EP3211642A1 - Câble de données et fil de litz - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3211642A1
EP3211642A1 EP17150367.5A EP17150367A EP3211642A1 EP 3211642 A1 EP3211642 A1 EP 3211642A1 EP 17150367 A EP17150367 A EP 17150367A EP 3211642 A1 EP3211642 A1 EP 3211642A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
data cable
stranded conductor
outer wires
conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17150367.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dominik DORNER
Erwin Köppendörfer
Johannes Nachtrab
Rainer PÖHMERER
Yücel Sahiner
Markus Schill
Wolfgang Stadler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leoni Kabel GmbH
Original Assignee
Leoni Kabel Holding GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leoni Kabel Holding GmbH filed Critical Leoni Kabel Holding GmbH
Publication of EP3211642A1 publication Critical patent/EP3211642A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/12—Arrangements for exhibiting specific transmission characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/0009—Details relating to the conductive cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/002—Pair constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/30—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying alternating current, e.g. due to skin effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a data cable and a stranded conductor.
  • a stranded conductor which has a plurality of specially shaped outer wires grouped around a central inner wire.
  • the outer wires have a triangular cross-sectional shape with rounded corners, resulting in a particularly compact conductor.
  • a data cable is primarily for signal transmission, often at high frequencies e.g. in the GHz range.
  • the current conduction then takes place mainly on the outer circumference of the conductor due to the skin effect.
  • the problem now is that the outer circumference is not circular owing to the plurality of combined individual wires and as a result unavoidable variances and impurities are present, which have an overall negative effect on the transmission characteristics during signal transmission and lead to a high signal attenuation.
  • the data cable is primarily for transmission of signals, i. Data, for example at high frequencies in the range between a few 100 kHz, in particular 1 MHz, and 100 GHz.
  • the data cable has a stranded conductor, which has a non-compressed composite of a plurality of individual wires. These individual wires are similar and designed as outer wires and arranged around a center.
  • the outer wires are formed with a non-circular cross-section, i. with a non-circular cross-sectional shape, so viewed in cross-section, the expansion of the outer wires starting from the center increases radially outward.
  • the individual wires which are intended as outer wires for a corresponding stranded conductor, are prefabricated in particular with a non-circular cross-section and arranged as such around the center, i. the outer wires are already stranded with a non-circular cross-section.
  • the transmission characteristics of the data cable are significantly improved.
  • Essential here is the approximation of the outer circumference of the stranded conductor to a circular shape.
  • the outer wires are each specially shaped segments, which form a ring-shaped composite to a good approximation. Due to the non-circular configuration, a respective outer wire together with an imaginary circumference around the entire stranded conductor around advantageously a plurality of points of contact and not just one, as in round individual wires of a conventional stranded conductor.
  • the gussets formed between the individual wires on the outer circumference are significantly smaller, so that there is a particularly small variance in diameter in the direction of rotation around the stranded conductor. The effect of the gussets as impurities in the signal transmission is reduced accordingly.
  • Another advantage is, in particular, that during the signal transmission, the current distribution in the specially shaped stranded conductor is more homogeneous.
  • the current density increases from the inside to the outside and reaches a maximum at the outermost points of the stranded conductor.
  • the external current density is much better distributed and therefore more homogeneous, which ultimately results in lower signal attenuation.
  • the path from the radially outermost point of an outer conductor to the point of contact with an adjacent outer conductor is reduced.
  • This is particularly important in high-frequency lines of importance, since a current flow is not necessarily only in the individual wires, but rather can also be done between the individual wires. Along the distance to be covered by the current, this results in a loss, which is advantageously reduced by the special shape of the outer conductor.
  • Another loss results at the point of contact of two outer wires. This loss is dependent on the contact area between the outer wires and correspondingly large for circular individual wires. In contrast, in the present case, the contact area is increased and the loss is reduced accordingly. Overall, therefore, in the present data cable, the losses, which usually arise especially for high-frequency signals, significantly reduced.
  • the special shape and arrangement of the outer wires also has advantages in terms of stress distribution in the stranded conductor. Due to the generally rounder design of both the individual individual wires and the entire composite of the individual wires, the stress distribution is overall more homogeneous. The risk of partial discharges is significantly reduced, i.
