EP3205605A1 - Vortex discharge - Google Patents
Vortex discharge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3205605A1 EP3205605A1 EP16155224.5A EP16155224A EP3205605A1 EP 3205605 A1 EP3205605 A1 EP 3205605A1 EP 16155224 A EP16155224 A EP 16155224A EP 3205605 A1 EP3205605 A1 EP 3205605A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- taper
- funnel
- gas
- space
- bulk material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 73
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
- B65D88/72—Fluidising devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
- B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
- B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
- B65D88/68—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation using rotating devices
Definitions
- the present application relates to an outlet device, a mixer and a method for discharging bulk material.
- Bulk material is partly stored, stored or mixed in a container and must be unloaded from it.
- a gravity-driven discharge is partially used by a closable opening is provided in the lower part of the container.
- the closable opening should be selected so that it can be closed safely and reproducibly.
- the problem here is not only the safe closing, but also, especially for large openings necessary effort or the resulting wear. Decisive, especially for large openings, are also necessary opening and closing times. For this reason, it has begun to provide smaller openings or a plurality of smaller openings and thus also a plurality of shut-off devices, one per opening to provide.
- this not only increases the complexity, since a large number of shut-off directions must be provided, but if necessary, the discharge time can also be adversely affected since the overall available cross-section is reduced and, in particular, friction occurs at the increasingly present boundary surfaces.
- the object of the present invention is thus to specify an improved outlet device or an improved mixer or tank or an improved method for gravity-driven discharge of bulk material.
- An outlet device for gravity-driven discharge of bulk material has a downwardly narrowing funnel-shaped taper, gas outlet nozzles being arranged in the region of the funnel-shaped taper.
- the gas outlet nozzles according to the invention are arranged and designed so that the gas jets emitted by you lie tangentially against a respective space spiral tapering downwards and arranged in the funnel-shaped taper.
- the gas outlet nozzles can be formed in various ways. It is crucial that the gas is accelerated in a predetermined direction and thus at least to a certain extent directed out of the gas outlet nozzle. As gas here come in particular air or other non-explosive gases in question.
- the imaginary space spiral is located within the funnel-shaped rejuvenation and tapers with increasing narrowing of the funnel-shaped rejuvenation. There may be an imaginary space spiral per gas outlet nozzle. These do not necessarily have to be arranged identically and / or congruently.
- the space spirals can be designed in different ways. For example, it may be an Archimedean or hyperbolic spiral in plan view. But logarithmic, Fermatian spiral, root snails or sections of Lituusspiralen or Klothoide are conceivable here. These are then stretched into the room so that their inner areas are pulled down. In this case, different envelopes of the space spiral can result in the lateral view.
- the envelopes have in that the commonality that they rejuvenate downwards steadily. Their limitation can be given in the lateral view or in longitudinal section but as a straight line or curve, for example, hyperbola.
- the imaginary space spirals have at least two, in particular at least four revolutions, at which gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles lie tangentially. In particular, at least two, in particular at least four gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles are present per revolution, in particular per revolution.
- the taper and / or the imaginary space spiral in this case have a height of preferably 50 to 250 mm and / or preferably 50 to 80% of the free diameter.
- the height of the imaginary space spiral is to be determined by the uppermost point of the imaginary space spiral, on which a gas jet tangentially rests and the lowest point of the imaginary space spiral, to which a gas jet lies tangentially.
- the taper has in particular over its entire height range in each case circular cross-sections.
- the gas jets will never have a linear spread, but will only be directed to a certain extent.
- a widening of less than 20 °, in particular less than 15 ° is preferred.
- the expansion of the gas jet is to be considered in a situation without bulk material, in which the gas jet is thus considered in an evacuated or filled with gas, especially air at atmospheric pressure environment.
- the center line of the gas jet is used in particular, and its orientation or position relative to the imaginary space spiral is analyzed.
- variations in production and production are to be accepted here, in particular those which are below the widening of the gas jet, in particular below the size of the expansion of the gas jet indicated here as the upper limit.
- the imaginary space spiral in this case has in particular a maximum width or a maximum diameter which is 40-100% of the diameter of the taper in the height of the maximum width of the imaginary space spiral.
- the funnel-shaped taper is formed in particular by a limiting structure, for example, from a sheet or other materials.
- the interface is in particular smooth and without protruding parts, especially without baffles executed.
- the gas outlet nozzles are not apparent from this limitation of the taper.
- the boundary or boundary surface of the funnel-shaped taper in particular forms a smooth funnel-shaped shape.
- the gas jets at least partially bulk material is not only brought into a spiral downward rotation, but it is also at least partially fluidized. By this interaction, a particularly efficient gravity driven discharge of bulk material can also be done through small openings.
- the emitted gas jets are tangential at a distance of 0-10 cm from their exit point from the respective gas outlet nozzle to the respective imaginary space spiral.
- the path of the gas jets is minimized to tangential contact of the imaginary space spiral, whereby a particularly efficient discharge and low attenuation of the gas jet can take place up to this point.
- identical or different imaginary space spirals may have a common axis of rotation, for example, by identical space spirals are arranged against each other rotatable thought and have a common axis of rotation or by, for example, different space spirals, especially those with different widths or diameters at the common height share a common axis of rotation in particular by, for example, an inner imaginary space spiral are arranged within an outer imaginary space spiral on a common axis of rotation.
- an axis of rotation in particular an axis aligned in the extension in the height of the space spiral, in particular oriented perpendicularly to the horizontal, in particular aligned perpendicularly to the horizontal, is viewed through the point in which the tapering space spiral would taper to a point.
- This point can be given, for example, in the mathematical definition of the flattened space spiral without axis shift through the zero point of the coordinate system.
- the space spiral is in particular arranged centrally or concentrically in the taper, so that in particular the axis of rotation of the space spiral coincides with the point mirror axis of the taper, which in particular has a circular cross section.
