen würden, wird hierbei vermieden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ werden zwei einander benachbarte Rohrbereiche mit einer Rohraufweitung ausgebildet, wobei die Rohraufweitung zwischen den Rohrbereichen angeordnet ist. Unter einer Rohraufweitung ist ein konisch verlaufender Abschnitt der Rohrwandung zu verstehen, der einen zweiten Rohrbereich mit einem benachbarten Rohrbereich verbindet. Der zweite Rohrbereich, wird hierzu mit einem ersten Rohrdurchmesser ausgebildet und der benachbarte Rohrbereich mit einem zweiten Rohrdurchmesser, wobei die Differenz zwischen dem ersten Rohrdurchmesser und dem zweiten Rohrdurchmesser mindestens 20%, insbesondere mindestens 30% beträgt. Vorzugsweise weist ein Rohrendenabschnitt einen Rohrdurchmesser auf, der um mind. 20% größer ist als der Rohrdurchmesser eines benachbarten Rohrmittelstücks. Zur Ermittlung der Rohrdurchmesserdifferenz werden entweder die jeweiligen Rohraußendurchmesser oder die jeweiligen Rohrinnendurchmesser zueinander ins Verhältnis gesetzt. Die Rohraufweitung kann z.B. mittels Einziehen und/oder Aufweiten kalt umgeformt werden, wobei die Entstehung von Rissen oder ähnlichen Materialfehlern, die zu Einbußen der Materialqualität führen würden, innerhalb der Rohrwandungen der entsprechenden Rohrbereiche vermieden wird.An inventive cold forming method of the type described above is characterized in that a first tube portion is compressed to form a thick wall portion in a compression step. The pipe wall thickness in the region of the thick wall section is in this case increased with respect to the pipe wall thickness of the precision tube blank. In particular, when compressing a compressive force in the axial direction is applied to the pipe region to be crushed such that the tube material is cold formed radially in the direction of the tube outer wall. The formation of cracks or similar material defects, which would lead to loss of material quality, is thereby avoided. Additionally or alternatively, two adjacent tube regions are formed with a tube expansion, wherein the tube expansion is arranged between the tube regions. A pipe expansion is to be understood as meaning a conically extending section of the pipe wall which connects a second pipe region to an adjacent pipe region. For this purpose, the second tube region is formed with a first tube diameter and the adjacent tube region with a second tube diameter, wherein the difference between the first tube diameter and the second tube diameter is at least 20%, in particular at least 30%. Preferably, a pipe end portion has a pipe diameter which is at least 20% larger than the pipe diameter of an adjacent center pipe piece. To determine the pipe diameter difference either the respective pipe outside diameter or the respective inner pipe diameter are set in relation to each other. The pipe expansion can be cold formed eg by drawing and / or widening, the formation of cracks or the like Material defects that would lead to loss of material quality, is avoided within the pipe walls of the corresponding pipe sections.
