EP3211192B1 - Internal combustion engine with spark ignited engine and method for operating such a combustion engine - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine with spark ignited engine and method for operating such a combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3211192B1 EP3211192B1 EP17157649.9A EP17157649A EP3211192B1 EP 3211192 B1 EP3211192 B1 EP 3211192B1 EP 17157649 A EP17157649 A EP 17157649A EP 3211192 B1 EP3211192 B1 EP 3211192B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- branch
- secondary air
- combustion engine
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
- F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
- F01N2270/04—Mixing air with exhaust gases for afterburning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, preferably a chargeable internal combustion engine with a spark ignition internal combustion engine, with the features according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, preferably a chargeable internal combustion engine with a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, with the features according to In combustion processes in an internal combustion engine, in particular a spark ignition internal combustion engine, preferably used as a traction engine of a vehicle, soot particles, which are separated from a arranged in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine particulate filter, in particular gasoline particulate filter, while driving from the exhaust gas.
- the particulate filter is regenerated continuously or periodically, that is, the soot loading of the particulate filter is reduced by providing reaction conditions for a thermal oxidation of the soot with oxygen.
- a sufficiently high temperature in the particle filter with simultaneous supply of oxygen in the exhaust gas is necessary. Since modern spark-ignited internal combustion engines are operated regularly without excess oxygen - lambda equal to 1, stoichiometric - or have good efficiencies, a separate procedure for regeneration is required. If the internal combustion engine is a traction engine of a vehicle, this is achieved by means of a special driving cycle.
- a temperature of more than 500 degrees Celsius in the particulate filter is required, the representation of which represents a major challenge in particular in an arrangement of the particulate filter in a portion of the exhaust system in the underbody of the vehicle, so with a relatively large distance to the engine of the internal combustion engine.
- the first secondary air duct opens at several points in an exhaust manifold, wherein in each case a point in an individual exhaust gas line downstream of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and upstream of an exhaust gas collection chamber of the exhaust manifold is located.
- the second secondary air line also opens downstream of the first secondary air line into the exhaust manifold, possibly into an exhaust gas collecting chamber in the exhaust manifold.
- the provision of a further secondary air line serves to increase the efficiency of the reaction of the secondary air with the unburned fuel in a catalyst.
- Object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition internal combustion engine at a plurality of desired locations with secondary air.
- An internal combustion engine comprises a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, in particular a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, a fresh gas train, an exhaust system with at least one first exhaust aftertreatment device and at least one second exhaust aftertreatment device, in particular a particulate filter which is disposed downstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device.
- the internal combustion engine further comprises a secondary air line with a secondary air pump branching from the fresh gas train, the secondary air line having a first branch opening into the exhaust system upstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device and a second branch downstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device and upstream of the particulate filter the exhaust system opens.
- the secondary air pump may be a variable speed controlled and / or regulated operated secondary air pump.
- the secondary air pump can be driven variable speed, for example by means of an electric motor.
- the electric motor is preferably controlled by a microcontroller, which is in active and / or signal connection to an engine control unit of the internal combustion engine according to the invention.
- the exhaust system immediately downstream of a plurality of combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine on a plurality of partial exhaust gas lines, which are further merged downstream at least partially to at least one exhaust manifold, wherein the first branch of the secondary air line in divides a plurality of sub-branches and opens each sub-branch at a first outlet of the sub-branch in a partial exhaust gas line.
- the at least one exhaust treatment device is arranged downstream of the first outlet in the partial exhaust gas line.
- the exhaust system immediately downstream of a plurality of combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of partial exhaust lines which are further merged downstream to an exhaust manifold, wherein the first branch of the secondary air line at a first outlet of the first branch in the exhaust manifold opens.
- the secondary air line has at least one valve for forwarding a volume flow conveyed through the secondary air line through the first branch and / or through the second branch.
- a valve is preferably arranged in the first branch and in the second branch.
- the secondary air line branches off from the fresh gas line upstream of a compressor arranged in the fresh gas line.
- the secondary air line branches off the fresh gas line downstream of the compressor.
- At least the particle filter is arranged downstream of a turbine arranged in the exhaust system in the exhaust system.
- the internal combustion engine is a rechargeable internal combustion engine with at least one compressor in the fresh gas line and at least one turbine in the exhaust system.
- the secondary air line branches off in front of the compressor (upstream of the compressor).
- the first branch opens upstream (- lake) of the turbine in the exhaust system and the second branch downstream (- lake) of the turbine in the exhaust system.
- the internal combustion engine in certain embodiments also be rechargeable by means of a mechanical or electrical compressor.
- the exhaust system may also include a turbine of another assembly, for example for energy recovery.
- an internal combustion engine with a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, in particular a spark ignited spark internal combustion engine, a fresh gas train, an exhaust system with at least a first exhaust aftertreatment device and at least a second exhaust aftertreatment device, in particular a particle filter which downstream (-ello) the first exhaust aftertreatment device is arranged, and a secondary air line with a secondary air pump, which branches off from the fresh gas train.
- a spark-ignited internal combustion engine in particular a spark ignited spark internal combustion engine
- a fresh gas train an exhaust system with at least a first exhaust aftertreatment device and at least a second exhaust aftertreatment device, in particular a particle filter which downstream (-year) the first exhaust aftertreatment device is arranged
- a secondary air line with a secondary air pump which branches off from the fresh gas train.
- secondary air is introduced into the exhaust system upstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device, and secondary air is introduced downstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device and upstream of the particulate filter into the exhaust system.
- the method is suitable for operating the internal combustion engine proposed here.
- the rechargeable internal combustion engine is charged by means of the compressor.
- the secondary air duct branches into a first branch and a second branch at a branch point.
- the secondary air pump is located in the secondary air line between the branch of the fresh gas line and the branch point.
- the first and the second branch are preferably closed fluid-tight.
- there is a 3-way valve at the branch point so that secondary air can pass from the branch through the first branch to the exhaust system or from the branch through the second branch to the exhaust system, depending on the valve position.
- a 2-way valve with which the respective branch of the secondary air line can be closed, is located in the first and in the second branch.
- each of the valves can also be operated in intermediate positions so that adjustable portions of the volume flow conveyed through the secondary air line can be conveyed through the first branch and through the second branch (ie also simultaneously).
- the internal combustion engine is preferably operated in a gasoline process or an Otto-Miller process, in particular ignited spark-ignited.
- the sparks may be generated by laser light or, preferably, by electrical discharge.
- the internal combustion engine is preferably operated stoichiometrically.
- the internal combustion engine is preferably a reciprocating internal combustion engine.
- the internal combustion engine may have a direct injection of fuel into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine or via a port injection of fuel into a suction pipe, preferably at a plurality of points (MPI).
- the introduced secondary air may be utilized for exothermic reaction with exhaust constituents so that the first exhaust treatment device may be heated.
- a first catalyst stage in particular a 3-way catalyst, can be heated in this way.
