EP3204290B1 - Submarine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a submarine.

Military submarines are usually with a bugut led by the pressure hull of the submarine gun barrel set with
equipped with several horizontally and / or vertically juxtaposed weapon tubes, which weapons can be deployed in the outer environment of the submarine. In addition to weapons but also other weapon-like objects such as decoys, drones and the like can be spent outside the submarine on the weapon tubes, so far under the term "weapon" and such weapon-like objects but also one of several smaller, during storage solvable linked weapons such. B. Seeminen existing weapon set to understand.

Already at the beginning of the use of a military submarine whose gun barrels are normally loaded in each case with a weapon. Other weapons can be kept in reserve within the pressure hull. The loading of the submarine with the weapons is usually in overwater swimming position of the submarine. If the arrangement of the weapon tubes on the submarine is such that at least one weapon barrel is located above the water surface when the submarine is above the water level, this weapon barrel can be used to take over weapons. Otherwise, it is known to provide the Unterseeboot a pressure hull of the submarine in the region of the upper deck obliquely penetrating Übernahmeluk over which then the loading of the submarine can be done with the weapons.

In a weapons takeover on a weapon above the water surface, a takeover stage is arranged outside of the submarine in front of this gun barrel, moved from the weapons in the barrel become. With the exception of stored in the above the water surface gun barrel to be stored weapon that is pushed into this gun last and then remains there, all other weapons are successively from the located above the water surface gun barrel in a located in the pressure hull of the submarine in front of the gun barrels loading space where they are either stored as reserve weapons or from where they are transferred to the located below the water surface gun barrels.

In a weapon acquisition on the pressure hull in the area of the upper deck penetrating Übernahmeluk, which is located above the front of the gun barrels loading space, the weapons are successively inserted through a to be arranged on the upper deck loading device obliquely into the loading space and there each taken from a gun trough, from the they are then placed in one of the gun barrels and, in the case of reserve weapons, in a storage rack located in the cargo bay. The document US 2390688 A Both the well-known weapon takeover via a weapon barrel located above the water surface and the takeover of weapons via a takeover bell with a duration of several hours is very time-consuming and comparatively labor-intensive.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a submarine, which can be loaded much faster with auszubringenden from the submarine weapons with less manpower requirements.

This object is achieved by a submarine having the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of this submarine result from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings. Here, the features specified in the dependent claims in each case but also in a suitable combination with each other, the inventive solution according to claim 1 further develop.

The submarine according to the invention is a military submarine. This submarine is equipped with several bow-sided guided by the pressure hull of the submarine weapon tubes, of which at least one is located in Überwasserschwimmlage the submarine above the water surface. About the weapon tubes stored therein weapons can be preferably spent during dive trip of the submarine in its outer environment. The above in water above the submarine level above the water surface arranged gun barrel is hereinafter referred to simply as upper gun barrel.

The submarine according to the invention also has a magazine which can be positioned within the pressure hull in front of the weapon tubes. This magazine serves primarily to take on a load of the submarine with weapons, which takes place on the upper gun barrel, weapons from this barrel and then to transport them into the other weapons tubes. Then the magazine can also be used for storage of reserve weapons, which are also transferred via the upper gun barrel in the magazine. For storage and transport of the weapons, the magazine has several shots to accommodate each weapon.

In order to allow the fastest possible loading of the submarine with the weapons, the magazine is movable so that each recording of the magazine can be positioned in longitudinal alignment with each weapon barrel. Accordingly, each of the receptacles of the magazine is movable to a position in which it is arranged in the pressure body in longitudinal extension of the upper gun barrel, so that a pushed in the weapon loading of the submarine gun in the upper gun barrel are spent by this weapon barrel in the front mounted receptacle can, whereupon this recording can be subsequently moved in longitudinal alignment in front of a lying below the water surface gun barrel, so that the stored in the recording weapon can be moved from the inclusion in this barrel.