  • the data cable has an improved partial discharge resistance.
  • an additional conductive inner layer is sometimes placed within the composite for field control. In the present case, such can be dispensed with and advantageously also dispensed with.
  • the composite of individual wires is not pressed in the finished stranded conductor, so it is not subsequently deformed by compression or by compaction of originally round individual wires in the non-circular geometry.
  • the non-circular cross section of the outer wires is chosen so that the given space or space is used as fully as possible and that the cross section of the composite at least in the peripheral region, that is as circular as possible along the peripheral contour. As a result, the circumferentially remaining gussets are at least significantly reduced in comparison to round individual wires.
  • such a non-compressed composite of individual wires has a high resistance to alternating bending, which is advantageous for a large number of applications.
  • a high alternating bending resistance or bending fatigue resistance is understood here to mean that the stranded conductor can withstand relatively many bending change processes, that is to say exhibits low fatigue phenomena during a bending cycle stress.
  • This high alternating bending resistance is achieved in comparison to a compacted stranded conductor just by dispensing with the compacting step and the simultaneous use of non-circular individual wires in the initial state before stranding.
  • the individual wires are in fact - compared to compacted stranded conductor - comparatively loosely against each other, so that they are friction relative to each other.
  • the individual wires in the compacted stranded conductor are deformed by the compaction in such a way that they are pressed against one another in a flat manner and thus are practically interlocked with one another at their surfaces.
  • the advantage of compacted stranded conductors is maintained, namely to obtain a round as possible peripheral contour.
  • Such a stranded conductor is used in particular as a super-thin line, in particular vehicle line.
  • the data conductor is surrounded by a shield.
  • the shield surrounds in a variant only the data conductor or alternatively also several or all data conductors together.
  • the shield is formed, for example, as a film, banding or braid. Due to the particularly round shape of the stranded conductor results in the direction of rotation also a particularly uniform distance between the stranded conductor and the shield, whereby the transmission characteristics of the data cable are further improved overall.
  • the data conductor is concentrically surrounded by the shield and forms with this a coaxial cable.
  • the distance between the stranded conductor, i. a circumferential contour of the stranded conductor, and the shield is particularly homogeneous in the direction of rotation.
  • the data conductor forms a core and preferably several cores are combined to form a composite.
  • several veins form a stranded composite.
  • two wires form a pair of wires, which is preferably surrounded by a pair shielding.
  • the pair of wires is preferably stranded and then forms a so-called "twisted pair" which does not necessarily have to be surrounded by a pair shielding.
  • the wires of the pair are routed in parallel and form an undistorted pair.
  • the particularly round peripheral contour of the stranded conductor is advantageous, since in this way the distance between the two stranded conductors of the pair of wires is particularly uniform. Especially with stranded wires, which run around each other, results in a particularly uniform distance between the two wires due to the particularly round peripheral contour along the entire length of the wire pair.
  • the wires can also be arranged in a quadruple compound, for example in a so-called star quad.
  • the insulation is either individually applied to the stranded conductor or designed as a common insulation.
  • the insulation consists for example of a plastic and is extruded.
  • central conductor which is arranged in the center and in particular also as a single wire, i. then formed as an inner wire.
  • the central conductor is then preferably circular.
  • the individual wires are advantageously adapted to the particular application.
  • this preferably consists of the one central conductor and a plurality, in particular six outer wires.
  • stranded conductors with a plurality of outer layers at least the outermost layer of the outer wires is formed with the non-circular cross-section.
  • the outer wires in this case surround the center indirectly with the interposition of one or more intermediate layers of individual wires, which are round or preferably formed out of round as well as the outermost outer wires.
  • the stranded conductor is free of a central conductor, ie no conductor is arranged in the center.
  • the outer wires namely each form segments which support each other like a vault, so that no support or support element is needed in the center and expediently waived such.
  • forces acting on the composite are deflected in the longitudinal direction of the stranded conductor.
  • the inner wire is saved and achieved in this way a material saving.