- the introduced secondary air may be utilized for exothermic reaction with the particular exhaust constituents such that the second exhaust treatment device may be discharged or regenerated.
- an Otto particle filter can be regenerated.
- the internal combustion engine according to the invention preferably has a control unit which is designed such that a fuel-air ratio and / or one or more ignition angles and / or one or more injection times of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine can be controlled or regulated by these.
- the control or regulation is carried out such that in the exhaust system after the admixing of the charge air via the secondary air line, a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is achieved.
- the intake manifold pressure / boost pressure in particular to compensate for the poorer efficiency in the regeneration, and / or increases an air mass flow in the intake manifold.
- the exhaust gas mass flow is increased by the introduced via the secondary air line part of the charge air.
- the boost pressure and the air mass flow are lowered in the regeneration phase.
- the internal combustion engine in particular during the regeneration of the particulate filter, operated at an operating point with partial load and / or with a substoichiometric fuel-air ratio.
- the temperature in the exhaust system on the particulate filter to a value greater than 500 degrees Celsius, especially 560 degrees Celsius, and less than 1100 degrees Celsius, preferably greater than 580 degrees Celsius and less than 1000 degrees Celsius, to increase.
- the temperature of the exhaust system can be controlled, optionally regulated.
- the control or regulation can be carried out by the engine control unit. It may be based on a model of the temperature in the exhaust system and / or one or more measurements at various locations in the exhaust system.
- one or more ignition angles and / or one or more injection times may be retarded compared to operation at the same operating point without secondary air supply.
- Particularly advantageous and expedient in supercharged internal combustion engines according to the invention is, in the method according to the invention, to increase a boost pressure and / or an air mass flow to the spark-ignited internal combustion engine. In this way, the efficiency of the compressor can be optimized.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an internal combustion engine 1, which can be charged by means of a turbocharger consisting of an exhaust gas turbine 19 and a compressor 18 Aufladexx (exhaust gas turbocharger).
- a non-chargeable internal combustion engine 1, a suction engine, can, except for the then missing Aufladeoli the same topology as in FIG. 1 have shown.
- the internal combustion engine 1 in this embodiment is a traction machine of a trackless land vehicle and thus integrated into the land vehicle.
- the in the FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment has a spark-ignition of electrical discharges spark-ignited internal combustion engine 1, which operates with a gasoline combustion process or Otto-Miller combustion process.
- the internal combustion engine 2 is a reciprocating piston engine with, for example, four cylindrical combustion chambers 11.
- the spark-ignited internal combustion engine 2 is supplied with air through a fresh gas line 3. From the air first non-gaseous impurities are separated in an air filter 34 (Lufi).
- the air is compressed by means of a compressor 18 of the turbocharger charge group. It passes a throttle valve 24 and enters a suction tube.
- a charge air cooler in particular a suction pipe integrated intercooler, have.
- exhaust gas is discharged into the exhaust system 4, first in an exhaust manifold.
- the exhaust manifold has individual (partial) exhaust pipes 12, which extend from the individual exhaust valves of the four combustion chambers 11 to a (exhaust) manifold 13.
- the exhaust manifold combines the effluent exhaust gas over individual floods to a total exhaust gas flow.
- the exhaust gas is first conducted in the exhaust system 4 via a turbine 19 of the turbocharger charge group, which drives the compressor 18.
- the expanded exhaust gas passes downstream of the turbine 19 into a first exhaust aftertreatment device 5, a catalyst, in particular a three-way catalyst KAT.
- the first exhaust aftertreatment device 5 may be located close to the engine, in particular on the engine or in the engine compartment, so that the heat from the burns in the Combustion chambers 11 can be used for heating the first exhaust aftertreatment device 5.
- the second exhaust aftertreatment device is disposed in the underbody of the land vehicle. After passage of the Ottop redesignfilters 6, the exhaust gas enters the environment of the internal combustion engine. 1
- the secondary air line 7 branches off upstream of the compressor 18 and downstream of the air filter 34 from the fresh gas line 3.
- the secondary air line 7 has a secondary air pump 8, whose impeller promotes air through the secondary air line 7 to the exhaust system 4.
- the secondary air duct 7 branches off into a first branch 9 and into a second branch 10.
- the first branch 9 opens into the exhaust system 4 upstream of the turbine 19, while the second branch 10 flows downstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device 5 and upstream of the second exhaust aftertreatment device 6 opens into the exhaust system 4.
- the first branch 9 of the secondary air line 7 can open or end in an exhaust manifold of the exhaust system 4 at one or more discharge points (first outlets 15).
- the exhaust manifold is integrated in the cylinder head. If it is a cooled at certain operating points of the internal combustion engine 1 exhaust manifold, it is advantageous in the context of the invention, when introducing secondary air into the exhaust system 4 to reduce the cooling of the exhaust gas or omit altogether.
- One advantage of an exothermic reaction as far upstream in the exhaust system 4 is, inter alia, that the risk of uncontrolled combustion of the particular rich exhaust gas in sensitive components of the exhaust system 4, such as catalysts, reduced, preferably avoided.
- additional exhaust enthalpy for the turbine 19 can be provided in an advantageous manner.
- the exhaust system 4 immediately downstream of a plurality of combustion chambers 11 of the internal combustion engine 2, a plurality of partial exhaust gas lines 12, which are further merged downstream to an exhaust manifold 13, wherein the first branch 9 of the secondary air duct 7 is divided into a plurality of sub-branches 14 and each partial branch 14 opens at a first outlet 15 of the partial branch 14 into a partial exhaust gas line 12.
- Both in the first branch 9 and in the second branch 10 of the secondary air line 7 is in each case a secondary air valve (valve 16).
- the respective secondary air valve 16 can be opened or closed, so that the fluid connection can be interrupted or produced in the exhaust system 4.
- FIG. 1 a series of along the fresh gas line 3 and the exhaust system 4 arranged measuring sensors or in the secondary air line 7 is shown. These are in signal and / or control and / or operative connection (not shown in the drawing) with an engine control unit 22. Based on a selection or all measured by the measuring sensors variables operating conditions, operating state parameters or operating conditions of the internal combustion engine 1 can be diagnosed. All or a selection of the measured variables can furthermore be used for the control and / or regulation of the internal combustion engine 1 or of assemblies / parts of the internal combustion engine 1. In particular, measured variables for the control and / or regulation of the regeneration of the second exhaust gas aftertreatment device 6, in particular of the Otto particle filter 6, can be used.
- In Frischgasstrang 3 is downstream of the compressor 18 and upstream of the throttle valve 24, a first combined pressure and temperature sensor 23. Downstream of the throttle valve 24 and upstream of the combustion chambers 11 is a second combined pressure and temperature sensor 25 in the fresh gas line 3.
- a pressure sensor downstream of the mouth (first outlets 15) of the first branch 9 of the secondary air duct 7 and upstream of the turbine 19 is a pressure sensor (third sensor 26), a so-called p3 sensor.