- the space spirals are identical and in particular also congruently arranged, so that in particular it is only a single space spiral, against which all the gas jets lie tangentially.
- at least a maximum of two space spirals are intended, at which together all the gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles tangentially.
- the space spirals, when viewed from the side or in longitudinal section, a curve of the taper, an envelope, which is identical to the curve of the taper of the funnel-shaped taper or can be obtained from it by scale reduction.
- the distance of the envelope of the space spiral to the taper measured in the horizontal, constant or decreases continuously downwards, he is in particular relatively constant to the width or the diameter of the taper.
- the gas outlet nozzles are arranged so that at least one, in particular at least three of the space spirals respectively tangentially abut gas jets emitted by at least three of the gas outlet nozzles.
- the speed of the gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles is dimensioned differently, in particular it increases with deeper, so lying below, the position of the contact point of the gas jets on the space spiral.
- a particularly efficient emptying can be achieved, since the bulk material is to be accelerated with progressive taper at a constant flow rate.
- the gas outlet nozzles are arranged so that the gas jets are output horizontally or inclined downwards. With particular advantage they are inclined at an angle to the horizontal downwards, which also corresponds to the inclination to the horizontal of the contact point of the gas jet to the space spiral or lies between 0 ° and this inclination.
- the gas outlet nozzles are arranged on a boundary of the downwardly narrowing funnel-shaped taper and in particular so that they do not protrude more than 5 mm, in particular not at all, into the taper.
- the gas outlet nozzles can be designed in various ways.
- a simple bore through this boundary is sufficient as a nozzle, in particular if this bore tapers toward the funnel-shaped taper or toward the funnel-shaped interior.
- a corresponding nozzle or a corresponding pipe can be attached to the boundary or plugged into this, in particular from the outside.
- a material structure outside the boundary which surrounds the funnel-shaped taper from the outside to at least 50%, for example, by a foam or plastic, are introduced in the corresponding recesses, gas outlet nozzles which then, for example, in a hole of the boundary, which may be generated for example by sheet metal or other materials, open.
- the free diameter of the funnel-shaped taper is 200-400 mm.
- the free diameter of the taper is meant the diameter of the taper which has the smallest value.
- this free diameter opens into a closure device, for example a valve, which in particular has at least the same free diameter or into a further conveying device, in particular a tube which in particular also has at least the same diameter, in particular the same diameter.
- the taper has a taper of 10-50% of the diameter or free cross-sectional area and / or has a height of 30-200% of the taper.
- the rejuvenation is the change of the longest free distance or the diameter of the funnel-shaped taper.
- the gas outlet nozzles are arranged so that the gas jets emerge at points on the funnel-shaped taper, which in turn form spiral lines on the funnel-shaped taper.
- at least three, in particular at least four gas outlet nozzles are arranged per spiral lines formed on the funnel-shaped taper by the gas outlet nozzles.
- these spiral lines are projections of sections of the imaginary space spiral at which the respective gas jets lie tangentially. Such a projection takes place in particular punctiform from a point on the axis of rotation of the imaginary space spiral, in particular directed horizontally outwards or slightly upwards, this orientation being understood to mean the course of the projection lines.
- a mixer or tank for bulk material having on its underside at least one, in particular at least two, preferably three, outlet devices according to one of the preceding claims.
- At least one fluidizing device which injects gas is provided between or in the region around the at least one outlet device.
- This gas can also be injected directionally and in particular in an orientation corresponding to a continuation of the imaginary space spiral, wherein the imaginary space spiral compressed for this purpose above the taper down, especially two-dimensional or projected onto the surface of the tank or mixer is.
- the bulk material can be offset before entering the taper in a corresponding rotation.
- such directed fluidization is arranged in particular in the range of half to four times the length of the greatest extent of the taper around it, in particular in a circular manner.
- the object is also achieved by a method for gravity-driven discharge of bulk material, in which bulk material is passed through a downwardly narrowing funnel-shaped taper and the bulk material in the region of the funnel-shaped taper is fluidized by gas jets, wherein the gas jets are arranged and formed, that they lie tangentially against one, in each case, a downwardly tapering and intended in the funnel-shaped taper arranged space spiral.
- the bulk material at the end of the taper in a tube, in particular with a constant diameter, and / or a shut-off device, in particular the pipe or the shut-off device has at least, in particular exactly, the free diameter of the taper at the end.
- Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a funnel-shaped taper 4 with constant taper or inclination.
- a space spiral 1 Arranged therein is the view of a space spiral 1, which is not shown in section, but completely shown.
- the space spiral 1 has a rotation axis 2, which also represents the mirror axis of the circular cross-section taper 4.
- Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a tank with an outlet device. In it, also not in cross section, but arranged in perspective, a space spiral 1 is shown.
- the tank 5 has in this representation, no upper limit and has at its lower limit to an outlet, which has a funnel-shaped taper 4.
- an imaginary space spiral 1 is shown, which has a rotation axis 2, which coincides with the mirror axis of the circular cross-section taper 4.
- a foam core 5 is arranged, which has passage openings which are formed as Gasauslassdüsen 6 and which pass through the funnel-shaped taper 4 or its limitation and thus gas from an air space 7 through the recesses in Foam core 5 in through can let through the funnel-shaped rejuvenation.
- a tube 8 which is constant in cross-section, is shown, whose free cross section coincides with the free cross section of the funnel-shaped taper 4.
- a valve 9 is arranged within the tube 8. The bulk material in the tank can flow with the valve 9 open through the funnel-shaped taper into the tube and through the valve 9.
- FIG. 3 shows a top view of a funnel-shaped taper 4. This has a free cross section 12 and a largest diameter 11. Within this funnel-shaped taper 4 is arranged a space spiral 1. This extends over the funnel-shaped taper and thus represents a space spiral, as shown in the Figures 1 and 2 was shown.