  • a weight reduction is achieved, in particular in the range of about 3 to 8% compared to conventional stranded conductors. Even with a stranded conductor with several layers of outer wires, an empty center, ie an omission of the inner wire is advantageous.
  • the variant without inner wire, in particular with a cavity or empty space in the center is particularly advantageous with regard to a packaging of the data cable.
  • crimping the stranded conductor is crimped end in a crimp.
  • a conventional B-shaped crimp with two arms these are pressed into the stranded conductor and form two chambers, on which the individual wires are distributed.
  • a conventional stranded conductor having a 6 + 1 geometry i. with an inner wire inevitably results in an unequal distribution, whereas in the absence of inner wire, the six outer wires are evenly distributed, resulting in a more advantageous homogeneous mechanical load.
  • This embodiment with the cavity in the center can in principle also be used for stranded conductors which are not used for data conductors.
  • a functional element is arranged in the center of the stranded conductor, in particular instead of an inner wire.
  • the center is thereby assigned an alternative use in an advantageous and space-saving manner.
  • the functional element is then guided in particular centrally and uniformly surrounded by the outer wires.
  • the outer wires advantageously form a mechanical protection for the inner functional element.
  • the functional element is designed as a strain relief.
  • the stranded conductor is particularly robust with respect to a tensile load along the longitudinal direction.
  • the functional element here is, for example, a steel wire or a tension-resistant carrier thread, for example made of aramid, or polyamide.
  • the functional element is designed as a latent heat store.
  • the data cable can intercept temperature peaks during operation particularly well by storing heat in the functional element. This is then regenerated at a later time again while the heat is released again.
  • the latent heat storage thus acts as a thermal buffer and is made for example of a polymer-based material.
  • a suitable one Latent heat storage is for example in the DE 10 2012 014 944 described and is used there as a thermal energy storage in a cable.
  • an optical fiber is alternatively or additionally used as a functional element.
  • an insulated against the outer wires inner wire is suitable in principle as a functional element.
  • the preformed individual wires each have a cross-sectional shape such that the cross section of the entire composite is as round as possible and thus comes as close as possible to a circle.
  • a cross-sectional shape at least approximated to a triangular cross-sectional shape is selected for the outer wires, the shape of an equilateral triangle being preferred.
  • the outer wires are then arranged such that viewed in cross section, a corner of each outer wire points radially inward toward the center.
  • the outer wires are then virtually point-like on the inner wire or on the functional element; when using an intermediate layer between the outer wires and the center corresponding to the intermediate layer.
  • outer wires and the center is thus generally realized essentially a point support, due to which a high flexibility and high resistance to bending of the composite and ultimately also the stranded conductor and the data cable is given as a whole.
  • compacted stranded conductors viewed in cross section, i. formed linear contact zones transversely to the longitudinal direction.
  • the individual wires are formed approximately in the manner of a trapezoid, wherein in particular the oriented to the inner wire trapezoidal surface is concave and conforms to the rounding of the inner wire.
  • a triangular cross-sectional shape is selected for the outer wires, in which the corners are rounded, ie the cross-sectional shape has rounded Corners on.
  • Such a cross-sectional shape can be more easily realized, among other things.
  • the sides of the triangular cross-section are arched outwards and thus arc-shaped, i. the cross-sectional shape of the outer wires has rounded corners.
  • the outer wires touch each other quasi selectively, which in turn attracts a high flexibility and high resistance to bending of the composite.
  • the arc shape is characterized in particular by a radius which is greater than the radius of a conventional circular single-wire, so that the actual contact surface of two adjacent outer wires is greater than in a conventional stranded conductor.
  • an embodiment of the stranded conductor in which the outer wires have a cross-sectional shape in the manner of a Reuleaux triangle with rounded corners.
  • a shaped cross-sectional shape is characterized by convexly outwardly curved side surfaces and rounded corners. Both on the side surfaces and at the corners, the individual wires are therefore only punctiform in view of cross-section on adjacent stranded conductors.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous in view of the desired high bending flexibility.
  • the outer wires are shaped and arranged such that between adjacent outer wires in a good approximation, a point support is given, ie in each case two adjacent outer wires touch punctiform.
