EP3200252A1 - Thermoelectric element and thermoelectric module - Google Patents
Thermoelectric element and thermoelectric module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3200252A1 EP3200252A1 EP16179880.6A EP16179880A EP3200252A1 EP 3200252 A1 EP3200252 A1 EP 3200252A1 EP 16179880 A EP16179880 A EP 16179880A EP 3200252 A1 EP3200252 A1 EP 3200252A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thermoelectric
- end portion
- thermoelectric element
- pair
- thermoelectric elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/81—Structural details of the junction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoelectric element and, more particularly, to a thermoelectric element which can be simply and accurately positioned and has a significantly increased contact area with respect to an electrode plate, and a thermoelectric module including the same.
- thermoelectric module uses various effects appearing as heat and electricity interact with each other and has a structure using a Seebeck effect that electromotive force occurs due to a temperature difference, a structure using a Peltier effect that heat is absorbed (or generated) according to a current, and the like.
- thermoelectric module may include a pair of N-type thermoelectric element and a P-type thermoelectric element, an upper electrode and a lower electrode respectively connected to an upper portion and a lower portion of the N-type thermoelectric element and the P-type thermoelectric element, and an upper substrate and a lower substrate by which the upper electrode and the lower electrode are respectively supported.
- thermoelectric elements are aligned using a robot arm or an aligner.
- the scheme using a robot arm has shortcomings in that a large amount of time is required to align thermoelectric elements as the thermoelectric elements are individually positioned.
- the scheme using an aligner has shortcomings in that an operation thereof is performed onerously because a separate additional process is required to adjust a final position of a thermoelectric element.
- thermoelectric element has a cylindrical shape or a rectangular shape and is disadvantageous in that alignment thereof may be performed onerously.
- thermoelectric element having a spherical shape has been conducted.
- a spherical thermoelectric element may be easily released from a normal position even by fine vibration during alignment thereof, and thus, a defect rate during the process is increased.
- thermoelectric element since the spherical thermoelectric element has the same diameter in terms of structural characteristics, it is difficult to adjust a distance between a hot side and a cold side, causing shortcomings in that a temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side is not sufficiently secured, which leads to degradation of efficiency of the thermoelectric module.
- thermoelectric element which can be simply and precisely aligned or arranged and stably secures a difference in temperature between a hot side and a cold side, thus enhancing efficiency of a thermoelectric module, and a thermoelectric module including the same.
- a thermoelectric element includes: a body having a predetermined length; a first end portion provided at one end of the body; and a second end portion provided at the other end of the body, wherein the first end portion or the second end portion may have at least a partial non-flat surface.
- the body may have a length longer than a width thereof.
- At least one of the first end portion and the second end portion may have a curved portion having a predetermined radius of curvature.
- At least one of the first end portion and the second end portion may have a conic surface or a pyramidal surface.
- At least one of the first end portion and the second end portion may have a rounded portion at an edge thereof.
- the first end portion may have a curved portion having a first radius of curvature
- the second end portion may have a curved portion having a second radius of curvature
- the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature may be equal.
- the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature may be different.
- a thermoelectric module includes: at least a pair of thermoelectric elements disposed between an upper substrate and a lower substrate and having mutually opposite polarities; an upper electrode connected to upper portions of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements; and a lower electrode connected to lower portions of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements, wherein at least an end portion of each of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements may have at least a partial non-flat surface, and the upper electrode and the lower electrode have a recess into which an end portion of each of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements is inserted to join.
- the pair of thermoelectric elements may include a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element formed to have different widths.
- the width of the first thermoelectric element may be greater than that of the second thermoelectric element.
- the first thermoelectric element may be formed of a P-type semiconductor and the second thermoelectric element may be formed of an N-type semiconductor.
- the recess of the upper electrode and the recess of the lower electrode may have shapes corresponding to end portions of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements.
- thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 may include a body 15 having a predetermined length L, a first end portion 13 provided at one end of the body 15, and a second end portion 14 provided at the other end of the body 15.
- the body 15 may have a cubic structure such as a cylindrical shape or an angulated shape.
- the body 15 may have the length L longer than a width W thereof.
- the length L of the body 15 may be a length by which a difference in temperature between a hot side and a cold side is secured and an increase in resistance is prevented.
- the first end portion 13 and the second end portion 14 are provided at both ends of the body 15 in a length direction, and may be positioned on the mutually opposite sides of the body 15 in the length direction.
- At least a partial non-flat surface is formed on at least one of the first end portion 13 and the second end portion 14, allowing each of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 to have a bullet shape.
- thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 have a bullet shape, a contact area with respect to an electrode may be increased, whereby positioning and/or adhesion of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 may be significantly increased.
- the first end portion 13 may be formed as a curved portion curved to have a first radius of curvature R1 at one end of the body 15, and the second end portion 14 may be formed as a curved portion curved having a second radius of curvature R2 at the other end of the body 15.
- the first radius of curvature R1 and the second radius of curvature R2 may be equal or may be different.
- a first end portion 13a and/or a second end portion 14a of the body 15 may have a conic surface or a pyramidal surface in which a width thereof is gradually decreased.
- a first end portion 13b or a second end portion 14b may have the same width as that of the body 15, and a rounded portion 16 having a predetermined radius may be formed at an edge of the first end portion 13b and/or the second end portion 14b.
- a first end portion 13c may have the same width as that of the body 15, a flat surface 17 may be formed at an end of the first end portion 13c, and a second end portion 14c may have a curved portion having a predetermined radius of curvature.
- thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 since the curved portion as at least a partial non-flat surface is formed on at least one end portion of the body 15, the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 may have a bullet shape, and due to the bullet shape, a contact area with respect to electrodes 21 and 22 may be increased, significantly enhancing positioning and/or adhesion of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12.
- thermoelectric module 10 may include an upper substrate 31, a lower substrate 32 spaced apart from one another in a vertical direction, and a plurality of thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 and a plurality of electrodes 21 and 22 disposed between the upper substrate 31 and the lower substrate 32.
- the upper substrate 31 and the lower substrate 32 may form a hot side and a cold side and each of the substrates 31 and 32 may be formed of an insulating material.
- the plurality of thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 may have a bullet shape having at least a partial non-flat surface on at least one end portion thereof.
- the plurality of thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 may include at least a pair of thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 having mutually opposite polarities, and may be formed of an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor.
- the N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor have different thermoelectric FIGS. of merit (ZT), and thus, the pair of thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 may be set to have different cross-sectional areas.
- ZT thermoelectric FIGS. of merit
- the pair of thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 may have different widths.
- the first thermoelectric element 11 may be formed of a P-type semiconductor
- the second thermoelectric element 12 may be formed of an N-type semiconductor.
- a width a of the first thermoelectric element 11 may be greater than a width b of the second thermoelectric element 12.
- the upper electrode 21 may be connected to upper ends of the adjacent thermoelectric elements 11 and 12, and may have recesses 23 into which the first end portions 13 of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 are inserted to join may be formed in the upper electrode 21.
- the lower electrode 22 may be connected to lower ends of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12, and recesses 24 into which the second end portions 14 of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 are inserted to join may be formed in the lower electrode 22.
- the recess 23 of the upper electrode 21 and the recess 24 of the lower electrode 22 may have a shape corresponding to the first end portion 13, 13a, 13b, or 13c, and the second end portion 14, 14a, 14b, or 14c of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 according to an exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1
- the recess 23 of the upper electrode 21 and the recess 24 of the lower electrode 22 may have a curved recess structure corresponding to the first and second end portions 13 and 14 formed of curved portions of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12.
- the recess 23 of the upper electrode 21 and the recess 24 of the lower electrode 22 may have a recess structure having a conic surface or a pyramidal surface.