- Downstream of turbine 19 and upstream first exhaust aftertreatment device 5 is a first linear lambda probe 27 in the exhaust system 4.
- the second exhaust aftertreatment device 6 is a (Otto) particulate filter 6
- the pressure difference / pressure drop p rel to OPF is measured between a point upstream of the Ottopisers 6 and another point downstream of the Ottopisers 6.
- a differential pressure sensor ⁇ p OPF sensor (fourth sensor 32) is used.
- a pressure sensor (fifth sensor 33).
- Fig. 2 shows a representation of a second non-inventive embodiment of an internal combustion engine 1.
- the secondary air line 7 has two valves 16 for the forwarding of a volume flow 17 conveyed through the secondary air line 7 through the first branch 9 and / or through the second branch 10.
- the secondary air line 7 branches off the fresh gas line 3 downstream of the compressor 18.
- the first branch 9 opens here at a single first outlet 15 into the exhaust manifold 13.
- the partial exhaust gas lines 12 are merged upstream of the first outlet 15 to an exhaust manifold 13.
- Secondary air 20 is conveyed into the exhaust system 4 upstream of the particulate filter 6 and downstream of the exhaust gas treatment unit 5 via the second branch 10.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine, bevorzugt eine aufladbare Brennkraftmaschine mit einem fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotor, mit den Merkmalen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine, bevorzugt einer aufladbaren Brennkraftmaschine mit einem fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotor, mit den Merkmalen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 7. Bei Verbrennungsprozessen in einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschine, bevorzugt verwendet als Traktionsmaschine eines Fahrzeugs, entstehen Rußpartikel, welche von einem in der Abgasanlage der Brennkraftmaschine angeordneten Partikelfilter, insbesondere Ottopartikelfilter, im Fahrbetrieb aus dem Abgas abgesondert werden. Damit der Abgasgegendruck vor dem Partikelfilter nicht zu weit ansteigt, wird der Partikelfilter kontinuierlich oder periodisch regeneriert, das heißt, die Rußbeladung des Partikelfilters wird reduziert, indem Reaktionsbedingungen für eine thermische Oxidation des Rußes mit Sauerstoff geschaffen werden. Zu diesem Zweck ist eine ausreichend hohe Temperatur im Partikelfilter bei gleichzeitigem Angebot von Sauerstoff im Abgas notwendig.
Da moderne fremdgezündete Brennkraftmaschinen regelmäßig ohne Sauerstoffüberschuss betrieben werden - Lambda gleich 1, stöchiometrisch - beziehungsweise gute Wirkungsgrade aufweisen, ist eine gesonderte Vorgehensweise für die Regeneration erforderlich. Handelt es sich bei der Brennkraftmaschine um eine Traktionsmaschine eines Fahrzeugs wird das mittels eines speziellen Fahrzyklus erreicht. Zur Regeneration wird eine Temperatur von mehr als 500 Grad Celsius im Partikelfilter benötigt, deren Darstellung insbesondere bei einer Anordnung des Partikelfilters in einem Abschnitt der Abgasanlage im Unterboden des Fahrzeugs, also mit relativ großem Abstand zum Verbrennungsmotor der Brennkraftmaschine, eine große Herausforderung darstellt.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, preferably a chargeable internal combustion engine with a spark ignition internal combustion engine, with the features according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, preferably a chargeable internal combustion engine with a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, with the features according to In combustion processes in an internal combustion engine, in particular a spark ignition internal combustion engine, preferably used as a traction engine of a vehicle, soot particles, which are separated from a arranged in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine particulate filter, in particular gasoline particulate filter, while driving from the exhaust gas. So that the exhaust gas backpressure before the particulate filter does not rise too far, the particulate filter is regenerated continuously or periodically, that is, the soot loading of the particulate filter is reduced by providing reaction conditions for a thermal oxidation of the soot with oxygen. For this purpose, a sufficiently high temperature in the particle filter with simultaneous supply of oxygen in the exhaust gas is necessary.
Since modern spark-ignited internal combustion engines are operated regularly without excess oxygen - lambda equal to 1, stoichiometric - or have good efficiencies, a separate procedure for regeneration is required. If the internal combustion engine is a traction engine of a vehicle, this is achieved by means of a special driving cycle. For regeneration, a temperature of more than 500 degrees Celsius in the particulate filter is required, the representation of which represents a major challenge in particular in an arrangement of the particulate filter in a portion of the exhaust system in the underbody of the vehicle, so with a relatively large distance to the engine of the internal combustion engine.
Um Sauerstoff in die Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem 3-Wege-Katalysator und einem Hilfskatalysator zu bringen, ist es zum Beispiel aus dem Dokument
Um Sauerstoff in die Abgasanlage mit Partikelfilter einer mittels eines Abgasturboladers aufladbaren fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschine einzubringen, ist es zum Beispiel im Dokument
Aus dem Dokument
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine mit fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotor an einer Mehrzahl gewünschter Stellen mit Sekundärluft zu versorgen.Object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition internal combustion engine at a plurality of desired locations with secondary air.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen gemäß Patentanspruch 1 und/oder durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen gemäß Patentanspruch 7 gelöst.This object is achieved by an internal combustion engine with the features according to claim 1 and / or by a method having the features according to
Eine erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine weist einen fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere einen mit Zündfunken fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotor, einen Frischgasstrang, eine Abgasanlage mit wenigstens einer ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung und wenigstens einer zweiten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung, insbesondere einem Partikelfilter, welcher stromab der ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung angeordnet ist, auf. Des Weiteren umfasst die Brennkraftmaschine eine Sekundärluftleitung mit einer Sekundärluftpumpe, welche vom Frischgasstrang abzweigt, wobei die Sekundärluftleitung einen ersten Zweig aufweist, welcher stromauf der ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung in die Abgasanlage mündet, und einen zweiten Zweig aufweist, welcher stromab der ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung und stromauf des Partikelfilters in die Abgasanlage mündet.An internal combustion engine according to the invention comprises a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, in particular a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, a fresh gas train, an exhaust system with at least one first exhaust aftertreatment device and at least one second exhaust aftertreatment device, in particular a particulate filter which is disposed downstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device. The internal combustion engine further comprises a secondary air line with a secondary air pump branching from the fresh gas train, the secondary air line having a first branch opening into the exhaust system upstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device and a second branch downstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device and upstream of the particulate filter the exhaust system opens.
