EP3204954A1

EP3204954A1 - Superconducting device with coil devices and cooling device, and vehicle fitted therewith

Info

Publication number: EP3204954A1
Application number: EP15797303.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jörn GRUNDMANN; Anne Bauer; Peter Kummeth
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens AG
Priority date: 2014-11-28
Filing date: 2015-11-18
Publication date: 2017-08-16
Also published as: BR112017011000A2; DE102014224363A1; WO2016083203A1; CA2969032A1; US20170330663A1; CN107004486A

Abstract

A superconducting device (1) is provided, comprising - at least two electrical coil devices (3, 5), at least one of which is designed as a superconducting coil device (3, 5), - and comprising a cooling device (7) for cooling the coil devices (3, 5) with the aid of a coolant (9). The device (1) has at least one first connecting line (11a) between the two electrical coil devices (3, 5), which comprises both a first electrical conductor (13) for the electrical connection of the two coil devices (3, 5) and a first coolant tube (15) for transporting coolant (9) between the two coil devices (3, 5). Also provided is a vehicle (25) comprising such a device (1), which is designed as a drive device.

Description

description

Device of the superconducting technique with coil devices and cooling device as well as vehicle equipped therewith

The invention relates to a device of superconducting ^¬ technology with at least two electrical coil means, of which at least one is designed as a superconducting coil means, and with a cooling device for cooling the coil means by means of a coolant. In addition, the invention relates to a vehicle with such a device.

Known superconducting technology devices may include one or more superconducting coil devices. Such a superconductive coil device has at least one coil winding with a superconducting conductor material. For example, it can be a coil winding of a transformer or a coil winding of a superconducting machine, in particular a supralei ^¬ tende rotor winding or a superconducting stator winding or even superconducting rotor and stator windings, which are present together in a machine. The described devices of the superconducting technology there are devices having at least two electrical coil means, of which either one or both are as superconducting coil means being ^¬ staltet. These two electrical Spuleneinrichtun- gene may in particular coils of a transformer on the one hand and an electric machine other hand han ^¬ spindles, said machine may be generally configured as either a motor or a generator. In such a device, for example, either only the transformer may have a superconductive coil device or only the

Machine or both the transformer and the machine can each have at least one superconducting Spuleneinrich ^¬ tion. Such a combination of a transformer and a motor in a higher-level device can be used, for example, in rail vehicles. The coil means of such a device - both the superconducting and the normal conducting - can then be cooled by a common cooling device with the aid of a coolant. The unpublished German patent application with the file reference 102014208437.7 describes, for example, a cooling device for at least two components to be cooled, at least one of which comprises a superconductor, wherein all components are cooled by the same in a closed cooling circuit guided cooling medium.

A disadvantage of the previously known superconducting devices with multiple coil devices is that so far each of these coil devices is equipped with its own power supply lines for connection to an external circuit, which simultaneously represents a thermal bridge between the coil and the external environment for each of these coil devices. Particularly in the case of superconducting coil devices whose conductor materials have to be cooled to cryogenic temperatures below the critical temperature of the superconductor, such thermal bridges are particularly disadvantageous. Further disadvantages of the known devices are due to the relatively high resistances of the typically normal-conducting power supply lines and the space required for these power supply lines.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device of supra-line technology of the type mentioned, which overcomes the mentioned disadvantages. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide such a device with an improved thermal insulation of at least one of the coil devices against the warm external environment. A further object of the invention is to specify a device of the superconducting technique with improved electrical power supply lines for the coil devices, in particular with lower-resistance power supply lines. Another task The invention is the provision of a vehicle with such a device of the superconducting technique.

These objects are achieved by the apparatus described in claim 1 and the vehicle described in claim 15.