To take over the weapons from the upper gun barrel and transport the weapon into the other weapon tubes, the shots inside the magazine can be arranged individually movable. However, an embodiment in which the magazine as a whole is movable or all the images of the magazine are movable together is preferred. So proves to be particularly advantageous, for example, when the magazine is designed as a circulation magazine, with the particularly time-saving loaded with a weapon taken over from the upper gun weapon recording to one of the other weapons tubes for the purpose of transferring the weapon can be moved while another Recording the magazine is positioned in longitudinal alignment with the upper gun barrel, so that with the magazine at the same time on the one hand a weapons takeover and on the other hand a weapons transfer can be made to perform this activity in the pressure hull of the submarine with a suitable design of the magazine less staff than before required is required.

Furthermore, the submarine according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that the magazine can be moved from a position in which it is positioned in front of the weapon tubes into a position in which it is arranged outside a clearance defined by the weapon tubes. That is, the magazine is located in an area in front of the weapon barrel only during loading of the submarine, and may be moved horizontally and / or vertically adjacent to the weapon barrels to a position where the magazine stops operating the boat during the actual loading process Use of the submarine not obstructed. In this context, it is conceivable, for example, that the magazine is moved to a position below a bottom of the loading space in front of the weapon tubes.

As already noted, it proves to be particularly advantageous if the magazine is designed as a circulation magazine. Although the design of this circulation magazine is in principle arbitrary and it is in the circulation magazine z. B. may also be a chain magazine, it is preferably provided that the magazine is a revolver magazine. Accordingly, the magazine is structurally simple preferably as a whole rotatable about a central axis, wherein the receptacles for receiving the weapons are arranged side by side and preferably at the same distance from each other on a circular path spaced from the central axis of the magazine.

In particular, in conjunction with the use of a revolver magazine, it proves to be advantageous if, as provided according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the weapon tubes also on a circular path next to each other and are preferably performed at the same distance from each other by the pressure hull of the submarine. Conveniently, in this arrangement, the weapon tubes of the diameter of the circular path on which the weapon tubes are arranged side by side, the diameter of the circular path on which the recordings for the weapons are arranged in the magazine. This embodiment makes it possible to move the magazine into a position in which the circular path on which the receptacles of the magazine are arranged side by side, is arranged congruent with the circular path on which the weapon tubes are guided by the pressure hull of the submarine. This makes it possible to position by a simple rotation of the magazine about its central axis each shot of the magazine in longitudinal alignment with each gun barrel of the submarine.

In connection with an arrangement of the weapon tubes on a circular path and the use of a corresponding revolver magazine it proves to be advantageous if the number of shots of the magazine corresponds to the number of weapon tubes. In this way, when a positioning of the magazine in front of the weapon tubes of the submarine in front of each of the weapon tubes each have a recording of the magazine, so always at the same time a takeover of a weapon from the upper barrel into the magazine and a weapons transfer from the magazine into one of the rest Weapons can be made.

To form the shots of the magazine, in principle, all facilities are suitable that support a weapon located in the recording in the direction of gravity and prevent falling out of the recording during the movement of the magazine or during the movement of the shots of the magazine falling out of the weapons. Structurally simple, the images are preferably formed by tubular containers. Thus, elongated hollow cylinders are preferably provided as containers, which are open at least at one end facing the weapon tubes and expediently have an inner diameter which corresponds to the inner diameter of the weapon tubes.

Weapons, such as torpedoes, are usually movable in the weapon tubes only in the longitudinal direction of the barrel and prevented from moving during storage in the barrel. For this purpose, a pin is generally formed on the outside of the arms, which in one of the inner wall of the weapon tubes engages through the entire barrel extending longitudinal groove, wherein the pin is held in a storage position of the weapon in the barrel of a holding pawl. In this respect, in particular when using a circulation magazine, it must be ensured that the orientation of the weapon in the receptacle of the magazine does not change during the movement of the magazine. Therefore, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the containers, which are preferably used as receptacles, are rotatable about their central axis. In order to generate a rotational movement of the container relative to the magazine during a movement of the magazine, which causes the orientation of the weapons located in the containers does not change, can be arranged on the containers below the focal points structurally simple an additional weight, which causes that the containers always oscillate in the desired position. However, it is expedient here to ensure that the containers are prevented from undesired pendulum movement when the circulation magazine is not moved. In this respect, it may be more advantageous if the containers are aligned by means of a suitable drive means in the circulation magazine, the drive means counteracts a non-actuation by self-locking movement of the container. Thus, each container can each be coupled in motion with a drive motor and a drive connected downstream of the drive motor, or a drive, for example in the form of a planetary gear, can be connected downstream of a drive motor provided for moving the circulation motor, which causes the desired rotational movement of all containers simultaneously.

