EP3211972B1 - Floor lamp comprising a programmable control unit for energy efficient and ambient light dependent control of direct illumination and indirect illumination - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to a floor lamp with daylight or foreign light dependent economical control (Economical Daylight Regulation EDR). In this case, the direct and indirect light sources are controlled asynchronously and with a switch-on delay by means of a programmable logic controller due to directed light sensor technology. Office space today is mainly illuminated with autonomous floor lamps, which are equipped with LED bulbs. In contrast to the previously used compact fluorescent lamps, the new light sources such as e.g. LED bulbs or OLED bulbs more targeted emit the light in a defined direction, since they usually emit the light only at a maximum angle of 120-180 ° and not as in the compact fluorescent tubes at an angle of almost 360 °. These floor lamps are usually equipped, among other things, with daylight sensors, which allow the ambient brightness corresponding dimming of the light sources.

As a rule, the total of at least two lamps of a floor lamp are operated by an electronic operating device, the dimming of the individual lamps is carried out directly by PWM or amplitude adjustment of the control unit. The control unit can be dimmed by means of a manual pushbutton on the control unit, by external pushbuttons connected to the control unit or by a wireless digital interface with an external control unit. After actuation of the dimming function, the measured brightness value is stored as a set brightness value with the light sensor with a time delay. The control unit regulates or dims the lighting means as a function of the ambient brightness until the stored desired brightness value is reached. If the target brightness value is already determined by the Ambient light is reached, the bulbs are dimmed down to 0% or off. With a time delay, the control unit disconnects the power supply to the operating device through a relay contact.

It is accepted that the operating efficiency of the system light sources / operating device decreases with increasing dimming level. The energy requirement of a system operated in 1-3% mode is still up to 1-3W per device and in standby mode approx.> 0.5W. By capping the power supply to the operating device through the relay contact, the standby power of the operating device can be saved. The resulting effective standby power only results from the power requirement of the control unit itself and its optional radio interfaces.

The control electronics in combination with so-called dimmable electronic control gear and the dimmable LED bulbs can regulate the power from 100% to around 3-0%. All LED bulbs are dimmed synchronously. However, the operating efficiency of the system light sources / operating device deteriorates with increasing dimming level.

Office space today is largely illuminated with floor lamps. They offer individuality and mobility and, if designed accordingly, potential for saving energy. The floor lamps, which are used in the office area, are now operated almost exclusively with several LED bulbs, which are installed on the one hand directed downwards as direct and upwards as indirect light. A lateral coupling of the light and deflection of the light up or down is another possibility. These light sources offer high efficiency, good color rendering and dimming capability (PWM, amplitude dimming). The latter makes it possible to regulate the light sources / floor lamps in rooms with daylight or extraneous light content in accordance with the needs or ambient brightness. So they are dimmed at dawn, later turned off and turned back on after dusk and dimmed. With average office use, a dimmable floor lamp will rarely be used in 100% operation. And when the sky is overcast, often operating in the partial load range from 0 to 50%. The floor lamps are in Reference to the indirect and direct light component synchronously dimmed. In the application, however, the Indirektlichtanteil is highly dependent on the ceiling height and the reflectance of the ceiling, the direct light can be used directly without further large losses. DE 10 2012 219894 A1 shows a control or regulation of a lamp, with which the Indirektlichtanteil and the direct light portion of the lamp can be dimmed independently of each other, so are separated controllable or regulated. Preferably, the Indirektlichtanteil is first dimmed down and then the direct light component. WO 2014/115048 A1 shows a lighting device with two light beams with different light intensity, one of which radiates upward to a ceiling and the other down on a work surface. The two light beams are independently controllable or adjustable. With a control (controller), the dimming levels can be guided so that in a certain range of the luminous intensity of the dimming of the first light beam is kept in a certain ratio to the degree of dimming of the second light beam. EP 2 804 443 A1 shows a method for operating a lamp. In this case, a calculated amount of light of the direct amount of light is subtracted from the total amount of light for the indirect amount of light and controlled in accordance with the incoming light sensor at a light sensor and generated by the direct amount of light and any extraneous light, the lamp and turned on and off. The latter two documents thus disclose floor lamps with associated controls of the light output, wherein the floor lamp includes at least two lamps, which are controlled asynchronously with the controller or regulated. The controls are programmable memory and with them can according to the current daylight or ambient light with increasing daylight or ambient light dimmed down the more ineffective Indirektlichtanteil that is not radiated by the floor lamp in the direction of a work surface, and more efficient for the illumination of a work surface direct light component and then turned off. However, the two light components are not deliberately dimmed individually and coordinated.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a floor lamp with a control which better tracks the light by regulating the continuously changing daylight and at the same time makes it possible to reduce the associated decrease in the operating efficiency and thus electrical energy save. In addition, the more efficient in the application and more independent of the room geometry direct light is to be used as long as possible and only in the lower part load range dimmed, which should lead in the energy balance to a lower system performance at the same illumination of the work table.