The inventive device of the superconducting technique has two electrical coil means on, GR of which nigstens as a superconducting coil means is ausgestal ^¬ tet. It further comprises a cooling device for cooling the coil device by means of a coolant. The device has at least one first connecting line between the two electrical coil devices, which comprises both a first electrical conductor for electrically connecting the two coil devices and a first coolant tube for transporting coolant between the two coil devices. In other words, the two electrical coil devices are connected to each other via the connecting line, that both an electrical contact and a transport of coolant between the two coil devices is made possible via this combined line. Within this connecting line so at least one power supply for one of the two coil means and at least one coolant tube are performed together. In this context, the common guidance of the power supply and the coolant pipe within a connecting line should be understood to mean that the power supply and the coolant pipe are routed within a common outer channel, for example together inside a common jacket or within a common pipe and / or a common recess , In particular, the power supply and the coolant pipe can run parallel to one another. In principle, they can be arranged adjacent to one another as well as one inside the other. There are numerous possible, some of which are described in more detail below.

The advantages of this coil device according to the invention are especially significant if both electric coil devices have components which have to be cooled strongly. This is particularly the case when both Spulenein ^¬ directions have superconducting coil windings. But even if only one of the coil means includes a superconducting coil winding and the second coil means is based on normally conducting conductor material, a ^full-¬ shaped cooling said second coil means may be advantageous, for example, to reduce the line resistance and / or dissipate heat. Regardless of the specific embodiment of the coil windings, it is advantageous when using cooled coil windings if the power supply for at least one of the coil devices is guided together with the coolant between the two coil devices. Within the connecting line, the power supply for the coil means may then be thermally well connected to the in coolant pipe transporting the coolant angekop ^¬ pelt, and the electrical conductor of the connecting line can be obtained by this thermal contact to a low temperature, for example to a cryogenic temperature underneath of 100 K to be cooled. This has the advantage that the resistance of this electrical conductor through the cooling may be particularly low, first, whereby the power losses and heat generation associated therewith can be maintained ge ^¬ ring. On the other hand, the cooling of the electrical connecting conductor can add an extra

Thermal bridge in the field of power supply for a coil device or both coil devices are avoided. Only the power supply lines, which connect the coil devices to the hot components of an external circuit, also cause a thermal leak due to the typically high thermal conductivity of the conductor materials used. In apparatus ent ^¬ speaking the present invention is at least the Coil means not directly connected to the warm components of an external circuit, but it is indi ^¬ rectly connected via the other coil means connected to this circuit, wherein the electrical Verbindungslei- ter is cooled in the section between the two coil means. In other words, it eliminates each extension lines a cold-hot transition for each of the arranged between the coil means connects at an exporting ^¬ approximate shape with two coil means for each of the two coil means. This will be in an arrangement with two

Connecting lines between the coil devices a total of four cold-warm transitions for power supply ^¬ saves. The vehicle according to the invention is equipped with a device according to the invention, which is designed in particular as Antriebsvor ^¬ direction. The vehicle may be the ^¬ particular a rail vehicle whose drive ^¬ device includes a motor and a transformer. The advantages of the vehicle according to the invention are analogous to the described advantages of the device according to the invention of superconducting technology.

Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention emerge from the claims dependent on claim 1 and further described embodiments. The embodiments of the device of superconductivity technology and the vehicle can be generally advantageous to each other combinatorial ^¬ defined.

The apparatus may have only one cooling device, wherein the cooling device is configured to circulate coolant in the form of a closed circuit from the region of a cold head to the at least two coil devices and back. The at least two coil devices of the device are thus cooled in this embodiment via a common cooling circuit. In principle, they can be either parallel or sequential to the coolant be flowed through. They are sequenced ^¬ tially through which the coolant flows is particularly advantageous, in particular, the Rei ^¬ henfolge the sequential flow may advantageously be selected so that the coil device is seen with the niedri- Geren predetermined operating temperature of the area of the cold head of first flowed through.

