EP3198218B1 - Verfahren zur sprengung mit verzögerung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur sprengung mit verzögerung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3198218B1
EP3198218B1 EP15845338.1A EP15845338A EP3198218B1 EP 3198218 B1 EP3198218 B1 EP 3198218B1 EP 15845338 A EP15845338 A EP 15845338A EP 3198218 B1 EP3198218 B1 EP 3198218B1
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inter
row
hole
delay
blasting
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3198218A1 (de
EP3198218A4 (de
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Nam Sok Ryu
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of blasting, and is particularly concerned with the initiation of the blastholes with the shortest inter-hole delay time.
  • the invention further relates to the means for blasting and delaying.
  • the blastholes are drilled into the rock to be blasted.
  • the blastholes are at least partially charged with the explosives, and one or more initiation means are associated with the each explosive charge.
  • Initiation signals are transmitted to one or more initiation means in the blastholes at the blast site to cause the fragmentation.
  • the efficiency of blasting can be measured by the degree of the rock fragmentation.
  • the delay blasting method which is delayed at a certain intervals in blasting at the open bench pit have the several advantages of enhancing the fragmentation quality of the rock, producing less vibration destruction to the structures and improving the efficiency of the blasting.
  • the inter-row delay blasting method is widely used in the art, and the inter-hole delay blasting is still under study stage and many experiments and studies are being made to obtain reasonable inter-hole delay time.
  • United States Patent US 3,903,79 issued Sep. 5, 1975 discloses a method of the blasting, wherein the fissure production occurs within 0 to 10 milliseconds of the blast initiation, the crack propagation proceeds from approximately 10 to 60 milliseconds after the detonation, and the venting and subsequent rock removal starts after approximately 100 milliseconds following the detonation.
  • a plurality of the charges are arranged in spaced apart rows with the detonations within a row being detonated with the time delays of 10 milliseconds or more and with the detonations between the successive rows being detonated with time delays of from 25 to 150 milliseconds.
  • the Document WO 2005/124272 of the ORICA group published on Dec. 29, 2005 provided a blasting method, wherein the detonations between adjacent blastholes within a group of 2-7 holes were actuated with the time delay of below 5ms to cause the collision of the stressfields, as a result of which the fragmentation quality of the rock was improved with the attenuation of the blast vibration.
  • the time delay is preferably 3 ⁇ 5ms per metre of the minimum burden, and when the time delay is calculated by the formula (1), if W is within the range of 3 ⁇ 12m, the delay time is within the range of 9ms ⁇ 60ms.
  • the suitable detonation time delay is presented by R. Gustafsson as 5 ⁇ 8ms/m in which if minimum burden is 3 ⁇ 12m, the delay time is 15ms ⁇ 96ms.
  • M. S. Stagg and S. A. Rholl described that the suitable time delay is defined as 3.3 ⁇ 10ms per metre of the minimum burden wherein if the minimum burden is 3-12m, the delay time is 9.9ms ⁇ 120ms. As the time delay along the rows is 9ms ⁇ 120ms and the time delay between the rows is 25ms ⁇ 120ms, the ranges of the above time delays are similar with each other.
  • a surface connector disclosed in " Non-Electric Initiation System User's Guide”(Austin, January 2014 ) provides the time delays of 9ms, 17ms, 25ms, 33ms, 42ms, 67ms, 100ms and 200ms.
  • Orica published on its online about their non-electric surface connector with the time delays of 9ms, 17ms, 25ms, 42ms, 65ms, 100ms, 150ms and 200ms and presented the open pit blasting method using the electronic detonator and digital blasting system that emits a large amount of the explosion gas.
  • Dyno Nobel introduced surface connector providing time delays of 9 ms, 17 ms, 25 ms, 42 ms, 67ms in 2014.
  • Specific blast geometries to enhance the rockpile displacement in a particular direction include the use of an optimized blasthole pattern which is preferably staggered the pattern such that the ratio of the inter-hole spacing (a) along the rows of the blastholes (where the rows are taken to be perpendicular to the direction of the required displacement) to the perpendicular distance (w) between the rows is in the range 1:2 to 3:2 and preferably in the range of 7:10 to 6:5. Most preferably the ratio is in the range7:10 to 1:1.
  • the inventors of the present invention paid great attention to the prevention of the enormous economic loss due to the use of the millisecond delay detonators for providing the inter-hole delay times of the detonation and the environmental impact by the venting of the explosion gas and the production of excessive sound, and disclosed the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a method of blasting the rock offering considerably improved rock fragmentation with little explosion gas and sound, which is based on the practical experiences of more than 50 years and already manifested its efficiency for over 20 years at the open bench pits, the method being defined in independent claim 1.