- the recess 23 of the upper electrode 21 and the recess 24 of the lower electrode 22 may have a structure with a rounded portion at an edge thereof.
- the recess 23 of the upper electrode 21 may have a structure with a flat surface
- the recess 24 of the lower electrode 22 may have a curved recess structure.
- thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 may be precisely positioned in the recess 23 of the upper electrode 21 and/or the recess 24 of the lower electrode 22, adhesion thereof may be significantly enhanced, and thermal resistance and electric resistance may be reduced to enhance performance of the thermoelectric module 10.
- the upper electrode 21 and the lower electrode 22 may be alternately disposed to allow a current or heat to smoothly flow.
- thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 have a bullet shape having at least a partial non-flat surface on at least one end portion of the body 15 thereof and the upper electrode 21 and the lower electrode 22 have the recesses 23 and 24 corresponding to the end portions of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, positioning and adhesion of the thermoelectric elements 11 and 12 may be significantly enhanced, and thus, a defect rate of the thermoelectric module 10 during a manufacturing process may be minimized.
- thermoelectric module 10 a distance between the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric module 10 may be appropriately adjusted, and thus, a temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side may be sufficiently secured.
- thermoelectric elements may be aligned or arranged simply and precisely, and also, since a temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side is stably secured, efficiency of the thermoelectric module may be enhanced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present application is based on and claims the benefit of priority to Korean Patent Application No.
10-2016-0009608, filed on January 26, 2016 - The present invention relates to a thermoelectric element and, more particularly, to a thermoelectric element which can be simply and accurately positioned and has a significantly increased contact area with respect to an electrode plate, and a thermoelectric module including the same.
- A thermoelectric module uses various effects appearing as heat and electricity interact with each other and has a structure using a Seebeck effect that electromotive force occurs due to a temperature difference, a structure using a Peltier effect that heat is absorbed (or generated) according to a current, and the like.
- Such a thermoelectric module may include a pair of N-type thermoelectric element and a P-type thermoelectric element, an upper electrode and a lower electrode respectively connected to an upper portion and a lower portion of the N-type thermoelectric element and the P-type thermoelectric element, and an upper substrate and a lower substrate by which the upper electrode and the lower electrode are respectively supported.
- A technique of precisely aligning the thermoelectric elements with respect to the electrodes and substrates is required during a process of manufacturing a thermoelectric module, and in a related art, the thermoelectric elements are aligned using a robot arm or an aligner.
- The scheme using a robot arm has shortcomings in that a large amount of time is required to align thermoelectric elements as the thermoelectric elements are individually positioned.
- The scheme using an aligner has shortcomings in that an operation thereof is performed onerously because a separate additional process is required to adjust a final position of a thermoelectric element.
- Meanwhile, an existing thermoelectric element has a cylindrical shape or a rectangular shape and is disadvantageous in that alignment thereof may be performed onerously.
- Thus, in order to precisely and quickly align thermoelectric elements, research into a thermoelectric element having a spherical shape has been conducted. However, such a spherical thermoelectric element may be easily released from a normal position even by fine vibration during alignment thereof, and thus, a defect rate during the process is increased.
- In particular, since the spherical thermoelectric element has the same diameter in terms of structural characteristics, it is difficult to adjust a distance between a hot side and a cold side, causing shortcomings in that a temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side is not sufficiently secured, which leads to degradation of efficiency of the thermoelectric module.
- The information disclosed in this Background of the Invention section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
- Various aspects of the present invention are directed to providing a thermoelectric element which can be simply and precisely aligned or arranged and stably secures a difference in temperature between a hot side and a cold side, thus enhancing efficiency of a thermoelectric module, and a thermoelectric module including the same.
- According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a thermoelectric element includes: a body having a predetermined length; a first end portion provided at one end of the body; and a second end portion provided at the other end of the body, wherein the first end portion or the second end portion may have at least a partial non-flat surface.