This object is achieved by a floor lamp according to claim 1.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to some figures and the function of the programmable logic controller will be explained with reference to these figures.

Figur 1:

ein asynchrones Dimmverhalten schematisch dargestellt;

Figur 2:

Die Steuerungskomponenten schematisch dargestellt;

Figur 3:

Die Steuerung für eine Indirekt- und eine Direktlichtquelle schematisch dargestellt;

Figur 4:

Den Leuchtenrahmen mit den Komponenten für die Steuerung;

Figur 5:

Eine Stehleuchte für einen Bürotisch im praktischen Einsatz;

Figur 6:

Eine Leuchte mit nach oben und unten abstrahlenden LEDs;

Figur 7:

Eine Leuchte mit durch Reflexion an einem Reflektor nach oben und unten abstrahlenden LEDs;

Figur 8:

Eine Leuchte wie nach Figur 7, mit seitlich Licht eingekoppelten Lichtleiterplatten, mit durch Reflexion nach oben und unten abstrahlenden LEDs, jedoch mit einer Reflektortrennschicht;

Figur 9:

Eine schematische Darstellung des Dimmverhaltens und der damit erzielbaren Leistungseinsparung;

Figur 10:

Eine Random Power On Schaltung in Form eines Funktions-Schemas der Einschaltverzögerung;

Figur 11:

Eine Oriented and Calibrated Light Sensoric mit Grafik über die Funktion der gerichteten Lichtsensorik und Leuchtenkalibration.

It shows:

FIG. 1:

an asynchronous dimming behavior is shown schematically;

FIG. 2:

The control components are shown schematically;

FIG. 3:

The control for an indirect and a direct light source shown schematically;

FIG. 4:

The lamp frame with the components for the control;

FIG. 5:

A floor lamp for a desk in practical use;

FIG. 6:

A luminaire with up and down emitting LEDs;

FIG. 7:

A luminaire with LEDs emitting upwards and downwards by reflection from a reflector;

FIG. 8:

A lamp like after FIG. 7 , with light-coupled laterally light guide plates, with emitting by reflection up and down LEDs, but with a reflector separation layer;

FIG. 9:

A schematic representation of the dimming behavior and the achievable power savings;

FIG. 10:

A random power on circuit in the form of a functional scheme of the on-delay;

FIG. 11:

An Oriented and Calibrated Light Sensoric with graphics on the function of the directed light sensor and luminaire calibration .

Conventional control electronics, in combination with so-called dimmable electronic control gear and the dimmable LED bulbs, can regulate the light output from 100% to 1%. But all light sources are usually dimmed synchronously. However, the operating efficiency of the system with respect to the indirect / direct light source deteriorates as the dimming level increases because the more efficient direct light in the application is dimmed in synchronism with the less efficient indirect light to readjust to the desired brightness level.