The coolant can in particular circulate in the closed circuit according to the thermosiphon principle. For this purpose, it can be condensed in the region of a condenser cooled by the cold head and forwarded in liquid form to the first coil device. In one embodiment, it can already evaporate from the first coil device through the heat absorption and then be forwarded as gaseous coolant to the second coil device, where it can absorb further heat from this second coil device, before it is returned to the condenser for renewed condensation and the circuit is recirculated closes. In an alternative embodiment, however, the coolant may also continue to be liquefied completely or partially even after flowing through the first coil device, and may evaporate there either completely or at least partially only when it flows through the second coil device. Again, the vaporized part of the coolant is returned to the condenser and condensed there again.

The various possible embodiments with only one common cooling device for both coil devices have different advantages in common. On the one hand, the investment costs for cooling the at least two components to be cooled are lower since only one cooling device is required. The cooling medium required cools more Components ^¬ th, for example, a first component in liquid form and a further component as a cold gas, so that essential lent less volume of liquid cooling medium, for example expensive neon, is needed to the components of the Gesamtsys ^¬ tems to cool. Accordingly, neither two Vorratsbe ^¬ container as a buffer volume for gaseous cooling medium, examples For example, neon or nitrogen, necessary. This will be the

Space required for cooling the components to be cooled significantly lower. Also by saving at least one other cooling device space and weight is additionally saved. These advantages are particularly important in the context of mobile ^{appli ¬} conditions, such as a rail vehicle, extremely important. The cooling medium used is therefore used in a particularly efficient ^manner . One and the same cooling medium cools all components one after the other in a closed cooling circuit. Incidentally, the operating parameters of the cooling device can be adjusted accordingly in order to tune the operation of the cooling device to the operating temperatures of the components to be cooled. For example, an adjustment of the operating pressure can be carried out (vapor pressure of the gaseous cooling medium) ent ^¬ speaking the necessary application.

At least one of the at least two coil devices can advantageously be connected to an external circuit only via the at least one connecting line. In other words, one of the coil means is at least connected only through the (or a) each other Spuleneinrich ^¬ processing and only the power supply in the connecting line with the external circuit. This ^{Ausgestal ¬} tion has the advantage that at least for this one coil ^{¬ device} only cooled power supply can be used, since the connecting line is a cooled line by the simultaneous transport of coolant. A too ^¬ additional thermal bridge through the power supply to the external warm environment is advantageously avoided at least for one of the coil means in this arrangement. For the other coil means, especially if it is a transformer, the number of thermal bridges to the outside warm environment is reduced. The device may also comprise a plurality of coil means, which are each connected only indirectly via their cooled connection lines with the external circuit and have no separate power supply to the warm environment. In particular, only one can only one of a plurality of coil devices may be connected to the warm environment via separate power supply lines.

The device may comprise two connecting lines between the two electric coil devices, each of which comprises both an electrical conductor for electrically connecting the two coil devices and a coolant tube for transporting coolant between the two coil devices. In particular, the two electrical conductors of these two connecting lines can be used for electrical integration of a coil device in a closed outer circuit. For this purpose, at least two electrical leads are needed. For example, Kings ^¬ NEN be performed in parallel, the two connecting lines. As an alternative to the described embodiment with two connecting conductors, the two required electrical supply lines can, however, also be routed in principle in a common connection line, wherein the supply lines can then both be cooled by the coolant pipe likewise guided therein.

At least one of the coil devices, in addition to the connection conductor between the coil devices, can be connected to at least one further connection line, which in turn can have both an electrical conductor for connection to an external circuit and a coolant tube for transporting coolant. In this embodiment, therefore, the two coil devices electrically connected to one another by the connection conductor can be connected via the described connection line to the external electrical circuit whose remaining components are typically arranged within a warm environment and not in the cooled region of the device. The combination of connecting line (s) and connecting line (s) means that both coil devices are then electrically connected to the external circuit. The integration of a coolant tube into the connecting line or at least into a part of the connecting line advantageously has the effect that At least for this part is reduced by the cooling of the resistance of the electrical conductor of the connecting cable. Furthermore, in this case too, an undesirable heat input through the power supply into the coil device connected to the connecting line can be reduced. Analog about the various ^¬ NEN possible embodiments of the connection line may also comprise the connecting line described either at least two power supply lines for the integration of the coil means in the external circuit, or there may be at least two such connection lines may alternatively be provided, in which the required power supply lines are kept separately and are each parallel to a separate coolant pipe. Both electrical coil devices of the device can be designed as superconducting coil devices. Similarly, in the presence of more than two coil devices, either all of these coil devices can be configured to be superconductive, or advantageously at least two of these coil devices can be designed to be superconducting.