- The body may have a length longer than a width thereof.
- At least one of the first end portion and the second end portion may have a curved portion having a predetermined radius of curvature.
- At least one of the first end portion and the second end portion may have a conic surface or a pyramidal surface.
- At least one of the first end portion and the second end portion may have a rounded portion at an edge thereof.
- The first end portion may have a curved portion having a first radius of curvature, and the second end portion may have a curved portion having a second radius of curvature.
- The first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature may be equal.
- The first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature may be different.
- According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a thermoelectric module includes: at least a pair of thermoelectric elements disposed between an upper substrate and a lower substrate and having mutually opposite polarities; an upper electrode connected to upper portions of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements; and a lower electrode connected to lower portions of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements, wherein at least an end portion of each of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements may have at least a partial non-flat surface, and the upper electrode and the lower electrode have a recess into which an end portion of each of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements is inserted to join.
- The pair of thermoelectric elements may include a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element formed to have different widths.
- The width of the first thermoelectric element may be greater than that of the second thermoelectric element.
- The first thermoelectric element may be formed of a P-type semiconductor and the second thermoelectric element may be formed of an N-type semiconductor.
- The recess of the upper electrode and the recess of the lower electrode may have shapes corresponding to end portions of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements.
- The methods and apparatuses of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in more detail in the accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and the following Detailed Description, which together serve to explain certain principles of the present invention.
-
-
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a thermoelectric element according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a thermoelectric element according to an alternative exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a thermoelectric element according to an alternative exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a thermoelectric element according to an alternative exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a thermoelectric module according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. - It should be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various features illustrative of the basic principles of the invention. The specific design features of the present invention as disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes will be determined in part by the particular intended application and use environment.
- In the figures, reference numbers refer to the same or equivalent parts of the present invention throughout the several figures of the drawing.
- Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the present invention(s), examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. While the invention(s) will be described in conjunction with exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that the present description is not intended to limit the invention(s) to those exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the invention(s) is/are intended to cover not only the exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents and other embodiments, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 ,thermoelectric elements body 15 having a predetermined length L, afirst end portion 13 provided at one end of thebody 15, and asecond end portion 14 provided at the other end of thebody 15. - The
body 15 may have a cubic structure such as a cylindrical shape or an angulated shape. Thebody 15 may have the length L longer than a width W thereof. The length L of thebody 15 may be a length by which a difference in temperature between a hot side and a cold side is secured and an increase in resistance is prevented. - The
first end portion 13 and thesecond end portion 14 are provided at both ends of thebody 15 in a length direction, and may be positioned on the mutually opposite sides of thebody 15 in the length direction. - At least a partial non-flat surface is formed on at least one of the
first end portion 13 and thesecond end portion 14, allowing each of thethermoelectric elements - In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, since the
thermoelectric elements thermoelectric elements - According to an exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 1 , thefirst end portion 13 may be formed as a curved portion curved to have a first radius of curvature R1 at one end of thebody 15, and thesecond end portion 14 may be formed as a curved portion curved having a second radius of curvature R2 at the other end of thebody 15. - The first radius of curvature R1 and the second radius of curvature R2 may be equal or may be different.