- Each of these gas outlet openings 6 extends a gas jet, which bears tangentially against a common imaginary space spiral 1.
- the gas jet is shown here idealized with an opening angle of 0 °.
Abstract
Die vorliegende Anmeldung betrifft eine Auslassvorrichtung, einen Mischer sowie ein Verfahren zum Auslassen von Schüttgut.The present application relates to an outlet device, a mixer and a method for discharging bulk material.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es somit eine verbesserte Auslassvorrichtung bzw. einen verbesserten Mischer oder Tank bzw. ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Schwerkraft getriebenen Entladung von Schüttgut anzugeben.The object of the present invention is thus to specify an improved outlet device or an improved mixer or tank or an improved method for gravity-driven discharge of bulk material.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Auslassvorrichtung zur Schwerkraft getriebenen Entladung von Schüttgut weist eine sich nach unten verengende trichterförmige Verjüngung 4 auf, wobei im Bereich der trichterförmigen Verjüngung 4 Gasauslassdüsen 6 angeordnet sind. Dabei sind die Gasauslassdüsen 6 erfindungsgemäß so angeordnet und ausgebildet, dass die von Ihnen ausgegebenen Gasstrahlen10 tangential an jeweils einer sich nach unten verjüngenden und in der trichterförmigen Verjüngung 4 gedacht angeordneten Raumspirale anliegen. An outlet device according to the invention for gravity-driven discharge of bulk material has a downwardly narrowing funnel-shaped taper 4, gas outlet nozzles 6 being arranged in the region of the funnel-shaped taper 4. According to the invention, the gas outlet nozzles 6 are arranged and designed such that the gas jets 10 emitted by them lie tangentially against a space spiral tapering downwards and intended in the funnel-shaped taper 4.
Description
Die vorliegende Anmeldung betrifft eine Auslassvorrichtung, einen Mischer sowie ein Verfahren zum Auslassen von Schüttgut.The present application relates to an outlet device, a mixer and a method for discharging bulk material.
Schüttgut wird teilweise in einem Behälter gelagert, zwischengelagert oder gemischt und muss aus diesem entladen werden. Dazu wird teilweise eine Schwerkraft getriebene Entladung genutzt, indem im unteren Bereich des Behältnisses eine verschließbare Öffnung vorgesehen wird. Dabei ist die verschließbare Öffnung so zu wählen, dass sie sicher und reproduzierbar verschlossen werden kann. Problematisch hierbei ist nicht nur das sichere Verschließen, sondern auch der, gerade bei großen Öffnungen dafür notwendige Aufwand bzw. der daran entstehende Verschleiß. Entscheidend sind, gerade auch bei großen Öffnungen, auch notwendige Zeiten für das Öffnen und insbesondere Schließen. Aus diesem Grund hat man begonnen, kleinere Öffnungen bzw. eine Vielzahl kleinerer Öffnungen vorzusehen und somit auch eine Vielzahl von Absperrvorrichtungen, jeweils eine pro Öffnung, vorzusehen. Dadurch steigt aber nicht nur der Aufwand, da eine Vielzahl von Absperrrichtungen vorzusehen ist, sondern kann ggf. auch die Entladezeit negativ beeinflusst werden, da der insgesamt zur Verfügung stehende Querschnitt reduziert wird und insbesondere auch Reibungen an den vermehrt vorhandenen Grenzflächen auftreten.Bulk material is partly stored, stored or mixed in a container and must be unloaded from it. For this purpose, a gravity-driven discharge is partially used by a closable opening is provided in the lower part of the container. The closable opening should be selected so that it can be closed safely and reproducibly. The problem here is not only the safe closing, but also, especially for large openings necessary effort or the resulting wear. Decisive, especially for large openings, are also necessary opening and closing times. For this reason, it has begun to provide smaller openings or a plurality of smaller openings and thus also a plurality of shut-off devices, one per opening to provide. However, this not only increases the complexity, since a large number of shut-off directions must be provided, but if necessary, the discharge time can also be adversely affected since the overall available cross-section is reduced and, in particular, friction occurs at the increasingly present boundary surfaces.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es somit eine verbesserte Auslassvorrichtung bzw. einen verbesserten Mischer oder Tank bzw. ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Schwerkraft getriebenen Entladung von Schüttgut anzugeben.The object of the present invention is thus to specify an improved outlet device or an improved mixer or tank or an improved method for gravity-driven discharge of bulk material.
Dies wird gelöst durch eine Auslassvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, einen Mischer oder Tank gemäß Anspruch 11 sowie ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 12. Die abhängigen Ansprüche 2 bis 10 sowie 13 bis 15 geben vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen an.This is achieved by an outlet device according to
Eine erfindungsgemäße Auslassvorrichtung zur Schwerkraft getriebenen Entladung von Schüttgut weist eine sich nach unten verengende trichterförmige Verjüngung auf, wobei im Bereich der trichterförmigen Verjüngung Gasauslassdüsen angeordnet sind. Dabei sind die Gasauslassdüsen erfindungsgemäß so angeordnet und ausgebildet, dass die von Ihnen ausgegebenen Gasstrahlen tangential an jeweils einer sich nach unten verjüngenden und in der trichterförmigen Verjüngung gedacht angeordneten Raumspirale anliegen.An outlet device according to the invention for gravity-driven discharge of bulk material has a downwardly narrowing funnel-shaped taper, gas outlet nozzles being arranged in the region of the funnel-shaped taper. In this case, the gas outlet nozzles according to the invention are arranged and designed so that the gas jets emitted by you lie tangentially against a respective space spiral tapering downwards and arranged in the funnel-shaped taper.