  • the venting of explosion gas is concerned with the collision of stress waves propagating from each of the blastholes. For example, if the stress waves propagating from two neighbouring blastholes collide with each other at a line where two blastholes join and thereby causing stress concentration, then fissure is produced within the said line prior to the production of fissures in the other parts. High pressure gas within the blastholes enlarges the fissures and finally escapes into the atmosphere prior to the displacement of the rock to be blasted.
  • the arrangement of the blastholes increases the combination (collision) of the stress waves, e.g., 2 stressfields propagating from the first and the second blastholes combine (collide) around the spot 0.5m near the wall of the second blasthole, and 3 stressfields propagating from the second and the third blastholes around the spot 0.5m, 1m, respectively, near the wall of the third blasthole.
  • the application of the fatigue breakdown to a material decreases the strength of the material by 1/2 ⁇ 1/5.
  • the concentration of the fatigue breakdown and the production of the fissures near the walls of the blastholes are more severe than any part, by which the explosion gas starts escaping from the blastholes immediately following the initiation of the detonating fuse, where the explosion gas is vented to the height of as high as 25m ⁇ 35m.
  • the shortest inter-hole delay should be applied to provide the optimized fragmentation.
  • the shortest inter-hole delay time chosen may depend upon the factors such as the rock type and the condition, and the blast geometry.
  • the shortest inter-hole delay time per metre of the inter-hole spacing ranges from 0.182ms to 0.334ms, within which range it is possible to exert maximum energy to the fragmentation of the rock and avoid explosive energy released to the production of excessive explosion gas and sound.
  • the shortest inter-hole delay times range from 0.1ms to 2.5ms.
  • the inter-hole delay time from 0ms to 0.181ms ⁇ 0.333 ms per metre of the inter-hole spacing causes the environmental impact such as the venting of explosion gas and production of excessive sound, wherein even the use of the plugged-in, the deck loading and the stemming closed charges only provides the delays of a few or a few decades of milliseconds.
  • a further aspect of the invention for the regions where the fragmentation of the rock is to be enhanced is to use 1 ⁇ 3 or above high precision detonators within each blasthole with a delay of 1.5ms or less, preferably zero, between them.
  • upper part of a column of the explosive charges may have the booster or the detonators, which, too, allows little explosive energy released to the venting of explosion gas and sound.
  • one of these initiators is located close to the bottom or upper column of the blasthole and the others are located further up the explosive column at the regular intervals.
  • the fragmentation and the rockpile displacement is enhanced by the use of the selected ratio of the inter-row delay to the inter-hole delay.
  • the ratio will be in excess of 6:1 and preferably, in excess of 30:1.
  • the inter-hole delay is usually constant along each row, however, it may be varied.
  • the inter -row delay per metre of the rockpile burden may be kept constant or varied from row to row depending on the quality of the fragmentation.
  • the inter-hole delay time is (0.182 ⁇ 0.334)ms/m ⁇ a m, it is possible to avoid the. collision of stressfields propagating from each blastholes and provide the propagation of new stressfield within pre-propagated stressfield.
  • the stressfield propagated from the second blasthole passes through the third blasthole, after which the third blasthole is initiated, thereby propagating the incident stressfield from the third blasthole within the stressfields from the first and the second blastholes.
  • the incident stressfield from the n-th blasthole will be propagated within the number of n-1 incident and reflected stressfields.
  • inter-hole delay blast provides the improved fragmentation of the rock.
  • a point 0 within the minimum burden of the open pit is influenced by the successively overlapping stresses propagating from the neighbouring blastholes.
  • the intensity of the relative stress ⁇ ⁇ 0 of the second blasthole along a row is 67% and that of the 9th blasthole along the row is 3.1%. Above percentages show that the remoter the blasthole is positioned from the point 0, the weaker the intensity of stress which influences the point 0 becomes.
  • 1.5 ms of the inter-hole delay will have 7 stressfields stressing the point 0, 5 ms delay 3 stressfields, and 17 ms delay 1 stressfield, hence the efficiency of the explosive energy of 5 ms delay is over 1.5 times greater than that of 17 ms delay and the efficiency of the explosive energy of 1.5 ms delay is over 2 times greater than that of 17 ms delay.
  • the reflected stressfield formed by the reflection at a free face propagates to and reaches the second blasthole within (0.43 ⁇ 0.8) ms/m ⁇ a m, within which 100% of the fragmentation areas corresponding to the first and the second blastholes lie inside the incident and reflected stressfields propagating from the first blasthole.