- According to an exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 2 , afirst end portion 13a and/or asecond end portion 14a of thebody 15 may have a conic surface or a pyramidal surface in which a width thereof is gradually decreased. - According to an exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 3 , afirst end portion 13b or asecond end portion 14b may have the same width as that of thebody 15, and arounded portion 16 having a predetermined radius may be formed at an edge of thefirst end portion 13b and/or thesecond end portion 14b. - According to an exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 4 , afirst end portion 13c may have the same width as that of thebody 15, aflat surface 17 may be formed at an end of thefirst end portion 13c, and asecond end portion 14c may have a curved portion having a predetermined radius of curvature. - In this manner, in the
thermoelectric elements body 15, thethermoelectric elements electrodes thermoelectric elements - Referring to
FIG. 5 , athermoelectric module 10 may include anupper substrate 31, alower substrate 32 spaced apart from one another in a vertical direction, and a plurality ofthermoelectric elements electrodes upper substrate 31 and thelower substrate 32. - The
upper substrate 31 and thelower substrate 32 may form a hot side and a cold side and each of thesubstrates - As illustrated in
FIGS. 1 through 4 , the plurality ofthermoelectric elements - The plurality of
thermoelectric elements thermoelectric elements - The N-type semiconductor and the P-type semiconductor have different thermoelectric FIGS. of merit (ZT), and thus, the pair of
thermoelectric elements thermoelectric elements thermoelectric elements - In particular, the first
thermoelectric element 11 may be formed of a P-type semiconductor, and the secondthermoelectric element 12 may be formed of an N-type semiconductor. In order to optimize output performance of thethermoelectric module 10, a width a of the firstthermoelectric element 11 may be greater than a width b of the secondthermoelectric element 12. - The
upper electrode 21 may be connected to upper ends of the adjacentthermoelectric elements recesses 23 into which thefirst end portions 13 of thethermoelectric elements upper electrode 21. - The
lower electrode 22 may be connected to lower ends of thethermoelectric elements second end portions 14 of thethermoelectric elements lower electrode 22. - The
recess 23 of theupper electrode 21 and therecess 24 of thelower electrode 22 may have a shape corresponding to thefirst end portion second end portion thermoelectric elements -
FIG. 5 illustrates thethermoelectric elements FIG. 1 , and therecess 23 of theupper electrode 21 and therecess 24 of thelower electrode 22 may have a curved recess structure corresponding to the first andsecond end portions thermoelectric elements - In addition, according to the exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 2 , since the first andsecond end portions thermoelectric elements recess 23 of theupper electrode 21 and therecess 24 of thelower electrode 22 may have a recess structure having a conic surface or a pyramidal surface. - According to the exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 3 , since the first andsecond end portions thermoelectric elements rounded portions 16, therecess 23 of theupper electrode 21 and therecess 24 of thelower electrode 22 may have a structure with a rounded portion at an edge thereof. - According to the exemplary embodiment of
FIG. 4 , since thefirst end portion 13c of thethermoelectric elements flat surface 17, therecess 23 of theupper electrode 21 may have a structure with a flat surface, and in a case in which thesecond end portion 14c of thethermoelectric elements recess 24 of thelower electrode 22 may have a curved recess structure. - In this manner, since the
recess 23 of theupper electrode 21 and therecess 24 of thelower electrode 22 have a structure corresponding to the first andsecond end portions thermoelectric elements thermoelectric elements recess 23 of theupper electrode 21 and/or therecess 24 of thelower electrode 22, adhesion thereof may be significantly enhanced, and thermal resistance and electric resistance may be reduced to enhance performance of thethermoelectric module 10. - The
upper electrode 21 and thelower electrode 22 may be alternately disposed to allow a current or heat to smoothly flow. - In this manner, since the
thermoelectric elements body 15 thereof and theupper electrode 21 and thelower electrode 22 have therecesses thermoelectric elements thermoelectric elements thermoelectric module 10 during a manufacturing process may be minimized. - In particular, as the length L of the
thermoelectric elements thermoelectric module 10 may be appropriately adjusted, and thus, a temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side may be sufficiently secured. - As described above, the thermoelectric elements may be aligned or arranged simply and precisely, and also, since a temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side is stably secured, efficiency of the thermoelectric module may be enhanced.
- For convenience in explanation and accurate definition in the appended claims, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "up", "down", "upper", "lower", "upwards", "downwards", "front", "rear", "back", "inside", "outside", "inwardly", "outwardly", "interior", "exterior", "inner", "outer", "forwards", and "backwards" are used to describe features of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the positions of such features as displayed in the figures.