Die Sekundärluftpumpe kann eine drehzahlvariabel gesteuert und/oder geregelt betreibbare Sekundärluftpumpe sein. Die Sekundärluftpumpe kann beispielsweise mittels eines Elektromotors drehzahlvariabel angetrieben sein. Der Elektromotos ist bevorzugt durch einen Mikrocontroller gesteuert, welcher in Wirk- und/oder Signalverbindung zu einem Motorsteuergerät der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine steht.The secondary air pump may be a variable speed controlled and / or regulated operated secondary air pump. The secondary air pump can be driven variable speed, for example by means of an electric motor. The electric motor is preferably controlled by a microcontroller, which is in active and / or signal connection to an engine control unit of the internal combustion engine according to the invention.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Abgasanlage unmittelbar stromabwärts einer Mehrzahl von Brennkammern des Verbrennungsmotors eine Mehrzahl von Teilabgasleitungen auf, die weiter stromabwärts zumindest teilweise zu mindestens einer Abgassammelleitung zusammengeführt werden, wobei der erste Zweig der Sekundärluftleitung sich in mehrere Teilzweige aufteilt und jeder Teilzweig an einem ersten Auslass des Teilzweiges in eine Teilabgasleitung einmündet.According to the invention, the exhaust system immediately downstream of a plurality of combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine on a plurality of partial exhaust gas lines, which are further merged downstream at least partially to at least one exhaust manifold, wherein the first branch of the secondary air line in divides a plurality of sub-branches and opens each sub-branch at a first outlet of the sub-branch in a partial exhaust gas line.
Bevorzugt ist die wenigstens eine Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung stromabwärts des ersten Auslasses in der Teilabgasleitung angeordnet.Preferably, the at least one exhaust treatment device is arranged downstream of the first outlet in the partial exhaust gas line.
Gemäß einer zweiten Ausgestaltung (nicht erfindungsgemäß) weist die Abgasanlage unmittelbar stromabwärts einer Mehrzahl von Brennkammern des Verbrennungsmotors eine Mehrzahl von Teilabgasleitungen auf, die weiter stromabwärts zu einer Abgassammelleitung zusammengeführt werden, wobei der erste Zweig der Sekundärluftleitung an einem ersten Auslass des ersten Zweigs in die Abgassammelleitung einmündet.According to a second aspect (not according to the invention), the exhaust system immediately downstream of a plurality of combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of partial exhaust lines which are further merged downstream to an exhaust manifold, wherein the first branch of the secondary air line at a first outlet of the first branch in the exhaust manifold opens.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist die Sekundärluftleitung zumindest ein Ventil zur Weiterleitung eines durch die Sekundärluftleitung geförderten Volumenstroms durch den ersten Zweig und/oder durch den zweiten Zweig auf.According to a further embodiment, the secondary air line has at least one valve for forwarding a volume flow conveyed through the secondary air line through the first branch and / or through the second branch.
Bevorzugt ist jeweils ein Ventil in dem ersten Zweig und in dem zweiten Zweig angeordnet.In each case, a valve is preferably arranged in the first branch and in the second branch.
Insbesondere zweigt die Sekundärluftleitung stromaufwärts eines in dem Frischgasstrang angeordneten Verdichters von dem Frischgasstrang ab. Alternativ zweigt die Sekundärluftleitung stromabwärts des Verdichters vom Frischgasstrang ab.In particular, the secondary air line branches off from the fresh gas line upstream of a compressor arranged in the fresh gas line. Alternatively, the secondary air line branches off the fresh gas line downstream of the compressor.
Insbesondere ist zumindest der Partikelfilter stromabwärts einer in der Abgasanlage angeordneten Turbine in der Abgasanlage angeordnet.In particular, at least the particle filter is arranged downstream of a turbine arranged in the exhaust system in the exhaust system.
Bevorzugt ist die Brennkraftmaschine eine aufladbare Brennkraftmaschine mit wenigstens einem Verdichter im Frischgasstrang und wenigstens einer Turbine in der Abgasanlage. Bevorzugt zweigt die Sekundärluftleitung vor dem Verdichter (stromaufwärts des Verdichters) ab. Bevorzugt mündet der erste Zweig stromauf(-wärts) der Turbine in die Abgasanlage und der zweite Zweig stromab(-wärts) der Turbine in die Abgasanlage. Alternativ oder darüber hinaus kann die Brennkraftmaschine in bestimmten Ausführungsformen auch mittels eines mechanischen oder elektrischen Verdichters aufladbar sein. Die Abgasanlage kann darüber hinaus eine Turbine einer anderen Baugruppe aufweisen, zum Beispiel für die Energierückgewinnung.Preferably, the internal combustion engine is a rechargeable internal combustion engine with at least one compressor in the fresh gas line and at least one turbine in the exhaust system. Preferably, the secondary air line branches off in front of the compressor (upstream of the compressor). Preferably, the first branch opens upstream (-wärts) of the turbine in the exhaust system and the second branch downstream (-wärts) of the turbine in the exhaust system. Alternatively, or in addition, the internal combustion engine in certain embodiments also be rechargeable by means of a mechanical or electrical compressor. The exhaust system may also include a turbine of another assembly, for example for energy recovery.
Im Zusammenhang der Erfindung steht auch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere einem mit Zündfunken fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotor, einem Frischgasstrang, einer Abgasanlage mit wenigstens einer ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung und wenigstens einer zweiten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung, insbesondere einem Partikelfilter, welcher stromab(-wärts) der ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung angeordnet ist, und einer Sekundärluftleitung mit einer Sekundärluftpumpe, welche vom Frischgasstrang abzweigt. Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird Sekundärluft stromauf(-wärts) der ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung in die Abgasanlage eingeleitet und Sekundärluft stromab(-wärts) der ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung und stromauf(-wärts) des Partikelfilters in die Abgasanlage eingeleitet.In the context of the invention is also a method for operating an internal combustion engine with a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, in particular a spark ignited spark internal combustion engine, a fresh gas train, an exhaust system with at least a first exhaust aftertreatment device and at least a second exhaust aftertreatment device, in particular a particle filter which downstream (-wärts) the first exhaust aftertreatment device is arranged, and a secondary air line with a secondary air pump, which branches off from the fresh gas train. In the method of the present invention, secondary air is introduced into the exhaust system upstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device, and secondary air is introduced downstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment device and upstream of the particulate filter into the exhaust system.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens weist die Sekundärluftleitung einen ersten Zweig auf, welcher stromauf der Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung an einem ersten Auslass des ersten Zweigs in die Abgasanlage mündet, und einen zweiten Zweig, welcher stromab der Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung und stromauf des Partikelfilters an einem zweiten Auslass des zweiten Zweigs in die Abgasanlage mündet, wobei die Sekundärluftleitung zumindest ein Ventil aufweist, das zur Weiterleitung eines durch die Sekundärluftleitung geförderten Volumenstroms
- a) durch nur den ersten Zweig oder durch nur den zweiten Zweig schaltbar ist oder
- b) durch den ersten Zweig und durch den zweiten Zweig in einstellbaren Anteilen regelbar ist.
- a) is switchable by only the first branch or by only the second branch, or
- b) is adjustable in adjustable proportions by the first branch and by the second branch.
Insbesondere ist das Verfahren zum Betrieb der hier vorgeschlagenen Brennkraftmaschine geeignet.In particular, the method is suitable for operating the internal combustion engine proposed here.
Die Ausführungen zu der Brennkraftmaschine können zur weiteren Charakterisierung des Verfahrens herangezogen werden und umgekehrt.The comments on the internal combustion engine can be used to further characterize the process and vice versa.