The embodiments with more than one superconducting coil device are therefore particularly advantageous, since a common cooling device can be used particularly efficiently and platzspa ^¬ rend to both coil means, or at least the superconducting windings of the respective coil means to a cryogenic temperature below the transition temperature of the respective To cool superconductor. Furthermore, by using a plurality of superconducting coil devices, the ohmic losses of the overall system can be reduced substantially more than when using only one superconducting coil device. In principle, the at least two superconducting coil devices may be connected to each other either electrically in parallel or electrically in series.

The at least one superconductive coil device may be a coil device with windings made of a high-temperature superconducting conductor. This Conductor may advantageously comprise a second-generation high-temperature superconducting Ma ^¬ TERIAL, in particular a compound of the type REBa ₂ CU30 _x, where RE stands for a rare earth element or a mixture of such elements. As an alternative to such oxide ceramic superconductors, the

Head also have magnesium diboride. If the device has multiple superconductive coil devices, these may be based on either the same superconducting material or on different superconducting materials.

It can be designed a first electrical coil means as part of an electrical machine, and te two ^¬ electrical coil means may be designed as a transformer or as part of a transformer. The electric machine can in principle be either a motor or a generator. In this case, the first electrical coil device can generally either the

Stator windings or the rotor windings of the electric machine include. Particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which the entire device serves as a drive device comprising a motor and an upstream transformer. In particular, the first electrical coil device can then comprise the rotor windings of the motor, which are configured in particular as superconducting windings. Particularly advantageously, the Wick ^¬ lungs of the second electrical coil means may be superconducting transformer windings. Suitably, such a device can be used as a drive device in a vehicle, in particular as a drive device in a rail vehicle.

The electrical conductor of the at least one Verbindungslei ^¬ tion can be brought by the coolant in the coolant pipe of the connecting line to a cryogenic temperature. In other words, the refrigerant tube or the transported in the coolant pipe coolant may be thermally as well coupled to the electrical conductor, the electrical Lei ^¬ ter during operation of the device at a cryogenic temperature is located. In addition to the good thermal coupling to the coolant, the achievement of such a temperature can additionally be achieved by a good thermal insulation of the coolant pipe ^¬ and electrical conductor against a warm external environment. Advantageously, the coolant tube and the electrical conductor are thermally insulated against the external environment. The achievable Be ^¬ operating temperature of the conductor can be, for example, below 100 K. In the case of a normally conducting conductor material, such cooling of the electrical conductor contributes significantly to a reduction in the electrical resistance and thus to a reduction in the electrical losses.

The electrical conductor of the at least one Verbindungslei ^¬ tion may ^comprise a superconducting conductor material. In particular ^¬ special in an embodiment in which the electrical conductor can be brought to a cryogenic temperature during operation of the device by said measures, this embodiment is particularly advantageous. By implementing the at least one electrical conductor as a superconductor, the electrical resistance in the region between the two coil devices can be reduced particularly effectively, in particular to almost zero. A residual resistance is then in ^¬ We sentlichen only by the electrical connections between the (optionally superconductive) coil means and the superconducting connecting conductors caused. The electrical conductor can advantageously comprise a high-temperature superconducting second-generation material, in particular a compound of the REBa ₂ Cu ₃ O _{x type} . As an alternative to such oxide ceramic superconductors, the conductor can also

Have magnesium diboride.

