EP3205376A1 - Fire protection flap with intumescence material - Google Patents

Abstract

Fire damper (1) with a housing (2), in which one or more pivotable flap elements (6, 6 ') are arranged, sealing the inner space (7) sealingly under heat attack, wherein in the interior (7) additionally intumescent under heat attack intumescence -Material (27) is arranged, wherein the heat-intumescent intumescent material (27) forms a pivot drive for at least one of the flap element (6, 6 ') arranged wing part (11-14).

Description

The invention relates to a fire damper with an intumescent under fire action and under the influence of heat material (intumescent material).

1. 1. Aufschäumen, das heißt das Formen einer leichten Isolierungsschicht als Hitzebremse. Beispiel: in die Isolation eines Kabels eingebrachte Stoffe (z. B. expandierbares Graphit / Blähgraphit) setzen bei Wärmeeinwirkung Gase frei. Zusammen mit dem veraschenden Isolierungsmaterial entsteht eine "geschäumte" Ascheschicht, welche die Sauerstoffzufuhr - und somit die Flammenausbreitung - behindert.
2. 2. Endotherme Wirkung durch Hydrate, die durch Wasserdampffreisetzung kühlen
3. 3. Expansionsdruck aufbringen, z. B. um Kunststoff-Rohre im Durchbruch (durch eine Wand oder Betondecke) im Brandfall zu versiegeln.

In fire protection, the term "intumescent material" refers to the appropriate "swelling" or foaming of materials. Intumescent building materials increase in volume under heat and decrease in density. As a rule, intumescent substances are used in preventative structural fire protection, where they have the following tasks to tackle:

1. 1. Foaming, that is forming a light insulation layer as a heat brake. Example: Materials introduced into the insulation of a cable (eg expandable graphite / expandable graphite) release gases when exposed to heat. Together with the incinerating insulation material, a "foamed" ash layer is formed, which impedes the supply of oxygen - and thus the spread of the flame.
2. 2. Endothermic action by hydrates, which cool by steam release
3. 3. apply expansion pressure, z. B. to seal plastic pipes in the breakthrough (by a wall or concrete ceiling) in case of fire.

Intumescent building materials are also called "insulating layers". In Germany intumescent building materials and components containing them are subject to approval.

Fire dampers are installed in walls and / or ceilings of buildings in the form of overflow flaps. This means that at the left boundary of the wall can be a room and at the right boundary of the wall and in the wall between a built-in as overflow flap fire damper is installed.

Another important installation case for the fire damper according to the invention is the installation of the fire damper in an existing ventilation duct, which leads, for example, to the outside.

For all cases of installation which have been described above and which belong to the prior art, the fire damper according to the invention is suitable.

When under the action of an intumescent material intumescent fire protection devices and fire dampers, it is known to lock the necessary for complete closure of the flow opening in a tubular housing flap elements with a fused solder holder. When heated melts the fusible link and dissolves a mechanical connection, so that the example spring-loaded damper blades are automatically moved into the closed position ( DE 100 43 774 A1 ).

The disadvantage of such a fire protection device, however, is that the spring-loaded damper blades are connected to mechanical pivot axes on the pipe housing and therefore an axle-mounted pivot bearing of the spring-biased damper blades is required, which is maintenance-related.

With the subject of AT 411 965 B1 Another fire protection device has become known, which is installed as a fire damper in air and installation wells and in which also a unilaterally pivotally mounted flap element is present. In the interior of the tubular housing, an additional ring is arranged as Brandausbreitungshemm-organ, which increases its volume under heat, especially at temperatures of about 150 ° C and foaming the interior of the tube housing cross-section filling.

Such a material is called intumescent material. Because of the pivotable about a pivot axis mounted flap element, there is the disadvantage that such a fire protection device is subject to maintenance.

It has therefore been recognized as disadvantageous to use fire dampers according to the prior art, in which the flap elements via mechanical pivot axes, the z. B. are controlled by drives to use.

Such fire dampers have increased maintenance, with annual maintenance and inspection work on the mobility of the pivotally mounted flap elements are necessary.

In the DIN standard DIN 1366-12 fire dampers are required, which operate without pivotally mounted closure elements.