As in the weapon pipes is expediently provided on the inner walls of the receptacles of the magazine forming a longitudinal groove for receiving a formed on the weapon spigot, which is arranged so that when the container is positioned in the longitudinal extension of a gun barrel, with the aligned with the gun barrel longitudinal groove is aligned. In addition, it is useful to provide to the containers locking means, such as provided on the weapon tubes holding pawls, which secure the weapons in the containers against unintentional movement in the longitudinal direction of the container.

In order to move the stored in the containers of the magazine weapons from the containers in the weapon tubes, the container of the magazine are preferably each equipped with a feed device for the weapon stored therein. So can within the Container may be arranged a preferably elongated pusher or a driver, which or by means of a motor drive, which is preferably also disposed within the container, can be extended such that a stored in the container weapon is pushed by the pusher into the barrel , Advantageously, this can be provided on the ejection direction of the weapon from the container front end of the thrust element or driver gripping means with which a positive connection of the thrust element can be made with the weapon. These gripping means also make it possible, when taking over a weapon from the upper gun barrel into the container to grab a weapon located in the upper gun barrel and to pull it into the container by means of the push member / driver. As drive for the thrust element or the driver both an electric drive motor and a corresponding hydraulic device is conceivable.

• Fig. 1 schematisch sehr stark vereinfacht eine Querschnittsansicht eines Druckkörpers eines Unterseeboots und
• Fig. 2 schematisch stark vereinfacht in einem Längsschnitt ein in Fig. 1 dargestelltes Magazin zur Waffenlagerung und zum Waffentransport.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. In the drawing shows, in different scales:

• Fig. 1 schematically very much simplified a cross-sectional view of a pressure hull of a submarine and
• Fig. 2 schematically simplified in a longitudinal section a in Fig. 1 illustrated magazine for weapon storage and weapons transport.

The pressure hull 2 of a submarine in Fig. 1 is shown with a view of its bow-sided end. A deck 4 divides the pressure body 2 into an upper area 6 and a lower area 8. In the area 6 of the pressure body 2, ie above the deck 4, seven weapon tubes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 pass through the pressure body 2 guided, wherein the weapon tubes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 are arranged on a circular path 26 side by side. The upper weapon tubes 10 and 22 are arranged so that they are in submarine overwater swimming position above the water surface.

In the pressure body 2, a magazine 26 for storage and transport of weapons 48 is arranged. The weapons shown in the drawing are torpedoes, but in the magazine other weapons such as missiles or mines as well as weapon-like objects such as decoys or drones can be stored. The magazine 26 is mounted in a storage rack 28, from which in Fig. 1 only two vertical struts 30 and 32 are shown. In the storage rack 28, which extends from the region 8 of the pressure hull 2 into the region 6 of the pressure hull 2, the hopper 26 is displaceable in the vertical direction by means of a hydraulic cylinder not shown in the drawing.

The magazine 26 is formed as a revolver magazine and has seven tubular containers 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46 for receiving a weapon 48. In the magazine 26, the containers 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 are arranged side by side on a circular path 50. The diameter of the circular path 50 corresponds to the diameter of the circular path 24 on which the weapon tubes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 are arranged.

In the magazine 26, the containers 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46 are supported on five, in the longitudinal direction of the magazine 26 spaced-apart, circular support plates 52, through which they are passed on the circular path 50. Each of the support discs 52 is rigidly connected to a shaft 54 which passes through the center of the support discs 52. Around a central axis A of the shaft 54, the magazine 26 is rotatable by means of a motion-coupled to the shaft 54 drive, which is not shown in the drawing. In the magazine 26, each of the containers 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46 is rotatable relative to the support discs 52.

The magazine 26 serves to load the submarine with weapons 48, which are then inserted from outside the submarine into the upper weapon tubes 10 and 22 located above the water surface, from the weapon barrels 10 and 22 and then into the remaining weapon tubes 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 to transport. For this purpose, the magazine 26 is moved in the storage rack 28 from its storage position in the area 8 of the pressure hull 2 in the area 6 of the pressure hull in a position in which the container 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46 of the magazine 26 with the weapon tubes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 are in longitudinal alignment. So is at the in Fig. 1 illustrated arrangement of the container 46 in longitudinal extension of the gun barrel 22 and the container 34 in longitudinal extension of the barrel 10 is arranged.