The superconducting conductor material of the connecting line can advantageously be guided electrically in parallel to a normal-conducting electrical conductor in the connecting line. As a result, large parts of the electrical losses caused by the usual normal conducting power supply can be reduced. At the same time, in the case of a In this case a superconducting parallel current path exists, which in this case can take over the main part of the current flow. The electrical conductor and the coolant tube of the at least one connecting line can extend coaxially with one another. This is particularly advantageous in order to achieve a symmetrical temperature distribution seen over the circumference of the connecting line. For example, the electrical conductor may surround the coolant tube concentrically and / or the material of the electrical conductor may itself even form the outer wall of the coolant tube. Alternatively or additionally, one or more strands of the electrical conductor may be applied to an outer wall of the coolant tube. Generally, a coolant pipe of a connecting line in the region of its pipe jacket, at least one electrically conductive mate rial having ^¬, which is designed as an electrical conductor of the connecting line. In particular, the Kühlmit ^¬ telrohr can even represent the electrical conductor.

At least one electrical conductor of a connecting line can be guided inside the coolant tube. In the ser ^¬ embodiment, the electrical conductor can be advantageously lapped directly by coolant or at least very well thermally coupled to the coolant. This allows a particularly simple way of effective cooling of the electrical conductor to a low temperature.

Combinations of the various concepts described are also possible, wherein a plurality of electrical conductors and / or a plurality of coolant lines are guided concentrically in one another.

In general, the device can have at least one connecting line with at least two coaxially extending coolant tubes. In the presence of a plurality of interleaved coolant tubes, for example, an inner coolant tube for transporting cold Kühlmit- Tel be provided from a first to the second coil means, and an outer, surrounding the inner coolant tube coolant tube may be provided for the return of there heated coolant back to the first coil means. When using such a countercurrent principle, the radially inner electrical conductors can be particularly well thermally isolated from the external environment.

In the following, the invention will be described by means of some preferred embodiments with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

1 shows a schematic diagram of a device according to a first embodiment,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic basic illustration of a device according to a second exemplary embodiment, FIG.

3 shows a schematic cross section of a Verbindungslei ^¬ tion according to a third embodiment,

4 shows a schematic cross section of a connecting line according to a fourth exemplary embodiment,

5 shows a schematic cross section of a Verbindungslei ^¬ device according to a fifth embodiment,

Fig. 6 shows a schematic cross section of a Verbindungslei ^¬ tion according to a sixth embodiment and FIG

7 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle after a seventh

Embodiment shows.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device 1 the Sup ^¬ raleitungstechnik according to a first embodiment of the invention. The device 1 comprises two coil devices 3 and 5, whose components to be cooled are cooled by a common cooling device 7. The cooling device 7 um- sums a cold head 17, which is thermally coupled to a condenser 19. The area of the condenser 19 is part of a closed cooling circuit, in which a coolant circulates in a pipe system according to the thermosiphon principle. The coolant is transported by the condenser in liquefied form to the components to be cooled at least one of the two coil devices 3 and 5. By absorbing heat from these components to be cooled, the coolant can evaporate completely or partially, so that after passing through the two coil devices either only gaseous coolant or a mixture of liquid and gaseous coolant is transported via a return line 16 back to the condenser 19. In the region of the condenser 19, the gaseous coolant is liquefied again, and the circuit closes. The coolant may include, for example, helium, neon or nitrogen.

The two coil devices 3 and 5 are flowed through sequentially sequentially by coolant. In the example shown, both coil devices 3 and 5 are superconducting coil devices in which the windings of the coils are formed from superconducting conductor material. The first coil device 3 is the entirety of the superconducting rotor windings of an electrical machine. The other components of the electric machine are not shown here. However, it additionally comprises a stator with normally conducting or also superconducting stator windings, wherein the stator radially surrounds the inner rotor. The superconducting rotor windings comprise a high-temperature superconductor Materi ^¬ al.