The realization of a quick-closing fire seal with a fire damper according to this DIN standard, which works perfectly even at a differential negative pressure of -300 Pascal, is difficult to achieve. The working only with an intumescent AT-publication can not meet such a requirement.

The invention is therefore based on the object, a fire damper of the type mentioned in such a way that can be dispensed with a mechanical pivotal mounting of flap elements, thus the entire fire damper is maintenance-free and corresponds to said DIN standard.

The solution of the problem is achieved by the technical teaching of claim. 1

A feature of the invention is that the intumescent material foaming under heat attack forms a pivot drive for at least one wing part arranged on the flap element.

For the realization of the invention, it is sufficient for the realization of a single wing flap to arrange only a single, pivotally arranged on one side of a base plate wing part, which pivots under the action of the expanding intumescent material along a plastically deformable bending edge. The size of the wing part then corresponds approximately to the area of the base part, so that the wing part approximately covers the base plate.

For reasons of an improved pivoting drive, however, it is preferred if in each case a wing part is arranged on both sides of a base plate. There are therefore two opposing wing flaps present, which form with their undersides in the direction of the base plate a receiving chamber for the intumescent material and pivot up against each other.

In a simple version, it is sufficient to use only a single flap. But to let the fire damper be effective on both sides against a heat attack, two oppositely directed wing flaps are to be used.

Preferred feature of the invention is therefore that the flap element of the fire damper consists of two mirror-symmetrically mounted against each other fastened, sheet-like wing flaps, each wing flap consists of two overlapping with respect to their free ends, flap-like wing parts, which between them a receiving chamber for receiving an approximately plate-like intumescence -Materials form and which are pivotally connected via each end-side bending edges with the base plate of the respective wing flap.

With the given technical teaching, there is the advantage that is omitted on mechanical axle mounts or mechanical pivot bearings, which should allow a slight pivotal mounting of wing parts.

The pivot axis of the individual wing parts, which in pairs form a wing flap, is formed as a plastic, one-time bendable bending edge. It therefore lacks an axle-mounted pivot axis. This means that in the event of fire in the receiving chamber of the wing flap expansive volume intumescent material forms a pivot drive for the wing parts, d. H. The swivel drive for the wing parts is done by the foaming of the intumescent material.

Thus, the advantage is achieved that no mechanical pivot axes are present, but only in each case a metallic, plastically deformable bending edge in the sheet material of the wing flap.

The wing flap consists of a thin flap-like sheet metal part and the bending edge advantageously has bend-facilitating slots. The wing parts are connected only in certain web areas in the space between the bend-facilitating slots with the base plate of the wing flap, so as to allow easy flexibility. The wing flaps pivot over a plastic bending of the arranged there in the web area metallic sheet material under the action of the intumescent material.

It is therefore dispensed with any spring drives or spring-biased wing parts, as well as on pivot axes, which are formed by bearing axes or bearing bores.

Instead, a plastic deformation of the wing parts in the region of the metallic bending edge in the direction of the metallic base plate is effected by the action of the intumescent material. As a result, upon pivoting of the respective wing part of the fixed base plate away, ensuring a permanent deformation of the bending edge. The erected from the rest position under the action of the intumescent material wing part then remains in this erected position, seals the Durchströmquerschnitt and simultaneously shields the lightweight Intumeszenz material against erosion by the high air velocity (negative pressure of up to 300 Pascal) flowing air stream.

In case of fire, therefore, the flap element unfolds with the two - broadside on broadside - interconnected wing flaps such that the two wing parts on the respective wing flap directed against each other swing open and fill the interior of the tube housing of the fire damper sealed.

When using a flap element, the wing flaps are driven by an intumescent material pivotally, there is the advantage that even at a negative pressure of more than 300 Pascal there is no risk that the internal cross section of the tube housing filling, foamed intumescent material is removed.

The flap element with its two mirror-symmetrically attached to the broad side wing flaps thus ensures a stationary storage and Einkammerung of the foamed intumescent material, without the risk that the foamed intumescent material is removed in case of fire by the resulting negative pressure flow. It is protected and covered on both sides by the pivoted-up metal plates of the wing parts against the incoming air flow.