About a outside to be attached to the bow of the submarine weapons transfer platform is now inserted into the weapon tubes 10 and 22 each have a weapon 48. After closing the weapon tubes 10 and 22 by means of a non-drawing from the drawing mouth cover, which is located on the outer environment of the submarine end facing the weapon tubes 10 and 22, a bottom closure 56 of the weapon tubes 10 and 22 is opened and in the weapon tubes 10th and 22 located weapons 48 transported from the weapon tubes 10 and 22 in the container 34 and 46. For this purpose, in the containers 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46 of the magazine 26 each have a feed device 58 in the form of a motor-operated spindle drive with a spindle 60 is provided. The spindles 60 of the spindle drives arranged in the containers 34 and 46 are retracted as far as the weapon tubes 10 and 22 until gripping means in the form of gripping tongs 62, which are arranged on the front end of the spindle in the direction of extension of the spindle 60, one on the weapons 48 engage trained pin 64 and establish a positive connection of the spindle 60 with the weapon 48. The spindles 60 are then retracted and the weapons 48 are pulled into the containers 34 and 46.

Subsequently, the magazine 26 can be rotated about the central axis A such that the container 34 is in longitudinal alignment with the weapon barrel 14 and the container 46 in longitudinal alignment with the weapon barrel 12. After opening the bottom closures 56 of the weapon tubes 12 and 14 now located in the containers 34 and 46 weapons 48 are stored by an extension movement of the arranged in the containers 34 and 46 spindles 60 in the weapon tubes 12 and 14 and the spindles 60 back into the Tray 34 and 46 retracted.

With the containers 34 and 46 in front of the weapon barrels 12 and 14, the container 44 is longitudinally aligned with the weapon barrel 10 and the container 42 is longitudinally aligned with the weapon barrel 22 so that during transfer of the weapons 48 from the containers 34 and 46 in the weapon tubes 12 and 14 at the same time a weapon takeover of weapons 48 from the weapon tubes 10 and 22 in the container 42 and 44 can be done. This process is repeated until a weapon 48 is in all the weapon tubes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22. Subsequently, a weapon 48 can be transferred via the weapon tubes 10 and 22 in the manner described in each of the containers 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46, wherein the then located in the magazine 26 weapons 48 serve as reserve weapons.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

pressure vessels

4

deck

6

Area

8th

Area

10

barrel

12

barrel

14

barrel

16

barrel

18

barrel

20

barrel

22

barrel

24

orbit

26

magazine

28

storage rack

30

vertical strut

32

vertical strut

34

container

36

container

38

container

40

container

42

container

44

container

46

container

48

weapon

50

orbit

52

support disc

54

wave

56

bottom closure

58

feeder

60

spindle

62

tongs

64

spigot

A

central axis

Claims (7)

1. Submarine having a plurality of weapon barrels (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22), which are guided through the pressure hull (2) of the submarine on the bow side and of which at least one (10, 22) is located above the water surface when the submarine is floating on the water surface, and having a magazine (26) which can be positioned within the pressure hull (2), in front of the weapon barrels (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22), and has a plurality of holders for accommodating a respective weapon (48), characterized in that, on the one hand, the magazine can be moved such that each of the holders of the magazine (26) can be positioned in longitudinal alignment with each weapon barrel and, on the other hand, the magazine (26) can be moved into a position in which it is arranged outside a clearance profile defined by the weapon barrels (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22).
2. Submarine according to Claim 1, in which the magazine (26) is a revolving magazine.
3. Submarine according to either of the preceding claims, in which the weapon barrels (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22) are guided through the pressure hull (2) one beside the other in the form of a circle.
4. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, in which the the number of holders in the magazine (26) corresponds to the number of weapon barrels (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22).
5. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, in which the holders of the magazine are formed by tubular containers (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46) .
6. Submarine according to Claim 5, in which the containers (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46) can be rotated about their centre axis.
7. Submarine according to either of Claims 5 and 6, in which the containers (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46) comprise an advancement device (58) for the weapon (48) mounted therein.

Images