This effect is counteracted according to the invention by the developed programmable logic controller with its electronics dimming the indirect or direct light sources asynchronously. Thus, a daylight-dependent or external light-dependent economical control of the floor lamps is achieved (Economical Daylight Regulation EDR). For this purpose, the direct and indirect light sources are controlled asynchronously and with a switch-on delay by means of directional light sensor technology by means of a programmable logic control electronics. In order to operate the luminaire in the optimized partial load range, this is the case in the application Inefficient indirect light initially dimmed to a level of 40%. The more efficient direct light component is then dimmed down from 100% to 0% along with the less economical indirect light. The daylight and external light-dependent floor lamp control with asynchronous light source regulation thus takes the following effect into account: The electronics control each light source separately. Thus, by means of appropriate software, first the indirect light source and then the other direct light source can be activated or dimmed. For the 40% direct light operation of the floor lamp, the direct light can therefore be operated at 100%, while the indirect light is dimmed. In the <40% direct light mode of the floor lamp, the indirect and direct light is dimmed together. The achievable energy savings increase with increasing dimming levels to over 10-30% compared to similar lighting systems.

Precondition for the asynchronous regulation is the hardware-side possibility of the control electronics to control the individual light sources separately. The electronics measures via a light sensor by means of e.g. a photo diode the lighting conditions in the range of the floor lamp and compares the measured value with the Sollhelligkeits value, i. the factory setting or the value defined by the user. By suitable control or regulation of the light sources, the illuminance measured via the photo diode is readjusted over a wide range to the setpoint brightness value by an electronic processor / control circuit integrated in the lighting control.

The maximum possible total illumination power of 100% is output when both lamps are operated by the controller with the defined full load. To calibrate the individual channels, the bulbs are operated at full load with a PWM signal to ensure the closest possible tolerance in terms of light intensity can. Alternatively, a calibration of the individual channels by a specific calibration per channel by amplitude Dimming done.

The system performance can be significantly reduced by the LED technology by the more efficient bulbs compared to the previous compact fluorescent tubes. This has a positive effect on the maximum number of luminaires per Safety circuit breaker off. With the LED bulbs, however, there is a high inrush current when switching on, which can temporarily become too high and has a negative effect on the maximum number of luminaires per circuit breaker. In practice, so usually the maximum allowable power per circuit breaker can not be exhausted because, for example, in a power failure or when switching on the power supply, the resulting accumulation of inrush currents of the individual lights to trigger the circuit breaker leads because all lights turn on at the same time. With the RPO (Random Power On) technology this effect can be countered. The controller has its own power supply or driver (AC / DC converter). With a relay, the operating device is switched on for the operation of the LED when light is required. In the event of a power failure, the luminaire will be operated again as it was before the power failure, ie if it has previously lit, the luminaire will switch on again, but if it has not lit, it will not switch on. This function can be used to minimize the number of standing lamps that switch on. In addition, the luminaires switch on with a time delay using a random algorithm, so that accumulation of the inrush currents can be statistically neglected or limited to a minimum. By switching off via relay of the operating device, the standby power can also be reduced to a minimum.

The light sensor is necessary for the readjustment to the stored target brightness value when the ambient light or the daylight changes, so that a constant illuminance on the table can be ensured. The majority of the light sensor is located below the lamp head and is aligned directly downwards. There are great differences in the quality of the light sensors in this regard, especially with regard to the detected area, which usually only affects a small area directly below the luminaire. Depending on the position of the luminaire and the surface quality of the area being measured, such as with a black or white table, the natural light of the luminaire and the ambient light has a different influence on the measured brightness value. Here arises the problem that the luminaire regulates differently depending on the given surface and space qualities. The norm illuminance of 500lx In the field of visual task can be guaranteed in this respect usually not fully or only with strong general over-illumination.

The entire light of all the light sources used is always composed of the two parts direct light and indirect light. As the schematic of FIG. 1 As shown, with an asynchronous control of a floor lamp in the application, the more efficient direct light component of each individual light source can be operated as long as possible during the dimming process with 100% light output. The more inefficient indirect light of each light source, which depends on the reflectance of the ceiling as well as the ceiling height, is therefore first dimmed and finally dimmed to 0% together with the direct light.

The FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the control electronics for this control. It includes a rotary potentiometer 1 for setting the overrun time and the Areatest of the motion sensor. The controller further includes a PIR motion sensor 2, which has alignable terminals 3 for the lighting means in its sensitive direction. 4 indicates the button connections for dimming and switching on / off. A connection 5 serves to supply with electric current. A driver 6 provides power to the controller. A relay 7 is used to switch the operating device on / off. There are other primary terminal drivers 9 and a secondary terminal driver 8. The light sensor 10 is used for continuous measurement of the lighting conditions. A button 11 with status LED is used for dimming and for switching the control on and off.

The FIG. 3 shows a controller 15 for an indirect 13 and a direct light source 12 shown schematically. The controller 15 controls the indirect light source 13, which radiates upward on a ceiling, and the direct light source 12, which radiates downward onto a work surface. It is supplied by the signals of a light sensor 10 and a motion sensor 2. Next is a supply 5 with electrical current available and a control gear 14, which is switched on and off by means of a relay 7.

The FIG. 4 represents the lamp frame with the components of the controller. It consists of a lamp frame head 16, in which the bulbs 12,13 are housed. The control electronics 15 controls these bulbs 12,13. The operating device 14 for the supply of the lamps is housed as shown here in the lamp frame. A standpipe attachment 17 allows to fix the lamp frame on a standpipe.

The FIG. 5 shows a floor lamp 18 for an office or work table 21 in practical use. As can be seen from this figure, a direct light portion 19 shines directly on the work table 21, while the Indirectlichtanteile 20 are first reflected on the wall and or ceiling and only then radiate on the worktable surface. 22 denotes the visual task area on the table surface.

The FIG. 6 shows a luminaire with upwardly radiating LEDs 23, which are arranged on a direct light LED panel 30, and the downwardly radiating LEDs 24 accordingly in an indirect light LED panel 25. All these components are housed in the lamp head 26.

The FIG. 7 shows an alternative lamp head 26 with a reflector 31 for reflecting the light rays of the up and down emitting LEDs 23,24.

The FIG. 8 shows a light as after FIG. 7 , with LEDs 23, 24 emitting by reflection by means of the light guide plates 32, 33 upwards and downwards, but with a reflector separation layer 31, so that these two light components can always be controlled separately.

In FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the dimming and the achievable power savings shown. As can be seen, the luminous efficacy curve is linear between 100% and 0% with a conventional luminaire and dimming, whereas the asynchronous dimming according to this control is not linear, but describes an arc and falls below the line of linear luminous efficacy. The difference reflects the saving in required power.

The FIG. 10 shows a random power on circuit in the form of a functional scheme, with the components power, driver, control, time delay and Time slot selection, the relay, control gear and the lamps, in the switched on as well as in the off state.

The FIG. 11 finally shows the detection range of the light sensor 10, in comparison to a conventional light sensor 27 and a directed light sensor 28 ( Oriented and Calibrated Light Sensoric OCLS). The light sensor detects the light frame head 16 from exactly the desired area 28 of the work table, and the light intensity is precisely matched to the time of day or to the brightness of the room and changes with the time of day or otherwise occurring darkening automatically. With an additional sensor 35, the light brightness radiating onto the work surface can be continuously determined. So, when the sun shines into the room, and clouds suddenly rise or a thunderstorm comes up and it gets surprisingly dark during the day, the controller reacts automatically and compensates for it. The determined brightness values are then continuously calculated with the detected measured values of the light sensor 10 and the maximum light influence of the luminaire. The maximum light influence of the luminaire is determined by calibration of the luminaire, ie the difference in brightness is measured when the illuminants are switched off and the light output is full.