It is therefore a fire damper with two mirror-symmetrically arranged on the broad side, pivotable wing flaps described whose wing parts by a plastic deformation of the opposite bending edges under the action of a foaming Swing intumescent material so that it is possible to dispense with the known axle-bound pivot bearings.

In a preferred embodiment, each wing flap consists of overlapping sheet-like wing parts in the middle region, which each form the plastically deformable bending edge on the outside in the direction of a base plate and form a receiving chamber for the plate-shaped intumescent material in connection with the base plate.

Advantage of the overlap of the individual wing parts is that they drive each other when pivoting in the pivoting direction, which means that the stored in the receiving chamber intumescent material first swings the wing part when foaming the intumescent material and thereby entrains the opposite wing part and in supported his Aufschwenkbewegung.

The two wing parts which overlap at the free ends thus assist one another when pivoting about the plastically deformable bending edges which are respectively arranged opposite one another and parallel to one another.

The two, overlapping wing portions of the respective wing flap form the upper boundary of a receiving chamber, in which the Intumeszenz material is included. As a result, a false foaming is avoided in an undesirable direction during foaming of the intumescent material, because the two wing parts close the receiving chamber upwards and thus force the intumescent intumescent material to expand against the respective pivotal parts of the respective wing part so the two wing parts directed against each other to swing their plastic bending edges.

The invention is not limited to the arrangement of two mirror-symmetrically in the region of a line of symmetry broadside interconnected wing flaps. It can also be provided that each wing flap, which in turn consists of two wing parts in turn, is associated with an additional drive element, which under the action of an intumescent intumescent material forms a radial displacement drive for one wing flap each.

Such a drive element can below the respective wing flap, d. H. be arranged below the base plate of the respective wing flap and ensures that the respective wing flap accelerated under the action of this drive element in the radial direction is pushed onto the inner cross section of the tubular housing, so as to allow an accelerated fire completion of the interior of the tubular housing.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that this additional drive element performs an additional drive in the radial direction of the tubular housing and it is particularly preferred if the drive element is also designed as a wing flap, which similar to the other wing flaps an inner receiving chamber for receiving formed by intumescent material and the intumescent material there foaming also deforms radially outward side wing parts under plastic deformation in the region of the bending edges, so as to push the wing flap lying on it radially outwards, thereby allowing a faster fire seal the interior of the tube housing ,

The subject of the present invention results not only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also from the combination of the individual claims with each other.

All information and features disclosed in the documents, including the abstract, in particular the spatial design shown in the drawings, are claimed to be essential to the invention insofar as they are novel individually or in combination with respect to the prior art.

As far as individual items are referred to as "essential to the invention" or "important", this does not mean that these items necessarily have to form the subject of an independent claim. This is determined solely by the current version of the independent claim.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings showing only one embodiment. Here are from the drawings and their description further features essential to the invention and advantages of the invention.

Figur 1:

perspektivische Ansicht einer Brandschutzklappe im Ruhezustand nach der Erfindung

Figur 2:

Schnitt gemäß der Linie A-A in Figur 3 durch die Brandschutzklappe

Figur 3:

die Seitenansicht der Brandschutzklappe nach Figur 1

Figur 4:

die Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung IV in Figur 2 und Figur 3

Figur 5:

eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Figur 2 mit Darstellung weiterer Einzelheiten

Figur 6:

die gleiche Darstellung wie Figur 5 im Brandfall

Figur 7:

die gleiche Darstellung wie Figur 6 in voll geschlossenem Zustand

Figur 8:

in Ansicht des Pfeiles VIII in Figur 7

Figur 9:

ein Einbaubeispiel für die Brandschutzklappe nach der Erfindung

Figur 10:

die Seitenansicht des Einbaus der Brandschutzklappe nach Figur 9

Figur 11:

ein erweitertes Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Klappenelement

Figur 12:

das Klappenelement nach Figur 11 im Brandfall

Show it:

FIG. 1:

Perspective view of a fire damper at rest according to the invention

FIG. 2:

Section along the line AA in FIG. 3 through the fire damper

FIG. 3:

the side view of the fire damper after FIG. 1

FIG. 4:

the view in the direction of arrow IV in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3