The second, here also superconducting coil device 5 is in this example a transformer with superconducting transformer windings 6. Der

Transformer is for better cooling of its superconducting windings 6 within a thermally insulating

Cryostats 8 arranged. The windings 6 of the transformer Mators are here formed with a high-temperature superconducting material. However, the maximum operating temperature of the transfor ^¬ mators is slightly higher than the maximum Be ^¬ operating temperature of the rotor coils, since the rotor windings must have a higher critical magnetic field, and thus need to be cooled to a lower operating temperature even with the same choice of the superconducting material. Appropriately, therefore, the components of the device 1 are arranged so that the refrigerant flowing from the condenser 19 first flows through the first coil means 3 and there cools the rotor ^¬ windings of the machine and only then in be ^¬ already heated something and possibly partially or fully ^¬ constantly evaporated State is in the region of the second coil means 5, so the transformer is transported.

The sake of completeness it should be mentioned that also the cow to ^¬ lumbar rotor windings of the first coil means are arranged in a reasonable not shown here thermally insulating vessel 3 so that they are opposed to the warm outside ambient iso ^¬ lines. Also not shown, but sufficiently well known from the prior art devices for coupling and decoupling of coolant to the rotating components of the electric machine, that is, for example, in an interior of a rotor shaft.

Essential for the present invention is that the two coil devices 3 and 5 are connected by at least one combined connection line IIa. In the illustrated first embodiment, are two such connection lines IIa and IIb disposed therebetween, each of said connection ^¬ lines having an electrical conductor and a refrigerant pipe for the transport of coolant. Various possible embodiments of the detailed structure of these connection conductors will be described in more detail below. All have in common, however, that the electrical conductor of the connecting line is guided as part of a common line together with the coolant tube and thermally good at this is coupled. This combined power and cooling line is advantageously thermally well insulated against the external environment, for example, by a jacket with a Vakuumisola ^¬ tion and / or wrapping with so-called super-insulation. The electrical conductor of the connecting line is due to the thermal coupling to the coolant also at a low operating temperature and may also have a hochtem- perature superconducting material, which may be electrically connected in parallel with a normal-conducting conductor. As a result of this embodiment, the electrical losses in the supply line for the first coil device 3 are considerably reduced compared to known designs with hot supply lines. Furthermore, in the region of the first coil device 3, an additional thermal bridge is advantageously avoided by a direct connection to a warm external circuit.

The second coil device 5, in this case the superconducting transformer, is provided with two additional external connection lines 21a and 21b. These connecting lines 21a and 21b also each have a region connected to the second coil device 5, in which coolant tube and electrical conductor of the respective connecting line are guided together in a combined line. Subsequent to this common running area, the coolant pipe of the respective connection line is connected to a common return line 16 for returning the coolant, and the electrical conductors are via separately extending power supply lines 22 with the remaining, warm components of an external circuit 23 (not further shown here) electrically connected.

In the first embodiment shown, the device 1 has two mutually parallel connecting lines IIa and IIb, each comprising an electrical conductor and a coolant pipe, and in which the parent flow direction 10 of the coolant is the same. Here, therefore, the first coil device 3 and the second coil device 5 are successively connected in the same way via both lines. sequence of coolant flows through. However, it is also conceivable to ^¬ particular advantageous embodiments, in which the flow directions of the coolant in two adjacent extending connecting conduits IIa and IIb kön- be opposite NEN, so that it follows through these connecting cables, thus without a separate return line 16, a closed coolant circuit , In another possible Alterna ^¬ tive two or more orientation required for the electrical Kontak- can be circulated together with a refrigerant pipe conductor within a common connecting line IIa. It may therefore be sufficient to arrange only a single connecting line IIa between the two coil devices. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention. Many components are arranged analogously to the first embodiment and provided with the same reference numerals. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, however, no separate, outer return line 16 is connected to the second coil device 5, but the two connecting lines IIa and IIb each comprise two coolant tubes, via the coolant both from the rotor to the transformer and back to the rotor and back can be transported to the condenser 19. This is indicated in each case by the two, opposite flow directions 10 for each of the two connecting lines. Even with such an arrangement, different configurations for the connection conductors IIa and IIb are possible, which will be explained in more detail below. In this second Ausführungsbei ^¬ game, the power supply lines of the second coil means 5, so here the transformer windings, via separate

Power supply lines 22 connected to the external circuit 23. However, it is also possible in principle and may be advantageous to provide a coolant flow for reducing the line resistance even in the region of these power supply lines. In this case, in turn, both normal-conducting and Superconducting cable materials are used for the power supply.