  • the intensity of the reflected stressfield although it is weaker than that of the incident stressfield, exercises greater influence.
  • the maximum inter-hole delay may be limited to the time before the displacement of the rocks after the production of fissures.
  • fissures within the cracked rock are more than 10mm, then these fissures can be considered as a free face, in which case, it is in fact impossible to propagate the stress waves within the rock.
  • the unidirectional non-electric initiation systems such as NONEL, EXEL, SHOCK ⁇ STAR and SINB systems using the delay detonators with the inter-hole delay of 9ms, 17ms, 25ms, 42ms and 67ms provide the lower reliability than the bidirectional Detonating Fuse initiation system, the former is not widely used as the latter at the open pit blasts.
  • the inter-hole delay may be provided by the electronic initiation system, wherein the system is programmable so as to control the precise delay times.
  • the production cost of such electronic system is more than 5 times expensive, and, besides, the system is liable to be effected by external interferences such as the electric or electro-magnetic field.
  • the detonating fuses have the detonating velocity of 6000 ⁇ 6500m/s which is 1.2 ⁇ 2 times faster than the propagating velocity of the longitudinal stress waves (3000 ⁇ 5500m/s) inside the rock, therefore, it is impossible to avoid the venting of the explosion gas produced by the collision of the stress waves propagating from the blastholes without the help of the delay detonators, and besides, the production cost is over 2 times expensive.
  • the shock tube since its detonating velocity is 1600 ⁇ 2000m/s and the deviation rate is 1.09%, could be used as a means for both blast and delay that can allow the propagation of a stressfield within another stressfield in most rock types.
  • D detonating velocity
  • the preferred range of the delay time per 0.5m of the inter-hole spacing is from 0.1ms to 0.4ms.
  • the delay time provided by 0.5 meter of the shock tube is 0.25 ⁇ 0.30ms.
  • the inter-hole delay time ranges from 1.0ms to 4.5ms.
  • the shock tube which transmits the initiation signals from hole to hole provides the most precise delay time with its length, the deviation of which is not exceeding ⁇ 0.0063ms.
  • the deviation of the delay time of the electronic detonator is below ⁇ 0.1ms.
  • 7 to 20 blastholes along a row may have a bidirectional inter-row delay connector (as illustrated in figures below).
  • the said bidirectional inter-row delay connectors provide contra-directional and instantaneous operations, thereby allowing the initiation signals be transmitted from the back row to the front row if, at the open pit blast, the front circuit is cut off, wherein the inter-row delay connectors are arranged in such a manner that the last initiation signal reaches the last blasthole of the front row within or not exceeding 100ms.
  • the present invention offers the effective use of the length of the shock tube which was given less importance in the conventional non-electric initiating systems (such as NONEL, EXEL, SHOCK*STAR, SINB) controlling the inter-hole delay with the delay detonators.
  • 0.1 ms ⁇ 4.5ms the shortest inter-hole delay time provided with the length of the shock tube produces little explosion gas and sound, thereby exerting 1.5 times greater energy when compared with the method using the delay detonators with the inter-hole delays of 9ms, 17ms, 25ms, 42ms and 67ms to remarkably improve the fragmentation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Die Methode fuer Gesteinsprengung, durch Explosionen der Sprenghöhlungen von der Innenrissverzögerung die Sprenggase und -laute fast zu beseitigen, besteht aus folgenden Stufen.
    - Bohren ins Gestein mit ueber zwei Risse, die Risse setzen aus den 2-25 oder mehr Sprenghöhlungen zusammen und jede Sprenghöhlung liegt an dem Riss und zwischen den Risse in der Nähe vom anderen Sprenghöhlungen.
    - Das Laden des Explosivstoffes in jede Sprenghöhlung
    - Die Verbindung des Sprengdetonationsmittels mit jedem Explosivstoff
    - Die Detonation des Explosivstoffes durch das Sprengverzögerungsmittel, das mit der Explosion des Sprengstoffes von der Innenrissverzögerung verbunden ist. Damit wird die Sprenghöhlung in dem aus vorne liegender Sprenghöhlung schon verbreiteten Beanspruchungsfeld explodiert.
    Dieses Verfahren wird wie folgt charakterisiert.
    Die Verzögerungszeit der Innenrisse, im schon verbreiteten Beanspruchungsfeld ein neues Beanspruchungsfeld zu verbreiten, ist im Bereich der Abstände zwischen Widerstandsdrähte oder Höhlungen von 0.182-0.334ms oder 0.43-0.80ms pro Meter.