FIG. 5:

an enlarged view of FIG. 2 with further details

FIG. 6:

the same representation as FIG. 5 in case of fire

FIG. 7:

the same representation as FIG. 6 in fully closed condition

FIG. 8:

in view of the arrow VIII in FIG. 7

FIG. 9:

an example of installation for the fire damper according to the invention

FIG. 10:

the side view of the installation of the fire damper after FIG. 9

FIG. 11:

an extended embodiment of a flap element

FIG. 12:

the flap element after FIG. 11 in case of fire

In the FIGS. 1 to 10 a first embodiment of a fire damper 1 is shown, which consists essentially of a metallic pipe housing 2, in whose axially spaced pipe sections two different, arranged on the outer circumference Abdichtringe are arranged.

The one sealing ring 3 is designed as a so-called cold seal and provides a seal of the tubular housing 2 in a passage cross section of a wall, while the oppositely arranged sealing ring 4 is formed as a hot seal and consists essentially of a ring seal, which foams under heat.

As an example, in FIG. 1 registered that an air flow through the tube housing 2 in the direction of arrow 5 takes place. Of course, the air flow can also run in the opposite direction to the arrow 5.

The tubular housing 2 forms a tubular interior 7, which is completely closed by a centrally installed flap element 6 in case of fire. Instead of a cylindrical cross section of the tubular housing may also other cross sections, such. B. a square cross-section can be used.

The flap member 6 consists of two flat side-to-flat side interconnected wing flaps 8, 9, which are preferably made of a sheet material having a thickness of z. B. 0.6 mm.

After the one wing flap 8 is identical to the wing flap 9 and the two wing flaps 8, 9 beyond a parting line 10 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to each other, it is basically sufficient to explain only the function of a single wing flap 8 with its wing parts 11 and 12, because the other wing flap 9 with its wing parts 13, 14 identically identical.

The two wing flaps 8, 9 each have a base plate 16, 17, and the two adjoining base plates 16, 17 form over their entire surface a parting line 15 which is impermeable to air. In the region of the parting line 15, the two adjoining base plates 16, 17 of the wing flaps 8, 9 are interconnected, for example, by an adhesive or by other mechanical connection means.

The FIGS. 2 to 4 show that each wing flap 8, 9 consists of wing parts 11, 12 and 13, 14 which overlap with their free ends. This is especially out FIG. 5 refer to.

The base plate 16, 17 of each wing flap 8, 9 continues with a short vertical web upwards, wherein the height of the web is about 3 mm.

In each case, two opposing bending edges 18, 28 adjoin this web (see FIG. 5 ), so that the two, the upper wing flap 8 associated wing parts 11, 12, overlap each other in the region of an overlap region 24 and each lying outside the opposite and Forming mutually parallel plastically deformable bending edges 18, 28 in conjunction with the vertical web.

Thus, the wing parts 11, 12 form the upper cover of a self-contained receiving chamber 25, which is open only to the front side to the outside.

The receiving chamber 25 is formed at the top by the two overlapping wing parts 11, 12 and the bottom by the base plate 16, wherein the lateral webs in FIG. 5 not provided with reference numerals.

In the self-contained receiving chamber 25, a plate-shaped intumescent material 27 is inserted.

It can also be several plates from the intumescent intumescent material stacked or juxtaposed in the receiving chamber 25 may be arranged.

For the mirror-symmetrical with respect to the parting line 15 arranged underneath wing flap 9 apply the same explanations, which therefore has down in the direction of arrow 21 aufschwenkende wing parts 13, 14 with the associated bending edges 19, 29.

Accordingly, while the upper wing parts 11, 12 pivot upward in the directions of the arrows 20, 20 ', the lower wing parts 13, 14 of the lower wing flap 9 pivot against one another in the directions of the arrows 21, 21'.

It will according to FIG. 4 Preferably, when the respective bending edges 8, 28 and 9, 19 are formed by bend-facilitating slots. The plastically deformable bending edges 18, 28 and 9, 19 are according to FIG. 4 through in the Length shortened metallic connecting webs 23 formed from the metal material.