Wird das Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Innenrohrs für einen Zweirohr-Stoßdämpfer verwendet, ist es vorteilhaft den Dickwandabschnitts sowie einen Rohrendenabschnitt des Innenrohrs mit einem Rohraußendurchmesser auszubilden, der im Wesentlichen dem Rohrinnendurchmesser eines Außenrohrs für denselben Zweirohr-Stoßdämpfer entspricht. Auf diese Weise können das Innenrohr und das Außenrohr miteinander verbunden, z. B. verschweißt werden, und/oder gegeneinander abgedichtet werden, ohne dass zusätzliche Bau- und/oder Fügeteile benötigt werden.When the method of manufacturing an inner tube for a two-tube shock absorber is used, it is advantageous to form the thick-wall portion and a tube end portion of the inner tube with a tube outside diameter substantially equal to the tube inner diameter of an outer tube for the same two-tube shock absorber. In this way, the inner tube and the outer tube connected to each other, for. B. are welded, and / or sealed against each other, without additional construction and / or joining parts are needed.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Verfahrensausgestaltung wird eine Oberflächenstruktur einer Rohrinnenwandung im Bereich des Dickwandabschnitts während des Stauchens im Wesentlichen nicht verändert. Insbesondere entstehen weder Kerben, noch Nuten, Rillen, Riefen, Poren oder ähnliche Unebenheiten innerhalb der Oberfläche der Rohrinnenwand, die bei herkömmlichen Stauchverfahren eine Folge des radial von innen nach außen stattfindenden Materialversatzes sind. Je nach Ausgangsmaterial des Präzisrohrrohlings lässt sich bspw. eine Rauheit von höchstens 5 µm auch an der Oberfläche der Rohrinnenwand des Dickwandabschnitts erzielen. Unabhängig von der Oberflächenstruktur der Rohrinnenwand können Rohrwandstärke und/oder Rohrdurchmesser innerhalb des Dickwandabschnitts variieren.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, a surface structure of a tube inner wall in the area of the thick-wall section is not substantially changed during the upsetting. In particular, there are no notches, notches, grooves, grooves, pores or similar unevenness within the surface of the pipe inner wall, which in conventional upsetting processes are a consequence of the radially outwardly occurring material offset. Depending on the starting material of the precision tube blank, for example, a roughness of at most 5 μm can also be achieved on the surface of the tube inner wall of the thick-wall section. Regardless of the surface structure of the pipe inner wall, pipe wall thickness and / or pipe diameter can vary within the thick wall section.
In einer optionalen Variante des Verfahrens wird ein Rohrinnendurchmesser im Bereich des Dickwandabschnitts während des Stauchungsschritts im Wesentlichen nicht verändert. Insbesondere wird der erste Rohrbereich derart gestaucht, dass der Rohrinnendurchmesser entlang des gesamten Dickwandabschnitts nicht verändert wird bzw. konstant (innerhalb der üblichen Toleranzen von +/- 0,03 mm) gehalten wird.In an optional variant of the method, a tube inner diameter in the area of the thick-wall section is essentially not changed during the compression step. In particular, the first tube region is compressed in such a way that the tube inner diameter is not changed along the entire thick-wall section or is held constant (within the usual tolerances of +/- 0.03 mm).
Vorteilhafterweise wird die Rohrwandstärke im Bereich der Rohraufweitung gegenüber der Rohrwandstärke des Präzisrohrrohlings reduziert bzw. als Dünnwandabschnitt, d.h. in Leichtbauweise ausgebildet. Durch eine Reduzierung der Rohrwandstärke um mindestens 50 % lassen sich erhebliche Gewichtseinsparungen erreichen.Advantageously, the pipe wall thickness is reduced in the region of the tube expansion with respect to the tube wall thickness of the precision tube blank or as a thin-wall section, ie formed in lightweight construction. By a Reducing the pipe wall thickness by at least 50% can achieve significant weight savings.