When using LED light sources and their operating devices, a short-term, very high current peak usually arises when switching on. When defining the maximum number of luminaires per circuit breaker, it is therefore usually not the cumulative total output of the floor luminaires that determines the cumulative inrush current peaks. The control according to the invention optimizes and reduces the cumulation of the inrush current peaks by the use of a relay and its switch-on algorithm. This effect of too high a single current peak is counteracted, in which the newly developed controller individually controls the light sources and asynchronously dims.

The separation of the indirect light or. Direct light component can be done as shown by downward and upward shining LED bulbs, by laterally shining LED bulbs, which with reflectors separately divert the light on the one hand upwards and downwards, or by two superimposed edges feeding light guide plates. With the Oriented and Calibrated Light Sensoric (OCLS) Technology succeeds in detecting the influence of the intrinsic light and accordingly ensuring the minimum requirement of 500lx by optimizing the dimming curve. By manually calibrating the luminaire control in a special calibration mode, the dimming curve can be adapted to the outside conditions. This is ensured by rapid switching on and off of the indirect and direct light component. The maximum or minimum influence or brightness value of the light sensor on the luminaire control or an external sensor (by wireless transmission of the measured data to the control) is measured. From this data, the maximum brightness difference or light influence of the luminaire can be calculated. With this data, the stored dimming curve is demensprechend optimized and ensures the minimum illuminance of 500lx. In addition, the detection area of the light sensor is exposed by primary optics to the area of the visual task 28 (FIG. Fig. 11 ) aligned as broadly as possible at the worktable and an average brightness value is determined.

In practice, mostly for cost reasons, 2-workstation standing lights are used. Today, more and more height-adjustable tables are being used in the offices. Since the floor lamps only have one light or motion sensor, it is not possible to have separate control or adapted lighting per workstation. This has the consequence that the height adjustment of a workplace, the situation may occur that the second workplace is insufficiently lit or too well lit.

An Oriented and Calibrated Light Sensoric (OCLS) technology can be used to provide a separate and optimized readjustment per workstation using additional light, distance, and motion sensors. The additional sensors are connected either directly to the luminaire head or via an external sensor with wireless data transmission to the controller. A specific target brightness value per workstation can be stored in the control. The storage takes place after a time delay after manual dimming.

With an asynchronous dimming behavior, the more efficient direct light component can be used as long as possible. The more inefficient indirect light component is first dimmed, which at the same illumination quality of the work surface to a Energy saving leads. In addition, with a time delay, the controller disconnects the power supply from the operating device, for example, by means of a relay contact in order to additionally save the standby power of the operating device. The time delay is based on a random algorithm to minimize cumming of inrush current peaks.

digits directory

1

Rotary

2

motion sensor

3

Connections bulbs

4

switch ports

5

Connection for power supply

6

Driver / AC / DC converter of the controller

7

relay

8th

Secondary connection driver

9

Primäaranschluss driver

10

light sensor

11

Button with status LED

12

Direct light source

13

Indirect light source

14

control gear

15

control

16

Lights frame head

17

Standpipe mounting

18

floor lamp

19

Direct light

20

Indirect light

21

worktable

22

Sehaufgabenbereich

23

Upwardly emitting LEDs

24

Downward emitting LEDs

25

Direct light LEDs

26

lamp head

27

Detection range of a non-directional light sensor

28

Desired detection range of the light sensor (OCLS)

29

Detection center / focus of a non-directional light sensor

30

Indirect light LED panel

31

Reflector separating layer

32

Light guide plate indirectly

33

Light guide plate directly

34

Detection center / focus of a directional light sensor (OCLS)

Claims (10)