Between the short connecting webs 23, which are formed from the metal material of the base plate and the adjoining wing parts lie bending-facilitating slots 22 through which the intumescent material 27 is visible. This shows the FIG. 4 ,

The FIG. 6 shows the partially swung-out state of the wing parts 11-14, where it can be seen that the two receiving chambers 25, 26 have multiplied under the action of the intumescent material 27 in volume and the intumescent material ensures that the wing parts 11, 12 in the arrow directions 20, 20 'and the wing parts 13, 14 in the direction of arrows 21, 21' pivot against each other. There is a plastic deformation in the region of the oppositely arranged bending edges 18, 28 and 19, 29 instead.

Out FIG. 6 the advantage of the metallic flap element with the two plastically bendable, sheet metal flap-like wing flaps 8, 9 can be seen. The metallic flap elements cover the foamed intumescent material 27 against a flow of air flowing in the direction of arrow 5 and in the opposite direction. Thus, it is prevented that the foamed intumescent material 27 is discharged from the interior 7 of the tube housing 2.

In FIG. 7 is the fully swung out state of the wing parts 11-14 shown. There it can be seen that the initial state 30 was increased in relation to the volume of the receiving chambers 25, 26 in a compared to the greatly expanded state 30 '. The foamed intumescent material 27 has ensured that the wing parts 11-14 fill the complete cross section.

In the sole use of intumescent intumescent material in fire dampers could not always be guaranteed in the prior art that the intumescent material rests space filling the inner circumference of the tube housing.

Such a disadvantage avoids the invention, because the invention provides that the intumescent material is the drive means for pivoting the wing parts 11-14, so that it is not necessary for the solution that the intumescent intumescent material the complete interior 7 of the tubular housing. 2 closes. This is done by the wing flaps 8, 9 with the plastically bendable in the pivot axis wing parts 11-14.

Thus, valuable Intumeszenz material can be saved, because it is only a drive means and not necessarily to the full filling of the interior 7 must be dimensioned.

It is exploited the heat-insulating character of the intumescent material, without it being necessary that the complete cross section of the interior 7 of the tube housing 2 is filled.

The FIG. 8 shows the top view of the pipe cross section in the interior 7 filling wing parts 12, 14. Again, it can be seen that there is a plastic deformation of the pivot axes of the connecting webs 23 to the respective base plate 16, 17 subsequent wing parts 12, 14.

The FIGS. 9 and 10 show an example of installation of the fire damper 1 in a wall or ceiling 34th

The FIG. 10 shows the side view of the same installation example.

In order to achieve a defined radially outer stop of the respective wing parts 11-14 in the interior 7 of the tubular housing 2, it is provided that in Shell of the tube housing 2 at an axial distance the diameter of the tube housing reducing beads 31 are arranged, which form the stop surface for the radially outer part of the wing parts 11-14 with their inwardly drawn surfaces.

This ensures a clean stop of the swung-out in case of fire wing parts 11-14 in the interior 7 of the tube housing 2.

The beads 31 thus form the stop surfaces 32 for the wing parts 11-14.

The FIGS. 11 and 12 show an expanded embodiment of a flap element 6 ', wherein the drawing simplification is shown because of only one half of the flap element 6'. It is merely the upper wing flap 8 'is shown and it is not shown that beyond the line of symmetry 35 attaches the other, oppositely directed wing flap 9'. This is - not shown - assigned the same drive element.

It is therefore sufficient to explain the extension form based on the wing flap 8 '.

The wing flap 8 'consists of the same parts as the previously discussed wing flap 8, except that the base plate 16 of the wing flap 8' is not directly on the base plate 17 of the opposing wing flap 9 'is applied, but there is another drive element beyond the line of symmetry 35 is arranged.

The drive element is preferably designed as a wing flap 38 and forms with its plate-shaped base plate 41 and the laterally adjoining plastically bendable webs a self-contained space which is formed as a receiving chamber 36 for an intumescent material 27.

The upper end of the receiving chamber 36 is formed by two oppositely directed wing parts 39, 40, either with their free ends overlap or the free ends take a mutual distance from each other, as in FIG. 11 is shown.

The wing parts 39, 40 form the drive elements for the radial advance of the wing flap 8 'in the direction of arrow 37 in case of fire.