Vorzugsweise umfasst das Kaltumformverfahren einen Einziehschritt, wobei durch einmaliges oder mehrmaliges Einziehen, der Durchmesser des Präzisrohrrohlings zumindest bereichsweise reduziert wird. Beim an sich bekannten Einziehen findet die Reduzierung des Rohrdurchmessers durch die Einwirkung eines axialen Schubs statt. Beispielsweise erfolgt das Einziehen ausgehend von einem Rohrendbereich in axialer Richtung entlang des gewünschten Rohrbereichs. Die Reduzierung des Ausgangs-Rohrdurchmessers auf den erforderlichen End-Rohrdurchmesser kann entweder in einem Schritt oder schrittweise durch mehrmaliges, aufeinander folgendes Einziehen erfolgen. Insbesondere werden hierzu mehrere Einziehmatrizen mit abnehmendem Innendurchmesser zu einem Mehrfachzug hintereinander geschaltet.Preferably, the cold forming process comprises a Einziehschritt, wherein by retracting once or more, the diameter of the Präzisrohrrohlings is at least partially reduced. In the known per se reduction of the pipe diameter takes place by the action of an axial thrust. For example, starting from a pipe end region takes place in the axial direction along the desired pipe region. The reduction of the outlet tube diameter to the required end tube diameter can be done either in one step or stepwise by multiple, successive retraction. In particular, several Einziehmatrizen be switched with decreasing inner diameter to form a multiple train in series.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird in einem Abstreckschritt die Rohrwandstärke durch einmaliges oder mehrmaliges Abstrecken zumindest bereichsweise reduziert. Beim an sich bekannten Abstrecken wirkt die Umformkraft in axialer Richtung mittels einer Einziehmatrize auf die Rohrwandung ein. Dies führt einerseits zu einer Reduzierung der Rohrwandstärke, andererseits zu einer Verlängerung des Rohlings in Schubrichtung der Einziehmatrize. Auch die Reduzierung der Rohrwandstärke kann durch einen oder mehrere, aufeinander folgende Abstreckvorgänge bzw. mittels eines Mehrfachzugs entlang des jeweils gewünschten Rohrbereichs erfolgen.In a preferred embodiment of the method, the pipe wall thickness is reduced at least in regions by stretching once or more times in an ironing step. In the known stretching the forming force acts in the axial direction by means of a Einziehmatrize on the pipe wall. On the one hand, this leads to a reduction of the pipe wall thickness, on the other hand to an extension of the blank in the thrust direction of the draw-in die. The reduction of the pipe wall thickness can also be effected by one or more, successive ironing operations or by means of a multiple train along the respective desired pipe region.
Optional umfasst das Kaltumformverfahren einen Rohrwandstärken-Reduzierungschritt zur spanabhebenden Reduzierung der Rohrwandstärke in einem oder mehreren der Rohrbereiche. Beispielsweise lässt sich die Rohrwandstärke in den gewünschten Rohrbereichen durch Drehen reduzieren. Im Gegensatz zum Abstrecken wird das Rohrmaterial hierbei nicht umgeformt sondern abgetragen, sodass keine Kaltverfestigung, die zu einer erhöhten Werkstofffestigkeit führt stattfindet. Vorzugsweise eignet sich die Reduzierung der Rohrwandstärke durch spanabhebende Bearbeitung für einen oder beide Rohrendabschnitte.Optionally, the cold forming process includes a tube wall thickness reducing step for cutting the tube wall thickness in one or more of the tube sections. For example, the pipe wall thickness in the desired pipe sections can be reduced by turning. In contrast to stretching, the pipe material is not deformed but removed, so that no work hardening takes place, which leads to an increased material strength. Preferably, the Reduction of pipe wall thickness by machining for one or both pipe end sections.
Gemäß einer Verfahrensvariante wird die Rohraufweitung mittels eines Aufweitschritts ausgebildet, wobei der zweite Rohrbereich gegenüber einem benachbarten Rohrbereich um mindestens 20 % aufgeweitet wird. Hierzu wird ein Aufweitdorn ausgehend von einem Rohrendabschnitt in das Rohrinnere eingeführt. Ähnlich wie beim Einziehen wirkt die Umformkraft auch beim Aufweiten in axialer Richtung auf die Rohrwandung ein. Hierdurch wird eine Vergrößerung des Rohrdurchmessers erzielt, während die Rohrwandstärke und folglich die Gesamtlänge des Rohrrohlings unverändert bleiben.According to a variant of the method, the pipe expansion is formed by means of an expansion step, wherein the second pipe region is widened by at least 20% with respect to an adjacent pipe region. For this purpose, an expanding mandrel is introduced starting from a pipe end in the pipe interior. Similar to drawing in, the forming force also acts on the pipe wall during expansion in the axial direction. As a result, an increase in the pipe diameter is achieved while the tube wall thickness and consequently the overall length of the tube blank remain unchanged.