  • punctual is meant in particular that the abutting outer wires are basically curved at the point of contact, that is, convex, and thereby in cross-section touch only at one point.
  • the outer wires together form a center enveloping and enclosing Outer layer of which, seen in cross-section shows a substantially circular circumference.
  • each case two adjacent outer wires touch each other flat, i. viewed in cross-section linear.
  • the contact surface between the outer wires is advantageously increased, resulting in reduced losses in the transmission of signals.
  • the surface contact results in particular after the stranding in that in this case the outer wires are at least slightly pressed against each other.
  • a cross-sectionally linear, in particular straight, contact zone i. in the longitudinal direction of the stranded conductor results in a corresponding contact surface.
  • Due to the generally curved peripheral contour the outer wires do not lie completely flat against each other, but only in respective sections of the peripheral contours of the outer wires. This provides an optimal compromise between good bending cycle stability and a large, i. low-loss contact zone is realized.
  • the contact zone is then limited in particular by the gusset, in particular both from the inside and from the outside.
  • the outer wires are preferably coated with an insulating sheath or insulation, for example made of plastic, wherein the wall thickness of the insulation due to the almost circular periphery of the outer layer is seen in the circumferential direction is almost constant.
  • an insulating sheath or insulation for example made of plastic
  • the composite of individual wires advantageously has a cross-sectional area of less than 2.5 mm 2 and in particular less than 1.5 mm 2 .
  • the cross-sectional area is in particular the sum of the cross-sectional shapes of the outer wires, ie the center is excluded. With additional use of an inner wire, this will added accordingly.
  • cross-sectional areas 0.35 mm 2 , 0.75 mm 2 and 1 mm 2 , which are also preferably used here.
  • the stranded conductor expediently has a lay length, which is preferably 4 mm to 30 mm. Lower strike lengths are advantageous at higher frequencies. Impact length is understood to be the axial length of the stranded conductor which is required for a 360 ° winding of a respective individual wire. In contrast to conventional strands with round individual wires, the lay length is significantly lower, in particular approximately by a factor of 2. In particular, the lay length is also at least largely independent of the respective diameter of the composite of individual wires. Stranded conductors of different diameters therefore have identical or at least comparable lay lengths, which are within the stated range. In conventional assemblies, the lay length varies with diameters. Investigations have shown that this shortened lay length is of particular advantage and undesired twisting of the non-round individual wires about their center axis from the desired rotational orientation is avoided. This ensures the defined, desired alignment of the individual wires in the composite.
  • a prefabrication of the individual wires with non-circular cross section in particular by a usually multi-stage drawing process.
  • the individual wires thus formed are preferably subjected to an annealing procedure (soft annealing) to ensure the desired flexural elastic properties of the individual wires.
  • the individual wires are then stranded or stranded and finally provided with the insulation, for which purpose, for example, an extruder of a Verlitzmaschine is immediately downstream.
  • a compression of the individual wires or the composite of individual wires and a further annealing procedure after the stranding is not made.
  • FIG. 1 sketched data conductor 1 has a stranded conductor 2, which is constructed in the embodiment of seven individual wires, six individual wires are arranged as outer wires 4 around a center Z around, in which a central conductor, here an inner wire 6 is arranged.
  • the inner wire 6 in this case has a circular cross-section and the outer wires 4 are positioned around this inner wire 6 in the manner of a common division.
  • the inner wire 6 is dispensed with, ie the center Z is then free of an inner wire.
  • the outer wires 4 are identical, ie designed similar and have a cross-sectional shape, which corresponds to a good approximation of the shape of a Reuleaux triangle with rounded corners.
  • This cross-sectional shape is in Fig. 2 shown enlarged and shown for comparison purposes together with an equilateral triangle with a side length L.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the outer wires 4 starting from a triangular shape, has rounded corners.
  • the sides are arched outwards.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the outer wires 4 is made up of two different circular segment shapes, wherein the corners of the Reuleaux triangular shape are each formed by a circular segment shape having a radius R E and wherein the sides of the Reuleaux triangular shape are each formed by a circular segment shape having a radius R s .