In the event of a fire, first the inner flap flap 38 is hit by the heat source with the intumescent material arranged there in the receiving chamber 36. The material contained there in the receiving chamber 36 will foam in the direction of arrow 37 and thereby pivot the two wing parts 39, 40 under elastic deformation of their bending edges to the outside, as shown in FIG. 12 is shown. They thus stand up and at the same time support themselves on the underside of the base plate 16 of the wing part 8 'in order to displace it in the radial direction (arrow direction 37) outwards in the direction of the inner circumference of the tubular housing 2.

During the displacement movement in the direction of arrow 37, the two oppositely disposed wing parts 11, 12 of the wing flap 8 'unfold, so that there is a double Ausfaltbewegung.

It is therefore a drive element with its Ausfaltbewegung of wing parts 39, 40 used in the form of an inner wing flap to allow a faster advance of the wing flap 8 'in the direction of the inner circumference of the tubular housing 2.

drawing Legend

1

Fire damper

2

tube housing

3

Sealing ring (cold seal)

4

Sealing ring (warm seal)

5

arrow

6

Flap element 6 '

7

inner space

8th

Wing flap 8 '

9

wing flap

10

parting line

11

Wing part (from 8) above

12

Wing part (from 8)

13

Wing part (from 9) above

14

Wing part (from 9)

15

parting line

16

Base plate (from 8)

17

Base plate (from 9)

18

Bending edge (top of 8)

19

Bending edge (top of 9)

20

Arrow direction 20 '

21

Arrow direction 21 '

22

slot

23

connecting web

24

overlap area

25

Receiving chamber (from 8)

26

Reception chamber (from 9)

27

Intumescent material

28

Bend Edge (from 8) - Part 12

29

Bend Edge (from 9) - Part 14

30

Initial state 30 '

31

Beading

32

stop surface

33

Slot (bend-alleviating)

34

Wall or ceiling

35

line of symmetry

36

receiving chamber

37

arrow

38

wing flap

39

wing part

40

wing part

41

baseplate

Claims (10)

Fire damper (1) with a housing (2), in which one or more pivotable flap elements (6, 6 ') are arranged, sealing the inner space (7) sealingly under heat attack, wherein in the interior (7) additionally intumescent under heat attack intumescence -Material (27) is arranged, characterized in that the intumescent material (27) which foams under heat attack forms a pivot drive for at least one wing part (11-14) arranged on the flap element (6, 6 ') and that the pivot axis of the wing parts (27). 11-14) is formed by a plastically deformable bending edge (18, 19) between the base plate (16, 17) and the wing part (11-14). Fire damper according to claim 1, characterized in that the flap element (6, 6 ') of the fire damper (1) consists of at least one wing flap (8, 9), the two opposite ends of a base plate (16, 17) two mirror-symmetrically against each other directed, pivotable in the region of a pivot axis, sheet-like wing parts (11-14), which form between them a receiving chamber (28) for receiving the approximately plate-shaped intumescent material. Fire damper according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the wing flap (8, 9) consists of a thin, sheet metal flap-like base plate (16, 17), at the two opposite ends of the plastically deformable bending edges (18, 19) are arranged , Fire damper according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plastically deformable bending edges (18, 19) have bend-facilitating slots. Fire damper according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flap element (6, 6 ') consists of two wing flaps (8, 9) connected to their broad sides, which with their wing parts (11-14) are directed against one another under the action of the wing Swirl out foaming intumescent material (27). Fire damper according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that two mutually mirror-symmetrically arranged on the broad side, pivotable wing flaps (8, 9) are present whose wing parts (11-14) by a plastic deformation of the opposing bending edges (18, 19 ) under the action of the intumescent intumescent material (27). Fire damper according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each wing flap (8, 9) is associated with an additional drive element (38), which under the expansion of the intumescent material (27) a radial displacement of the wing flap (8, 9) performs. Fire damper according to claim 7, characterized in that the drive element (38) is designed as a further wing flap, which consists of at least one pivotable wing part (39, 40) which rests against the underside of the displaceable wing flap (8, 9). Fire damper according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the drive element (38) has two oppositely directed wing parts (39, 40) which swivel under the action of the expanding intumescent material (27) under plastic deformation of a bending edge. Fire damper according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fire damper is completely maintenance-free.

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