Nach einer weiteren Verfahrensvariante wird der Stauchungsschritt mit einem Aufweitschritt kombiniert, wobei z.B. der erste Rohrbereich aufgeweitet und zur Ausbildung des Dickwandabschnitts gestaucht wird. Vorzugsweise wird der Präzisrohrrohling während des Aufweitschritts derart fixiert, dass eine mittels eines Aufweitdorns axial aufgebrachte Schubkraft zu einer Anstauung des Rohrmaterials in radialer Richtung führt. D.h., bereits während des Aufweitens kann eine Materialanstauung im Bereich des Dickwandabschnitts erzeugt und zur Stauchung genutzt werden.According to a further variant of the method, the compression step is combined with a widening step, wherein e.g. the first pipe section is widened and compressed to form the thick wall section. Preferably, the Präzisrohrrohling is fixed during the Aufweitschritts such that an axially applied by means of a Aufweitdorns thrust force leads to an accumulation of the pipe material in the radial direction. That is, already during the expansion, a material accumulation in the region of the thick wall section can be generated and used for compression.
In einer bevorzugten Verfahrensausgestaltung werden einer oder mehrere Rohrbereiche mit einer geringeren Werkstofffestigkeit ausgebildet. Im Kaltumformverfahren wird eine Erhöhung der Werkstofffestigkeit durch Kaltverfestigung erlangt. Je höher der Umformgrad, desto höher die resultierende Werkstofffestigkeit. Insbesondere werden einer oder beide Rohrendabschnitte, die mit einer Rohraufweitung ausbildbar sind und/oder ein Rohrbereich der zur Ausbildung eines Dickwandabschnitts gestaucht wird, mit einem (zunächst) geringeren Umformgrad ausgebildet. Durch spätere Kaltumformverfahrensschritte, wie Stauchen, Aufweiten, Abstrecken und/oder Einziehen lässt sich die Werkstofffestigkeit in den entsprechenden Rohrbereichen weiter erhöhen.In a preferred embodiment of the method, one or more tube regions are formed with a lower material strength. In the cold forming process, an increase in material strength is obtained by work hardening. The higher the degree of deformation, the higher the resulting material strength. In particular, one or both pipe end sections, which can be formed with a pipe expansion and / or a pipe section which is compressed to form a thick wall section, are formed with a (initially) lower degree of deformation. By subsequent cold forming process steps, such as upsetting, expansion, stretching and / or retraction, the material strength in the corresponding pipe sections can be further increased.
Nach einer optionalen Verfahrensvariante wird in einem Vorbearbeitungsschritt, der dem Stauchungsschritt vorausgeht, eine Stauchungskante mittels spanabhebender Bearbeitung, insbesondere durch Drehen ausgebildet. Die Stauchungskante eignet sich als Angriffsfläche für ein Stauchungswerkzeug, eine sogenannte Druckhülse, die eine Druckkraft in axialer Richtung auf die entsprechende Rohrwandung aufbringt.According to an optional process variant, in a pre-processing step preceding the compression step, a Compression edge formed by machining, in particular by turning. The compression edge is suitable as a contact surface for a compression tool, a so-called pressure sleeve, which applies a compressive force in the axial direction of the corresponding pipe wall.
In einem optionalen Verfahrensschritt, einem Rohrenden-Bearbeitungsschritt, werden eines oder beide Rohrenden des Präzisrohrrohlings gekürzt. Insbesondere wird ein axial außen liegender Bereich des entsprechenden Rohrendes mittels eines Drehvorgangs abgestochen.In an optional process step, a pipe end machining step, one or both pipe ends of the precision pipe blank are shortened. In particular, an axially outer region of the corresponding pipe end is tapped by means of a turning operation.