- The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and their practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to make and utilize various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, as well as various alternatives and modifications thereof. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their equivalents.
-
- 11:
- First thermoelectric elements
- 12:
- Second thermoelectric elements
- 13:
- first end portion
- 14:
- Second end portion
- 15:
- body
- 21:
- Upper electrodes
- 22:
- lower electrodes
- 23,
- 24: Recess
- 31:
- Upper substrate
- 32:
- Lower substrate
Claims (14)
- A thermoelectric element comprising:a body having a predetermined length;a first end portion provided at a first end of the body; anda second end portion provided at a second end of the body,wherein the first end portion or the second end portion has at least a partial non-flat surface.
- The thermoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein the body has a length longer than a width thereof.
- The thermoelectric element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first end portion and the second end portion has a curved portion protruding out of the body and having a predetermined radius of curvature.
- The thermoelectric element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first end portion and the second end portion has a conic surface or a pyramidal surface protruding out of the body.
- The thermoelectric element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first end portion and the second end portion has a round portion at an edge thereof.
- The thermoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first end portion has a curved portion protruding out of the body and having a first radius of curvature, and the second end portion has a curved portion protruding out of the body and having a second radius of curvature.
- The thermoelectric element according to claim 6, wherein the first radius of curvature is equal to the second radius of curvature.
- The thermoelectric element according to claim 6, wherein the first radius of curvature is different from the second radius of curvature.
- A thermoelectric module comprising:at least a pair of thermoelectric elements disposed between an upper substrate and a lower substrate and having opposite polarities to each other;an upper electrode connected to upper portions of the at least a pair of thermoelectric elements; anda lower electrode connected to lower portions of the at least a pair of thermoelectric elements,wherein at least an end portion of each of the at least a pair of thermoelectric elements has a partial non-flat surface, and the upper electrode and the lower electrode have a recess into which an end portion of each of at least the pair of thermoelectric elements is inserted to join thereto.
- The thermoelectric module according to claim 9, wherein the at least a pair of thermoelectric elements includes a first thermoelectric element and a second thermoelectric element formed to have different widths.
- The thermoelectric module according to claim 10, wherein the width of the first thermoelectric element is greater than the width of the second thermoelectric element.
- The thermoelectric module according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the first thermoelectric element is formed of a P-type semiconductor and the second thermoelectric element is formed of an N-type semiconductor.
- The thermoelectric module according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the recess of the upper electrode and the recess of the lower electrode have shapes corresponding to end portions of the at least a pair of thermoelectric elements.
- The thermoelectric module according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the upper electrode is disposed between the upper portions of the at least a pair of thermoelectric elements and the upper substrate; and
a lower electrode is disposed between the lower portions of the at least a pair of thermoelectric elements and the lower substrate,
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020160009608A KR20170089329A (en) | 2016-01-26 | 2016-01-26 | Thermoelectric element and thermoelectric module having the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3200252A1 true EP3200252A1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
EP3200252B1 EP3200252B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
Family
ID=56551180
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16179880.6A Not-in-force EP3200252B1 (en) | 2016-01-26 | 2016-07-18 | Thermoelectric element and thermoelectric module |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170213950A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3200252B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2017135361A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20170089329A (en) |
CN (1) | CN106997920B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2675737T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108963063A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-07 | 东北大学 | Using the tilting semiconductor thermoelectric module of octahedral structure thermoelectric arm |
JP7362062B2 (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2023-10-17 | 株式会社Kelk | Thermoelectric conversion element manufacturing method and thermoelectric conversion element |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080173537A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2008-07-24 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Thermoelectric devices and applications for the same |
US20100154854A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Thermoelectric module comprising spherical thermoelectric elements and method of manufacturing the same |
US20100193004A1 (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2010-08-05 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Thermoelectric conversion element and method for manufacturing the same |
US20120018835A1 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2012-01-26 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Thermoelectric Conversion Module |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100499195C (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2009-06-10 | 株式会社电装 | Thermoelectric converter and its manufacturing method |