1. Floor lamp (18) having an electronic control system for the light output, wherein the floor lamp comprises at least two lighting means (12, 13) which can be controlled asynchronously with the electronic control system, or wherein at least one lighting means (12) generates a direct light component for illuminating a work surface and at least one lighting means (13) generates an indirect light component which is not emitted by the free-standing luminaire in the direction of the work surface, wherein the control electronics can be stored-programmed and can be used to dim down and switch off the indirect light component, which is more inefficient for illuminating the work surface, and the direct light component, which is more efficient for illuminating the work surface, in accordance with the current daylight, with increasing daylight or extraneous light, and the indirect light component, which is more efficient for illuminating the work surface, characterized in that the control electronics are adapted to first dim only the indirect light component up to 40% when the daylight or extraneous light increases, and then to dim the more efficient direct light component from 100% to 0% light output together with the indirect light component from 40% to 0% light output and then to switch it off, wherein the control electronics are further adapted to dim the light output inversely when the daylight decreases.
2. Floor lamp (18) with associated control electronics for the light output according to claim 1, characterised in that the light intensity can be regulated to a defined brightness level by means of the control electronics when the daylight level rises or falls on the basis of a stored desired brightness value, and this desired brightness value can be automatically stored with a time delay when the dimming function is actuated manually.
3. Floor lamp (18) with associated control electronics for the light output according to one of the preceding requirements, characterised in that, in order to protect the lighting means and to improve the light ergonomics, the lighting means can be switched on or off in the course of an automatic switching-on and switching-off process by dimming with a specific time duration, wherein this time duration or follow-up time can be set by means of a potentiometer from 2 min. to a maximum of 30 min.
4. Floor lamp (18) with associated control electronics for the light output according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, after a power failure, the lighting means (12, 13) can be operated by the control electronics through an integrated memory in such a way that it switches on if it was previously switched on, or does not switch on if it was already not previously switched on.
5. Floor lamp (18) with associated control electronics for the light output according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, during operation of the lighting means (12, 13) under full load, these lighting means, controlled by the control electronics, can be operated with a PWM signal so that the output can be calibrated to the individual lighting means, or in that a calibration by amplitude dimming can be applied, via which the respective lighting means can be operated differently under full load.
6. Floor lamp (18) with associated control electronics for the light output according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, for its use as a multiple work surface lamp, a plurality of separate light and movement sensors are provided, by means of which the lighting means per work surface can be controlled specifically and independently of one another, for switching on/off and for dimming, and the lighting means can also be controlled by manual actuation of operating elements such as, for example, buttons on the standpipe of the free-standing luminaire or on the luminaire head of the free-standing luminaire by which they are separately dimmable or can be switched on and off separately, wherein the desired brightness value per work surface can be stored separately with a time delay, and wherein the height of the work surface can be determined by means of distance sensors and the light output of height-adjustable tables can be regulated to the stored desired brightness value.
7. Floor lamp (18) with associated control electronics for the light output according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that automatic switching on of the floor lamp can be effected with a time delay by a switching on algorithm based on chance in order to reduce accumulation of the switch-on currents.
8. Floor lamp (18) with associated control electronics for the light output according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in a floor lamp there is an associated operating device which can be switched off by a relay of the control electronics, and switching off during regulation according to the current daylight can be effected with a time delay, so that switching off only takes place when a programmed desired brightness value has been reached by the ambient light, and when this desired brightness value has been set by the ambient light, and when this desired brightness value has been set by the ambient light, the control electronics of the floor lamp (18) can be switched off by a relay of the control electronics.
9. Floor lamp (18) with associated control electronics for the light output according to claim 1, characterised in that a non-linear dimming curve can be generated with it, in that this dimming curve can be optimised to such an extent that in the region of the work surface to be illuminated the light intensity can be readjusted to as constant an illuminance as possible and, depending on the brightness of the work surface to be illuminated, a specific dimming curve can be stored with a specific dimming curve or Calibration by determining the maximum light influence of the luminaire in relation to the measured brightness value of the light sensor.
10. Floor lamp (18) with associated control electronics for the light output in accordance with one of the preceding requirements, characterised in that a dimming behaviour or a dimming curve can be adapted and optimised by calibration as a function of a brightness of the work surface to be illuminated and an existing room geometry, namely the room size and the degree of reflection of the surrounding surfaces.

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