Das erfindungsgemäße Kaltumformverfahren kann neben der Herstellung von Stoßdämpferinnenrohren auch zur Herstellung anderer Stoßdämpferrohre, wie beispielsweise von Stoßdämpferaußenrohren, aber auch zur Herstellung sonstiger Rohre in anderen Anwendungsgebieten mit hohen Anforderungen an Materialeigenschaften und Präzision Verwendung finden.The cold forming method according to the invention can be used in addition to the production of shock absorber inner tubes for the production of other shock absorber tubes, such as shock absorber outer tubes, but also for the production of other tubes in other applications with high demands on material properties and precision.
Hinsichtlich des Stoßdämpferrohres wird die Erfindungsaufgabe durch ein Stoßdämpferrohr gemäß Anspruch 13 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den zugehörigen Unteransprüchen genannt. Das Stoßdämpferrohr sowie dessen Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile wurden zum Großteil bereits anhand des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erläutert. Nachfolgend werden daher lediglich ein Teil der Merkmale und/oder deren Vorteile näher erläutert.With regard to the shock absorber tube, the object of the invention is achieved by a shock absorber tube according to claim 13. Advantageous developments are mentioned in the accompanying subclaims. The shock absorber tube and its embodiments and advantages have been largely explained already with reference to the method according to the invention. Therefore, only a part of the features and / or their advantages will be explained in more detail below.
Bezüglich eines erfindungsgemäßen Stoßdämpferrrohres weist insbesondere eine Oberflächenstruktur einer Rohrinnenwandung im Bereich des Dickwandabschnitts weder Kerben, noch Nuten, Rillen, Riefen, Poren oder ähnliche Unebenheiten innerhalb der Oberfläche der Rohrinnenwand auf, die bei herkömmlichen Stauchungsverfahren eine Folge des radial von innen nach außen stattfindenden Materialversatzes sind. In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung weist das Stoßdämpferrohr entlang der gesamten Oberfläche der Rohrinnenwandung, eine selbe Oberflächenqualität auf, wobei die Rauhheit höchstens 5 µm beträgt. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist das Stoßdämpferrohr als Leichtbauteil ausgeführt. Beispielsweise sind alle Rohrabschnitte (d.h., auch die Rohraufweitung), mit Ausnahme des Dickwandabschnitts, dünnwandig ausgebildet. Das Verhältnis der Rohrwandstärke zwischen einem Dickwand- und einem Dünnwandabschnitt beträgt hierbei in etwa 1:4. Insbesondere weist der Dickwandabschnitt eine minimale Rohrwandstärke von 7 mm auf und die Dünnwandabschnitte eine maximale Rohrwandstärke von 1,7 mm. Die Rohrwandungen sind frei von Rissen oder ähnlichen Materialfehlern. Zur Aufnahme einer Dichtung, insbesondere eines O-Rings ist der Dickwandabschnitt mit einer umlaufenden Nut bzw. Ringnut versehen.With regard to a shock absorber tube according to the invention, in particular a surface structure of a tube inner wall in the region of the thick wall section has neither notches nor grooves, grooves, grooves, pores or similar unevennesses within the surface of the tube inner wall, which in conventional compression methods are a consequence of the material offset occurring radially from the inside to the outside , In an advantageous embodiment, the shock absorber tube along the entire surface of the tube inner wall, a same surface quality, wherein the roughness is at most 5 microns. In a further advantageous embodiment, the shock absorber tube is designed as a lightweight component. For example, all pipe sections (ie, the pipe expansion), with the exception of the thick wall section, formed thin-walled. The ratio of the pipe wall thickness between a thick wall and a thin wall section is approximately 1: 4. In particular, the thick wall section has a minimum pipe wall thickness of 7 mm and the thin wall sections a maximum pipe wall thickness of 1.7 mm. The pipe walls are free of cracks or similar material defects. To accommodate a seal, in particular an O-ring, the thick-wall section is provided with a circumferential groove or annular groove.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale, Merkmals(unter) kombinationen, Vorteile und Wirkungen auf der Basis der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung und den Zeichnungen. Es zeigen, jeweils in einer schematischen Prinzipskizze
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die Verfahrensschritte einer ersten Kaltumformverfahrensvariante zur Herstellung eines Innenrohrs aus einem Präzisrohrrohling,Figur 1 bis 8 -
ein Innenrohr, das gemäß einer ersten Kaltumformverfahrensvariante aus einem Präzisrohrrohling umgeformt wurde,Figur 9 -
Figur 10 ein Innenrohr mit gestanzten Durchgangslöchern, -
Figur 11 bis 18 die Verfahrensschritte einer zweiten Kaltumformverfahrensvariante zur Herstellung eines Innenrohrs aus einem Präzisrohrrohling, -
Figur 19 ein Innenrohr, das gemäß einer zweiten Kaltumformverfahrensvariante aus einem Präzisrohrrohling umgeformt wurde.