  2. Die Sprengungsmethode nach der Forderung 1, die Verzögerungszeit der Innenriss hat die Abstände zwischen Widerstandsdrähte oder Höhlungen von 0.43-0.80ms pro Meter, wenn der vertikalen Abstandverhältnis zwischen Höhlungen und Risse in den Innenrisse der Sprenghöhlungen 1:1 ist.
  3. Die Sprengungsmethode nach der Forderung 1, die Oberteilsexplosion des Schießpulverpfeilers beseitigt den Sprenggasausbruch und das Übergeräuch fast und somit werden die Verluste der Explosivstoffenergie weg.
  4. Die Sprengungsmethode nach der Forderung 1, Zuverlässigkeit des Sprengstromkreises durch die Verbindung mit der Kupplung der beiderrichtenden Rissabstandverzögerung an den 7-20 Sprenghöhlungen der Innenrisse zu erhöhen.
  5. Die Sprengungsmethoe nach der Forderung 1, die Kupplungen der Rissabstandverzögerung wird so eingesetzt, daß die Explosion innerhalb von 100ms seit Bruch der ganannten Risse der letzten Sprenghöhlung der gebrochenen Risse durch Signal anzeigen kann, wenn ein Riss im Freisprengstromkreis gebrochen und das Explosioinssignal von dem Hinterriss zu dem gebrochenen Riss übermittelt wird, wobei die Kupplungen der Rissabstandverzögerung gleichzeitig entgegengesetzt wirken.
  6. Die Sprengungsmethode nach der Forderung 1, das Zeitverhältnis der Rissabstandverzögerung und der Höhlungabstandverzögerung ist über 6:1 oder 30:1.
  7. Die Sprengungsmethode nach der Forderung 1, das Sprengverzögerungsmittel fuer die Zeit der Rissabstandverzögerung ist ein unelektrisches beiderrichtendes Explosionssystem und gibt die Verzögerungszeit des feinen Höhlungabstandes mit der Länge der plastikverkleideten Drähte für die Vermittlung des Explosionssignals den Sprenghöhlungen.
  8. Die Sprengungsmethode nach der Forderung 1, das Sprengverzögerungsmittel für die Verzögerungszeit des Höhlungabstandes ist ein elektronisches Explosionssystem.
EP15845338.1A 2014-09-23 2015-02-09 Verfahren zur sprengung mit verzögerung Active EP3198218B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KP330514 2014-09-23
PCT/KP2015/000035 WO2016047812A1 (en) 2014-09-23 2015-02-09 Method of the shortest inter-hole delay blast and the blasting and delaying means

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EP3198218A1 EP3198218A1 (de) 2017-08-02
EP3198218A4 EP3198218A4 (de) 2018-05-16
EP3198218B1 true EP3198218B1 (de) 2019-09-11

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CN (1) CN107003104B (de)
AU (1) AU2015322479B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2962230A1 (de)
EA (1) EA036360B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2016047812A1 (de)

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CN107576237B (zh) * 2017-10-30 2023-07-21 广西大学 非电导爆管起爆孔外延时分区拆除爆破网路装置
FI3690186T3 (fi) * 2019-02-01 2023-04-21 Sandvik Mining & Construction Oy Laitteisto, menetelmä ja tietokoneohjelmatuote räjäytysjärjestyksen suunnitteluun
CN110593843B (zh) * 2019-09-24 2021-12-10 河南理工大学 一种无线二氧化碳气相压裂控制方法
CN113251881B (zh) * 2021-05-31 2022-10-04 鞍钢矿业爆破有限公司 一种设置爆破延期时间的试验方法
CN114046700B (zh) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-09 湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司 孔外延时智能起爆网络系统及其起爆方法
CN114623740A (zh) * 2022-04-15 2022-06-14 广西中爆电子科技有限公司 一种电子雷管延期时间保护边坡的爆破方法
CN114963906B (zh) * 2022-06-22 2023-06-09 矿冶科技集团有限公司 一种爆破振动的控制方法
CN114993127A (zh) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-02 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 一种非均质软岩地质提高爆破块径的施工方法
CN116882213B (zh) * 2023-09-07 2023-11-24 青岛理工大学 一种电子雷管连续起爆延时时间计算方法及系统

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Publication number Publication date
EP3198218A1 (de) 2017-08-02
CA2962230A1 (en) 2016-03-31
EA036360B1 (ru) 2020-10-30
CN107003104B (zh) 2019-03-01
CN107003104A (zh) 2017-08-01
AU2015322479A1 (en) 2017-05-18
AU2015322479B2 (en) 2017-11-30
EP3198218A4 (de) 2018-05-16
EA201790681A1 (ru) 2017-09-29
WO2016047812A1 (en) 2016-03-31

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