Im Fall einer aufladbaren Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere mit den oben beschriebenen strukturellen Merkmalen, wird die aufladbare Brennkraftmaschine mittels des Verdichters aufgeladen.In the case of a rechargeable internal combustion engine, in particular with the structural features described above, the rechargeable internal combustion engine is charged by means of the compressor.
Insbesondere verzweigt sich die Sekundärluftleitung in einen ersten Zweig und einen zweiten Zweig an einem Verzweigungspunkt. Die Sekundärluftpumpe liegt in der Sekundärluftleitung zwischen dem Abzweig vom Frischgasstrang und dem Verzweigungspunkt. Der erste und der zweite Zweig sind bevorzugt fluiddicht verschließbar. In einer ersten Gruppe von Ausführungsformen befindet sich am Verzweigungspunkt ein 3-Wege-Ventil, so dass Sekundärluft in Abhängigkeit der Ventilstellung entweder vom Abzweig durch den ersten Zweig zur Abgasanlage oder vom Abzweig durch den zweiten Zweig zur Abgasanlage gelangen kann. In einer zweiten Gruppe von Ausführungsformen befindet sich im ersten und im zweiten Zweig jeweils ein 2-Wege-Ventil, mit welchem der jeweilige Zweig der Sekundärluftleitung verschließbar ist.In particular, the secondary air duct branches into a first branch and a second branch at a branch point. The secondary air pump is located in the secondary air line between the branch of the fresh gas line and the branch point. The first and the second branch are preferably closed fluid-tight. In a first group of embodiments, there is a 3-way valve at the branch point, so that secondary air can pass from the branch through the first branch to the exhaust system or from the branch through the second branch to the exhaust system, depending on the valve position. In a second group of embodiments, in each case a 2-way valve, with which the respective branch of the secondary air line can be closed, is located in the first and in the second branch.
Bevorzugt ist jedes der Ventile auch in Zwischenstellungen betreibbar, so dass sich einstellbare Anteile des durch die Sekundärluftleitung geförderten Volumenstroms durch den ersten Zweig und durch den zweiten Zweig (also auch gleichzeitig) fördern lassen.Preferably, each of the valves can also be operated in intermediate positions so that adjustable portions of the volume flow conveyed through the secondary air line can be conveyed through the first branch and through the second branch (ie also simultaneously).
Die Brennkraftmaschine wird bevorzugt in einem Otto-Verfahren oder einem Otto-Miller-Verfahren, insbesondere mit Zündfunken fremdgezündet, betrieben. Die Zündfunken können durch Laserlicht oder bevorzugt durch elektrische Entladung erzeugt werden. Die Brennkraftmaschine wird bevorzugt stöchiometrisch betrieben. Die Brennkraftmaschine ist bevorzugt eine Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine. Die Brennkraftmaschine kann über eine Direkteinspritzung von Kraftstoff in die Brennkammern des Verbrennungsmotors oder über eine Saugrohreinspritzung von Kraftstoff in ein Saugrohr, bevorzugt an einer Mehrzahl von Stellen (MPI) verfügen.The internal combustion engine is preferably operated in a gasoline process or an Otto-Miller process, in particular ignited spark-ignited. The sparks may be generated by laser light or, preferably, by electrical discharge. The internal combustion engine is preferably operated stoichiometrically. The internal combustion engine is preferably a reciprocating internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may have a direct injection of fuel into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine or via a port injection of fuel into a suction pipe, preferably at a plurality of points (MPI).
Mit der Erfindung ist es vorteilhaft möglich, bedarfsgerecht Sekundärluft an eine Mehrzahl, insbesondere an zwei gewünschte Stellen in die Abgasanlage einzubringen. Vorteilhaft, insbesondere hinsichtlich des notwendigen Bauraums und/oder der Kosten, ist, dass nur eine Sekundärluftpumpe gemeinsam eingesetzt wird, die also für beide Zweige der Sekundärluftleitung genutzt wird.With the invention, it is advantageously possible to introduce secondary air as required to a plurality, in particular to two desired locations in the exhaust system. Advantageous, in particular with regard to the necessary construction space and / or costs, is that only one secondary air pump is used together, which is thus used for both branches of the secondary air line.
Befindet sich stromab der ersten Mündung (erster Auslass) eine erste Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung (die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung), kann die eingebrachte Sekundärluft zur exothermen Reaktion mit Abgasbestandteilen genutzt werden, so dass die erste Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung erwärmt werden kann. Beispielsweise kann auf diese Weise in einer konkreten Ausgestaltung eine erste Katalysatorstufe, insbesondere ein 3-Wege-Katalysator, geheizt werden. Befindet sich stromab der ersten Mündung eine zweite Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung (der Partikelfilter), welche eine Speicherfunktion für bestimmte Abgasbestandteile aufweist, kann die eingebrachte Sekundärluft zur exothermen Reaktion mit den bestimmten Abgasbestandteilen genutzt werden, so dass die zweite Abgasbehandlungsvorrichtung entladen oder regeneriert werden kann. Beispielsweise kann auf diese Weise in einer konkreten Ausgestaltung ein Ottopartikelfilter regeneriert werden.Located downstream of the first orifice (first outlet) is a first exhaust treatment device (the exhaust aftertreatment device), the introduced secondary air may be utilized for exothermic reaction with exhaust constituents so that the first exhaust treatment device may be heated. For example, in a specific embodiment, a first catalyst stage, in particular a 3-way catalyst, can be heated in this way. Located downstream of the first orifice is a second exhaust treatment device (the particulate filter) having a storage function for certain exhaust constituents, the introduced secondary air may be utilized for exothermic reaction with the particular exhaust constituents such that the second exhaust treatment device may be discharged or regenerated. For example, in this way, in a specific embodiment, an Otto particle filter can be regenerated.
Die erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine weist bevorzugt eine Steuereinheit auf, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass durch diese ein Kraftstoff-Luft-Verhältnis und/oder ein oder mehrere Zündwinkel und/oder ein oder mehrere Einspritzzeitpunkte des fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotors steuerbar oder regelbar sind. Bevorzugt wird die Steuerung oder Regelung derart vorgenommen, dass in der Abgasanlage nach der Beimischung der Ladeluft über die Sekundärluftleitung ein stöchiometrisches Kraftstoff-Luft-Verhältnis erreicht wird.The internal combustion engine according to the invention preferably has a control unit which is designed such that a fuel-air ratio and / or one or more ignition angles and / or one or more injection times of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine can be controlled or regulated by these. Preferably, the control or regulation is carried out such that in the exhaust system after the admixing of the charge air via the secondary air line, a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is achieved.