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Figure 1 to 8 the method steps of a first cold forming process variant for producing an inner tube from a precision tube blank, -
FIG. 9 an inner tube that has been formed from a precision tube blank according to a first cold forming process variant, -
FIG. 10 an inner tube with punched through holes, -
FIGS. 11 to 18 the method steps of a second cold forming process variant for producing an inner tube from a precision tube blank, -
FIG. 19 an inner tube that has been reshaped from a precision tube blank according to a second cold forming process variant.
Gemäß
In einem ersten Abstreckvorgang gemäß
In
Gemäß
In
Ein Stauchungs-/Aufweitschritt zur Stauchung und Aufweitung des ersten Rohrbereichs 101 ist in
In
Anders als in der ersten Variante wird gemäß
Gemäß
In
Die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte der beiden Verfahrensvarianten lassen sich beliebig miteinander kombinieren, wodurch einerseits die zuvor beschriebenen Varianten abgeändert werden können, aber auch neue Verfahrensvarianten entstehen.
- 1
- Präzisrohrrohling
- 101
- erster Rohrbereich
- 102
- zweiter Rohrbereich
- 103
- Übergangskante
- 104
- äußeres Rohrendstück
- 105
- Stauchungskante
- 106
- Krümpelung
- 2
- Innenrohr
- 201
- Dickwandabschnitt
- 202
- Rohrendenabschnitt
- 203
- Rohrmittelstück
- 204
- Rohraufweitung
- 205
- Ringnut
- 206
- Durchgangsloch
- 3
- Einziehmatrize
- 5
- Stützdorn
- 7
- Schubstößel
- 701
- Schubkante
- 702
- Führungszapfen
- 9
- Ausstoßer
- 11a, b
- erster Abstreckdorn
- 111a
- Führungszapfen
- 112a, b
- Mitnehmerkante
- 113a
- vorderer Arbeitsabschnitt
- 114a
- hinterer Arbeitsabschnitt
- 13a, b
- erste Abstreckmatrize
- 15
- Abstreifer
- 17a, b
- zweiter Abstreckdorn
- 171 a
- Führungszapfen
- 172a, b
- Mitnehmerkante
- 173a
- Arbeitsabschnitt
- 19a, b
- zweite Abstreckmatrize
- 21 a, b
- dritter Abstreckdorn
- 211 a
- Führungszapfen
- 212a, b
- Mitnehmerkante
- 213a
- vorderer Arbeitsabschnitt
- 214a
- hinterer Arbeitsabschnitt
- 23a
- dritte Abstreckmatrize
- 231 a
- konische Innenfläche
- 25a
- vierter Abstreckdorn
- 251 a
- Führungszapfen
- 252a
- Mitnehmerkante
- 253a
- Arbeitsabschnitt
- 27a
- vierte Abstreckmatrize
- 29a, b
- Aufweitdorn
- 291 a, b
- konischer Arbeitsabschnitt
- 31a, b
- Gegenhalter
- 33a, b
- 2-teilige Matrize
- 331 a
- Innenkante
- 35a, b
- Druckplatte
- 37a, b
- Matrizenring
- 371a, b
- Anschlag
- 39a, b
- Druckhülse
- 41
- Zwillingsmatrize
- 411
- Abstreckabschnitt
- 412
- Bügelabschnitt
- 43
- Stützdorn
- A, B, C, E, F, G, H, I, K, N
- Doppelpfeil
- D, L
- Pfeil
EP 1- erste Endposition
EP 2- zweite Endposition
- DN
- Nenndurchmesser des Präzisrohrrolings
- SR
- Rohrwandstärke des Präzisrohrrohlings
- 1
- Präzisrohr blank
- 101
- first pipe area
- 102
- second pipe section
- 103
- Transition edge
- 104
- outer pipe end piece
- 105
- Upsetting edge
- 106
- Krümpelung
- 2
- inner tube
- 201
- Thick wall section
- 202
- Pipe end section
- 203
- Pipe centerpiece
- 204
- tube expansion
- 205
- ring groove
- 206
- Through Hole
- 3
- swaging
- 5
- mandrel
- 7
- thrust ram
- 701
- thrust edge
- 702
- spigot
- 9
- ejector
- 11a, b
- first ironing punch
- 111
- spigot
- 112a, b
- entrainment
- 113a
- front working section
- 114a
- rear working section
- 13a, b
- first ironing die
- 15
- scraper
- 17a, b
- second ironing mandrel
- 171 a
- spigot
- 172a, b
- entrainment
- 173a
- working section
- 19a, b
- second ironing die
- 21 a, b
- third ironing mandrel
- 211 a
- spigot
- 212a, b
- entrainment
- 213a
- front working section
- 214a
- rear working section
- 23a
- third ironing die
- 231 a
- conical inner surface
- 25a
- fourth ironing mandrel
- 251 a
- spigot
- 252a
- entrainment
- 253a
- working section
- 27a
- fourth ironing die
- 29a, b
- mandrel