Die Gasauslassdüsen können auf verschiedenste Art und Weise ausgebildet werden. Entscheidend ist dabei, dass das Gas in eine vorgegebene Richtung beschleunigt und somit zumindest zu einem gewissen Grad gerichtet aus der Gasauslassdüse ausgegeben wird. Als Gas kommen hier insbesondere Luft oder andere nicht explosive Gase in Frage. Die gedachte Raumspirale befindet sich innerhalb der trichterförmigen Verjüngung und verjüngt sich mit zunehmender Verengung der trichterförmigen Verjüngung ebenfalls. Pro Gasauslassdüse kann dabei eine gedachte Raumspirale vorliegen. Diese müssen nicht unbedingt identisch und/oder deckungsgleich gedacht angeordnet sein.The gas outlet nozzles can be formed in various ways. It is crucial that the gas is accelerated in a predetermined direction and thus at least to a certain extent directed out of the gas outlet nozzle. As gas here come in particular air or other non-explosive gases in question. The imaginary space spiral is located within the funnel-shaped rejuvenation and tapers with increasing narrowing of the funnel-shaped rejuvenation. There may be an imaginary space spiral per gas outlet nozzle. These do not necessarily have to be arranged identically and / or congruently.
Die Raumspiralen können auf unterschiedlichen Arten und Weisen ausgebildet sein. So kann es sich beispielsweise um eine in der Aufsicht archimedische oder hyperbolische Spirale handeln. Aber auch logarithmische, fermatsche Spirale, Wurzelschnecken oder Abschnitte von Lituusspiralen oder Klothoide sind hier denkbar. Diese sind sodann in den Raum derart gestreckt, dass ihre inneren Bereiche nach unten herausgezogen sind. Dabei können sich in der seitlichen Ansicht unterschiedliche Hüllkurven der Raumspirale ergeben. Die Hüllkurven haben insofern die Gemeinsamkeit, dass sie sich nach unten hin stetig verjüngen. Ihre Begrenzung kann dabei in der seitlichen Ansicht bzw. im Längsschnitt aber als Gerade oder Kurve, beispielsweise Hyperbel, gegeben sein. Die gedachten Raumspiralen weisen dabei mindestens zwei, insbesondere mindestens vier Umdrehungen auf, an denen Gasstrahlen der Gasauslassdüsen tangential anliegen. Insbesondere liegen dabei pro Umdrehungen mindestens zwei, insbesondere mindestens vier Gasstrahlen der Gasauslassdüsen an, insbesondere pro Umdrehung.The space spirals can be designed in different ways. For example, it may be an Archimedean or hyperbolic spiral in plan view. But logarithmic, Fermatian spiral, root snails or sections of Lituusspiralen or Klothoide are conceivable here. These are then stretched into the room so that their inner areas are pulled down. In this case, different envelopes of the space spiral can result in the lateral view. The envelopes have in that the commonality that they rejuvenate downwards steadily. Their limitation can be given in the lateral view or in longitudinal section but as a straight line or curve, for example, hyperbola. The imaginary space spirals have at least two, in particular at least four revolutions, at which gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles lie tangentially. In particular, at least two, in particular at least four gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles are present per revolution, in particular per revolution.
Die Verjüngung und/oder die gedachte Raumspirale weisen dabei eine Höhe von bevorzugt 50 bis 250mm und/oder bevorzugt 50 - 80% des freien Durchmessers auf. Dabei ist die Höhe der gedachten Raumspirale zu bestimmen durch den obersten Punkt der gedachten Raumspirale, an dem ein Gasstrahl tangential anliegt und dem untersten Punkt der gedachten Raumspirale, an dem ein Gasstrahl tangential anliegt. Insbesondere liegt dazwischen an jeder Umdrehung der gedachten Raumspirale mindestens eins, insbesondere vier Gasstrahlen tangential an.The taper and / or the imaginary space spiral in this case have a height of preferably 50 to 250 mm and / or preferably 50 to 80% of the free diameter. The height of the imaginary space spiral is to be determined by the uppermost point of the imaginary space spiral, on which a gas jet tangentially rests and the lowest point of the imaginary space spiral, to which a gas jet lies tangentially. In particular, there is at least one, in particular four gas jets tangentially at each revolution of the imaginary space spiral in between.
Die Verjüngung weist insbesondere über ihren gesamten Höhenbereich jeweils kreisförmige Querschnitte auf.The taper has in particular over its entire height range in each case circular cross-sections.
Die Gasstrahlen werden nie eine linienförmige Ausbreitung aufweisen, sondern nur zu einem gewissen Grad gerichtet sein. Hier wird insbesondere eine Aufweitung von weniger als 20°, insbesondere weniger als 15°, bevorzugt. Die Ausweitung des Gasstrahls ist dabei in einer Situation ohne Schüttgut zu betrachten, bei der der Gasstrahl also in einem evakuierten oder maximal mit Gas, insbesondere Luft mit Atmosphärendruck gefüllten Umgebung betrachtet wird. Zur Bestimmung, inwiefern der Gasstrahl an der gedachten Raumspirale anliegt, wird insbesondere die Mittellinie des Gasstrahls verwendet und ihre Orientierung bzw. Lage zur gedachten Raumspirale analysiert. Fertigungstechnisch sind dabei selbstverständlich Schwankungen und Abweichungen hinzunehmen, insbesondere solche, die unterhalb der Aufweitung des Gasstrahls, insbesondere unterhalb der hier als Obergrenze angegebenen Größe der Ausweitung des Gasstrahls liegen.The gas jets will never have a linear spread, but will only be directed to a certain extent. Here, in particular, a widening of less than 20 °, in particular less than 15 °, is preferred. The expansion of the gas jet is to be considered in a situation without bulk material, in which the gas jet is thus considered in an evacuated or filled with gas, especially air at atmospheric pressure environment. In order to determine to what extent the gas jet is applied to the imaginary space spiral, the center line of the gas jet is used in particular, and its orientation or position relative to the imaginary space spiral is analyzed. Naturally, variations in production and production are to be accepted here, in particular those which are below the widening of the gas jet, in particular below the size of the expansion of the gas jet indicated here as the upper limit.