JP6193709B2 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-09-06 | 日本サーモスタット株式会社 | Thermoelectric conversion module |
-
2016
- 2016-01-26 KR KR1020160009608A patent/KR20170089329A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-07-18 EP EP16179880.6A patent/EP3200252B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2016-07-18 ES ES16179880.6T patent/ES2675737T3/en active Active
- 2016-07-20 US US15/215,361 patent/US20170213950A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-08-09 CN CN201610647473.XA patent/CN106997920B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-11-30 JP JP2016233511A patent/JP2017135361A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080173537A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2008-07-24 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Thermoelectric devices and applications for the same |
US20100193004A1 (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2010-08-05 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Thermoelectric conversion element and method for manufacturing the same |
US20100154854A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Thermoelectric module comprising spherical thermoelectric elements and method of manufacturing the same |
US20120018835A1 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2012-01-26 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Thermoelectric Conversion Module |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2675737T3 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
EP3200252B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
CN106997920B (en) | 2021-07-02 |
CN106997920A (en) | 2017-08-01 |
JP2017135361A (en) | 2017-08-03 |
US20170213950A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
KR20170089329A (en) | 2017-08-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20160233402A1 (en) | Thermoelectric conversion module | |
EP2787545B1 (en) | Thermoelectric conversion module | |
US8912613B2 (en) | Dual-side micro gas sensor and method of fabricating the same | |
EP3200252B1 (en) | Thermoelectric element and thermoelectric module | |
EP1737053A8 (en) | Thermoelectric conversion element and thermoelectric conversion module | |
US20110168224A1 (en) | Thermoelectric device and thermoelectric device array | |
WO2014141551A1 (en) | Thermoelectric conversion module | |
KR101473603B1 (en) | Thermoelectric Module for a Thermoelectric Generator of a Vehicle | |
US20100154854A1 (en) | Thermoelectric module comprising spherical thermoelectric elements and method of manufacturing the same | |
US10875078B2 (en) | Corrugated fin element | |
JP6453067B2 (en) | Thermoelectric conversion module | |
CN108231989B (en) | Thermoelectric module | |
US8357879B2 (en) | Micro-heaters, micro-heater arrays, methods for manufacturing the same and electronic devices using the same | |
US20170025594A1 (en) | Thermoelectric devices | |
US20150323228A1 (en) | Heat Exchanger Having a Plurality of Thermoelectric Modules Connected in Series | |
US11611028B2 (en) | Thermoelectric device and manufacturing method therefor | |
WO2017140671A3 (en) | Heat exchanger | |
WO2016136856A1 (en) | Thermoelectric module | |
US9735334B1 (en) | Apparatus for manufacturing thermoelectric module | |
CN110770923A (en) | Thermoelectric module | |
JP2019140294A (en) | Thermoelectric conversion device and manufacturing method thereof | |
KR20200034001A (en) | Exhaust gas power generation unit | |
US20150162516A1 (en) | Thermoelectric module | |
US20200028058A1 (en) | Thermoelectric conversion device | |
ES2971184A1 (en) | Flexible thermoelectric generator to power low-consumption sensors (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20170828 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: H01L 35/04 20060101ALI20170926BHEP Ipc: H01L 35/32 20060101AFI20170926BHEP Ipc: H01L 35/10 20060101ALI20170926BHEP |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20171108 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1000333 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20180615 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602016003081 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2675737 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 Effective date: 20180712 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20180516 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180816 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180816 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20180723 Year of fee payment: 8 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20180725 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180817 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1000333 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20180516 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602016003081 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180718 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20180731 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20190219 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180718 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180718 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602016003081 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190731 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190731 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190731 Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180516 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20160718 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180916 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20201126 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180718 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190719 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20210625 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20210713 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20220718 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220718 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220718 |