- 291 a, b
- conical working section
- 31a, b
- backstop
- 33a, b
- 2-part matrix
- 331 a
- inner edge
- 35a, b
- printing plate
- 37a, b
- die ring
- 371a, b
- attack
- 39a, b
- pressure sleeve
- 41
- Zwillingsmatrize
- 411
- Abstreckabschnitt
- 412
- bow section
- 43
- mandrel
- A, B, C, E, F, G, H, I, K, N
- double arrow
- D, L
- arrow
-
EP 1 - first end position
-
EP 2 - second end position
- D N
- Nominal diameter of the precision tube roller blind
- S R
- Pipe wall thickness of the precision tube blank
Claims (17)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
characterized in that
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
characterized in that
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016103824.5A DE102016103824A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2016-03-03 | Shock absorber tube and method for its production |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3213837A1 true EP3213837A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
Family
ID=58261499
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17158722.3A Withdrawn EP3213837A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2017-03-01 | Shock absorber tube and method for its production |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3213837A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016103824A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107120380A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-09-01 | 北京京西重工有限公司 | Damper housing and the method for manufacturing damper housing |
EP3575014A1 (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-04 | Vincenz Wiederholt GmbH | Shock absorber tube and method for its production |
CN116020950A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-04-28 | 安溪藤铁家居工业设计研究院有限公司 | Flaring device for hollow rattan iron pipe orifice |
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FR2129921A1 (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1972-11-03 | Besson Louis | |
DE3708978A1 (en) | 1987-03-19 | 1988-09-29 | Boge Ag | Gas-pressure damper of twin-tube telescopic design |
DE4127453C1 (en) | 1991-08-20 | 1992-11-26 | August Bilstein Gmbh & Co. Kg, 5828 Ennepetal, De | Twin tube shock absorber - has piston running in tube with sheet metal end piece |
DE4437395A1 (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-02 | Werdau Fahrzeugwerk | Method for upsetting pipe ends and device for carrying out the method |
FR2782661A1 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-03 | Allevard Ressorts Automobile | Method of making motor vehicle torsion bar involves cold swaging ends of blank to increase diameter and drawing middle section of blank |
WO2005016570A1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2005-02-24 | Willy Voit Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing hollow bodies, hollow body, and use of the same |
DE102004022409B4 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2010-03-25 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Piston-cylinder assembly |
GB2486224A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | Europ Technical Ct Nsk | Tailored Thickness Steering Tube |
EP2546005A1 (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2013-01-16 | Hirotec Corporation | Metal pipe, and method and device for processing metal pipe |
WO2013127425A1 (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-06 | Schmittergroup Ag | Hollow drive shaft with flange and method for the production thereof |
WO2014082666A1 (en) | 2012-11-28 | 2014-06-05 | Schmittergroup Ag | Cylinder tube closed at the end so as to be fluid-tight and method for production thereof |
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DE19516412C2 (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 2000-11-30 | Krupp Bilstein Gmbh | Damper cylinder for a vibration damper |