Die gedachte Raumspirale weist dabei insbesondere eine maximale Breite bzw. einen maximalen Durchmesser auf, der bei 40-100% des Durchmessers der Verjüngung in der Höhe der maximalen Breite der gedachten Raumspirale liegt.The imaginary space spiral in this case has in particular a maximum width or a maximum diameter which is 40-100% of the diameter of the taper in the height of the maximum width of the imaginary space spiral.
Die trichterförmige Verjüngung wird insbesondere durch eine diese begrenzende Struktur, beispielsweise aus einem Blech oder anderen Werkstoffen, gebildet. Die Grenzfläche ist dabei insbesondere glatt und ohne vorstehende Teile, insbesondere auch ohne Leitbleche, ausgeführt. Mit besonderem Vorteil stehen auch die Gasauslassdüsen nicht aus dieser Begrenzung der Verjüngung hervor. Somit bildet die Begrenzung oder Grenzfläche der trichterförmigen Verjüngung insbesondere eine glatte trichterförmige Form aus.The funnel-shaped taper is formed in particular by a limiting structure, for example, from a sheet or other materials. The interface is in particular smooth and without protruding parts, especially without baffles executed. With particular advantage, the gas outlet nozzles are not apparent from this limitation of the taper. Thus, the boundary or boundary surface of the funnel-shaped taper in particular forms a smooth funnel-shaped shape.
Durch die Gasstrahlen wird das zumindest teilweise Schüttgut nicht nur in eine spiralförmige abwärts gerichtete Rotation gebracht, sondern wird es auch zumindest teilweise fluidisiert. Durch diese Zusammenwirkung kann eine besonders effiziente Schwerkraft getriebene Entladung von Schüttgut auch durch kleine Öffnungen erfolgen.The gas jets at least partially bulk material is not only brought into a spiral downward rotation, but it is also at least partially fluidized. By this interaction, a particularly efficient gravity driven discharge of bulk material can also be done through small openings.
Mit besonderem Vorteil liegen die ausgegebenen Gasstrahlen in einem Abstand von 0-10 cm von ihrem Austrittspunkt aus der jeweiligen Gasauslassdüse an der jeweiligen gedachten Raumspirale tangential an.With particular advantage, the emitted gas jets are tangential at a distance of 0-10 cm from their exit point from the respective gas outlet nozzle to the respective imaginary space spiral.
Dadurch wird der Weg der Gasstrahlen bis zur tangentialen Berührung der gedachten Raumspirale minimiert, wodurch eine besonders effiziente Entladung und geringe Abschwächung des Gasstrahls bis zu diesem Punkt erfolgen kann.As a result, the path of the gas jets is minimized to tangential contact of the imaginary space spiral, whereby a particularly efficient discharge and low attenuation of the gas jet can take place up to this point.
Mit besonderem Vorteil weisen die Raumspiralen eine gemeinsame Rotationsachse auf. So können beispielsweise identische oder unterschiedliche gedachte Raumspiralen eine gemeinsame Rotationsachse aufweisen, beispielsweise indem identische Raumspiralen gegeneinander rotiert gedacht angeordnet sind und eine gemeinsame Rotationsachse aufweisen oder indem beispielsweise unterschiedliche Raumspiralen, insbesondere solche mit unterschiedlichen Breiten oder Durchmessern an der jeweils gemeinsamen Höhe eine gemeinsame Rotationsachse teilen, insbesondere indem beispielsweise eine innere gedachte Raumspirale innerhalb einer äußeren gedachten Raumspirale auf einer gemeinsamen Rotationsachse angeordnet sind.With particular advantage, the space spirals on a common axis of rotation. Thus, for example, identical or different imaginary space spirals may have a common axis of rotation, for example, by identical space spirals are arranged against each other rotatable thought and have a common axis of rotation or by, for example, different space spirals, especially those with different widths or diameters at the common height share a common axis of rotation in particular by, for example, an inner imaginary space spiral are arranged within an outer imaginary space spiral on a common axis of rotation.
Als Rotationsachse wird dabei insbesondere eine in der Erstreckung in die Höhe der Raumspirale ausgerichtete, insbesondere senkrecht zur Horizontalen ausgerichtete, insbesondere senkrecht zur Horizontalen ausgerichtete, Achse durch den Punkt, in dem sich die verjüngende Raumspirale in einen Punkt verjüngen würde, betrachtet. Dieser Punkt kann beispielsweise bei bei der mathematischen Definition der plattgedrückten Raumspirale ohne Achsverschiebung durch den Nullpunkt des Koordinatensystem gegeben sein.As an axis of rotation, in particular an axis aligned in the extension in the height of the space spiral, in particular oriented perpendicularly to the horizontal, in particular aligned perpendicularly to the horizontal, is viewed through the point in which the tapering space spiral would taper to a point. This point can be given, for example, in the mathematical definition of the flattened space spiral without axis shift through the zero point of the coordinate system.
Die Raumspirale ist insbesondere mittig oder konzentrisch in der Verjüngung angeordnet, so dass insbesondere die Rotationsachse der Raumspirale mit der Punktspiegelachse der Verjüngung, die insbesondere einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweist, überein fällt.The space spiral is in particular arranged centrally or concentrically in the taper, so that in particular the axis of rotation of the space spiral coincides with the point mirror axis of the taper, which in particular has a circular cross section.