Im Unterschied zu einem selbstzündenden Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere einem Dieselmotor, wird bei einer erfindungsgemäßen aufladbaren Brennkraftmaschine der Saugrohrdruck/Ladedruck, insbesondere zum Ausgleich des schlechteren Wirkungsgrades bei der Regeneration, und/oder ein Luftmassenstrom im Saugrohr erhöht. Zusätzlich wird noch der Abgasmassenstrom durch den über die Sekundärluftleitung eingeleiteten Teil der Ladeluft erhöht. Bei einem selbstzündenden Verbrennungsmotor werden der Ladedruck und der Luftmassenstrom in der Regenerationsphase abgesenkt.In contrast to a self-igniting internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, in a rechargeable internal combustion engine according to the invention the intake manifold pressure / boost pressure, in particular to compensate for the poorer efficiency in the regeneration, and / or increases an air mass flow in the intake manifold. In addition, the exhaust gas mass flow is increased by the introduced via the secondary air line part of the charge air. In a self-igniting internal combustion engine, the boost pressure and the air mass flow are lowered in the regeneration phase.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere während der Regeneration des Partikelfilters, in einem Betriebspunkt mit Teilllast und/oder mit einem unterstöchiometrischen Kraftstoff-Luft-Verhältnis betrieben.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the internal combustion engine, in particular during the regeneration of the particulate filter, operated at an operating point with partial load and / or with a substoichiometric fuel-air ratio.
Es ist besonders zweckmäßig im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, die Temperatur in der Abgasanlage am Partikelfilter auf einen Wert größer als 500 Grad Celsius, insbesondere 560 Grad Celsius, und kleiner als 1100 Grad Celsius, bevorzugt größer als 580 Grad Celsius und kleiner als 1000 Grad Celsius, zu erhöhen. Die Temperatur der Abgasanlage kann gesteuert, optional geregelt sein. Die Steuerung beziehungsweise die Regelung kann vom Motorsteuergerät ausgeführt werden. Sie kann auf einem Modell der Temperatur in der Abgasanlage und/oder einer oder mehrerer Messungen an verschiedenen Stellen in der Abgasanlage beruhen.It is particularly useful in the method according to the invention, the temperature in the exhaust system on the particulate filter to a value greater than 500 degrees Celsius, especially 560 degrees Celsius, and less than 1100 degrees Celsius, preferably greater than 580 degrees Celsius and less than 1000 degrees Celsius, to increase. The temperature of the exhaust system can be controlled, optionally regulated. The control or regulation can be carried out by the engine control unit. It may be based on a model of the temperature in the exhaust system and / or one or more measurements at various locations in the exhaust system.
Des Weiteren oder alternativ dazu ist es bevorzugt im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einen oder mehrere Zündwinkel und/oder einen oder mehrere Einspritzzeitpunkte, im Vergleich zum Betrieb am gleichen Betriebspunkt ohne Sekundärluftzufuhr, nach spät zu verstellen. Mit anderen Worten, ein oder mehrere Zündwinkel und/oder ein oder mehrere Einspritzzeitpunkte können, im Vergleich zum Betrieb am gleichen Betriebspunkt ohne Sekundärluftzufuhr, nach spät verstellt sein.Furthermore or alternatively, it is preferred in the method according to the invention to adjust one or more ignition angles and / or one or more injection times, compared to the operation at the same operating point without secondary air supply, to retard. In other words, one or more firing angles and / or one or more injection timings may be retarded compared to operation at the same operating point without secondary air supply.
Besonders vorteilhaft und zielführend bei erfindungsgemäßen aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschinen ist es, im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einen Ladedruck und/oder einen Luftmassenstrom zum fremdgezündeten Verbrennungsmotor zu erhöhen. Auf diese Weise kann der Wirkungsgrad des Verdichters optimiert werden.Particularly advantageous and expedient in supercharged internal combustion engines according to the invention is, in the method according to the invention, to increase a boost pressure and / or an air mass flow to the spark-ignited internal combustion engine. In this way, the efficiency of the compressor can be optimized.
Die erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine kann eine mit Benzin als Kraftstoff betriebene Brennkraftmaschine sein. Alternativ dazu kann die erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine eine mit Gas, bevorzugt Methangas oder CNG, als Kraftstoff betriebene Brennkraftmaschine sein. In einer Gruppe von Ausführungsformen handelt es sich um eine bivalent, insbesondere wechselweise, mit den Kraftstoffen Benzin und Gas betreibbare Brennkraftmaschine. Bei einer bivalenten Brennkraftmaschine wird bevorzugt das Benzin direkt in die Brennkammern eingespritzt und das Gas an mehreren Stellen in das Saugrohr eingeblasen (MPI-Einblasung).
Bevorzugt ist die erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine Teil eines Antriebsaggregats eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere eines gleislosen Landfahrzeugs. Insbesondere kann sie die einzige Antriebsquelle oder aber Teil eines Hybridantriebs sein, zum Beispiel in Kombination mit einer oder mehrerer Elektromaschinen. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Fahrzeug um einen Personenkraftwagen oder ein Nutzfahrzeug, wobei ein Partikelfilter in einem Unterboden des Fahrzeugs angeordnet ist. Der Partikelfilter ist bevorzugt mit anderen Worten motorfern, das heißt nicht im Motorraum, insbesondere nicht am Motor, angeordnet, sondern z. B. in einem Abstand von mindestens 75 cm [Zentimeter] zu den Brennkammern der Verbrennungskraftmaschine. Einer der Vorteile bei einer Anordnung des Partikelfilters im Unterboden ist das Erreichen eines möglichst geringen Abgasgegendrucks für den Verbrennungsmotor. Darüber hinaus steht grundsätzlich mehr Bauraum für den Partikelfilter zur Verfügung. Dieser kann für ein größeres Package im Vergleich zum Einbau zwischen Unterboden und Brennkammern des Verbrennungsmotors, also einem motornahen Einbau, genutzt werden. Durch die Anpassung auf einen größeren Bauraum kann auch ein vorteilhafter geringerer Volumenstrom im Partikelfilter erreicht werden. Für einen motorfernen Partikelfilter ermöglicht die Erfindung, die Sauerstoffkonzentration zu dessen Regeneration bereitzustellen.
Die Erfindung sowie das technische Umfeld werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Die Figuren zeigen besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele, auf die die Erfindung jedoch nicht beschränkt ist. Insbesondere ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Figuren und insbesondere die dargestellten Größenverhältnisse nur schematisch sind. Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen gleiche Gegenstände. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- eine Darstellung einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform einer Brennkraftmaschine;
- Fig. 2:
- eine Darstellung einer zweiten nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung einer Brennkraftmaschine.
The internal combustion engine according to the invention is preferably part of a drive unit of a vehicle, in particular of a trackless land vehicle. In particular, it may be the only drive source or else part of a hybrid drive, for example in combination with one or more electric machines. Preferably, the vehicle is a passenger car or a commercial vehicle, wherein a particulate filter is arranged in an underbody of the vehicle. The particulate filter is preferably in other words remote from the engine, that is not in the engine compartment, especially not on the engine, arranged, but z. B. at a distance of at least 75 cm [centimeters] to the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine. One of the advantages of arranging the particulate filter in the underbody is to achieve the lowest possible exhaust back pressure for the internal combustion engine. In addition, more space is available for the particulate filter. This can be used for a larger package in comparison to the installation between the underbody and combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine, so a close-coupled installation. By adapting to a larger space and a lower volume flow advantageously in particle filter can be achieved. For a particle filter remote from the engine, the invention makes it possible to provide the oxygen concentration for its regeneration.