FIG. 3 shows a connecting line IIa for one of the previously described devices 1 in schematic cross section. The connecting line IIa of this third Ausführungsbei ^¬ game is particularly suitable for use in a device 1, as shown in Fig. 1, since there the coolant flows in each of the connecting lines IIa, IIb only in one direction. The connection ^¬ line IIa shown in Fig. 3 comprises a refrigerant pipe 15, liquid in the interior and / or gaseous refrigerant 9 is transported. In the region of its tubular jacket, the coolant tube has at least one electrically conductive material which acts as an electrical conductor 13 of the connecting line. For example, the pipe jacket can be formed of copper, and the cross section of the copper can be sufficiently dimensioned to ensure the current flow to be transported by the power supply can. The coolant tube 15 thus serving at the same time as the electrical conductor 13 can be insulated electrically and thermally from the external environment by further sheathing and / or wrapping.

Alternatively, or in addition to the embodiment comprising a tubular jacket made of copper of the pipe shell can be coated with a sätzlichen to ^¬ electrically conductive material whose conductivity and cross-section is sufficiently large to carry the required current. It may also be a superconductive coating of a conductive or non-conductive tube. Magnesium diboride, which can be deposited in a simple manner, for example via aerosol deposition on rounded surfaces, is particularly suitable as a superconducting coating on tubular substrates.

In addition to the components shown in FIG. 3, the connecting line IIa may also have a further coolant tube enclosing the inner tube 15, which, for example, example, can transport coolant in the direction opposite to the inner tube direction. Such an arrangement would also facilitate the cooling of a superconducting layer deposited outside on the tube 15. The resulting connecting line IIa would therefore also be suitable for use in the device shown in FIG.

4 shows a schematic cross section of an alternative connection line IIa according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. Shown is an inner coolant tube

15a, which is enclosed radially concentrically by an outer coolant tube 15b. Within the inner coolant ^¬ pipe 15 a of the electrical conductor 13 is guided, which may be performed for example as superconducting or normal-conducting wire. Also possible are more complex Lei ^¬ teraufbauten with multiple materials and layers in which for example, superconducting conductor and normallei ^¬ tend conductors may be electrically connected in parallel. Coolant flows in each case within the two cooling tubes 15a and 15b, the flow directions in the two tubes advantageously being able to run in opposite directions in order to be able to cover both transport directions of the coolant already via a connecting conductor. Particularly advantageously, the coolant in the inner coolant tube 15 a is the colder coolant coming from the condenser, so that the electrical conductor 13 arranged therein is cooled particularly well. The electrical conductor can ^¬ specific, as indicated in Fig. 4 are guided by not further shown here, devices relatively centrally within the inner tube 15a. However, it may alternatively be kept in the region of one side of the inner wall of the inner tube 15a, as this may be easier to achieve. The electrical conductor 13 may be electrically insulated from the coolant tubes 15a and 15b. What is important is a good thermal coupling of the conductor 13 to the coolant flowing through.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross section of an alternatively ^¬ ven connecting line IIa according to a fifth exemplary embodiment play the invention. Shown in turn are two nested coolant tubes 15a and 15b, which are each traversed by coolant 9 in its interior. In this example, a plurality of electrical conductors are brought in the form of individual conductor filaments on the outside of the inner tube 15a at ^¬ so that these conductor filaments are washed by the transported in the outer coolant tube 15b coolant. Furthermore, they are thermally coupled via the material of the inner coolant tube 15a to the coolant flowing therein. In this case, optionally either the outside flowing coolant or the inside flowing coolant form the colder of the two coolant streams. It is essential that the filaments of the electrical conductor 13 can be cooled by the coolant 9 so far that the resistance is significantly reduced in comparison to the ambient temperature. The electrical conductors 13 may in turn have either normal conducting materials and / or superconducting materials. Fig. 6 shows a schematic cross section of an alternatively ^¬ ven connecting line IIa according to a sixth embodiment of the invention. Shown in turn are two nested coolant tubes 15a and 15b, which are each traversed by coolant 9 in its interior. In this example, only one electrical conductor 13 is mounted on the geek ^¬ te of the inner tube 15a, so that results in a asymmetri ^¬ shear and non-concentric configuration. The right ^¬ angular cross section of the electrical conductor 13 is only an example. Both in the coolant tubes 15a, 15b and in the conductor 13, other than the cross-sectional shapes shown can be used. Also, the size relationships between the tubes 15a, 15b and the conductors 13 are generally not to scale, and the drawings are to be understood only as schematic sketches.