Mit besonderem Vorteil sind die Raumspiralen jedoch identisch und insbesondere auch deckungsgleich angeordnet, so dass es sich insbesondere nur um eine einzige Raumspirale handelt, an denen alle Gasstrahlen tangential anliegen. Mit besonderem Vorteil sind zumindest maximal zwei Raumspiralen gedacht, an denen zusammen alle Gasstrahlen der Gasauslassdüsen tangential anliegen.With particular advantage, however, the space spirals are identical and in particular also congruently arranged, so that in particular it is only a single space spiral, against which all the gas jets lie tangentially. With particular advantage, at least a maximum of two space spirals are intended, at which together all the gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles tangentially.
Mit besonderem Vorteil weisen die Raumspiralen, bei seitlicher Ansicht bzw. im Längsschnitt, eine Kurve der Verjüngung, eine Hüllkurve, auf, die mit der Kurve der Verjüngung der trichterförmigen Verjüngung identisch ist oder aus ihr durch maßstabsgetraue Verkleinerung zu erhalten ist. Insbesondere bleibt der Abstand der Hüllkurve der Raumspirale zur Verjüngung, gemessen in der Horizontalen, konstant oder verkleinert sich kontinuierlich nach unten hin, er ist insbesondere relativ gesehen zur Breite bzw. zum Durchmesser der Verjüngung konstant.With particular advantage, the space spirals, when viewed from the side or in longitudinal section, a curve of the taper, an envelope, which is identical to the curve of the taper of the funnel-shaped taper or can be obtained from it by scale reduction. In particular, the distance of the envelope of the space spiral to the taper, measured in the horizontal, constant or decreases continuously downwards, he is in particular relatively constant to the width or the diameter of the taper.
Mit besonderem Vorteil sind die Gasauslassdüsen so angeordnet, dass an mindestens einer, insbesondere mindestens drei der Raumspiralen jeweils mindestens von drei der Gasauslassdüsen ausgegebene Gasstrahlen tangential anliegen.With particular advantage, the gas outlet nozzles are arranged so that at least one, in particular at least three of the space spirals respectively tangentially abut gas jets emitted by at least three of the gas outlet nozzles.
Durch eine gewisse Mindestanzahl von Gasstrahlen pro Raumspirale wird eine besonders effiziente Beschleunigung bzw. Bewegungsbeeinflussung des zu entladenden Schüttgutes erreicht. Mit besonderem Vorteil ist auch die Geschwindigkeit der Gasstrahlen der Gasauslassdüsen unterschiedlich bemessen, insbesondere steigt sie mit tieferer, also weiter unten liegender, Lage des Kontaktpunktes der Gasstrahlen an der Raumspirale. Dadurch lässt sich eine besonders effiziente Entleerung erreichen, da auch das Schüttgut mit fortschreitender Verjüngung bei gleichbleibender Strömungsmenge zu beschleunigen ist.By a certain minimum number of gas jets per space spiral, a particularly efficient acceleration or movement influencing of the bulk material to be discharged is achieved. With particular advantage, the speed of the gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles is dimensioned differently, in particular it increases with deeper, so lying below, the position of the contact point of the gas jets on the space spiral. As a result, a particularly efficient emptying can be achieved, since the bulk material is to be accelerated with progressive taper at a constant flow rate.
Mit besonderem Vorteil sind die Gasauslassdüsen so angeordnet, dass die Gasstrahlen horizontal oder nach unten hin geneigt ausgegeben werden. Mit besonderem Vorteil sind sie unter einem Winkel zur Horizontalen nach unten geneigt, der auch dem der Neigung zur Horizontalen des Kontaktpunktes des Gasstrahls an der Raumspirale entspricht oder zwischen 0° und dieser Neigung liegt.With particular advantage, the gas outlet nozzles are arranged so that the gas jets are output horizontally or inclined downwards. With particular advantage they are inclined at an angle to the horizontal downwards, which also corresponds to the inclination to the horizontal of the contact point of the gas jet to the space spiral or lies between 0 ° and this inclination.
Auch dies beeinflusst die Entladung positiv, da dadurch eine Beschleunigung in Richtung des Ausganges aus der Verjüngung bzw. des Endes der Verjüngung erreicht wird.This, too, positively influences the discharge, since it achieves an acceleration in the direction of the exit from the taper or the end of the taper.
Mit besonderem Vorteil sind die Gasauslassdüsen auf einer Begrenzung der sich nach unten verengenden trichterförmigen Verjüngung angeordnet und insbesondere so, dass sie nicht mehr als 5 mm, insbesondere gar nicht, in die Verjüngung hineinragen.With particular advantage, the gas outlet nozzles are arranged on a boundary of the downwardly narrowing funnel-shaped taper and in particular so that they do not protrude more than 5 mm, in particular not at all, into the taper.
Die Gasauslassdüsen können dabei auf verschiedene Art und Weisen ausgebildet sein. So ist beispielsweise bei einer größeren Materialstärke der Begrenzung eine einfache Bohrung durch diese Begrenzung als Düse ausreichend, insbesondere wenn sich diese Bohrung zur trichterförmigen Verjüngung bzw. zum trichterförmigen Inneren hin verjüngt. Alternativ kann beispielsweise auch eine entsprechende Düse oder ein entsprechendes Rohr an die Begrenzung angesetzt oder in diese eingesteckt sein, insbesondere von außen. Auch ist es möglich, durch einen Materialaufbau außerhalb der Begrenzung, der die trichterförmige Verjüngung von außen zu mindestens 50% umschließt, beispielsweise durch einen Schaum oder Kunststoff, in dem entsprechende Aussparungen eingebracht sind, Gasauslassdüsen zu erzeugen, die dann, beispielsweise in einem Loch der Begrenzung, die beispielsweise durch Blech oder andere Werkstoffe erzeugt sein kann, münden.The gas outlet nozzles can be designed in various ways. Thus, for example, with a larger material thickness of the boundary, a simple bore through this boundary is sufficient as a nozzle, in particular if this bore tapers toward the funnel-shaped taper or toward the funnel-shaped interior. Alternatively, for example, a corresponding nozzle or a corresponding pipe can be attached to the boundary or plugged into this, in particular from the outside. It is also possible, by a material structure outside the boundary, which surrounds the funnel-shaped taper from the outside to at least 50%, for example, by a foam or plastic, are introduced in the corresponding recesses, gas outlet nozzles which then, for example, in a hole of the boundary, which may be generated for example by sheet metal or other materials, open.