The invention and the technical environment will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. The figures show particularly preferred embodiments, to which the invention is not limited. In particular, it should be noted that the figures and in particular the illustrated proportions are only schematic. Like reference numerals designate like objects. Show it:
- Fig. 1:
- a representation of a first embodiment of an internal combustion engine according to the invention;
- Fig. 2:
- an illustration of a second non-inventive embodiment of an internal combustion engine.
Die
Die in der
Aus den Brennkammern 11 wird Abgas in die Abgasanlage 4, zunächst in einen Abgaskrümmer ausgestoßen. Der Abgaskrümmer weist einzelne (Teil-)Abgasleitungen 12 auf, welche sich von den einzelnen Abgasventilen der vier Brennkammern 11 bis zu einer (Abgas-)Sammelleitung 13 erstrecken. Anders gesagt, der Abgaskrümmer vereint das über einzelne Fluten ausströmende Abgas zu einem gesamten Abgasstrom. Das Abgas wird in der Abgasanlage 4 zunächst über eine Turbine 19 der Aufladegruppe Abgasturbolader geführt, welche den Verdichter 18 antreibt. Das entspannte Abgas gelangt stromab der Turbine 19 in eine erste Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 5, einen Katalysator, insbesondere einen Drei-Wege-Katalysator KAT. Die erste Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 5 kann motornah, insbesondere am Motor oder im Motorraum angeordnet sein, damit die Wärme aus den Verbrennungen in den Brennkammern 11 zum Heizen der ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 5 genutzt werden kann.From the
Stromabwärts der ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 5 befindet sich eine zweite Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 6 mit einer Speicherfunktion, konkret bevorzugt für Rußpartikel, insbesondere ein Ottopartikelfilter 6 OPF. In dieser Ausführungsform ist die zweite Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung im Unterboden des Landfahrzeugs angeordnet. Nach Passage des Ottopartikelfilters 6 gelangt das Abgas in die Umgebung der Brennkraftmaschine 1.Downstream of the first
Erfindungsgemäß verfügt die in der
In der aufladbaren Brennkraftmaschine 1 kann der erste Zweig 9 der Sekundärluftleitung 7 in einen Abgaskrümmer der Abgasanlage 4 an einer oder mehreren Mündungsstellen (erste Auslässe 15) münden oder enden. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Abgaskrümmer im Zylinderkopf integriert. Falls es sich um einen im bestimmten Betriebspunkten der Brennkraftmaschine 1 gekühlten Abgaskrümmer handelt, ist es im Zusammenhang der Erfindung vorteilhaft, beim Einleiten von Sekundärluft in die Abgasanlage 4 die Kühlung des Abgases zu verringern oder ganz zu unterlassen. Ein Vorteil einer exothermen Reaktion möglichst weit stromauf in der Abgasanlage 4 besteht unter anderem darin, dass die Gefahr einer unkontrollierten Verbrennung des insbesondere fetten Abgases in empfindlichen Bauteilen der Abgasanlage 4, wie beispielsweise Katalysatoren, verringert, bevorzugt vermieden wird. Im Zusammenhang mit Turbinen 19 in der Abgasanlage 4 kann in vorteilhafter Weise zusätzliche Abgasenthalpie für die Turbine 19 bereitgestellt werden.In the rechargeable internal combustion engine 1, the
In der vorliegenden ersten Ausführungsform weist die Abgasanlage 4 unmittelbar stromabwärts einer Mehrzahl von Brennkammern 11 des Verbrennungsmotors 2 eine Mehrzahl von Teilabgasleitungen 12 auf, die weiter stromabwärts zu einer Abgassammelleitung 13 zusammengeführt werden, wobei der erste Zweig 9 der Sekundärluftleitung 7 sich in mehrere Teilzweige 14 aufteilt und jeder Teilzweig 14 an einem ersten Auslass 15 des Teilzweiges 14 in eine Teilabgasleitung 12 einmündet.In the present first embodiment, the
Sowohl im ersten Zweig 9 als auch im zweiten Zweig 10 der Sekundärluftleitung 7 befindet sich jeweils ein Sekundärluftventil (Ventil 16). Das jeweilige Sekundärluftventil 16 kann geöffnet oder geschlossen werden, so dass die Fluidverbindung in die Abgasanlage 4 unterbrochen oder hergestellt werden kann.Both in the
In der
Im Frischgasstrang 3 befindet sich stromab des Verdichters 18 und stromauf der Drosselklappe 24 ein erster kombinierter Druck- und Temperatursensor 23. Stromab der Drosselklappe 24 und stromauf der Brennkammern 11 befindet sich ein zweiter kombinierter Druck- und Temperatursensor 25 im Frischgasstrang 3. In der Abgasanlage 4 stromab der Mündung (erste Auslässe 15) des ersten Zweigs 9 der Sekundärluftleitung 7 und stromauf der Turbine 19 befindet sich ein Drucksensor (dritter Sensor 26), ein so genannter p3-Sensor. Stromab der Turbine 19 und stromauf der ersten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 5 befindet sich eine erste lineare Lambda-Sonde 27 in der Abgasanlage 4. Stromab der Mündung (zweiter Auslass 21) des zweiten Zweigs 10 der Sekundärluftleitung 7 und stromauf der zweiten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 6, insbesondere des Ottopartikelfilters 6, gibt es eine zweite lineare Lambda-Sonde 28 sowie einen (ersten) Temperatursensor 29 (Tv OPF). Stromab der zweiten Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 6, insbesondere des Ottopartikelfilters 6, befinden sich eine Sprung-Lambda-Sonde (dritte Lambdasonde 30) sowie ein (zweiter) Temperatursensor 31 (Tn OPF) in der Abgasanlage 4.
Für den konkreten Fall, dass die zweite Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 6 ein (Otto-)Partikelfilter 6 ist, wird die Druckdifferenz/der Druckabfall prel nach OPF zwischen einem Punkt stromauf des Ottopartikelfilters 6 und einem anderen Punkt stromab des Ottopartikelfilters 6 gemessen. Dazu gelangt ein Differenzdrucksensor ΔpOPF-Sensor (vierter Sensor 32) zum Einsatz. Auf Basis der über den Partikelfilter 6 gemessenen Druckdifferenz kann insbesondere entschieden werden, ob eine Regeneration des Ottopartikelfilters 6 notwendig ist, und eine Regeneration eingeleitet werden.