JP2009142856A (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-07-02 | Showa Corp | Tube expanding method and apparatus of damper tube |
WO2014067581A1 (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-08 | Schmittergroup Ag | Method for producing different wall thicknesses of a container tube |
-
2016
- 2016-03-03 DE DE102016103824.5A patent/DE102016103824A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-03-01 EP EP17158722.3A patent/EP3213837A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (11)
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FR2129921A1 (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1972-11-03 | Besson Louis | |
DE3708978A1 (en) | 1987-03-19 | 1988-09-29 | Boge Ag | Gas-pressure damper of twin-tube telescopic design |
DE4127453C1 (en) | 1991-08-20 | 1992-11-26 | August Bilstein Gmbh & Co. Kg, 5828 Ennepetal, De | Twin tube shock absorber - has piston running in tube with sheet metal end piece |
DE4437395A1 (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-05-02 | Werdau Fahrzeugwerk | Method for upsetting pipe ends and device for carrying out the method |
FR2782661A1 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-03 | Allevard Ressorts Automobile | Method of making motor vehicle torsion bar involves cold swaging ends of blank to increase diameter and drawing middle section of blank |
WO2005016570A1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2005-02-24 | Willy Voit Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing hollow bodies, hollow body, and use of the same |
DE102004022409B4 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2010-03-25 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Piston-cylinder assembly |
GB2486224A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | Europ Technical Ct Nsk | Tailored Thickness Steering Tube |
EP2546005A1 (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2013-01-16 | Hirotec Corporation | Metal pipe, and method and device for processing metal pipe |
WO2013127425A1 (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-06 | Schmittergroup Ag | Hollow drive shaft with flange and method for the production thereof |
WO2014082666A1 (en) | 2012-11-28 | 2014-06-05 | Schmittergroup Ag | Cylinder tube closed at the end so as to be fluid-tight and method for production thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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DIN EN 10305-2, May 2010 (2010-05-01) |
DIN EN 10305-2, November 2002 (2002-11-01) |
DIN EN 10305-3, February 2003 (2003-02-01) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107120380A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-09-01 | 北京京西重工有限公司 | Damper housing and the method for manufacturing damper housing |
EP3255301A1 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-13 | BeijingWest Industries Co. Ltd. | A damper housing and a method for manufacturing the damper housing |
CN107120380B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2019-02-12 | 北京京西重工有限公司 | Damper shell and the method for manufacturing damper shell |
US10850584B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2020-12-01 | Beijingwest Industries Co., Ltd. | Damper housing and a method for manufacturing the damper housing |
EP3575014A1 (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-04 | Vincenz Wiederholt GmbH | Shock absorber tube and method for its production |
CN116020950A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-04-28 | 安溪藤铁家居工业设计研究院有限公司 | Flaring device for hollow rattan iron pipe orifice |
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DE102016103824A1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
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