Mit besonderem Vorteil beträgt der freie Durchmesser der trichterförmigen Verjüngung 200-400 mm. Mit dem freien Durchmesser der Verjüngung ist der Durchmesser der Verjüngung gemeint, der den kleinsten Wert aufweist. Insbesondere mündet dieser frei Durchmesser in eine Verschlussvorrichtung, beispielsweise ein Ventil, die insbesondere mindestens denselben freien Durchmesser aufweist oder in eine weitere Fördervorrichtung, insbesondere ein Rohr, das insbesondere mindestens ebenfalls den gleichen Durchmesser, insbesondere den gleichen Durchmesser aufweist.With particular advantage, the free diameter of the funnel-shaped taper is 200-400 mm. By the free diameter of the taper is meant the diameter of the taper which has the smallest value. In particular, this free diameter opens into a closure device, for example a valve, which in particular has at least the same free diameter or into a further conveying device, in particular a tube which in particular also has at least the same diameter, in particular the same diameter.
Mit besonderem Vorteil weist die Verjüngung eine Verjüngung um 10-50% bezogen auf den Durchmesser oder die freie Querschnittsfläche auf und/oder weist sie eine Höhe von 30-200% der Verjüngung, auf. Die Verjüngung ist dabei die Veränderung der längsten freien Strecke bzw. des Durchmessers über die trichterförmige Verjüngung.Most preferably, the taper has a taper of 10-50% of the diameter or free cross-sectional area and / or has a height of 30-200% of the taper. The rejuvenation is the change of the longest free distance or the diameter of the funnel-shaped taper.
Mit besonderem Vorteil sind die Gasauslassdüsen so angeordnet, dass die Gasstrahlen an Punkten auf der trichterförmigen Verjüngung austreten, die selbst wieder Spirallinien auf der trichterförmigen Verjüngung bilden. Dabei sind insbesondere pro auf der trichterförmigen Verjüngung durch die Gasauslassdüsen gebildeten Spirallinien mindestens drei, insbesondere mindestens vier Gasauslassdüsen angeordnet. Mit besonderem Vorteil handelt es sich bei diesen Spirallinien um Projektionen von Abschnitten der gedachten Raumspirale, an der die jeweiligen Gasstrahlen tangential anliegen. Eine solche Projektion erfolgt insbesondere punktförmig von einem Punkt auf der Rotationachse der gedachten Raumspirale aus, insbesondere horizontal nach außen oder leicht nach oben gerichtet, wobei unter dieser Ausrichtung der Verlauf der Projektionslinien zu verstehen ist.With particular advantage, the gas outlet nozzles are arranged so that the gas jets emerge at points on the funnel-shaped taper, which in turn form spiral lines on the funnel-shaped taper. In particular, at least three, in particular at least four gas outlet nozzles are arranged per spiral lines formed on the funnel-shaped taper by the gas outlet nozzles. With particular advantage, these spiral lines are projections of sections of the imaginary space spiral at which the respective gas jets lie tangentially. Such a projection takes place in particular punctiform from a point on the axis of rotation of the imaginary space spiral, in particular directed horizontally outwards or slightly upwards, this orientation being understood to mean the course of the projection lines.
Die Aufgabe wird auch gelöst durch einen Mischer oder Tank für Schüttgut aufweisend auf seiner Unterseite mindestens eine, insbesondere mindestens zwei, bevorzugt drei, Auslassvorrichtungen nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche.The object is also achieved by a mixer or tank for bulk material having on its underside at least one, in particular at least two, preferably three, outlet devices according to one of the preceding claims.
Mit besonderem Vorteil ist zwischen oder im Bereich um die mindestens eine Auslassvorrichtung mindestens eine Fluidisierungsvorrichtung vorgesehen, die Gas einbläst. Dieses Gas kann dabei auch gerichtet eingeblasen werden und insbesondere in einer Orientierung, die einer Fortsetzung der gedachten Raumspirale entspricht, wobei die gedachte Raumspirale zu diesem Zweck oberhalb der Verjüngung nach unten hin gestaucht, insbesondere zweidimensional oder auf die Oberfläche des Tanks oder Mischers projiziert zu betrachten ist. Durch eine solche gerichtete Fluidisierung außerhalb der Auslassvorrichtung im Mischer oder Tank kann das Schüttgut schon vor Eintritt in die Verjüngung in eine korrespondierende Rotation versetzt werden. Dabei ist eine solche gerichtete Fluidisierung insbesondere im Bereich von der halben bis vierfachen Länge der größten Erstreckung der Verjüngung um diese, insbesondere kreisförmig herum, angeordnet.With particular advantage, at least one fluidizing device which injects gas is provided between or in the region around the at least one outlet device. This gas can also be injected directionally and in particular in an orientation corresponding to a continuation of the imaginary space spiral, wherein the imaginary space spiral compressed for this purpose above the taper down, especially two-dimensional or projected onto the surface of the tank or mixer is. By such a directed fluidization outside the outlet device in the mixer or tank, the bulk material can be offset before entering the taper in a corresponding rotation. In this case, such directed fluidization is arranged in particular in the range of half to four times the length of the greatest extent of the taper around it, in particular in a circular manner.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe auch durch ein Verfahren zur Schwerkraft getriebenen Entladung von Schüttgut, bei dem Schüttgut durch eine sich nach unten verengende trichterförmige Verjüngung geführt wird und das Schüttgut im Bereich der Trichterförmigen Verjüngung durch Gasstrahlen fluidisiert wird, wobei die Gasstrahlen so angeordnet und ausgebildet werden, dass sie tangential an jeweils einer, sich nach unten verjüngenden und in der trichterförmigen Verjüngung gedacht angeordneten Raumspirale anliegen.The object is also achieved by a method for gravity-driven discharge of bulk material, in which bulk material is passed through a downwardly narrowing funnel-shaped taper and the bulk material in the region of the funnel-shaped taper is fluidized by gas jets, wherein the gas jets are arranged and formed, that they lie tangentially against one, in each case, a downwardly tapering and intended in the funnel-shaped taper arranged space spiral.