In der Sekundärluftleitung 7 befindet sich stromab der Sekundärluftpumpe 8 und stromauf des Verzweigungspunkts in dem ersten und dem zweiten Zweig 9, 10 ein Drucksensor (fünfter Sensor 33).In
For the specific case that the second exhaust aftertreatment device 6 is a (Otto) particulate filter 6, the pressure difference / pressure drop p rel to OPF is measured between a point upstream of the Ottopartikelfilters 6 and another point downstream of the Ottopartikelfilters 6. For this purpose, a differential pressure sensor Δp OPF sensor (fourth sensor 32) is used. On the basis of the measured via the particulate filter 6 pressure difference can be decided in particular whether a regeneration of the gasoline particulate filter 6 is necessary, and a regeneration are initiated.
In the
- 11
- BrennkraftmaschineInternal combustion engine
- 22
- Verbrennungsmotorinternal combustion engine
- 33
- FrischgasstrangFresh gas line
- 44
- Abgasanlageexhaust system
- 55
- Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtungexhaust aftertreatment device
- 66
- Partikelfilterparticulate Filter
- 77
- SekundärluftleitungSecondary air line
- 88th
- SekundärluftpumpeSecondary air pump
- 99
- erster Zweigfirst branch
- 1010
- zweiter Zweigsecond branch
- 1111
- Brennkammercombustion chamber
- 1212
- TeilabgasleitungPart exhaust pipe
- 1313
- AbgassammelleitungExhaust manifold
- 1414
- Teilzweigsubbranch
- 1515
- erster Auslassfirst outlet
- 1616
- VentilValve
- 1717
- Volumenstromflow
- 1818
- Verdichtercompressor
- 1919
- Turbineturbine
- 2020
- Sekundärluftsecondary air
- 2121
- zweiter Auslasssecond outlet
- 2222
- MotorsteuergerätEngine control unit
- 2323
- erster Sensorfirst sensor
- 2424
- Drosselklappethrottle
- 2525
- zweiter Sensorsecond sensor
- 2626
- dritter Sensorthird sensor
- 2727
- erste Lambdasondefirst lambda probe
- 2828
- zweite Lambdasondesecond lambda probe
- 2929
- erster Temperatursensorfirst temperature sensor
- 3030
- dritte Lambdasondethird lambda probe
- 3131
- zweiter Temperatursensorsecond temperature sensor
- 3232
- vierter Sensorfourth sensor
- 3333
- fünfter Sensorfifth sensor
- 3434
- Luftfilterair filter
Claims (8)
- Internal combustion engine (1) having an applied-ignition combustion motor (2), having a fresh-gas tract (3), having an exhaust-gas system (4) with at least one exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5) and at least one particle filter (6) arranged downstream of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5), and having a secondary air line (7) with a secondary air pump (8), which secondary air line branches off from the fresh-gas tract (3), wherein the secondary air line (7) has a first branch (9), which opens into the exhaust-gas system (4) upstream of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5), and has a second branch (10), which opens into the exhaust-gas system (4) downstream of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5) and upstream of the particle filter (6), wherein the exhaust-gas system (4) has, directly downstream of a multiplicity of combustion chambers (11) of the combustion motor (2), a multiplicity of partial exhaust lines (12) which, further downstream, are at least partially merged to form at least one collective exhaust-gas line (13), characterized in that the first branch (9) of the secondary air line (7) splits into multiple partial branches (14), and each partial branch (14) opens, at a first outlet (15) of the partial branch (14), into a partial exhaust line (12) .
- Internal combustion engine (1) according to Patent Claim 1, wherein the at least one exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5) is arranged in the partial exhaust line (12) downstream of the first outlet (15) .
- Internal combustion engine (1) according to one of the preceding patent claims, wherein the secondary air line (7) has at least one valve (16) for conducting a volume flow (17) conveyed through the secondary air line (7) onwards through the first branch (9) and/or through the second branch (10).
- Internal combustion engine (1) according to Patent Claim 3, wherein in each case one valve (16) is arranged in the first branch (9) and in the second branch (10).
- Internal combustion engine (1) according to one of the preceding patent claims, wherein the secondary air line (7) branches off from the fresh-gas tract (3) upstream of a compressor (18) arranged in the fresh-gas tract (3).
- Internal combustion engine (1) according to one of the preceding patent claims, wherein at least the particle filter (6) is arranged in the exhaust-gas system (4) downstream of a turbine (19) arranged in the exhaust-gas system (4).
- Method for operating an internal combustion engine (1) having an applied-ignition combustion motor (2), having a fresh-gas tract (3), having an exhaust-gas system (4) with at least one exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5) and at least one particle filter (6) arranged downstream of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5), and having a secondary air line (7) with a secondary air pump (8), which secondary air line branches off from the fresh-gas tract (3), in which method secondary air (20) is introduced into the exhaust-gas system (4) upstream of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5), and secondary air (20) is introduced into the exhaust-gas system (4) downstream of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5) and upstream of the particle filter (6); wherein the secondary air line (7) has a first branch (9), which opens into the exhaust-gas system (4) upstream of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5), and has a second branch (10), which opens into the exhaust-gas system (4) downstream of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (5) and upstream of the particle filter (6) at a second outlet (21) of the second branch (10); wherein the exhaust-gas system (4) has, directly downstream of a multiplicity of combustion chambers (11) of the combustion motor (2), a multiplicity of partial exhaust lines (12) which, further downstream, are at least partially merged to form at least one collective exhaust-gas line (13), characterized in that the first branch (9) of the secondary air line (7) splits into multiple partial branches (14), and each partial branch (14) opens, at a first outlet (15) of the partial branch (14), into a partial exhaust line (12).
- Method according to Patent Claim 7, wherein the secondary air line (7) has at least one valve (16) whicha) is switchable so as to conduct a volume flow conveyed through the secondary air line (7) onward through only the first branch (9) or through only the second branch (10), orb) is controllable so as to conduct a volume flow conveyed through the secondary air line (7) onward through the first branch (9) and through the second branch (10) in adjustable fractions.
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DE102016203284 | 2016-02-29 | ||
DE102016208289.2A DE102016208289A1 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2016-05-13 | Internal combustion engine with a spark-ignited internal combustion engine and method for operating such an internal combustion engine |
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EP3211192A1 EP3211192A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
EP3211192B1 true EP3211192B1 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
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DE102018209698A1 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and control device for operating a drive device, drive device |
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US4192141A (en) | 1977-05-02 | 1980-03-11 | Toyota Jidosha Kegko Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purifying system for engines |
US8464523B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-06-18 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Targeted particulate matter filter regeneration system |
US8528323B2 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-09-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | System and method for particulate matter filter regeneration using a catalytic converter as a combustor |
DE102011118337A1 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Daimler Ag | Exhaust gas post-treatment device for gasoline engine of motor vehicle, comprises nitrogen monoxide storage catalyst arranged in exhaust tract between catalyst and particulate filter, and branch line with supply line attached to it |
DE102013001319B4 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2016-10-27 | Audi Ag | Method for operating an internal combustion engine and corresponding internal combustion engine |
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