Fig. 7 shows schematically a vehicle according to the invention 25, which is formed in this example as a rail vehicle. This has one of the devices 1 described above on, wherein this device comprises a machine 27 with supralei ^¬ border rotor windings and a superconducting transformer 29. Both components are cooled by the common cooling device 7, as explained in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

claims

1. Device (1) of the superconducting technique with

- At least two electrical coil means (3,5), of which at least one as superconducting coil means

(3,5) is designed,

- And with a cooling device (7) for cooling the coil means (3,5) by means of a coolant (9),

- wherein the device (1) at least a first connection line (IIa) between the two electrical coil means (3,5), which both a first electrical conductor (13) for electrically connecting the two coil means (3,5) and a first coolant tube (15) for transporting coolant (9) between the two coil devices (3,5).

2. Device (1) according to claim 1, which has only one cooling device (7), wherein the cooling device (7) is designed to form coolant (9) in the form of a closed circuit from a cold head (17) to the at least two coil devices (7). 3.5) and back to circulate.

3. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein one of the coil means (3) only via the at least one connecting line (IIa) is in electrical connection with an external circuit.

4. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the two connecting lines (IIa, IIb) between the two electrical coil means (3,5), each having both an electrical conductor (13) for electrically connecting the two coil means (3, 5) as well as a coolant pipe (15) for transporting coolant (9) between the two coil devices (3,5).

5. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one coil device (5) is connected to at least one further connection line (21a), which in turn having both an electrical conductor for connection to an external circuit and a coolant tube for transporting coolant.

6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein both electrical coil means (3,5) are designed as superconducting coil means.

7. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a first electrical coil means (3) is designed as part of an electrical machine and a second electrical coil means (5) is designed as a transformer.

8. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the two electrical coil devices (3,5) have different maximum operating temperatures, and in which the cooling device (7) is designed to Kühlmit ^¬ tel (9) of a cold head ( 17) from first to the Spuleneinrich- device (3) with the lower maximum operating temperature and then via the at least one connecting line (IIa) to the coil means (5) with the higher maximum operating temperature to lead.

9. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical conductor (13) of the at least one Ver ^{¬ connection line} (IIa) by the coolant (9) in the coolant tube (15) can be brought to a cryogenic temperature.

10. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical conductor (13) of the at least one Ver ^¬ connecting line (IIa) comprises a superconducting conductor material on ^¬.

11. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical conductor (13) and the coolant tube (15) of the at least one connecting line (IIa) extend coaxially with each other.

12. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one connecting line (IIa) has at least two coaxially extending coolant tubes (15a, 15b).

13. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one coolant pipe (15) of a connecting ^¬ line (IIa) in the region of its tubular jacket comprises an electrically conductive material which as electrical conductor (13) of the connecting line (IIa) configured is.

14. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one electrical conductor (13) of a connecting line (IIa) in the interior of a coolant tube (15) ge ^¬ leads.

15. vehicle (25) with a device (1) according to any preceding claim, as the drive device

is staltet.