  • the side length L is for example in the range of 0.25 mm - 0.6 mm, in particular about 0.4 mm.
  • the radius R S is approximately 10 times the radius R E and is, for example, 0.6 mm to 1 mm, in particular 0.8 mm.
  • the composite of outer wires 4 and the inner wire 6 is designed such that viewed in cross section, a corner of each outer wire 4 punctually on the inner wire 6 and that between adjacent outer wires 4 also a point support, so a punctual contact is given.
  • the outer wires 4 together form a closed outer layer 8, through which the center Z is completely enclosed.
  • the outer layer 8 further has, viewed in cross-section, a circular contour which is circular to a good approximation, but in each case a remaining gusset 10 is formed circumferentially in the intermediate region between two outer wires 4.
  • these gussets 10 are relatively small compared to a prior art stranded conductor in which outer wires having a circular cross section are disposed around an inner wire also having a circular cross section.
  • the data conductor 1 also has an outer layer surrounding insulation 12, which is usually applied by extrusion on the stranded conductor 2. Due to the selected cross-sectional shape of the outer wires 4 and consequently relatively small size of the gusset 10, the wall thickness 14 of the insulation 12 in the circumferential direction 16 seen in a good approximation consistent and can be set very thin in particular.
  • the stranded conductor 2 as a whole has a particularly round peripheral contour.
  • the stranded conductor 2 is particularly well suited for use in a data cable 18.
  • Variants of such a data cable 18 are in the Fig. 3 and 4 shown. This is due to the special shape and arrangement of the outer wires 4 particularly homogeneous distributions of current and voltage, which are guided by means of the stranded conductor 2. The risk of partial discharges is significantly reduced as well as the resistance to the current, resulting in lower overall losses.
  • data cable 18 is formed as a coaxial cable and has a stranded conductor 2, with a plurality of outer wires 4 as in Fig. 1 , In the center Z here, however, no inner wire 6 is arranged, but a functional element 20.
  • a functional element 20 This is designed for example as a strain relief and then an aramid fiber or a steel cable.
  • the functional element 20 is a latent heat storage.
  • a thermal buffer on a polymer basis is used.
  • the stranded conductor 2 is in turn surrounded by the insulation 12, which is also a dielectric 22 of the data cable 18 at the same time. Stranded conductor 2 and the dielectric form the data conductor 1. Surrounding the dielectric 22 is a shield 24, e.g. a screen foil, a braid or a banding. The shield 24 is in turn surrounded by an outer jacket 26.
  • the particularly round peripheral contour of the stranded conductor 2, the distance between the outer wires 4 and the shield 24 in the circumferential direction is particularly homogeneous, so has a particularly low variance, whereby the transmission characteristics of the data cable 18 are significantly improved.
  • a further data cable 18 is shown, which is formed here two wires, ie with two stranded conductors 2. These were dispensed both on an inner wire 6 and on a functional element 20, so that there is a void in the center Z.
  • the outer wires 4 are each surrounded by an insulation 12, so that a total of two wires 28 are formed. These are combined in a common outer shell 26.
  • the two wires 28 are each additionally shielded or alternatively or additionally, both wires 26 are surrounded by a common shield to form a shielded wire pair.
  • the two wires 28 are either stranded together in a "twisted pair" or as "undistorted pair" parallel to each other.
  • the omission of the inner wire in the center Z has the advantage, especially during assembly, that a crimp fastened to a respective wire 28 divides the stranded conductor 2 symmetrically, i. the even number of outer wires 4 is distributed evenly during crimping on the two sub-chambers of the crimp. This results in a particularly uniform mechanical load.
  • the data cable 18 is lighter overall and requires less material for manufacturing.

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  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP17150367.5A 2016-02-23 2017-01-05 Câble de données et fil de litz Withdrawn EP3211642A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016202791 2016-02-23

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EP3211642A1 true EP3211642A1 (fr) 2017-08-30

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US (1) US10199144B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3211642A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107103946A (fr)

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SCHYMURA M.A.; FISCHER A., ASTM B470 - 02. METALL, vol. 66, no. 11, 2012, pages 514 - 517

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