In Bezug auf die Anordnung der Gasstrahlen, der Raumspirale bzw. die Ausbildung der Verjüngung und der Gasstrahl sind die obigen Ausführungen entsprechend zu übertragen. Mit besonderem Vorteil wird das Schüttgut am Ende der Verjüngung in ein Rohr, insbesondere mit konstantem Durchmesser, und/oder eine Absperrvorrichtung geführt, wobei insbesondere das Rohr bzw. die Absperrvorrichtung mindestens, insbesondere genau den, freien Durchmesser der Verjüngung an deren Ende aufweist.With respect to the arrangement of the gas jets, the space spiral or the formation of the taper and the gas jet, the above statements are transmitted accordingly. With particular advantage, the bulk material at the end of the taper in a tube, in particular with a constant diameter, and / or a shut-off device, in particular the pipe or the shut-off device has at least, in particular exactly, the free diameter of the taper at the end.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildungen und weitere Aspekte sollen im Folgenden rein schematisch und exemplarisch anhand der schematischen Figuren erläutert werden. Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine seitliche Ansicht einer Spirale in einem Querschnitt durch eine trichterförmige Verjüngung;
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt durch einen Tank mit trichterförmiger Verjüngung und eine darin angeordnete Spirale;
- Fig. 3
- eine Aufsicht auf eine trichterförmige Verjüngung mit darin angeordneter Spirale; und
- Fig. 4
- eine Aufsicht auf eine trichterförmige Verjüngung.
- Fig. 1
- a side view of a spiral in a cross section through a funnel-shaped taper;
- Fig. 2
- a section through a tank with funnel-shaped taper and arranged therein a spiral;
- Fig. 3
- a plan view of a funnel-shaped taper with arranged therein spiral; and
- Fig. 4
- a view of a funnel-shaped rejuvenation.
Gezeigt sind vier Gasauslassdüsen 6, wobei die am größten freien Durchmesser angeordneten Gasauslassdüsen als Düsen im Querschnitt dargestellt sind und die weiter innen angeordneten Gasauslassdüsen 6 nur mit ihrer Austrittsöffnung durch die trichterförmige Verjüngung 4 gezeigt sind. Aus diesen Gasauslassöffnungen 6 erstreckt sich jeweils ein Gasstrahl, der tangential an einer gemeinsamen gedachten Raumspirale 1 anliegt. Der Gasstrahl ist hier idealisiert mit einem Öffnungswinkel von 0° gezeigt.Shown are four
- 1
- Spirale
- 2
- Rotationsachse
- 3
- Hüllkurve
- 4
- Trichterförmige Verjüngung
- 5
- Tank
- 6
- Gasauslassdüse
- 7
- Luftkasten
- 8
- Rohr
- 9
- Ventil
- 10
- Gasstrahl
- 11
- Größter Querschnitt durch die Verjüngung
- 12
- Freier Querschnitt der Verjüngung
- 1
- spiral
- 2
- axis of rotation
- 3
- envelope
- 4
- Funnel-shaped rejuvenation
- 5
- tank
- 6
- gas outlet nozzle
- 7
- air box
- 8th
- pipe
- 9
- Valve
- 10
- gas jet
- 11
- Biggest cross section through the rejuvenation
- 12
- Free cross section of the rejuvenation
Claims (15)
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DE3103726A1 (en) * | 1981-02-04 | 1982-08-12 | Agrichema Handelsgesellschaft für Chemikalien, Industrieerzeugnisse und landwirtschaftlichen Bedarf mbH, 6501 Budenheim | Method for eliminating flow problems of bulk materials by using air-blast appliances |
US4496076A (en) * | 1982-04-16 | 1985-01-29 | Global Manufacturing Co. Inc. | Multiple blast aerator system |
GB2162778A (en) * | 1984-08-06 | 1986-02-12 | British Hydromechanics | Feeding abrasive material |
DE102010018841A1 (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Uhde Gmbh | discharge cone |
-
2016
- 2016-02-11 EP EP16155224.5A patent/EP3205605B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
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US2714043A (en) * | 1949-11-05 | 1955-07-26 | Crane Co | Conveyor apparatus |
GB1103445A (en) * | 1964-02-21 | 1968-02-14 | Gattys Tech | Improvements in and relating to the bulk discharge of materials |
DE1277119B (en) * | 1966-08-06 | 1968-09-05 | Bjarne Sem | Device for pneumatic conveying of coarse or difficult-to-flow masses |
DE3103726A1 (en) * | 1981-02-04 | 1982-08-12 | Agrichema Handelsgesellschaft für Chemikalien, Industrieerzeugnisse und landwirtschaftlichen Bedarf mbH, 6501 Budenheim | Method for eliminating flow problems of bulk materials by using air-blast appliances |
US4496076A (en) * | 1982-04-16 | 1985-01-29 | Global Manufacturing Co. Inc. | Multiple blast aerator system |
GB2162778A (en) * | 1984-08-06 | 1986-02-12 | British Hydromechanics | Feeding abrasive material |
DE102010018841A1 (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Uhde Gmbh | discharge cone |
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